CN112868487A - Method for planting camellia under low-temperature saline-alkali environment - Google Patents
Method for planting camellia under low-temperature saline-alkali environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868487A CN112868487A CN201911202907.5A CN201911202907A CN112868487A CN 112868487 A CN112868487 A CN 112868487A CN 201911202907 A CN201911202907 A CN 201911202907A CN 112868487 A CN112868487 A CN 112868487A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting camellia in a low-temperature saline-alkali environment, which comprises the following steps: a. seedling selection: detection of camellia resistance gene by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technologyAPXVarieties with higher expression quantity and double-resistant varieties are screened by utilizing low temperature and saline alkali stress under natural environment to serve as seedlings; b. planting: paving 1.0-1.5 cm-thick small stones at the bottom of the container, paving 1-2 cm-thick matrix, selecting nursery stocks grown for more than 2 years, potting the nursery stocks in 10 months per year, filling the matrix around the nursery stocks, placing the nursery stocks in a place with sufficient sunlight, and watering the nursery stocks thoroughly, wherein the matrix is sterile and has no organic matters; c. daily management: the temperature of the growth environment of the potted plant is not lower than 5 ℃, the salt content of the irrigation water is less than 3 per mill, and the pH value is less than 7.0. According to the method, through seedling screening and sterile organic-free matrix value determination, the resistance of the plants in low-temperature and saline-alkali environments is increased, and the possibility of planting the camellia in coastal areas in winter is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia planting, particularly belongs to the technical field of potted camellia planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting camellia in a low-temperature saline-alkali environment.
Background
At present, the conventional camellia varieties have poor resistance, and plants cannot normally grow under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment because cold-resistant and salt-tolerant varieties are not screened, so that the plants often have poor resistance, the plants grow short and small under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment, leaves turn yellow, and the plants die in severe cases. In addition, the self-prepared culture medium is prepared by mixing peat, vermiculite, perlite and the like, and 10kg/m of the self-prepared culture medium is added3The formula of the self-prepared culture medium is not optimized, so that the decomposed organic fertilizer is not applied to easily-burnt seedlings as required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting camellia in a low-temperature saline-alkali environment aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the method selects a camellia resistance gene by a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technologyAPXThe variety with higher expression level, the method for screening the double-resistance variety as the seedling by utilizing the low temperature and saline alkali stress under the natural environment and the sterile substrate without organic matters for planting overcome the physiological defect that the camellia grows under the low temperature saline alkali condition and increase the resistance of the plant under the low temperature and saline alkali environment.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting camellia under a low-temperature saline-alkali environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. seedling selection: method for selecting camellia resistance gene by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technologyAPXVarieties with higher expression level, and double-resistant varieties are screened by utilizing low temperature and saline-alkali stress under natural environment to serve as seedlings;
b. planting: paving 1.0-1.5 cm-thick small stones at the bottom of the container, paving 1-2 cm-thick matrix, selecting nursery stocks grown for more than 2 years, potting the nursery stocks in 10 months per year, filling the matrix around the nursery stocks, placing the nursery stocks in a place with sufficient sunlight, and watering the nursery stocks thoroughly, wherein the matrix is sterile and has no organic matters;
c. daily management: the temperature of the growth environment of the potted plant is not lower than 5 ℃, the salt content of the irrigation water is lower than 3 per mill, and the pH value is less than 7.0.
And c, selecting a ceramic basin, a plastic nutrition pot or a non-woven fabric beauty planting bag as the container in the step b, wherein the height of the container is 30-40 cm, and the diameter of the container is 15-20 cm.
The substrate in the step b is prepared from red jade soil, deer biogas soil and grass carbon in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
And c, applying 20-30 g of granular biological organic fertilizer to the pot surface after the potted plant is fixedly planted for one month in the step c.
When the pot plant in the step c is placed in a greenhouse, the greenhouse is insulated by using a polyethylene non-drip anti-aging film, and the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 5 ℃; a layer of sunshade net is paved on the ground of the greenhouse, then a layer of small pebbles with the specification of 1 multiplied by 1cm and the height of 2cm is paved, the potted plant is placed on the small pebbles, and the environmental humidity is controlled between 60% and 80%.
The irrigation water adopted by the pot culture in the step c is clean river water or tap water, and the tap water is required to be placed for 24 hours for use; when watering, the substrate surface is wet and the watering is forbidden, and the optimal watering time is slightly dry.
And c, selecting bud thinning time for the potted plants in the step c according to different flowering periods: in autumn flower variety, the bud thinning is completed 6-7 months per year, and in winter flower and next spring flower variety 9 months before the bud thinning is completed.
And c, carrying out bud thinning on the potted plant in the step c according to the growth state and the variety: the young plants do not leave buds, small buds are removed from the thin and weak plants, few buds with large tops are left, and 2-3 buds are left on each branch of the robust adult plants; the flower type variety has no thinning of the flower.
When the anthracnose and leaf blight are generated in the potted plant in the step c, 1000-1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is selected for spraying, preventing and controlling for 3-4 times continuously at intervals of 7-10 d; 2000 times of 15% pyridaben missible oil solution or 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder solution or 1000 times of 40% dicofol emulsion is sprayed for 1 time per week and 3-4 times continuously in the insect pest period of the red spiders.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention detects the resistance gene in camellia varieties by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technologyAPXThe expression quantity, low temperature and saline-alkali stress under natural environment are utilized to screen double-resistance varieties, and substrates with good water permeability and no bacteria or organic matters, such as red jade soil, deer marsh soil and the like, are utilized to plant, so that the physiological defect of camellia growth under low-temperature saline-alkali conditions is overcome, the resistance of plants under low temperature and saline-alkali environment is increased, the possibility of camellia planting in coastal areas in winter is realized, technical demonstration is created for the north transfer of camellia, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A method for planting camellia under low-temperature saline-alkali environment comprises the following steps: a. seedling selection: selecting a variety with high expression level of camellia resistance gene APX by using a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology, and screening a double-resistant variety by using low temperature and saline-alkali stress under natural environment to serve as a seedling; b. planting: selecting a ceramic basin, a plastic nutrition pot or a non-woven fabric beauty planting bag with good air permeability as a container, wherein the height of the container is 30-40 cm, and the diameter of the container is 15-20 cm; paving 1.0-1.5 cm thick cobblestones at the bottom of the container, and paving 1-2 cm thick matrix which is good in water permeability, sterile and free of organic matters, wherein the matrix is composed of red jade soil, deer methane soil and grass carbon in a ratio of 1:1: 1; selecting more than 2-year-old seedlings to be potted in 10 months per year, filling the matrix around the seedlings, placing the seedlings in a place with sufficient sunlight and watering the seedlings thoroughly; c. daily management: the temperature of the growth environment of the potted plant is not lower than 5 ℃, the salt content of irrigation water is lower than 3 per mill, the pH value is less than 7.0, watering is carried out when the surface layer of the matrix is in a slightly dry state, the irrigation water is clean river water or tap water, and the tap water is used after being placed for 24 hours; applying 20-30 g of granular bio-organic fertilizer to the pot surface after one month of potted plant planting, and suspending the application of fertilizer if the plant is in a semi-dormant state; when the potted plant is placed in a greenhouse, the greenhouse is insulated by using a polyethylene non-drip anti-aging film, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 5 ℃, a layer of sunshade net is paved on the ground of the greenhouse, a layer of small pebbles with the height of 2cm and the specification of 1 multiplied by 1cm is paved, the potted plant is placed on the small pebbles, and the environmental humidity is controlled to be 60-80%; the bud thinning time is selected according to different flowering periods of the potted plant, the bud thinning of autumn flower varieties is completed in 6-7 months each year, and the bud thinning is completed before 9 months for winter flowers and spring flower varieties in the next year; the young plants do not leave buds, small buds are removed from the thin and weak plants, few buds with large tops are left, and 2-3 buds are left on each branch of the robust adult plants; the flower type variety has no thinning of the flower.
In the method, when the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology is used for detecting the expression level of the camellia resistance gene APX,APXthe expression level is 0.002-0.136 (calculation formula: Y = 10)△ct/3X 100%), i.e. can be regarded asAPXAnd (4) varieties with higher expression quantity.
When the potted plant generates plant diseases and insect pests and anthracnose and leaf blight, 1000-1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is selected for spraying, preventing and controlling for 3-4 times continuously at intervals of 7-10 days; 2000 times of 15% pyridaben missible oil solution or 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder solution or 1000 times of 40% dicofol emulsion is sprayed for 1 time per week and 3-4 times continuously in the insect pest period of the red spiders.
Example one
The method for planting the camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment provided by the invention is illustrated by taking planting in a greenhouse as an example.
The greenhouse faces 5 degrees to the south and the west and has a slope angle of 23 degrees, the heat preservation performance is good, the minimum indoor temperature is not lower than 5 ℃, the polyethylene non-drip anti-aging film is used for heat preservation, 1-2 layers of polyethylene non-drip anti-aging film are covered on the greenhouse, heat preservation is covered by heat preservation cotton or a straw curtain, the greenhouse can also be heated by an electric appliance in the greenhouse, and the room temperature at night is kept above 5 ℃; the greenhouse needs to be integrated before use, a layer of sunshade net is paved on the ground of the greenhouse, a layer of small stones with the specification of 1 multiplied by 1cm and the height of 2cm is paved on the ground of the greenhouse, and the water permeability is good when the small stones are placed on the pot culture.
Seedling selection: quantification by real-time fluorescenceDetection of camellia resistance gene by PCR technologyAPXThe variety with higher expression level and the camellia which has strong growth vigor, good quality, bright color, good cold resistance and salt tolerance and is naturally screened under the low-temperature saline-alkali condition are used as the seedlings for cuttage and grafting.
Planting: selecting a ceramic basin, a plastic nutrition pot or a non-woven fabric planting bag with good air permeability, wherein the height of the container is 30cm, the diameter of the container is 20cm, small stones with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm are paved at the bottom of the container, and then a substrate with the thickness of 1-2 cm is paved on the bottom of the container, the substrate is good in water permeability, sterile and free of organic matters, and the formula of the substrate is red jade soil, deer marsh soil and grass carbon is 1:1: 1; selecting nursery stock of more than 2 years for potting in 10 months per year, uniformly filling the loose substrate around, compacting, placing in a place with sufficient sunlight (placing outside the greenhouse or opening the ceiling of the greenhouse at the moment), and watering thoroughly.
Daily management: the irrigation water is clean river water or tap water, the tap water needs to be used after being placed for 24 hours, the salt content of the irrigation water is less than 3 per thousand, and the pH value is less than 7.0; after autumn comes up, watering should be gradually reduced; in winter, water is supplemented according to indoor temperature and growth conditions.
When watering, the soil surface is wet, the watering is forbidden if the soil surface is wet, the soil surface is slightly dry as the best watering time, and under the cultivation condition of a sunlight greenhouse, the potted plant environment should keep relatively high humidity and be controlled between 60% and 80%. The most suitable environment temperature for the potted plant in the growth period is 15-25 ℃; when the illumination is insufficient in winter, the heat-preservation cotton or the grass curtain is covered in the early stage and the late stage as much as possible to increase the illumination.
In autumn, the root system of the camellia is in a rapid growth period, and 20-30 g of granular bio-organic fertilizer can be applied to a small amount of pot surface after planting for one month and delaying seedling; if the plant is in a semi-dormant state, the fertilization is suspended.
Pruning and picking leaves all the year round, mainly in winter, pruning insect-infected branches, withered branches, bare-grown branches and the like, and burning intensively. Selecting bud thinning time according to different flowering periods, wherein the bud thinning time is 6-7 months per year for autumn flower varieties, and the bud thinning period can be properly delayed for winter flower varieties and spring flower varieties in the next year, and the bud thinning time can be finished before 9 months generally; the young plants do not leave buds to ensure good vegetative growth, small buds are removed from the weak plants, large buds are left at the top, and 2-3 buds are left on each branch of the strong adult plants; the flower type variety has no thinning of the flower.
And (3) pest control: in the low-temperature period of autumn and early spring, the camellia has less plant diseases and insect pests, and the 1000-1500 times liquid of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600 times liquid of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder can be used for spraying to prevent and treat anthracnose, leaf blight and the like for 3 to 4 times continuously at intervals of 7 to 10 days; the pesticide is prepared by spraying 2000 times of 15% pyridaben emulsifiable solution or 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 1000 times of 40% dicofol emulsion to red spiders possibly existing all the year round in the pest period, 1 time per week and 3-4 times continuously.
The invention detects the resistance gene in camellia varieties by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technologyAPXThe expression quantity, low temperature and saline-alkali stress under natural environment are utilized to screen double-resistance varieties, and substrates with good water permeability and no bacteria or organic matters, such as red jade soil, deer marsh soil and the like, are utilized to plant, so that the physiological defect of camellia growth under low-temperature saline-alkali conditions is overcome, the resistance of plants under low temperature and saline-alkali environment is increased, the possibility of camellia planting in coastal areas in winter is realized, technical demonstration is created for the north transfer of camellia, and the economic benefit is improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting camellia under a low-temperature saline-alkali environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. seedling selection: method for selecting camellia resistance gene by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technologyAPXVarieties with higher expression level, and double-resistant varieties are screened by utilizing low temperature and saline-alkali stress under natural environment to serve as seedlings;
b. planting: paving 1.0-1.5 cm-thick small stones at the bottom of the container, paving 1-2 cm-thick matrix, selecting nursery stocks grown for more than 2 years, potting the nursery stocks in 10 months per year, filling the matrix around the nursery stocks, placing the nursery stocks in a place with sufficient sunlight, and watering the nursery stocks thoroughly, wherein the matrix is sterile and has no organic matters;
c. daily management: the temperature of the growth environment of the potted plant is not lower than 5 ℃, the salt content of the irrigation water is lower than 3 per mill, and the pH value is less than 7.0.
2. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and c, selecting a ceramic basin, a plastic nutrition pot or a non-woven fabric beauty planting bag as the container in the step b, wherein the height of the container is 30-40 cm, and the diameter of the container is 15-20 cm.
3. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the substrate in the step b is prepared from red jade soil, deer biogas soil and grass carbon in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
4. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and c, applying 20-30 g of granular biological organic fertilizer to the pot surface after the potted plant is fixedly planted for one month in the step c.
5. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the pot plant in the step c is placed in a greenhouse, the greenhouse is insulated by using a polyethylene non-drip anti-aging film, and the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 5 ℃; a layer of sunshade net is paved on the ground of the greenhouse, then a layer of small pebbles with the specification of 1 multiplied by 1cm and the height of 2cm is paved, the potted plant is placed on the small pebbles, and the environmental humidity is controlled between 60% and 80%.
6. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the irrigation water adopted by the pot culture in the step c is clean river water or tap water, and the tap water is required to be placed for 24 hours for use; when watering, it is dry and wet.
7. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and c, selecting bud thinning time for the potted plants in the step c according to different flowering periods: in autumn flower variety, the bud thinning is completed 6-7 months per year, and in winter flower and next spring flower variety 9 months before the bud thinning is completed.
8. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and c, carrying out bud thinning on the potted plant in the step c according to the growth state and the variety: the young plants do not leave buds, small buds are removed from the thin and weak plants, few buds with large tops are left, and 2-3 buds are left on each branch of the robust adult plants; the flower type variety has no thinning of the flower.
9. The method for planting camellia under the low-temperature saline-alkali environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the anthracnose and leaf blight are generated in the potted plant in the step c, 1000-1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is selected for spraying, preventing and controlling for 3-4 times continuously at intervals of 7-10 d; 2000 times of 15% pyridaben missible oil solution or 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder solution or 1000 times of 40% dicofol emulsion is sprayed for 1 time per week and 3-4 times continuously in the insect pest period of the red spiders.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115067179A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-20 | 上海辰山植物园 | Soilless culture substrate and culture method for household type full-fleshed camellia |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115067179A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-20 | 上海辰山植物园 | Soilless culture substrate and culture method for household type full-fleshed camellia |
| CN115067179B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-06-02 | 上海辰山植物园 | Soilless culture substrate and culture method for household abundant flower tea |
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Application publication date: 20210601 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |