CN209546436U - A kind of overwintering stubble tomato solar greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of overwintering stubble tomato heliogreenhouses, including greenhouse body and ground, several row high ridges are set along east-west direction on the ground, high ridge ridge top is laid with drip irrigation zone, width 60cm under high ridge, along going to fixed cable is provided with right above every row high ridge in the greenhouse body, several hanging tendril ropes are vertically arranged in fixed cable, several hanging tendril ropes are set in qually spaced in parallel right above every row high ridge.Using single ridge uniline trickle irrigation cultivation mode, plantation density is relatively reasonable, tomato Spatial Structure Optimization, and illumination rate improves, and disease incidence reduces.Especially in winter under the conditions of long-term haze snow mist calamitous climate, well developed root system and more low temperature resistant injury, plant growing way are strong；There are also weedings, the effect of reflective and wet down for two-sided mulch all standing；Trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral, water-saving fertilizer-saving.

Description

A kind of overwintering stubble tomato solar greenhouse

technical field

The utility model relates to solar greenhouse technology, in particular to a solar greenhouse for overwintering stubble tomatoes.

Background technique

At present, the solar greenhouse is still the main type of facility for cultivating vegetables in northern my country, and the stubble arrangement is mainly a one-crop cultivation for overwintering or a two-crop cultivation mode of "autumn winter-winter spring". In the production of solar greenhouses, when a large crop of tomatoes is cultivated over the winter, small high-bed cultivation is usually carried out in the form of plot preparation. One row has two rows, and shallow furrows are set between the furrows, covered with white plastic film. The form of flood irrigation is conducive to reducing the relative humidity of indoor air. In addition, implement "herringbone" hanging vine rope.

However, with the rapid development of protected vegetable production, it was discovered that there are major problems in overwintering large-crop cultivation: First, the ground temperature is low in winter in the "dark irrigation under mulch" mode, especially due to the adverse effects of continuous smog, fog and snow. Tomatoes are not well rooted, which seriously affects the growth and development of the plants, causing greater losses; or the "ridge and half slope colonization" mode adopts drip irrigation and watering, which is prone to the problem of water droplets flushing the ridge and exposed roots, or "one row of double row colonization- The "single pipe drip irrigation" mode is likely to cause problems such as insufficient water droplets. The second is that ordinary film mulching requires a lot of labor to remove weeds, which does not meet the practical needs of farmers for simplicity. The third is the implementation of wide and narrow row cultivation and "herringbone" hanging vine ropes, which makes the upper space of tomatoes unreasonable. Fourth, compared with drip irrigation, "dark irrigation under mulch" also has the problems of lower ground temperature and low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Therefore, how to solve these practical problems and promote the sustainable development of overwintering tomato crops in solar greenhouses has become a production problem that needs to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and promote the sustainable development of overwintering tomato crops in a solar greenhouse, the utility model provides a solar greenhouse for wintering crop tomatoes.

The technical scheme of the utility model is: a solar greenhouse for overwintering tomatoes, including a greenhouse main body and a foundation. Several rows of east-west high ridges are arranged on the foundation, and drip irrigation belts are laid on the top of the high ridges. The width of the high ridges is 60 cm. The main body of the greenhouse is provided with fixed cables along the row direction directly above each row of high ridges, and several hanging vine ropes are vertically arranged on the fixed cables, and several hanging vine ropes are arranged in parallel and equally spaced directly above each row of high ridges.

Further, the width below the high ridge is 60 cm, the height is 25 cm, the distance between the tops of adjacent high ridges is 100 cm, and a furrow is arranged between adjacent high ridges, and the width of the furrow is 40 cm.

Further, the drip irrigation belt, high ridges and furrows are covered with a silver-black double film, and the silver-black double film includes a silver film surface and a black film surface arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

Further, a single drip irrigation belt is laid on the top of each row of high ridges.

Further, a number of drip irrigation holes are provided in the drip irrigation belt, the drip irrigation holes are set to 5 holes, and the hole distance of the drip pipe holes is 25cm.

Further, a planting hole was set on the high ridge at the dropper hole for cultivating tomato seedlings, and the planting density was 2400 plants/667m ² .

Further, the seedling outlet is set on the silver-black double-layer film just above the planting hole.

Further, the fixed cable is iron wire.

The beneficial effects that the utility model produces are:

(1) It can effectively solve the problem that the current solar greenhouse overwintering tomato "under-mulch irrigation" mode is likely to cause low ground temperature in cold seasons, and the "ridge half-slope colonization" mode uses drip irrigation to easily cause water droplets to wash the ridge and expose the roots. The "planting-single tube drip irrigation" mode is likely to cause practical production problems such as insufficient water droplets, and "herringbone" hanging vine ropes that make the upper part of the plant less transparent.

(2) The single-row single-row drip irrigation cultivation mode is adopted, the planting density is more reasonable, the tomato space structure is optimized, the light rate is increased, and the incidence of diseases is reduced.

(3) Especially under the climatic conditions of long-term smog and snow mist disasters in winter, the root system is well developed and more resistant to low temperature damage, and the plants grow stronger; full coverage of double-sided plastic film also has the functions of weeding, light reflection and dehumidification; drip irrigation, water and fertilizer integration, water saving Save fat.

(4) Compared with the control of "two rows in one row, dark irrigation under mulch" mode, the ground temperature of 10cm of soil increased by 2°C to 3°C, the root volume of tomato plants increased by 20% to 30%; the relative humidity of indoor air decreased by about 20% , the incidence of gray mold of tomato is reduced by 10% to 30%; tomatoes can be marketed in the morning for 5 to 7 days, and the yield can be increased by 15% to 20%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the split schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present utility model;

In the figure: 1. Main body of the greenhouse; 2. Foundation; 3. High ridge; 4. Drip irrigation belt; 5. Fixed cable; 6. Hanging vine rope; 7. Silver and black double mask; . Drip irrigation hole; 11. Rice seedling outlet.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in detail.

Embodiment one

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a kind of overwintering tomato solar greenhouse includes a greenhouse main body 1 and a foundation 2. Several rows of high ridges 3 are arranged along the east-west direction on the foundation 2, and drip irrigation belts 4 are laid on the top of the high ridges 3 ridges. The main body of the greenhouse 1 is provided with fixed cables 5 along the row direction directly above the high ridges 3 of each row, and several hanging vine ropes 6 are vertically arranged on the fixed cables 5, and several hanging vine ropes 6 are arranged on the high ridges of each row at equal intervals. 3 is directly above.

Described fixing cable 5 can be used iron wire, also can use other materials certainly, as long as it is convenient to fix hanging vine rope 6 and does not affect the growth of tomato.

The hanging vine rope 6 can be a nylon rope or a grass rope, as long as it is convenient for the plant stem to be wound on the hanging vine rope 6, and the grass rope is more economical and environmentally friendly.

The usage mode of this embodiment is as follows: when overwintering a large crop of cultivated tomatoes, the tomato plants are planted in the planting holes 9 of several rows of high ridges 3; When 30cm is high, the plant will be wrapped with the hanging vine rope 6, and along with the growth of the plant, the plant stem is wound on the hanging vine rope 6. When the top of the tomato plant grows to the fixed cable 5 above, put the vines (falling vines) in time, about 50cm each time.

Compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: it solves the actual production problems such as the "herringbone" hanging vine rope 6 making the light transmission of the upper part of the plant worse, and vertically setting the "flat" hanging vine rope 6 makes the main body of the greenhouse 1 Provide as much outside light as possible for the plants.

Especially under the climate conditions of long-term smog and snow mist disasters in winter, the root system is well developed and more resistant to low temperature damage, and the plants grow strong.

Embodiment two

On the basis of Embodiment 1, the lower width of the high ridge 3 is 60 cm, the height is 25 cm, the distance between the tops of the adjacent high ridges 3 is 100 cm, and a furrow 8 is arranged between the adjacent high ridges 3, and the width of the furrow 8 is 40 cm.

Compared with the above-mentioned embodiment, in this embodiment, the distance between adjacent high ridges 3 is optimized, the illumination rate is improved, and the incidence of diseases is reduced.

Embodiment three

On the basis of the above embodiments, the drip irrigation belt 4, the high ridges 3 and the furrows 8 are covered with a silver-black double-layer film 7, and the silver-black double-layer film 7 includes a silver film surface and a black film surface arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Silver film side up, black film side down.

Compared with the above-described embodiment, the present embodiment: the silver-black double-membrane film 7 fully covers the drip irrigation belt 4, the high ridge 3 and the furrow 8, the silver film surface is reflective, and the black film surface has the functions of weeding, reflection and dehumidification.

The method of drip irrigation under the silver and black double film on the high ridge top can effectively solve the problem that the current solar greenhouse overwintering tomato "dark irrigation under the film" mode easily causes low ground temperature in cold seasons.

Embodiment four

On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, a single drip irrigation belt 4 is laid on the top of each row of high ridges and 3 ridges.

Drip irrigation tape 4 can be selected to buy on the market.

Compared with the above-mentioned embodiment, this embodiment adopts the single-row single-row drip irrigation cultivation mode, the drip irrigation water and fertilizer are integrated, the water and fertilizer are in place, the tomato seedlings are fully watered, and the incidence of diseases is reduced.

Embodiment five

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the drip irrigation belt 4 is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes 10, the drip irrigation holes 10 are set to 5 holes, and the hole distance of the drip pipe holes is 25 cm.

Compared with the foregoing embodiment, the present embodiment: the number of drip irrigation holes 10 is not less than one. According to the number of tomato seedlings, the dropper holes are set to 5 holes. When some holes of the dropper holes are blocked, other holes can be used. It does not affect watering, and after many tests, the hole spacing of 25cm is the best, saving water and fertilizer.

Embodiment six

On the basis of the above embodiments, planting holes 9 are opened on the high ridge 3 at the dropper hole, and the planting holes 9 are used for cultivating tomato seedlings with a planting density of 2400 plants/667m ² .

Compared with the traditional way of laying pipes and planting seedlings, in this embodiment: after many tests, the water from the dropper hole flows into the tomato seedlings in the nearest planting hole 9, and it is not easy for water droplets to flush the ridges and expose the roots, and the planting density is more reasonable , The spatial structure of tomato is optimized, the light rate is increased, and the incidence of diseases is reduced.

Embodiment seven

On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the rice shoot outlet 11 is set on the silver-black double-layer film 7 just above the planting hole 9 . Facilitate the growth of tomato seedlings.

This example works as follows:

Make east-west high ridges: use "single ridge, single row" high ridge 3, drip irrigation under plastic film to prepare the land and make furrows. After fertilization and plowing, only build high ridge 3, high ridge 3 lower width 60cm, height 25cm, high ridge 3 ridge top spacing 100cm, furrow 8 wide 40cm.

Laying of drip irrigation belts: 3 per high ridge and 1 single drip irrigation belt 4 on top of 3 high ridges. The distance between the drip irrigation holes 10 is 25cm, and the drip irrigation holes 10 are set to 5 holes. Tomato seedlings need to be planted in the planting holes 9 near the drip irrigation holes 10, the spacing between the plants is 25cm, and the planting density is 2400 plants/667m ² .

After slowing down the seedlings, cover the high ridge 3 and the furrow 8 with a silver-black double film 7, with the silver side facing up and the black side facing down, and the high ridge 3 and the furrow 8 need to be covered. At the corresponding place of the tomato seedlings, open a small opening on the silver-black double mask 7 and take out the tomato seedlings, and the silver-black double mask 7 is close to the ground.

Water and fertilizer were drip-irrigated under mulch. Open the drip irrigation system as required, pay attention to observe and adjust the distance between the drip irrigation belt 4, the eyelet 10 and the seedlings.

Hanging vine rope: adopt single ridge and single row hanging vine rope 6, when the plant grows to 30cm high, nylon rope can be used as hanging vine rope 6 in time to hang vine and wrap seedlings, and as the plant grows, the stem is wound on the hanging rope. When the top of the plant grows close to the iron wire above, put the vines (falling vines) in time, about 50cm each time.

This embodiment solves the problem of "planting on ridges and half slopes" and adopts drip irrigation to easily cause water droplets to flush ridges and expose roots. The planting density is more reasonable, the spatial structure of tomatoes is optimized, the light rate is increased, and the incidence of diseases is reduced.

Compared with the control of "two rows in one row, irrigation in dark ditch under mulch", the ground temperature of 10cm of soil increased by 2°C to 3°C, and the root volume of tomato plants increased by 20% to 30%; the relative humidity of indoor air decreased by about 20%, and tomato botrytis The incidence rate is reduced by 10% to 30%. Tomatoes can be marketed 5 to 7 days earlier, and the yield can be increased by 15% to 20%.

The basic principles and main features of the present utility model and the advantages of the present utility model have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model The new model also has various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A tomato solar greenhouse for overwintering, comprising a greenhouse main body and a foundation, characterized in that: several rows of high ridges are set along the east-west direction on the foundation, and drip irrigation belts are laid on the top of the high ridges, and each row of high ridges is placed in the main body of the greenhouse. Fixed cables are arranged along the row direction directly above, and several hanging vine ropes are arranged vertically on the fixed cables, and several hanging vine ropes are arranged in parallel and equidistantly just above the high ridges of each row. 2. A kind of overwintering tomato solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width under the high ridge is 60cm, the height is 25cm, the distance between the tops of adjacent high ridges is 100cm, and furrows are arranged between adjacent high ridges. 40cm wide. 3. A kind of overwintering tomato solar greenhouse according to claim 2, characterized in that: drip irrigation belts, high ridges and furrows are covered with silver-black double-layer films, and the silver-black double-layer films include silver-colored layers arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Film face and black film face. 4. A kind of overwintering tomato solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: a single drip irrigation belt is laid on the top of each row of high ridges. 5. A solar greenhouse for overwintering tomato plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drip irrigation belt is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes, the drip irrigation holes are set to 5 holes, and the distance between the dripper holes is 25 cm. 6. A solar greenhouse for overwintering tomato plants according to claim 5, characterized in that planting holes are set on the high ridges at the dropper holes for cultivating tomato seedlings, and the planting density is 2400 plants/667m ² . 7. A solar greenhouse for overwintering tomatoes according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: a seedling outlet is set on the silver-black double-layer film directly above the planting hole. 8 . The solar greenhouse for overwintering tomatoes according to claim 7 , wherein the fixed cables are iron wires.