CN102648693A - Organic vegetable substrate cultivation production process of non-arable facility - Google Patents
Organic vegetable substrate cultivation production process of non-arable facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN102648693A CN102648693A CN2012101654780A CN201210165478A CN102648693A CN 102648693 A CN102648693 A CN 102648693A CN 2012101654780 A CN2012101654780 A CN 2012101654780A CN 201210165478 A CN201210165478 A CN 201210165478A CN 102648693 A CN102648693 A CN 102648693A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic vegetable substrate cultivation production process of a non-arable facility, which is characterized in that a standard sunlight greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse is established in a non-arable region, a basement-type or a half-basement-type cultivation groove is established inside the sunlight greenhouse or the plastic greenhouse, an organic composite substrate adopting caragana microphylla power as a main ingredient is used as the organic cultivation substrate, and the production of organic vegetables are carried out according to the organic vegetable production process of an international standard. According to the organic vegetable substrate cultivation production process, not only can the deadline that a traditional agricultural district needs to be transformed be reduced, the utilization rate of the non-arable district be improved and the cultivatable area be increased, but also organic vegetables with abundant nutrients, top grade and good taste can be provided, important vegetable non-staple food necessary for people every day can be provided, and the body health of people can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, particularly relate to a kind of uncultivated area facility organic vegetable substrate culture production technology.
Background technology
Along with the growing interest of consumer to food security, health and nutrition; Organic vegetable is as one type of organic food; Become the current pressing issues that need to solve, its prospect is boundless at present, the development organic vegetable help to society provide nutritious, quality is high, the organic vegetable of features good taste; Provide people's every day necessary important vegetables non-staple food, the guarantee people masses' is healthy; Organic vegetable must strictness in whole process of production be followed the production technical standard of organic food, and plantation is particular about is safety, the natural mode of production, can promote and keep the ecological balance well; It should be complete plot that the production base requires the soil, can not accompany therebetween to carry out the conventional plot that produces, but allow to accompany organic conversion plot; Organic vegetable base and conventional plot intersection must have the visible marking, like river, massif, the artificial isolation strip that is provided with etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly both can satisfy the organic vegetable production requirement, can reduce the uncultivated area facility organic vegetable substrate culture production technology of traditional farming production area transformation time again.
The present invention combines organic farming and cultivation technique without soil cleverly, thereby produces the vegetables that meet organic food standards, and the concrete technical scheme that is adopted is:
A kind of uncultivated area facility organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that: in the uncultivated area zone; Greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel set up standard; And build underground type or semi-underground type cultivating groove within it, adopt the caragana microphylla powder be the organic composite substratd of main component as organic culture substrate, carry out organic vegetable production according to international standard organic vegetable production technology.
Said uncultivated area zone is meant was not engaged in traditional farming production, and other environmental factors all meet desert or the saline and alkaline area that organic farming is produced except that soil condition.
The organic composite substratd that described caragana microphylla powder is a main component is: caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer 20%～30%, wherein said fertilizer are chicken manure or sheep excrement.
Described underground type or semi-underground type cultivating groove are to extend with North and South direction, dark 20cm～30cm, the groove of the wide 50cm of internal diameter; Low north, its bottom land south is high, and gradient 8 degree～10 degree are longly decided according to greenhouse or plastic tunnel width; Low north, bottom land south is high, and gradient 8 degree～10 degree are the index formation cultivating groove, for preventing that seepage, the sick worm of soil are infected matrix and soil is isolated; 1 layer of plastic greenhouse film that 0.1mm～0.12mm is thick in the shop, inner edge to bottom of groove; Rockfill head or sand 5cm～10cm lay on it with woven bag, are covered with machine cultivation matrix 15cm～20cm afterwards.
Rhone has been dug along the direction of greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel in the south at above-mentioned cultivating groove; This rhone 10cm～15cm; Dark 35cm～40cm; Place internal diameter 10cm～15cmPVC pipe (circle is divided into two semicircles) in the bottom of groove as drainpipe, canopy easternmost or the west for connect drainpipe near the south dig dell (the length and width height is 1m), coat with water-impervious with cement inner edge and bottom.Mould pipe in the bottom, the south of each cultivating groove with gravity die and connect cultivating groove and rhone, redundant moisture in the cultivating groove is discharged to rhone.
In standard greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel, be provided with irrigation system; This irrigation system adopts water storing tank+under-film drip irrigation mode; Be specially: said irrigation system; Be meant by water pump, manometer, control valve, filter, aqueduct and irrigate band and form that promptly in facility, apart from ground 0.8m～1m volume being set is 4m
3Water storing tank is installed water pump, manometer, control valve, filter, aqueduct and irrigate band then successively, adopts dropper device under the film; Lay an irrigate band in the middle of in each cultivating groove, cover layer of plastic film on the irrigate band, outward in case dropper water sprays; With water pump pressurize when watering (fertilising) at every turn, keep soil humidity to be advisable 60%～80%, pump selection is selected by greenhouse length; Filter is selected 100 orders～120 eye mesh screen filters for use, in case the magazine blocking dropping head.
In carrying out the organic vegetable production process; The celestial organic fertilizer after water-soluble of organic fertilizer, green ingot and eight good fortune of 30 times～40 times of the fertile dilutions in fermentation organic fertilizer, natural pond is alternately used; Usually the fermentation organic fertilizer directly waters near the plant root, and the organic fertilizer after organic fertilizer, green ingot and the eight good fortune celestial being that the fertile dilution in natural pond is 30 times～40 times is water-soluble splashes into the plant root with dropper.
Described fermentation organic fertilizer is meant oil cake 15kg, superphosphate 15kg, and fertilizer 100kg and EM bacterium 2L are placed in the fermenter of volume >=100L, and spontaneous fermentation got final product after 10 days in greenhouse or booth, and wherein fertilizer is chicken manure, sheep excrement or dregs of beans.Said cultivation matrix is selected, and is meant organic composite substratd, i.e. prescription (volume ratio): caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%;
Carry out the anti-smelting of damage by disease and insect in phase in whole production, promptly strictly observe country's " the organic crops plantation allows the plant protection products material and the measure of use ", utilize various physics, biology and ecological measure control damage by disease and insect.
The present invention selects the uncultivated area zone, promptly is not engaged in traditional farming production, and other environmental factor all meets desert or the saline and alkaline area that organic farming is produced except that soil condition; Utilize standard greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel; Carry out organic vegetable production according to international standard organic vegetable production technology regulation, both can reduce the time limit that the traditional farming district need transform, improve the availability in uncultivated area zone; But increase the farming land area, improved the facilities vegetable product quality again.Simultaneously, aborning, follow the ecosystem balance theory in vegetables market; In line with the self regulating and control of performance vegetables system and the principle of safeguard measure, introduce and select resistant variety, utilization and extention biopesticide for use; The protection natural enemy, diversity growing makes the damage by disease and insect harm of the system of doing reduce to minimum more; Green manuring, applying organic manure, the autophyting ability in cultivation soil; The environmental enhancement regulation measure improves the environmental condition in vegetable growing place, strengthens the resistance and the disease resistance of vegetable plant strain self, thereby produces more high quality agricultural productses.
Utilize organic composite substratd; Promptly fill a prescription (volume ratio): caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30% are as organic culture substrate; Having suction, ventilative, clean hygiene, several big advantages such as nutritious, is novel soilless culture substrate.Basic physical property unit weight, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix phase seemingly, gas-water ratio is superior to the peat composed of rotten mosses.
Process is in the organic tomato of uncultivated area facility, many batches of experimental studies of capsicum substrate culture, and the vegetables that utilize this novel soilless culture substrate to carry out organic vegetable production are compared with soil cultivation, have improved the availability of pouring water; One batch of water saving 20%～30%; Improved nutritional quality, detected according to quality inspection center, Ministry of Agriculture matrimony vine Ningxia, the tomato sugar content increases by 81.3%; Vc content increases by 62.5%; Sugar-acid ratio also exceeds 26.12% than rising of soil cultivation, and capsicum Vc content increases by 41.05%, carries out organic vegetable production through caragana microphylla powder, perlite, fertilizer composite interstitial substance and can obviously improve the availability of pouring water to practice thrift moisture; Improving tomato and capsicum vegetables fruit quality and local flavor, is the important planting type of producing high-grade vegetables.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In the desert region or saline and alkaline area, be example with the plantation tomato, build up underground type cultivating groove (having drain function); Dig 20cm～30cm from subsurface, the wide 50cm of internal diameter, flute length is decided according to the greenhouse width; Low north, bottom land south is high, and gradient is 8 degree～10 degree, for preventing that seepage, the sick worm of soil are infected matrix and soil is isolated; 1 layer of plastic greenhouse film that 0.1mm～0.12mm is thick in the shop, inner edge to bottom of groove; Rockfill head or sand 5cm～10cm lay on it with woven bag, are covered with machine composite interstitial substance (caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%) 15cm～20cm afterwards; Supporting irrigation installation adopts water storing tank+under-film drip irrigation mode, is 4m in that volume is set apart from ground 0.8m～1m promptly
3Water storing tank is installed water pump, manometer, control valve, filter, aqueduct and irrigate band then successively, adopts dropper device under the film; Lay an irrigate band in the middle of promptly in each cultivating groove, cover layer of plastic film on the irrigate band, outward in case dripping irrigation water sprays; Pressurize with water pump when watering (fertilising) at every turn; Time 10min～15min, the cloudy day reduces the number of times that waters, and is advisable 60%～80% to keep soil humidity; Field planting 2 row tomatoes in each cultivating groove, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 55cm; It is main that the replenishing of fertilizer alternately used with four kinds of organic fertilizers (homemade zymotic fluid, the fertile dilution in natural pond 30-40 doubly, green ingot and eight good fortune celestial), 10 days～15 days at interval, directly water in or splash into the plant root with dropper; The control of damage by disease and insect strictly observes country's " the organic crops plantation allows the plant protection products material and the measure of use "; Preferentially select protection natural enemy (oophagous trichogrammae, ladybug) for use; Drive aphid or the trapping of champac plate with the silver gray mulch film; With plant resource, biogenic pesticide; Antibiotic bactericides such as agricultural streptomycin, polyoxin, nucleotide, oligosaccharide, nicotine, matrine, various physics, biology and ecological measures such as interplanting clover (spring onion) diversity growing prevent and control, and make the damage by disease and insect harm of organic farming system reduce to minimum.
The described self-control zymotic fluid organic fertilizer that promptly ferments; Be meant oil cake 15kg, superphosphate 15kg, fertilizer 100kg and EM bacterium 2L are placed in the fermenter of volume >=100L; Spontaneous fermentation got final product after 10 days in greenhouse or booth, and wherein fertilizer is chicken manure, sheep excrement or dregs of beans.Said cultivation matrix is selected, and is meant organic composite substratd, i.e. prescription (volume ratio): caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%.
Embodiment 2
In the desert region or saline and alkaline area, be example with the plantation capsicum, build up semi-underground type cultivating groove (having drain function); Dig 8cm～18cm from subsurface; Put the wide 50cm of 2 layers of common brick (12 model) groove internal diameter on the ground, flute length is decided according to the greenhouse width, and low north, bottom land south is high; Gradient is 8 degree～10 degree; For preventing that seepage, the sick worm of soil are infected matrix and soil are isolated, 1 layer of plastic greenhouse film that 0.1mm～0.12mm is thick in the shop, inner edge to bottom of groove, head or sand 5cm～10cm rockfill; Lay on it with woven bag, be covered with machine composite interstitial substance (caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%) 15cm～20cm afterwards; Supporting irrigation installation adopts water storing tank+under-film drip irrigation mode, is 4m in that volume is set apart from ground 0.8m～1m promptly
3Water storing tank is installed water pump, manometer, control valve, filter, aqueduct and irrigate band then successively, adopts dropper device under the film; Lay an irrigate band in the middle of promptly in each cultivating groove, cover layer of plastic film on the irrigate band, outward in case dripping irrigation water sprays; Pressurize with water pump when watering (fertilising) at every turn; Time 10min～15min, the cloudy day reduces the number of times that waters, and is advisable 60%～80% to keep soil humidity; Keep soil humidity to be advisable 60%～80%; Field planting 2 row capsicums in each cultivating groove, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; It is main that the replenishing of fertilizer alternately used with four kinds of organic fertilizers (homemade zymotic fluid, the fertile dilution in natural pond 30-40 doubly, green ingot and eight good fortune celestial), 10 days～15 days at interval, directly water in or splash into the plant root with dropper; The control of damage by disease and insect strictly observes country's " the organic crops plantation allows the plant protection products material and the measure of use "; Preferentially select protection natural enemy (oophagous trichogrammae, ladybug) for use; Drive aphid or the trapping of champac plate with the silver gray mulch film; With plant resource, biogenic pesticide; Antibiotic bactericides such as agricultural streptomycin, polyoxin, nucleotide, oligosaccharide, nicotine, matrine, various physics, biology and ecological measures such as interplanting clover (spring onion) diversity growing prevent and control, and make the damage by disease and insect harm of organic farming system reduce to minimum.
The described self-control zymotic fluid organic fertilizer that promptly ferments; Be meant oil cake 15kg, superphosphate 15kg, fertilizer 100kg and EM bacterium 2L are placed in the fermenter of volume >=100L; Spontaneous fermentation got final product after 10 days in greenhouse or booth, and wherein fertilizer is chicken manure, sheep excrement or dregs of beans.Said cultivation matrix is selected, and is meant organic composite substratd, i.e. prescription (volume ratio): caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%.
Embodiment 3
In the desert region or saline and alkaline area, be example with the plantation watermelon, build up semi-underground type cultivating groove (having drain function); Dig 8cm～18cm from subsurface; Put the wide 50cm of 2 layers of common brick (12 model) groove internal diameter on the ground, flute length is decided according to the greenhouse width, and low north, bottom land south is high; Gradient is 8 degree～10 degree; For preventing that seepage, the sick worm of soil are infected matrix and soil are isolated, 1 layer of plastic greenhouse film that 0.1mm～0.12mm is thick in the shop, inner edge to bottom of groove, head or sand 5cm～10cm rockfill; Lay on it with woven bag, be covered with machine composite interstitial substance (caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%) 15cm～20cm afterwards; Supporting irrigation installation adopts water storing tank+under-film drip irrigation mode, is 4m in that volume is set apart from ground 0.8m～1m promptly
3Water storing tank is installed water pump, manometer, control valve, filter, aqueduct and irrigate band then successively, adopts dropper device under the film; Lay an irrigate band in the middle of promptly in each cultivating groove; Cover layer of plastic film on the irrigate band,, pressurize with water pump when watering (fertilising) at every turn in case dripping irrigation water sprays outward; Time 10min～15min keeps soil humidity to be advisable 60%～80%; Field planting 2 row capsicums in each cultivating groove, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; It is main that the replenishing of fertilizer alternately used with four kinds of organic fertilizers (homemade zymotic fluid, the fertile dilution in natural pond 30-40 doubly, green ingot and eight good fortune celestial), 10 days～15 days at interval, directly water in or splash into the plant root with dropper; The control of damage by disease and insect strictly observes country's " the organic crops plantation allows the plant protection products material and the measure of use "; Preferentially select protection natural enemy (oophagous trichogrammae, ladybug) for use; Drive aphid or the trapping of champac plate with the silver gray mulch film; With plant resource, biogenic pesticide; Antibiotic bactericides such as agricultural streptomycin, polyoxin, nucleotide, oligosaccharide, nicotine, matrine, various physics, biology and ecological measures such as interplanting sweet potato (onion) diversity growing prevent and control, and make the damage by disease and insect harm of organic farming system reduce to minimum.
The described self-control zymotic fluid organic fertilizer that promptly ferments; Be meant oil cake 15kg, superphosphate 15kg, fertilizer 100kg and EM bacterium 2L are placed in the fermenter of volume >=100L; Spontaneous fermentation got final product after 10 days in greenhouse or booth, and wherein fertilizer is chicken manure, sheep excrement or dregs of beans.Said cultivation matrix is selected, and is meant organic composite substratd, i.e. prescription (volume ratio): caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%, perlite 35%～40%, fertilizer (chicken manure or sheep excrement) 20%～30%.
Embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the mode that the foregoing description provides.
Claims (9)
1. uncultivated area facility organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that: in the uncultivated area zone; Greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel set up standard; And build underground type or semi-underground type cultivating groove within it, adopt the caragana microphylla powder be the organic composite substratd of main component as organic culture substrate, carry out organic vegetable production according to international standard organic vegetable production technology.
2. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 1 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that: said uncultivated area zone is meant was not engaged in traditional farming production, and other environmental factors all meet desert or the saline and alkaline area that organic farming is produced except that soil condition.
3. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 1 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that the organic composite substratd that described caragana microphylla powder is a main component is: caragana microphylla powder 35%～40%; Perlite 35%～40%; Fertilizer 20%～30%, wherein said fertilizer are chicken manure or sheep excrement.
4. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 1 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that described underground type or semi-underground type cultivating groove are for extending dark 20cm～30cm, the groove of the wide 50cm of internal diameter with North and South direction; Its low north, bottom land south is high, gradient 8 degree～10 degree.
5. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 4 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; The thick plastic greenhouse film of inner edge to bottom shop one deck 0.1mm～0.12mm that it is characterized in that above-mentioned cultivating groove; Head or sand 5cm～10cm rockfill; Lay on it with woven bag, be covered with machine cultivation matrix 15cm～20cm afterwards.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 described uncultivated area facility organic vegetable substrate culture production technologies; It is characterized in that: rhone has been dug along the direction of greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel in the south at above-mentioned cultivating groove, and this rhone is moulded pipe through gravity die and is communicated with cultivating groove.
7. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 1 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology, it is characterized in that: in standard greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel, be provided with irrigation system, this irrigation system adopts water storing tank+under-film drip irrigation mode.
8. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 1 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that: in carrying out the organic vegetable production process, the celestial organic fertilizer after water-soluble of organic fertilizer, green ingot and eight good fortune of 30 times～40 times of the fertile dilutions in fermentation organic fertilizer, natural pond is alternately used.
9. according to the described uncultivated area facility of claim 8 organic vegetable substrate culture production technology; It is characterized in that described fermentation organic fertilizer is meant oil cake 15kg; Superphosphate 15kg; Fertilizer 100kg and EM bacterium 2L are placed in the fermenter of volume >=100L, and spontaneous fermentation got final product after 10 days in greenhouse or booth, and wherein fertilizer is chicken manure, sheep excrement or dregs of beans.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284355A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业大学 | Facility leak-stopping and evaporation-limiting cultivation method for non-arable land |
| CN110946052A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-03 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Miniature potted China rose renewable nutrient medium and matched nutrient solution thereof |
| CN113115701A (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2021-07-16 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Non-cultivated facility vegetable cultivation system and applicable integrated device and application thereof |
| CN113179875A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Interplanting cultivation method and system using cultivation pillow |
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| CN1263073A (en) * | 1999-02-07 | 2000-08-16 | 张福祥 | Special-purpose second crop fertilizer for water melon and musk melon |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284355A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业大学 | Facility leak-stopping and evaporation-limiting cultivation method for non-arable land |
| CN105284355B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2018-06-26 | 中国农业大学 | One kind steams cultural method for non-arable land facility leak stopping limit |
| CN110946052A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-03 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Miniature potted China rose renewable nutrient medium and matched nutrient solution thereof |
| CN113115701A (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2021-07-16 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Non-cultivated facility vegetable cultivation system and applicable integrated device and application thereof |
| CN113179875A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Interplanting cultivation method and system using cultivation pillow |
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Application publication date: 20120829 |