CN103988770A - Method for cultivating tomatoes in greenhouse in soilless mode - Google Patents
Method for cultivating tomatoes in greenhouse in soilless mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988770A CN103988770A CN201410249789.4A CN201410249789A CN103988770A CN 103988770 A CN103988770 A CN 103988770A CN 201410249789 A CN201410249789 A CN 201410249789A CN 103988770 A CN103988770 A CN 103988770A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating tomatoes in a greenhouse in a soilless mode. The method comprises the steps of designing cultivating grooves, preparing a substrate, sterilizing the substrate, preparing and applying a nutrient solution, and conducting comprehensive tomato cultivation management. A half of each cultivating groove is buried into soil, so that a great number of materials is saved. The substrate is divided into two layers. All the underground substrate is furnace slag. The substrate used on the ground is flammulina velutipese residues. The substrate has a large porosity, so that respiration, extension, water absorption and nutrient absorption of root systems are facilitated. The substrate is sterilized at the temperature higher than 70 DEG C, and the main target is the tomato mosaic disease. When tomatoes are cultivated according to the method for cultivating tomatoes in the greenhouse in the soilless mode, the use amount of pesticide and fertilizer and labor cost are reduced, and the tomato yield, the content of carbohydrate and the content of Vitamin C are all greatly increased. According to the method for cultivating tomatoes in the greenhouse in the soilless mode, the practicability is high, and high economic value is achieved.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, with soilless culture substrate, industrialized agriculture, pollution-free green food culture technique is closely related.
[background technology]
Tomato is that market demand is large, nutritive value and the higher economic crops of economic worth.In green house, planting tomato, rationally regulate the Time To Market of tomato, is the effective way that improves tomato planting benefit.But because long-term continuous cropping causes that damage by disease and insect is serious, soil part nutrient dificiency and physicochemical property worsen, the decline of tomato yield and quality reduce, and use a large amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer in continuous cropping process, and the safety of food has been caused to huge harm.Soilless culture has had a large amount of application on the horticultural crops such as a lot of vegetables, fruit, flowers, can at utmost improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, water and agricultural chemicals, reduce the harm of soil-borne disease, thereby play the effect of the quality, output and the safety that improve agricultural product.But in outdoor soilless culture process, the disease that rainwater, air bring and insect pest cause significant impact to the solid meeting of the growth of tomato.
For the tomato of eating raw of high-quality, safety is provided to market in the anniversary of realizing, need to solve 2 major issues, the one, solve the problem that plastic greenhouse is cultivated soil deterioration in tomato soil-borne disease insect pest and greenhouse; The 2nd, solve the damage by disease and insect problem that outdoor soilless culture natural world exists, the problem of the nutrient loss that excessive rainfall causes.The application there is not yet identical technical scheme report before proposing.
[summary of the invention]
The invention provides the soilless culture method of tomato in a kind of greenhouse, combine the advantage of greenhouse culture and the advantage of soilless culture, significantly improved tomato planting output, mouthfeel, quality and safety.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
In greenhouse, a soilless culture method for tomato, comprises the steps:
(1). by the land readjustment in green house, and compacting compression soil, then adopt the partly mode of burying to excavate cultivating groove, cultivating groove excavating depth under earth's surface is 20-30cm, wide 40-50cm, the length of cultivating groove is determined according to the concrete size in greenhouse; Between every adjacent 2 cultivating grooves, reserve the aisle of 50cm, spread waterproof cloth in cultivating groove, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, spreads solid clay brick form the height that exposes earth's surface in the edge of cultivating groove;
(2). the sterilization that carries out disinfection in green house, after first fully mixing according to every mu of use dichlorvos 1kg and 5-10kg sawdust, spread surface, aisle, disinfecting time 12-24 hour; Again the dry straw of 4-5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after green house door and ventilating opening, lights the stifling 12-24 hour of straw;
(3). to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of Asparagus slag and slag matrix, with film, respectively by matrix parcel, stack 7-10 days, during stacking, substrate temperature reaches 70 ℃, can kill most of fungal disease and Disease;
(4), on cultivating groove inner waterproofing cloth, fill up particle volume and be less than 1cm
3slag, then fill out the fermentation Asparagus slag of 18-20cm thickness, Asparagus slag and slag ratio are 1:1.5 by weight, and lay irrigate band 1-2 bar in stromal surface;
(5), tomato seeds soaks after 2 days water planting 20-25 days in husky base, the height of tomato seedling reaches 8cm and highly gets final product field planting;
(6) tomato seedling is pressed to spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification of line-spacing 30cm is planted in cultivating groove, every mu of 1800-2000 strain, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extract side shoot, flower and fruit thinning, is used the drip irrigation system being equipped with to implement liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, when Relative water content is less than 45% in good time, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation 5-8 minute, Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating;
(7) tomato growth period management, take and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main seedling stage, adopts low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, tomato plant height grows to 80-120cm, puts climingly, and should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
More than described green house height 2.5m, green house ventilating opening and door are installed fly net; Green house surrounding antecedent soil moisture, has drain ditch.
Described slag is the slag that coal-burning boiler produces, and it is the fritter of diameter 0.7-1.3cm that slag is pulverized; Fermentation Asparagus slag is to spray water to mushroom slag surface wettability, at normal temperatures pile fermentation 25-30 days after needle mushroom ground-slag is broken, tiling.
Described waterproof cloth width 1-2m.
The solid clay brick of cultivating groove edge is of a size of 240 * 120 * 60mm, at the edge of cultivating groove layer overlay solid clay brick, waterproof cloth is stretched and to cover solid clay brick piece upper surface to surrounding, then add 2 layers of solid clay brick waterproof cloth is compressed.
The described dropper system of step (6) adopts electronic suction pump or diesel engine to provide pressure irrigation water fertilizer nutrition liquid for power.
Described liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution and use as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate (3～7kg)+ammonium nitrate (2～6kg)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5～1.5kg)+magnesium sulfate (2～8kg)+boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+;
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime (8～20kg)+potassium nitrate (3～10kg)+boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+;
Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly, and suitably heighten the ratio of ammonium nitrate seedling stage, and fruiting period is suitably heightened the ratio of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
Cultivating groove of the present invention adopts the mode of partly burying, the input that can save in a large number material.The matrix of using is divided into 2 layers, all uses slags below earth's surface, and acrial part matrix is Asparagus slag, and this matrix has larger porosity, is conducive to moisture and the nutrient of breathing, expansion and the absorption bottom of root system.Matrix sterilization of the present invention adopts 70 ℃ of above high temperature sterilizations, and mainly killing object is masaic of tomato.Adopt method of the present invention cultivation tomato, reduced agriculture chemical usage amount and labour and dropped into, tomato yield, carbohydrate content and Vc content have had and have increased substantially, and this invention is practical, has good economic worth.
[embodiment]
Various embodiments of the present invention comprise the steps:
The design of cultivating groove: more than green house height 2.5m, green house ventilating opening and door are installed fly net; Green house surrounding antecedent soil moisture, has drain ditch.First in green house by land readjustment, and compacting compresses soil.Excavation cultivating groove, cultivating groove adopts the mode of partly burying, and under earth's surface, excavating depth is 20-30cm, the groove of wide 40-50cm, the length of groove is determined according to the concrete size in greenhouse; Between every adjacent 2 cultivating grooves, reserve the aisle of 50cm.In cultivating groove, spread waterproof cloth, waterproof cloth width 1-2m, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, fills up particle volume and be less than 1cm in waterproof cloth
3slag.At the edge of cultivating groove layer overlay solid clay brick, increase the height of groove, solid clay brick size: 240 * 120 * 60mm, stretches waterproof cloth to cover fragment of brick upper surface to surrounding, and adds 2 layers of solid clay brick again waterproof cloth is compressed.Expose that in the cultivating groove on earth's surface, to fill out thickness 18-20cm fermentation Asparagus slag be acrial part matrix, Asparagus slag and slag are 1:1.5 by weight proportion, and on matrix, lay irrigate band 1-2 bar.Afterwards in green house and the matrix sterilization that carries out disinfection; In the 6-7 month, carry out the sterilization of sick worm in greenhouse, once a year.Tomato seedling is selected high yield, disease-resistant, the even indeterminate growth type of fruit type tomato breeding, carries out soilless culture and grow seedlings before transplanting.
Example one:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and green house
Select high yield haw tomato variety ruby seed to soak 2 days, water planting 20-25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8cm and highly gets final product field planting.First in green house, according to every mu, use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust fully to mix and spread aisle, disinfecting time 12 hours.Again the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after door and ventilating opening, lights straw stifling 12 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth, after abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, in cultivating groove, matrix is after 70 ℃ of high temperature treatment 7-10 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification field planting of line-spacing 30cm, every mu of 2000 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly, and prevent that the nitrate of lime applying from being fixed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 3kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 10kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg+ of potassium sulfate 3.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g;
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 10kg+ potassium nitrate 6kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
4, tomato cultivation management
Take seedling stage and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main, adopt low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, about 100 days of tomato collecting time.In management process, tomato plant height grows to 80-120cm, puts climingly, reduces tomato acrial part branch height.
Example two:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and green house
Select the strong seed of high yield haw tomato variety Baily to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8cm and gets final product field planting.First in green house every mu use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust fully to mix to spread aisle, disinfecting time 15 hours.Again the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after door and ventilating opening, lights straw stifling 15 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
After abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, in cultivating groove, matrix is through 70 ℃ of high temperature treatment 7 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm in booth, the specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, every mu of 1800 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 12kg+ potassium nitrate 3kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 6kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 16kg+ potassium nitrate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
4, tomato cultivation management
Take seedling stage and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main, adopt low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, about 120 days of tomato collecting time.In management process, tomato plant height grows to about 100cm, puts climingly, reduces tomato acrial part branch height.
Example three:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and green house
Select the red Baily seed of high yield haw tomato variety to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8-10cm and gets final product field planting.First in green house, dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust are fully mixed and spread aisle, disinfecting time 24 hours; Again the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after door and ventilating opening, lights straw stifling 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
Booth is interior after abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, matrix is through 70 ℃ of high temperature treatment after 7 days in cultivating groove, by spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification field planting of line-spacing 30cm, every mu of 1800 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extract side shoot and extract in time sick fruit and fruit thinning, and fixing setting fruit position, preventing that branch from fractureing.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time is determined according to water content of substrate, is generally 5-8 minute, and adopting electronic suction pump is power; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of the pollution-free running water 5000kg+ of potassium sulfate 4.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 14kg+ potassium nitrate 5kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 400g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 14kg+ potassium nitrate 8kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 400g+EDTA700g+.
4, tomato cultivation management
After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on gray mold and pest control, adopt 60% carbendazol wettable powder to prevent and treat gray mold, tomato collecting time 100-120 days.In management process, tomato plant height grows to 90-110cm left and right, base portion tendril is coiled into annular and above matrix, puts climing.
Example four:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and green house
Select high yield haw tomato variety Bruno Canino seed to soak 1 day, water planting 25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8cm and gets final product field planting; First in green house, every mu, aisle use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture carry out disinfection, disinfecting time 24 hours; Again the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after door and ventilating opening, lights straw stifling 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
After abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, in cultivating groove, matrix is through 70 ℃ of left and right high temperature treatment after 8 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm in booth, the specification field planting of line-spacing 30cm, every mu of 2000 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b rotation are used, and prevent that nitrate of lime from being fixed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 4.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 6.5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 12kg+ potassium nitrate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 600g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg+ of potassium sulfate 6kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulphate 15g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g;
Nutrient solution b: nitrate of lime 10kg+ potassium nitrate 8kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 600g+EDTA700g.
4, tomato cultivation management
Take seedling stage and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main, adopt low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, the about 90-120 days of tomato collecting time.In management process, tomato plant height grows to 80-100cm, puts climingly, reduces tomato acrial part branch height.
Example five:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and booth
Select Steamed dumpling with pork，mushrooms and bamboo shoots tomato variety Hawaii seed to soak 2 days, water planting 25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8cm and highly gets final product field planting.First in green house, every mu, aisle use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture carry out disinfection, disinfecting time 12 hours; Again the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after door and ventilating opening, lights straw stifling 12 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
After abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, in cultivating groove, matrix is through 70 ℃ of high temperature treatment after 9 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm in booth, the specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, every mu of 1800 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 14kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 16kg+ potassium nitrate 7kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
4, tomato cultivation management
Take seedling stage and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main, adopt low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, about 100 days of tomato collecting time.In management process, tomato plant height grows to about 90cm, puts climingly, reduces tomato acrial part branch height.
Example six:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and green house
Select Steamed dumpling with pork，mushrooms and bamboo shoots tomato variety nova fifth-seeded to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of seedling reaches 8cm and highly gets final product field planting.When growing seedlings, in green house, every mu, aisle use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture carry out disinfection, disinfecting time 24 hours; And to sterilizing in booth: first the dry straw of 5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, place sulphur 1kg topmost, close after door and ventilating opening, light straw stifling 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
After abundant sterilization and disinsection is processed, in cultivating groove, matrix is through 70 ℃ of high temperature treatment after 9 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm in booth, the specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, every mu of 1800 strain left and right, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, tomato water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute; Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating.Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly; Should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) seedling stage, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution was as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 14kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutrient solution a: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 14g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
Nutrient solution b: the pollution-free running water 5000kg of nitrate of lime 16kg+ potassium nitrate 7kg+ boric acid 14g+ manganese sulphate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulphate 1g+ copper sulphate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+.
4, tomato cultivation management
Take seedling stage and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main, adopt low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, about 100 days of tomato collecting time.In management process, tomato plant height grows to about 90cm, puts climingly, reduces tomato acrial part branch height, after fruit is all gathered, tomato stubble is removed, away from the environmental treatment in greenhouse.In green house, in soilless culture cultivation and greenhouse, red soil cultivation effect contrasts in Table 1.
Claims (7)
1. a soilless culture method for tomato in greenhouse, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1). by the land readjustment in green house, and compacting compression soil, then adopt the partly mode of burying to excavate cultivating groove, cultivating groove excavating depth under earth's surface is 20-30cm, wide 40-50cm, the length of cultivating groove is determined according to the concrete size in greenhouse; Between every adjacent 2 cultivating grooves, reserve the aisle of 50cm, spread waterproof cloth in cultivating groove, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, spreads solid clay brick form the height that exposes earth's surface in the edge of cultivating groove;
(2). the sterilization that carries out disinfection in green house, after first fully mixing according to every mu of use dichlorvos 1kg and 5-10kg sawdust, spread surface, aisle, disinfecting time 12-24 hour; Again the dry straw of 4-5kg is layered on to ground, sawdust 5kg tiles above straw, places sulphur 1kg topmost, closes after green house door and ventilating opening, lights the stifling 12-24 hour of straw;
(3). to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of Asparagus slag and slag matrix, with film, respectively by matrix parcel, stack 7-10 days, during stacking, substrate temperature reaches 70 ℃, can kill most of fungal disease and Disease;
(4), on cultivating groove inner waterproofing cloth, fill up particle volume and be less than 1cm
3slag, then fill out the fermentation Asparagus slag of 18-20cm thickness, Asparagus slag and slag ratio are 1:1.5 by weight, and lay irrigate band 1-2 bar in stromal surface;
(5), tomato seeds soaks after 2 days water planting 20-25 days in husky base, the height of tomato seedling reaches 8cm and highly gets final product field planting;
(6) tomato seedling is pressed to spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification of line-spacing 30cm is planted in cultivating groove, every mu of 1800-2000 strain, and put up support, tomato adopts goes alone pruning technique, extract side shoot, flower and fruit thinning, is used the drip irrigation system being equipped with to implement liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, when Relative water content is less than 45% in good time, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation 5-8 minute, Relative water content is greater than 80% to be stopped irrigating;
(7) tomato growth period management, take and prevent and treat epidemic disease, virus disease as main seedling stage, adopts low-toxin farm chemicals control; After a month tomato starts to bear fruit, focus on powdery mildew and pest control, adopt biopesticide to carry out worm control, tomato plant height grows to 80-120cm, puts climingly, and should increase in right amount nitrogen application seedling stage, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
2. soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, more than green house height 2.5m, green house ventilating opening and door are installed fly net; Green house surrounding antecedent soil moisture, has drain ditch.
3. soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described slag is the slag that coal-burning boiler produces, and it is the fritter of diameter 0.7-1.3 cm that slag is pulverized; Fermentation Asparagus slag is to spray water to mushroom slag surface wettability, at normal temperatures pile fermentation 25-30 days after needle mushroom ground-slag is broken, tiling.
4. soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described waterproof cloth width 1-2m.
5. soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the solid clay brick of cultivating groove edge is of a size of 240 * 120 * 60mm, at the edge of cultivating groove layer overlay solid clay brick, waterproof cloth is stretched and to cover solid clay brick piece upper surface to surrounding, then add 2 layers of solid clay brick waterproof cloth is compressed.
6. soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described dropper system of step (6) adopts electronic suction pump or diesel engine to provide pressure irrigation water fertilizer nutrition liquid for power.
7. soilless culture method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution and use as follows:
Nutrient solution a: potassium sulfate (3～7kg)+ammonium nitrate (2～6kg)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5～1.5kg)+magnesium sulfate (2～8kg)+boric acid 15g+manganese sulphate 10g+ammonium molybdate 0.1g+zinc sulphate 1g+copper sulphate 0.4g+iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+pollution-free running water 5000kg;
Nutrient solution b: nitrate of lime (8～20kg)+potassium nitrate (3～10kg)+boric acid 15g+manganese sulphate 10g+ammonium molybdate 0.1g+zinc sulphate 1g+copper sulphate 0.4g+iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+pollution-free running water 5000kg;
Nutrient solution a and nutrient solution b are used alternatingly, and suitably heighten the ratio of ammonium nitrate seedling stage, and fruiting period is suitably heightened the ratio of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
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