CN108934651A - A kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934651A CN108934651A CN201810756989.7A CN201810756989A CN108934651A CN 108934651 A CN108934651 A CN 108934651A CN 201810756989 A CN201810756989 A CN 201810756989A CN 108934651 A CN108934651 A CN 108934651A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control methods of facility watermelon, comprising the following steps: 1) seed selection and nursery；2) seedbed management；3) prepare before close plastic shed；4) lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed；5) it is colonized；6) field management；7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: soil disinfection can effectively prevent harm of the soil-borne disease to watermelon；It is melon vulnerable to aphid damage, utilize natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia to control aphid；8) it harvests: being harvested in time according to watermelon natural maturity degree.Method of the invention cooperates high temperature close plastic shed using organic fertilizer and lime nitrogen, pesticide is replaced to kill the pests such as aphid using natural enemy insect, soil disinfection, pollution-free control insect pest and safe and efficient yield, the quality for improving watermelon can be carried out while abundant decomposed manure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to facility diseases and pests of agronomic crop Control Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of efficient pest and disease damage of facility watermelon
Preventing control method.
Background technique
The watermelon melon and fruit one of important as the world, in good taste, full of nutrition, cultivation period is short, input-output ratio
Higher, the advantages that the effect of increasing income is significant, be a kind of melon and fruit salable, cultivated watermelons have become using planting industry as main economic
The vast farmers in source fast implement one of the effective way increased income.Currently, as agricultural development and agricultural structure adjustment are excellent
To change, facility growth of watermelon area constantly expands, but unreasonable use pesticide, fertilizer, and multiple crop index increases, and it is single to devote exclusive attention to output,
Physicochemical character, the microflora balance of soil are destroyed, Soil-sickness Problem occurs in protecting field, and pest and disease damage occurs seriously, to make
It even has no harvest, can't regain one's original capital at a large amount of underproduction of watermelon.So promoting high-quality, safe, standardized watermelon production is high-efficiency agriculture
The inevitable choice of development is the needs for ensureing farmers' income, consumer's health, is that efficient, high added value agricultural is pushed to produce
The needs of industryization development.
Watermelon blight is one of the Major Diseases for causing the watermelon underproduction, is soil-borne disease, and disease incidence is high, prevention and treatment is difficult.
Growth of watermelon insect pest is based on the harm such as aphid, and not only figure is small, is not easy to find, drug resistance is also relatively strong, and aphid point
Secrete nectar dew, easily generation sooty mould, reduce leaf photosynthesis, also generate and seriously affect to watermelon appearance, make yield, quality
It reduces.Using pesticide, the pest small for this kind of figure, not only effect is general, also easily it is made to develop drug resistance, and increases prevention and treatment
Difficulty.A kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon is also failed at present, traditional pest control method limits west
Melon industry development, low output, poor quality are unfavorable for being mass produced.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control methods of facility watermelon, and it is anti-to break traditional pest and disease damage
Method is controlled, using organic fertilizer, lime nitrogen cooperation high temperature close plastic shed and natural enemy insect pest control, the political affairs for responding country's weight-reducing, subtracting medicine
Plan increases bio-diversity, while improving melon yield, quality, preserves the ecological environment, and reduces production cost, and realization can be held
Supervention exhibition.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon, comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection and nursery: selecting the variety of watermelon of resistance, contains the warm water into 55~60 DEG C in seed soaking container, will plant
Son is poured into container and is stirred continuously, and water temperature is made to be down to 25~30 DEG C, is impregnated 3~4 hours under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C；It has soaked seed
At rear taking-up seed, dry in the air surface moisture, is wrapped with wet cloth, sprouted under conditions of 30 DEG C -33 DEG C through 2-3 days；It is ready to educate
Sabot after prepared matrix water spray is pressed bunch planting kind, a grain germination seed is broadcast among every cave, cover leech by seedling hole tray and matrix
Stone is flushed with pocket, is then sprinkled profoundly water, and one layer of mulch film moisture-keeping is covered；
2) seedbed management: not taking off film before emergence, is kept for 28~35 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night seedbed daytime；When 80% melon
After seedling is unearthed, film is taken off, cooling of leaking informaton prevents seedling excessive growth；
3) prepare before close plastic shed: nursery simultaneously, carries out the finishing of field soil, withered in the facility field that a upper season has been harvested
Branch, residual leaf, weeds processing are clean, smooth chesson；
4) lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed: field planting first 20~30 days (being preferably colonized first 25 days), summer high temperature is chosen, sunlight fills
The period of foot, organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in canopy, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 7000~8000kghm-2, then in organic fertilizer
Surface sprinkles lime nitrogen, and the dosage of the lime nitrogen is 700~800kghm-2, uniformly organic fertilizer and lime nitrogen are turned over
It in ground, then pours water greenhouse, water-retaining quantity among field of soil is made to reach 100%, then cover thin film, film surrounding pressure
Tightly, air port is closed, closed greenhouse opens film after 20~22 days, open air port, be aerated, and sufficiently dries 5~7 days (preferably
It is to open film after 20 days, opens air port, be aerated, sufficiently sunning 5 days or so)；
5) be colonized: by above-mentioned steps 1) in watermelon seedling, be colonized in lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed and the soil that dried determined
In plant hole, one layer of soil is covered, root water is watered with；
6) field management: destroying disease leaf, residual leaf in time, carries out top dressing, mu respectively after watermelon blooms pollination and after bearing fruit
High 15~the 25kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer of sulfuric acid type is applied, Sui Shuichong is applied；
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: soil disinfection can effectively prevent harm of the soil-borne disease to watermelon；It is melon to endanger vulnerable to aphid
Evil controls aphid using natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia；
8) it harvests: being harvested in time according to watermelon natural maturity degree.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme, the temperature into 3 times of seed volumes is contained in the seed soaking container in step 1)
Water.
Organic fertilizer described in step 4) includes human and animal excreta, stalk, any one or arbitrary proportion in Chinese medicine tea grounds
Two or more, or other commercially available organic fertilizer, total nutrient >=5% of the organic fertilizer, organic matter >=45%.
Further preferably, the dosage of organic fertilizer described in step 4) is 7500kghm-2, then on the surface of organic fertilizer
Lime nitrogen is sprinkled, the dosage of the lime nitrogen is 750kghm-2。
The each amount of application of the high nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer of sulfuric acid type described in step 6) is 20kg/ mus.
In field aphid early period of origination, i.e., the process that natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia control aphid is utilized described in step 7) is
14~21d discharges harmonia axyridia ovum card before peak period, and burst size is 100 cards/667m2, method for releasing: harmonia axyridia ovum card is hanged
It hangs over aphid to cause harm near sites, apart from ground a distance (apart from 10~20cm of ground, preventing ant feeding), so as to larva
After hatching can feeding as early as possible, at dusk or early morning release, avoid noon high temperature influence hatching.
The present invention prevents and treats soil-borne disease insect pest using the method for soil disinfection, and the method for the soil disinfection is that summer high temperature is bored
Canopy, using solar-powered thermal disinfection and sterilization, due to applying organic fertilizer in advance and pouring water in treatment process, ground moistening, temperature are high
Microbial respiratory is very vigorous, and under overlay film sealing condition, oxygen is gradually used up in soil, is in anoxic reducing condition, makes mostly
The aerobic pathogen of number is dead under anoxic and hot conditions.Organic fertilizer is used cooperatively with lime nitrogen, can play mutual promotion
Effect: organic fertilizer itself discharge heat it is lower, speed is slow, be not easy completely it is decomposed, can using the heating power of the high temperature close plastic shed sun
It is completely decomposed, it is while space-saving in order to avoid not decomposed organic fertilizer becomes the breeding ground of pathogen, worm's ovum, save the time, space at
This；The heat of the decomposed release of organic fertilizer is whole to promote the soil moisture in conjunction with the heat that close plastic shed generates, efficiently kill pathogen,
Worm's ovum.Using lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed, cyanogen ammonia is generated during being decomposed into nitrogen in the soil due to it, it can be raw to nocuousness
Object is killed, and is reduced subterranean pest-insect harm, the generation that can inhibit nematode is used for a long time, and can inhibit the growth of weeds, mitigates
Soil acidification.Lime nitrogen is used as agrochemical, it have improvement soil texture, improve quality of agricultural product and improve yield,
Many advantages, such as breaking continuous cropping obstacle, compared with chloropicrin and bromomethane soil sterilants be it is a kind of it is efficient, safe and pollution-free,
The multi-functional fertilizer of noresidue.Institute in this approach, not only can control field pest and disease damage, break continuous cropping obstacle, can also pacify
Entirely, crop yield and quality are efficiently improved.
Green prevention and control technology using the natural enemy insects pest control such as ladybug, Predatory Mites starts to apply, but many peasant households pair
It is not known about in the use operating procedure of natural enemy insect product, lacks use experience, fail large-scale popularization application.The present invention provides
A kind of process of harmonia axyridia control aphid effective in detail, is conducive to the technology for promoting natural enemy insect pest control.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention provides a kind of efficient method for facility watermelon pest and disease damage prevention and control, and method is simple, cost is relatively low, easily
In popularization, the sustainable development of agricultural modernization is realized in effective increasing both production and income.
(2) manure use of the present invention and lime nitrogen compounding application carry out high temperature close plastic shed, increase ground temperature using sun heating power
Effectively kill Spores and worm's ovum, grass seeds, can not only complete decomposed manure, reduce Planting risk, and low cost carries out
Soil disinfection prevents and treats pest and disease damage.
(3) present invention prevents and treats aphid damage using natural enemy insect, and subsequent zero uses pesticide, guarantees that the natural green of watermelon is strong
Health, mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, and yield, quality are improved, and increases bio-diversity simultaneously, reduces pesticide, fertilizer application amount, prevents environment
Pollution.
Specific embodiment:
The efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of 1 facility watermelon of embodiment
1) seed selection and nursery: selecting the variety of watermelon of resistance, (early good 8424) are contained in seed soaking container into 3 times of seeds
55~60 DEG C of warm water of volume, seed is poured into container and is stirred continuously, so that water temperature is down to 30 DEG C or so, in this temperature
It is impregnated 3~4 hours in water.Seed is taken out after the completion of seed soaking, dry in the air surface moisture, is wrapped with clean wet cloth, at 30 DEG C -33 DEG C
Under conditions of through 2-3 days sprout.Seedling culture hole plate and matrix are got out, by sabot after prepared matrix sprinkling suitable quantity of water, presses cave
Depth 1cm or so, a grain germination seed is broadcast among every cave, and covering vermiculite flushes with pocket, then sprinkles profoundly water, cover one layer of mulch
Moisturizing.
2) seedbed management: not taking off film as emergence is previous, is kept for 28~35 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night seedbed daytime；When 80%
Melon seedling be unearthed after, film can be taken off, cooling of leaking informaton prevents seedling excessive growth.
3) prepare before close plastic shed: nursery simultaneously, carries out the finishing of field soil, withered in the facility field that a upper season has been harvested
Branch, residual leaf, weeds processing are clean, smooth chesson.
4) lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed: being colonized first 25 days, selection summer high temperature, sun-drenched period, uniform in canopy
Spread fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer (purchased from Nantong Huinong biological organic fertilizer Co., Ltd), dosage 7500kghm-2, total nutrient >=5% is organic
Matter >=45%.The surface of organic fertilizer sprinkles lime nitrogen (purchased from Darong Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Ningxia), dosage 750kg
hm-2, uniformly organic fertilizer and lime nitrogen are turned over in ground, then pours water greenhouse, reach water-retaining quantity among field of soil
100%.Then covering thin film, surrounding are compressed with soil block, close air port, closed greenhouse.Film is opened after 20 days, opens wind
Mouthful, it is aerated, sufficiently sunning 5 days or so.
5) be colonized: by above-mentioned steps 1) in watermelon seedling, be colonized in the planting pit of the soil dried after lime nitrogen close plastic shed
In, one layer of soil is covered, root water is watered with.
6) field management: destroying disease leaf, residual leaf in time, carries out top dressing, mu respectively after watermelon blooms pollination and after bearing fruit
High nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg of sulfuric acid type or so is applied, Sui Shuichong is applied.
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: soil disinfection effectively prevents harm of the soil-borne diseases such as wilt disease to watermelon.It is melon vulnerable to
Aphid damage, aphid generate sooty mould caused by a large amount of honeydews, seriously affect yield and quality.Utilize natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia
Control aphid is safe, green preventing control method novel at present, in field aphid early period of origination, i.e. 18~20d before peak period
Harmonia axyridia ovum card is discharged, burst size is 100 cards/667m2, method for releasing: harmonia axyridia ovum card is suspended on aphid and is caused harm portion
Near position, apart from ground a distance (apart from 10~20cm of ground, preventing ant feeding), so as to can be as early as possible after larvae hatch
Feeding avoids noon high temperature from influencing hatching in dusk or early morning release.
8) it harvests: being harvested in time according to watermelon natural maturity degree.
1 conventional facilities watermelon pest and disease damage preventing control method of comparative example
1) seed selection and nursery: selecting the variety of watermelon of resistance, (early good 8424) are contained in seed soaking container into 3 times of seeds
55~60 DEG C of warm water of volume, seed is poured into container and is stirred continuously, so that water temperature is down to 30 DEG C or so, in this temperature
It is impregnated 3~4 hours in water.Seed is taken out after the completion of seed soaking, dry in the air surface moisture, is wrapped with clean wet cloth, at 30 DEG C -33 DEG C
Under conditions of through 2-3 days sprout.Seedling culture hole plate and matrix are got out, by sabot after prepared matrix sprinkling suitable quantity of water, presses cave
Depth 1cm or so, a grain germination seed is broadcast among every cave, and covering vermiculite flushes with pocket, then sprinkles profoundly water, cover one layer of mulch
Moisturizing.
2) seedbed management: not taking off film as emergence is previous, is kept for 28~35 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night seedbed daytime；When 80%
Melon seedling be unearthed after, film can be taken off, cooling of leaking informaton prevents seedling excessive growth.
3) soil prepares in canopy before planting: nursery simultaneously, carried out the finishing of field soil, the facility field that a upper season has been harvested
Deadwood, residual leaf, weeds processing in ground is clean, smooth chesson.
4) basal dressing: first 7 days of field planting uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer (purchased from the limited public affairs of Nantong Huinong biological organic fertilizer in canopy
Department), dosage 7500kghm-2, total nutrient >=5%, organic matter >=45%.Uniformly organic fertilizer is turned over in ground.
5) be colonized: by above-mentioned steps 1) in watermelon seedling, be colonized in the planting pit of soil, cover one layer of soil, be watered with
Root water.
6) field management: destroying disease leaf, residual leaf in time, carries out top dressing, mu respectively after watermelon blooms pollination and after bearing fruit
High nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg of sulfuric acid type or so is applied, Sui Shuichong is applied.
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: desinsection is sprayed using pesticide such as matrine, carbosulfan etc..
8) it harvests: being harvested in time according to watermelon natural maturity degree.
Influence of the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of [embodiment 2] facility watermelon to the yield of watermelon
1, materials and methods
1.1 test materials: the soil in protected field of continuous cropping watermelon at selection two, soil types are Huang gang soil, contain organic matter
9.45g/kg, full nitrogen 0.67g/kg, available phosphorus 55.85mg/kg, available potassium 133.65mg/kg, soil pH 5.6.For trying watermelon
Kind: early good 8424, it is bred as by Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences.Lime nitrogen is purchased from Darong Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Ningxia；Organic fertilizer is purchased from
Nantong Huinong's biological organic fertilizer Co., Ltd provides, total nutrient >=5%, organic matter >=45%.
1.2 experimental designs: the traditional pest control method (comparative example 1) of greenhouse use at one, number 1.Traditional watermelon
Pest control method: Major Diseases wilt disease prevents and treats once occurring without effective ways, or even total crop failure.Major Pests aphid
Once occurring, takes more and spray desinsection using pesticide such as matrine, carbosulfan etc..Greenhouse uses the height of embodiment 1 at one
Effect pest and disease damage preventing control method, number 2.
1.3 measuring methods: every harvesting is primary, crosses title statistical weight, and grab sample measures single fruit fruit weight, and pericarp is thick, every time
3 repetitions are taken, average value is finally calculated.
2, result and analysis
Influence of the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of table 1 to the yield of watermelon
As shown in Table 1, the watermelon planted out after being handled using efficient pest control method, fruit shape is big, single fruit weight, due to
Lime nitrogen and organic fertilizer cooperation carry out soil disinfection, make to occur serious and the wilt disease of the underproduction is caused to significantly reduce, total output is bright
It is high after aobvious more conventional pest and disease damage preventing control method processing, illustrate that efficient pest control method can significantly reduce pest and disease damage harm,
Improve watermelon fruit shape, improves yield.
Influence of the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of [embodiment 3] facility watermelon to quality of watermelon
1, materials and methods
1.1 test materials: the soil in protected field of continuous cropping watermelon at selection two, with embodiment 2.
1.2 experimental designs: with embodiment 2.
1.3 measuring methods: ascorbic content is used using 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol colorimetric method for determining, center sugar and edge sugar
Saccharimeter measurement, soluble protein use Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
2, result and analysis
Influence of the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of table 2 to quality of watermelon
As shown in Table 2, watermelon is planted using efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method, due to hardly using pesticide, using natural enemy
Insect biological control insect pest effectively inhibits its development in aphid early period of origination, pollutes watermelon from sooty mould, quality of watermelon
There is very big promotion, mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, full of nutrition, green and healthy.
The efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of [embodiment 4] facility watermelon prevents and treats watermelon aphid
1, materials and methods
1.1 test materials: with embodiment 2.
1.2 experimental designs: with embodiment 2.
1.3 measuring methods: the 5th, 9,13,17,21 day after release ovum card, according to 5 point samplings, every takes 0.5m*0.5m
Sample prescription, count every sample prescription Aphed population, be averaged, and listed make marks.
2, result and analysis
Each number of days aphid number variation after the different preventing control method processing of table 3
As shown in Table 3, using common pest control method, low-toxin farm chemicals are applied, although can control at first 9 days or so
Aphis population quantity, but since the 13rd day, Aphed population is continuously increased, and can not effectively be controlled.Use efficient pest and disease damage prevention and control
Method discharges harmonia axyridia ovum card, although hatching successively due to ovum card within 9 days in front, control efficiency does not have Pesticide use to found pole to see
Shadow, but at the 13rd day, Aphed population significantly reduces, and starts at the 17th day, Aphed population 0, safely, effectively controls aphid danger
Evil.
The efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of [embodiment 5] facility watermelon prevents and treats watermelon blight
1, materials and methods
1.1 test materials: with embodiment 2.
1.2 experimental designs: with embodiment 2.
1.3 measuring methods:
1.3.1 control time and method
Field investigation wilt disease average onset situation, disease incidence before watermelon harvests.According to 5 point samplings, every takes 1m*1m
Sample prescription, count sample prescription in total strain number, fall ill strain number, incidence.
1.3.2 severity Scaling standard
Disease investigation standard when watermelon blight severity Scaling canonical reference Jiangsu Province's variety of watermelon is authorized.0 grade: growth
Normally；1 grade: blade or vines are wilted, and wilting area from bottom to top accounts for the 1/4 of complete stool or less than 1/4, and melon and fruit growth is normal；2
Grade: blade or vines wilting area from bottom to top account for the 1/2 of complete stool, have the gluey amber mucus of resin in vines or have a lateral bine
It wilts withered, melon and fruit surface is slightly faded；3 grades: blade or vines wilting area from bottom to top account for the 3/4 of complete stool, there is resin glue
The amber mucus of shape, complete stool shortened internodes, melon, which reduces, wilts；4 grades: the climing death of all wilting of the leaf of diseased plant.Meanwhile according to watermelon
The general performances such as plant strain growth, fruit size determine that plant normal, early ageing, fruit shape are small etc..
1.3.3 state of an illness calculation method
Disease index=Σ (each disease grade morbidity strain number × typical value at different levels)/(investigation total strain number × morbidity superlative degree represents
Value) × 100
Disease incidence (%)=morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number × 100%
2, result and analysis
Control efficiency of the different preventing control methods of table 4 to watermelon blight
As shown in Table 4, due to long-term kind of the plot of selection watermelon, cause soil continuous cropping obstacle problem serious, traditional watermelon
Implantation methods, without lime nitrogen, organic fertilizer high temperature close plastic shed to soil disinfection, watermelon blight severe disease, disease incidence is higher, plant
Early ageing is showed, a large amount of underproduction are caused.Efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method be before watermelon field planting, using the not canopy phase, using lime nitrogen,
Organic fertilizer cooperates high temperature close plastic shed, kills pathogen, spore, ruderal species, worm's ovum etc. in soil, controls the soil-borne diseases such as wilt disease,
Preventive effect is up to 100%.
In conclusion combination lime nitrogen, the organic fertilizer of the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method creativeness of facility watermelon of the invention
High temperature close plastic shed soil disinfection method and natural enemy insect kill the green prevention and control method of pest, and integrated control pest and disease damage is free from environmental pollution
Meanwhile a series of problems caused by continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon is effectively solved, and on the basis of increasing both production and income, quality of watermelon is improved, it is real
Existing watermelon industry Green Sustainable.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection and nursery: selecting the variety of watermelon of resistance, contains the warm water into 55~60 DEG C in seed soaking container, seed is fallen
Enter in container and be stirred continuously, water temperature is made to be down to 25~30 DEG C, is impregnated 3~4 hours under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C；After the completion of seed soaking
Seed is taken out, dry in the air surface moisture, is wrapped with wet cloth, sprouted under conditions of 30 DEG C -33 DEG C through 2-3 days；Get out nursery cave
Sabot after prepared matrix water spray is pressed bunch planting kind by disk and matrix, broadcasts a grain germination seed among every cave, covering vermiculite with
Pocket flushes, and then sprinkles profoundly water, and covers one layer of mulch film moisture-keeping；
2) seedbed management: not taking off film before emergence, is kept for 28~35 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night seedbed daytime；When 80% melon seedling goes out
After soil, film is taken off, cooling of leaking informaton prevents seedling excessive growth；
3) prepare before close plastic shed: nursery simultaneously, carry out the finishing of field soil, the deadwood in facility field that a upper season has been harvested,
Residual leaf, weeds processing are clean, smooth chesson；
4) lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed: summer high temperature, sun-drenched period are chosen in first 20~30 days of field planting, and spreading fertilizer over the fields in canopy has
Machine fertilizer, the dosage of the organic fertilizer are 7000~8000kghm-2, then lime nitrogen, the stone are sprinkled on the surface of organic fertilizer
The dosage of grey nitrogen is 700~800kghm-2, uniformly organic fertilizer and lime nitrogen are turned over in ground, then greenhouse is filled
Water makes water-retaining quantity among field of soil reach 100%, then covers thin film, and film surrounding compresses, closing air port, closed greenhouse,
Film is opened after 20~22 days, air port is opened, is aerated, and is sufficiently dried 5~7 days；
5) be colonized: by above-mentioned steps 1) in watermelon seedling, the planting pit of soil for being colonized in lime nitrogen high temperature close plastic shed and drying
In, one layer of soil is covered, root water is watered with；
6) field management: destroying disease leaf, residual leaf in time, carries out top dressing respectively after watermelon blooms pollination and after bearing fruit, mu applies sulphur
Acid type high 15~25kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, Sui Shuichong are applied；
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: soil disinfection can effectively prevent harm of the soil-borne disease to watermelon；It is melon vulnerable to aphid damage, benefit
Aphid is controlled with natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia；
8) it harvests: being harvested in time according to watermelon natural maturity degree.
2. the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step 1)
Seed soaking container in contain the warm water into 3 times of seed volumes.
3. the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step 4)
Organic fertilizer include human and animal excreta, stalk, any one or arbitrary proportion in Chinese medicine tea grounds it is two or more, the organic fertilizer it is total
Nutrient >=5%, organic matter >=45%.
4. the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: have described in step 4)
The dosage of machine fertilizer is 7500kghm-2, lime nitrogen then is sprinkled on the surface of organic fertilizer, the dosage of the lime nitrogen is
750kg·hm-2。
5. the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sulphur described in step 6)
The each amount of application of the high nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer of acid type is 20kg/ mus.
6. the efficient pest and disease damage preventing control method of facility watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: benefit described in step 7)
Process with natural enemy insect harmonia axyridia control aphid is in field aphid early period of origination, i.e., 14~21d release is different before peak period
Color Ladybird egg card, burst size are 100 cards/667m2, method for releasing: being suspended on aphid for harmonia axyridia ovum card and cause harm near sites,
Apart from ground a distance, so as to after larvae hatch can feeding as early as possible avoid noon high temperature from influencing at dusk or early morning release
Hatching.
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| CN111480529A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 河南柏裕植物免疫科技有限公司 | Planting method for enhancing disease-resistant immunity of watermelons |
| CN111820117A (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2020-10-27 | 晟丰(烟台)农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for organic greenhouse |
| CN114586615A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Resistance induction method for watermelon seedling aphids |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN109479430A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of soil improvement method reducing facility continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
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| CN111480529A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 河南柏裕植物免疫科技有限公司 | Planting method for enhancing disease-resistant immunity of watermelons |
| CN111820117A (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2020-10-27 | 晟丰(烟台)农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for organic greenhouse |
| CN111820117B (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2022-04-29 | 烟台天晟农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for organic greenhouse |
| CN114586615A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Resistance induction method for watermelon seedling aphids |
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