CN111820117B - Planting method for organic greenhouse - Google Patents
Planting method for organic greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820117B CN111820117B CN202010763704.XA CN202010763704A CN111820117B CN 111820117 B CN111820117 B CN 111820117B CN 202010763704 A CN202010763704 A CN 202010763704A CN 111820117 B CN111820117 B CN 111820117B
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- greenhouse
- activated carbon
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- planting
- organic
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 207
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009267 Patrinia scabiosaefolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000868211 Patrinia scabiosifolia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004722 stifle Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 244000011358 Patrinia scabiosaefolia Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 4
- SFAYBQDGCKZKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N BNCC Chemical compound BNCC SFAYBQDGCKZKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000751139 Beauveria bassiana Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000176030 Nanna Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000003953 Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003040 Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of an organic greenhouse, which comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, and is characterized in that the closed greenhouse is used for cleaning the greenhouse before closing the greenhouse; watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is sealed; watering and then closing the greenhouse; this application makes the grass seeds germinate through watering, makes the grass dehydration die through stifle, reduces the use of manual work and weedicide, does not use the weedicide even to reach the purpose of organic planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of an organic greenhouse.
Background
In greenhouse planting, the time and labor for manual weeding are inevitably wasted along with the growth of grass, and the problem of phytotoxicity and soil environment pollution can occur when the herbicide is used for weeding, so that the problem of greenhouse weeding always troubles people.
At present, a weeding method which needs less labor and does not need to apply herbicide is not available.
In the greenhouse planting of vegetables, the use of inorganic fertilizers largely neglects the use of organic fertilizers in the past years, so that soil is acidified and hardened, the problem of salinization is also caused, the soil problem is serious, some greenhouses are not suitable for planting, and even if the greenhouses are planted reluctantly, the yield and the quality of obtained crops are low. In order to condition the soil of the greenhouse and recover the soil as soon as possible, a plurality of greenhouse owners adopt a greenhouse fallow and grass growing mode, hope that the soil can be recovered, however, the mode causes resource waste, the greenhouse needs to be rebuilt, and economic loss is brought to greenhouse growers.
At present, no method for planting greenhouse species with hardened acidification and serious salinization, which does not influence crop yield and even improves yield, or a method for recovering soil while planting, exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of an organic greenhouse, which solves the technical problems that 1) a greenhouse planting method which does not use herbicide and reduces artificial weeding is adopted; 2) the planting is carried out in a greenhouse which is not suitable for planting, so that the yield and the quality of crops are not reduced; 3) and (5) conditioning the soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
cleaning the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is sealed;
and (5) watering and then closing the shed.
The cleaning comprises one or two of removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia; the watering is to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 52 to 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field; and the greenhouse is closed 2-5 days after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting comprises raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the bulge is 20-100 cm in bulge width and 15-60 cm in bulge height;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 8-25 cm and the diameter of 5-20 cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 1-7 kg, and crops are planted in the matrix; the planting comprises transplanting or sowing; the drip irrigation is to drip droplets in the pit.
The substrate contains activated carbon, the activated carbon is a product of organic matters activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is more than 1.
The organic matter is one or more of turfy soil, humic acid, plant straw and mushroom residue.
Beneficial microorganisms are also included.
The beneficial microorganism is one or more of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa and electrogenic bacteria.
The beneficial microorganisms contain electrogenic bacteria.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed organic matters and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400-800 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 10-40 min to obtain an activated carbon crude product, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is more than 1, cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.0-7.0, and drying until the water content is less than 2% to obtain activated carbon, wherein the activated carbon can be directly used as a substrate; or the like, or, alternatively,
adding beneficial microorganisms into activated carbon, and mixing uniformly to obtain a matrix; or the like, or, alternatively,
uniformly mixing beneficial microorganisms, activated carbon and other substances to obtain a matrix;
the other substances are one or more of vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil, sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate.
The mass ratio of the organic matter to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.05-0.2; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 150-250 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 3-6%.
The mass ratio of the beneficial microorganisms to the activated carbon to other substances is 0.01-0.5: 5-99.5: 0-94.99.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the greenhouse is watered before the greenhouse is sealed, the water content of the soil reaches 52% -70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field, under the condition, the quick germination and growth of grass seeds on the ground surface are facilitated, the grass seeds on the ground surface germinate basically in 2-5 days, then the tender grass withers due to the high temperature of the sealed greenhouse, the greenhouse basically has no grass in the next growing season, the labor is saved, the herbicide does not need to be used, the purpose of better weeding can be achieved, and the greenhouse is favorable for being popularized in an organic greenhouse.
2. The cultivation mode of the semi-matrix is adopted, and the water storage and the disease occurrence can be reduced through the high-rise; by filling the matrix and using drip irrigation, the root system of the plant can be kept growing in the matrix as much as possible, and an environment suitable for the growth of the crop is created in the soil, so that the effect of planting in a greenhouse unsuitable for planting without reducing the yield and the quality of the crop is achieved. If the sprinkling irrigation and the flushing application are used, the root system of the plant has the water-to-fertilizer property, and then the soil can grow to be acidized and hardened and seriously salinized, thereby destroying the created environment suitable for the growth of the crops, influencing the growth of the root system of the plant and further influencing the yield and the quality of the crops.
3. According to the method, the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand in the finally obtained activated carbon is larger than 1 by adjusting the mass ratio of the zinc chloride to the organic matters, and the method is applied to the soil, so that the moisture of the soil can be well kept, the fertilizer cannot be excessively adsorbed, and the problem of unbalanced supply of the fertilizer and absorption of a plant root system can be relieved. According to the method, after the organic matters are activated by zinc chloride, the organic matters have high activity and are easily absorbed and utilized by plants, meanwhile, the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is greater than 1, a large amount of organic matters capable of being utilized by microorganisms are reserved, the survival of the microorganisms is guaranteed, and the method is favorable for exerting the effect of the microorganisms.
4. Organic matter is after the zinc chloride activation in this application, and the organic carbon that produces has better electric conductivity, adds electrogenesis fungus in this application, and the electric charge that can make electrogenesis fungus produce drives Ca2+、Mg2+And PO43-Prolong the movement of activated carbon and enlarge Ca2+、Mg2+And PO43-The moving range of the fertilizer is beneficial to the absorption of plant roots, and the excessive adsorption of activated carbon to the fertilizer can be relieved.
5. Adsorb fertilizer through activated carbon in this application, prevent that fertilizer from running off, can improve the mobility of activated carbon adsorption's fertilizer through the joining of electrogenesis fungus, prevent excessive absorption to improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer.
6. In the application, the activation temperature is selected to be 400-700 ℃, so that carbon can be better activated, the activity of organic matters is improved, and the loss of carbon can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed to enable the water content of the soil to reach 55% of the maximum water capacity of the field;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the ridge is 30cm in ridge width, 30cm in ridge height and 1200cm in ridge length;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 15cm and the diameter of 10cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 1.5kg, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 30cm, tomato seedlings are transplanted into the matrix, drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits, the variety of the tomatoes is Tianzheng red beads, the drip irrigation fertilizer is 19-19-19-2Ca water-soluble fertilizer, and the drip irrigation dilution multiple is 1000 times.
The substrate is activated carbon, the activated carbon is a product of humic acid activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.2.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed humic acid and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 20min, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 1.2 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.8, and drying until the water content is 1.5% to obtain activated carbon, namely a substrate;
the mass ratio of the humic acid to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.08; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 200 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 5 percent.
Example 2
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed to enable the water content of the soil to reach 55% of the maximum water capacity of the field;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the ridge is 30cm in ridge width, 30cm in ridge height and 1200cm in ridge length;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 15cm and the diameter of 10cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 1.5kg, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 30cm, tomato seedlings are transplanted into the matrix, drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits, the variety of the tomatoes is Tianzheng red beads, the drip irrigation fertilizer is 19-19-19-2Ca water-soluble fertilizer, and the drip irrigation dilution multiple is 1000 times.
The substrate is a composition of activated carbon and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 99.9:0.1, the activated carbon is a product of humic acid activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.2.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed humic acid and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 20min, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 1.2 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly washing with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.8, and drying until the water content is 1.5% to obtain activated carbon; adding bacillus subtilis into activated carbon, and uniformly mixing to obtain a matrix;
the mass ratio of the humic acid to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.08; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 200 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 5 percent.
The bacillus subtilis is purchased from China center for culture Collection of industrial microorganisms (CICC 10732).
Example 3
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed to enable the water content of the soil to reach 55% of the maximum water capacity of the field;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the ridge is 30cm in ridge width, 30cm in ridge height and 1200cm in ridge length;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 15cm and the diameter of 10cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 1.5kg, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 30cm, tomato seedlings are transplanted into the matrix, drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits, the variety of the tomatoes is Tianzheng red beads, the drip irrigation fertilizer is 19-19-19-2Ca water-soluble fertilizer, and the drip irrigation dilution multiple is 1000 times.
The substrate is a composition of activated carbon and electrogenic bacteria according to a mass ratio of 99.9:0.1, the activated carbon is a product of humic acid activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.2.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed humic acid and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 20min, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 1.2 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly washing with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.8, and drying until the water content is 1.5% to obtain activated carbon; adding electrogenic bacteria into activated carbon, and mixing to obtain matrix;
the mass ratio of the humic acid to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.08; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 200 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 5 percent.
The electrogenic bacteria are purchased from Nanna organisms and are numbered BNCC 209974.
Example 4
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 60 percent of the maximum water capacity of the field;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the bulge is 80cm in bulge width and 50cm in bulge height;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 20cm and the diameter of 15cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 4kg, the plant spacing between two adjacent pits is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, cucumber seedlings are transplanted into the matrix, and drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits.
The substrate is a composition of activated carbon, electrogenic bacteria and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 50:0.3:49.7, the activated carbon is a product of wheat straw activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.4.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed wheat straws and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 500 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating until the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 1.4 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.5, and drying until the water content is 1.8% to obtain activated carbon;
the mass ratio of the wheat straw to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.1; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 180 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid with the acid content of 4%.
Uniformly mixing electrogenic bacteria, activated carbon and vermiculite to obtain a matrix;
the electrogenic bacteria are purchased from Nabia, and are numbered as BNCC 199923.
Example 5
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
cleaning the patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before closing the greenhouse to enable the water content of the soil to reach 65% of the maximum field water capacity;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the ridge is 90cm in ridge width and 20cm in ridge height;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 10cm and the diameter of 15cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the filling amount of the matrix in each pit is 2kg, the plant spacing between two adjacent pits is 30cm, the line spacing is 45cm, and the watermelon seedlings are transplanted into the matrix, so that the drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits.
The matrix is a composition of activated carbon, peat and sand according to a mass ratio of 15:50: 35;
the activated carbon is a product of organic matters activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.1; the organic matter is a composition of turfy soil and rice straw according to a treatment ratio of 2: 7.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed organic matters and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating until the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 2.0 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.9, and drying until the water content is 1.2% to obtain activated carbon;
the mass ratio of the organic matter to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.15; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 250 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 6 percent.
And mixing the activated carbon, the peat and the sand uniformly to obtain the matrix.
Example 6
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before closing the greenhouse to enable the water content of the soil to reach 53 percent of the maximum water capacity of the field;
and (5) closing the shed on the 3 rd day after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the bulge is 25cm in bulge width and 40cm in bulge height;
the filling matrix is obtained by digging 12cm deep pits with a diameter of 8cm at the planting position, filling the matrix into the pits, wherein the matrix filling amount of each pit is 1.2kg, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 20cm, and sowing Chinese cabbage seeds into the matrix, so that drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits.
The substrate is a composition of activated carbon, electrogenic bacteria, beauveria bassiana and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 70:0.3:0.1:29.6, the activated carbon is a product of wheat straw and corn straw activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 1.4; wherein the mass ratio of the wheat straw to the corn straw is 5: 1.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed wheat straws, corn straws and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 650 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating until the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 1.6 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with deionized water until the pH value is 6.5, and drying until the moisture content is 0.8% to obtain activated carbon;
the mass ratio of the total amount of the wheat straws and the corn straws to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.15; the nitrogen gas is introduced at the speed of 190 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid with the acid content of 4%.
Uniformly mixing electrogenic bacteria, beauveria bassiana, activated carbon and vermiculite to obtain a matrix;
the electrogenic bacteria are purchased from Beinanbiota, the number is BNCC199923, and the beauveria bassiana is purchased from Hebei China bioengineering Co.
Example 7
A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, wherein the closed greenhouse is formed by the steps of,
removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia before shed closing;
watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is closed to enable the water content of the soil to reach 67% of the maximum field water capacity;
and (5) performing shed sealing after watering.
The planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting is raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the ridge is 40cm in ridge width and 45cm in ridge height;
the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 18cm and the diameter of 12cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 3kg, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 25cm, celery seeds are sowed in the matrix, and drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation belts are positioned above the pits and correspond to the pits.
The substrate is a composition of activated carbon and electrogenic bacteria according to a mass ratio of 99.9:0.08, the activated carbon is a product of furfural residues activated by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is 2.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: putting the weighed humic acid and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating until the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is 2.1 to obtain an activated carbon crude product, firstly cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.8, and drying until the water content is 1.5% to obtain activated carbon;
the mass ratio of the furfural residues to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.09; the nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 200 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 5 percent.
Adding electrogenic bacteria into activated carbon, and mixing to obtain matrix;
the electrogenic bacteria are purchased from Nabia, and are numbered as BNCC 199556.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below in conjunction with experimental data:
experiment one
Test material
1, materials and methods:
1.1 test site, Cheng Feng (tobacco pipe) agriculture science and technology Limited.
1.2 test detection: and detecting the carbon content.
1.3 test materials: the activated carbon prepared in comparative example 1 (the method for preparing the activated carbon was identical to the method for preparing the activated carbon in example 1 except that the activation temperature was 350 ℃), the activated carbon prepared in comparative example 2 (the method for preparing the activated carbon was identical to the method for preparing the activated carbon in example 1 except that the activation temperature was 900 ℃), and the activated carbon prepared in example 1.
1.4 Experimental methods:
and (3) detecting the carbon content by adopting a method for detecting the carbon content in NY 525-2012-organic fertilizer.
The experiment was conducted in a consistent manner except for the different experimental treatments.
2 results and analysis
The carbon content is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
| Carbon content (%) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 44.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 41.2 |
| Example 1 | 44.5 |
From the above data, it can be seen that when 900 ℃ is used as the activation temperature, carbon is lost.
Experiment two
1, materials and methods:
1.1 test site: sandeng (cigarette table) agricultural science and technology limited.
1.2 test detection: water content and N content.
1.3 test materials: comparative example 3 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.7), comparative example 4 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner as the activated carbon prepared in example 1 except that the mass ratio of humic acid to zinc chloride was 1:1, and the ratio of the chemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.2), comparative example 5 (the activated carbon was replaced with non-activated humic acid, and the preparation of the activated carbon was performed in the same manner as the substrate prepared in example 3), the substrate prepared in example 1, the substrate prepared in example 2, and the substrate prepared in example 3.
1.4 Experimental methods:
10g of matrix is taken, calcium nitrate solution with the content of 5% is used for leaching for 5 times, 25ml of calcium nitrate solution is used for leaching each time, distilled water is used for leaching for 5 times, 25ml of distilled water is used for leaching each time, standing is carried out for 24 hours, the calcium content is detected by using an atomic absorption method, the nitrogen content is detected by using a flame photometry method, and the water content is detected by using a vacuum oven method.
The experiment was conducted in a consistent manner except for the different experimental treatments.
2 results and analysis
Calcium content, nitrogen content, and water content are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
| Nitrogen content (%) | Calcium content (%) | Water content (%) | |
| Comparison 3 | 0.62 | 0.9 | 53.3 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.74 | 0.97 | 58.2 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.59 | 0.88 | 52.4 |
| Example 1 | 0.67 | 0.93 | 55.4 |
| Example 2 | 0.67 | 0.93 | 55.6 |
| Example 3 | 0.67 | 0.94 | 55.5 |
As can be seen from Table 2, whereas humic acid in the substrate prepared in comparative example 5 (except that the activated carbon was replaced with non-activated humic acid, the other preparation methods were all the same as those of the substrate of example 3), which was not activated, had the weakest water and fertilizer retention capacity, activated carbon prepared in comparative example 3 (except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon was 0.7, the other preparation methods were all the same as those of the activated carbon of example 1) had a slightly weaker water and fertilizer retention capacity, whereas activated carbon prepared in comparative example 4 (except that the mass ratio of humic acid to zinc chloride was 1:1 in the preparation of activated carbon, the other preparation methods were the same as those of the activated carbon of example 1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.2) had a higher content due to the addition of zinc chloride, which was excessively activated, and had the largest specific surface area, therefore, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is the best.
Experiment three
1, materials and methods:
1.1 test site: in the greenhouse for the tomato to be learnt in Taiji province, the soil is brown soil, the available phosphorus is 110mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 160mg/kg, the pH value is 5.8, and the organic matter is 1.02 percent.
1.2 test detection: averaging the tomato yield, the sugar content, the calcium content and the vitamin C content, and observing the weed growth condition in the whole growing season, wherein the calcium content and the vitamin C content are the contents in each 100g of cherry tomatoes; and detecting the soil condition of the non-planted area.
1.3 test materials: comparative example 3 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.7), comparative example 4 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner as the activated carbon prepared in example 1 except that the mass ratio of humic acid to zinc chloride was 1:1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.2), and comparative example 5 (the activated carbon was prepared in the same manner as in example 3 except that the activated carbon was replaced with non-activated humic acid), the substrate prepared in example 1, the substrate prepared in example 2, and the substrate prepared in example 3, wherein 2 parts of the substrate prepared in example 3 was prepared.
1.4 Experimental methods:
comparative example 3 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.7) and comparative example 4 (the activated carbon prepared in example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of humic acid to zinc chloride was 1:1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand was 0.2), the substrate prepared in comparative example 5 (the substrates prepared in example 2 were prepared in the same manner as in example 3 except that the activated carbon was replaced with non-activated humic acid), the substrate prepared in example 1, and the substrate prepared in example 2 were planted in the same manner as in example 1, wherein 1 part of the substrate prepared in example 3 was planted in the same manner as in example 3, and the other part was planted conventionally (except that water was not applied before the greenhouse was sealed, the other planting methods were identical to those in example 3), 6 colonies per treatment experiment were planted, and 40 plants were planted per colony.
The experiment was conducted in a consistent manner except for the different experimental treatments.
2 results and analysis
The yield, sugar content, calcium content, vitamin C content and the growth of weeds in the growing season are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
| Yield (kg/mu) | Sugar degree (Brix) | Calcium content (mg/100 g) | Vitamin C content (mg/100 g) | Growth of weeds | |
| Comparison 3 | 3879.6 | 12.6 | 6.8 | 34.3 | Substantially free of weeds |
| Comparative example 4 | 3796.5 | 12.5 | 6.7 | 33.9 | Substantially free of weeds |
| Comparative example 5 | 3789.6 | 12.5 | 6.6 | 33.7 | Substantially free of weeds |
| Example 1 | 4018.9 | 12.7 | 7.2 | 34.5 | Substantially free of weeds |
| Example 2 | 4027.3 | 12.7 | 7.2 | 34.6 | Substantially free of weeds |
| Example 3 | 4103.6 | 13 | 7.5 | 35.7 | Substantially free of weeds |
| General of | 4076.7 | 12.8 | 7.4 | 35.6 | The weeds are more and need to be cleaned |
As can be seen from table 3, in comparison with comparative example 3 (except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand is 0.7, other preparation methods are all consistent with example 1), and comparative example 4 (except that the mass ratio of humic acid to zinc chloride in the matrix is 1:1, other preparation methods are all consistent with example 1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand is detected to be 0.2), the tomato yield can be remarkably improved, the tomato quality can be improved, especially in the aspect of calcium absorption, the absorption of calcium can be promoted, and the utilization rate of calcium can be improved.
Compare with conventional planting by embodiment 3, can see that, this application waters before through stifled canopy, makes soil water content reach 55% of the biggest water-holding capacity in field, stifled canopy after three days, can play the effect of weeding well, can reduce artifical and the use of weedicide, is favorable to promoting in organic big-arch shelter.
From comparison of the data of comparative example 5 (except that the activated carbon is replaced by the non-activated humic acid, the other preparation methods are the same as those of example 3), example 1, example 2 and example 3, it can be seen that the electrogenic bacteria and the activated carbon can play a role in superposing effects, so that the yield and the crop quality are further improved, and particularly in the aspect of calcium absorption, the calcium absorption can be promoted, and the utilization rate of calcium is improved.
From experimental data of comparison 3 (except that the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand is 0.7, other preparation methods are consistent with those of example 1) and comparison 4 (except that the mass ratio of the humic acid to the zinc chloride in the matrix is 1:1, other preparation methods are consistent with those of example 1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand is 0.2) in tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that comparison 4 (except that the mass ratio of the humic acid to the zinc chloride in the matrix is 1:1, other preparation methods are consistent with those of example 1, and the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand is 0.2) has good water and fertilizer retention capacity, but shows that the fertilizer has no obvious effect of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer on crops, namely calcium, and can show strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and can possibly cause excessive constraint to the fertilizer to influence the utilization rate.
Example 1 soil testing conditions are shown in Table 4
| Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | Organic matter (%) | pH | |
| Example 1 | 97 | 142 | 1.05 | 5.9 |
It can be seen from the data of example 1 that the soil can be recovered by itself on the basis of not delaying planting, soil salinization is reduced, organic matters and pH value in the soil are improved, and effective phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are reduced because of watering before greenhouse closing, and salt is leached.
Claims (9)
1. A planting method of an organic greenhouse comprises a closed greenhouse and planting, and is characterized in that the closed greenhouse is formed by cleaning the greenhouse before closing the greenhouse; watering the greenhouse before the greenhouse is sealed; watering and then closing the greenhouse;
the planting adopts semi-matrix planting; the semi-matrix planting comprises raising, matrix filling and drip irrigation;
the bulge is 20-100 cm in bulge width and 15-60 cm in bulge height; the filling matrix is pits with the depth of 8-30 cm and the diameter of 5-20 cm dug at the planting position, the matrix is filled in the pits, the amount of the matrix filled in each pit is 1-7 kg, and crops are planted in the matrix; the planting comprises transplanting or sowing; the drip irrigation is to make liquid drops drop in the pit; the matrix contains activated carbon, and the activated carbon is a product of activating organic matters by zinc chloride under the protection of nitrogen; the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand to the chemical oxygen demand in the activated carbon is greater than 1; the organic matter is one or more of turfy soil, humic acid, plant straw and mushroom residue;
the mass ratio of the organic matter to the zinc chloride is 1: 0.05-0.2;
the activation temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the activation time is 10-40 min.
2. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning comprises one or both of removing weeds and cleaning patrinia scabiosaefolia; the watering is to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 52 to 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field; and the greenhouse is closed 2-5 days after watering.
3. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate further comprises beneficial microorganisms.
4. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are one or more of Trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus polymyxa and electrogenic bacteria.
5. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, wherein the beneficial microorganisms comprise electrogenic bacteria.
6. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, wherein the preparation method of the substrate is carried out according to the following steps: putting the weighed organic matters and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400-800 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 10-40 min to obtain an activated carbon crude product, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is more than 1, cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.0-7.0, and drying until the water content is less than 2% to obtain activated carbon, wherein the activated carbon can be directly used as a substrate; or adding beneficial microorganisms into activated carbon, and mixing to obtain matrix; or mixing beneficial microorganism, activated carbon and other substances to obtain matrix; the other substances are one or more of vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil, sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate.
7. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the substrate is carried out according to the following steps: putting the weighed organic matters and zinc chloride into distilled water, stirring, drying, putting into a high-temperature activation furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400-800 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, activating for 10-40 min to obtain an activated carbon crude product, detecting that the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand is more than 1, cleaning with dilute acid, then washing with distilled water or deionized water until the pH value is 6.0-7.0, and drying until the water content is less than 2% to obtain activated carbon, wherein the activated carbon can be directly used as a substrate; or adding beneficial microorganisms into activated carbon, and mixing to obtain matrix; or mixing beneficial microorganism, activated carbon and other substances to obtain matrix; the other substances are one or more of vermiculite, perlite, turfy soil, sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate.
8. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nitrogen gas is introduced at a rate of 150-250 ml/min; the dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid with the acid content of 3-6%.
9. The planting method of the organic greenhouse as claimed in any one of claims 4, 5 and 7, wherein the mass ratio of the beneficial microorganisms, the activated carbon and other substances is 0.01-0.5: 5-99.5: 0-94.99.
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