CN103960037B - The alternating method of a kind of clover and awnless brome - Google Patents
The alternating method of a kind of clover and awnless brome Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960037B CN103960037B CN201410232740.8A CN201410232740A CN103960037B CN 103960037 B CN103960037 B CN 103960037B CN 201410232740 A CN201410232740 A CN 201410232740A CN 103960037 B CN103960037 B CN 103960037B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural planting technique field, disclose especially the alternating method of a kind of clover and awnless brome. The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, comprises the steps: after 5～6 years, to turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, and then turns over plantation awnless brome, repeats crop rotation. The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: improve output and the soil fertility of unit are high quality forage by the mode of crop rotation, improve soil physical and chemical property; The root nodule of clover can also be fixed the nitrogen in atmosphere, improve soil fertility, the so just corresponding minimizing dose of energy, reduce the input of artificial and chemical fertilizer, fertilizers input also can reduce the plantation of next round awnless brome time, increase the output of awnless brome, land utilization ratio and per mu yield are improved further, increased economic benefit.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting technique field, particularly the alternating method of a kind of clover and awnless brome.
(2) background technology
Clover (Medicagosativa) is that pulse family clover belongs to herbaceos perennial, have " King of Pasture "Good reputation. Clover strong stress resistance, distributes wide, and cultivated area is large, and output is high, quality better, and good palatability,Economic worth is high. Clover happiness is warm, partial desiccation, semi-humid weather conditions and dry loose, draining is goodAnd high calcareous soil, planting area annual precipitation is with 600mm～800mm optimum. Clover is wanted soilAsk not tight, except the soil of the lean sandy soil of soil, the extreme poverty of too glutinous weight or peracid or mistake alkali, can grow. WithChina grassland ecology and recover and the continuous lifting of the deepening constantly of environmental protection, alfalfa industry degree, lucerneMu cultivated area, in continuous increase, is ended 2012, and clover reaches more than 370 ten thousand hectares in the cultivated area of China,It is the forage seeds of the at present tool application and popularization value of China.
Awnless brome (Bromusinermis) is herbaceos perennial, tool horizontal walk root-like stock, in ChinaHeilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Gansu,All there is extensive distribution the provinces and regions such as Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, are 1000m～3500m mountain region grassGrassland, pasture advantage grass seeds. Awnless brome strong adaptability, is suitable for cold dry weather, suitable growth temperatureThe area of 20 DEG C～26 3 DEG C of DEG C, year sammings～10 DEG C, annual precipitation 400mm～500mm. Awnless brome isGood forage, is of high nutritive value, and output is large, and good palatability utilizes season long, cold-resistant drought-enduring, resistance to herding,All have introducing and planting all over the world, it is not tight to the requirement of soil, suitable the good and fertile loam of draining,Glutinous loam growth, but the not soil of strong alkali-acid resistance and salt-soda soil.
In plantation, clover utilizes mainly as protein fodder grass at present, and plantation for many years can improve soilEarth fertility, but clover exists from toxic action, the meadow of Planting Medicago sativa can not be planted continuously, and this has just causedSoil can not be used appropriately, and land utilization ratio is low, deficiency in economic performance.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of soil physical and chemical property, raising soil of improvingEarth fertility, minimizing dose, land utilization ratio and high, good in economic efficiency clover and the awnless brome of per mu yieldAlternating method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An alternating method for clover and awnless brome, comprises the steps: awnless brome plantation 5～6 yearsAfter turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, and then turn over plantation awnless brome, repeat crop rotation.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover plantation: awnless brome plantation after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in mid or late September and turn over, first will be on the groundPart cradle in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughed depthMore than 20cm;
(I-b) weeding: after turning over by ground airing 9～11 days, the seed in soil to be remained in or root systemGrow after sprouting, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days and the last ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, bagClothing seed is pressed the application rate of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant earthingSuppression; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, dose is 10kg/ mu or uses urea, crosses phosphorusThe mixing fertilizer that acid calcium, potassium sulfate mix, the wherein percentage by weight of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P >=25%, percentage by weight >=10% of K, dose is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time that clover is longWhile going out ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, the amount of spraying is every mu with the clean 120ml of lucerne grass, Quizalotop-ethylAfter fully mixing, 100ml and water 30kg spray; The time that sprays for the second time, while being height of seedling 15～20cm, spraysThe amount of executing is to spray after every mu fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, executes calcium superphosphate and sulphur after irrigationAcid potassium, the dose of calcium superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the dose of potassium sulfate be 15kg/ mu or use urea,The mixing fertilizer that calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, the wherein weight percent of percentage by weight >=8% of N, PPercentage by weight >=10% of ratio >=25%, K, dose is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is manyInferior;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over again plantation awnless brome in clover plantation5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid or late September and turn over, first aerial part is cradled in advance, make lucerneMu toothing 5～10cm, then ploughs deeply alfalfa ground, more than ploughed depth 30cm;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 9-11 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in are longGo out after sprouting, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(plantation of the awnless brome of II-c): sow in mid or late May, the naked seed of awnless brome by 1.5～The application rate of 2kg/ mu, the mode of employing drilling, seed level 1～2cm, line-spacing 20～30cm sows,Instant suppression of soil; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, dose is respectively:Nitrogenous fertilizer 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester and removeGrass, the amount of spraying is every mu with 2, after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix, spraysExecute;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling at every turn timely Nitrogen Top Dressing (exampleAs urea), dose is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3～4 years, and with rake cutting rhizome, loose soil layer, improves grassGround soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, awnless brome resultsNumber of times is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) next implementedThe crop rotation of wheel clover and awnless brome.
(concrete grammar of turning in I-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, then adopt rotary tillageMachine rotary tillage 2 times, then adopts spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed, and treats that soil dries in the airShine after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
Step (in I-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml,Be watered 15～20kg even spraying.
Step (in I-b), the consumption of paraquat used is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml,Be watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
(concrete grammar of turning in II-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, then adopt rotary tillageMachine rotary tillage 2 times, then adopts spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed, and treats that soil dries in the airShine after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
(II-a) middle clover cradles and turned over before clover initial bloom stage step.
Step (in II-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml,Be watered 15～20kg even spraying.
Step (in II-b), the consumption of paraquat used is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml,Be watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
The beneficial effect of the alternating method of clover of the present invention and awnless brome is: the mode by crop rotation improves listOutput and the soil fertility of the long-pending high quality forage of plane, adopt the alternately mode of plantation of clover and awnless brome, profitProvide a large amount of organic substances with the root nodule of clover prosperity for soil, and can from deep subsoil, draw calcium element,Can also reduce phosphate, the phosphate after decomposing is retained in arable layer, after decomposition, form organic colloid,Organic colloid can make soil form stable granule, thereby improves soil physical and chemical property; The root nodule of clover can alsoNitrogen in fixing atmosphere, has improved soil fertility, so just can corresponding minimizing dose, reduce manually withThe input of chemical fertilizer, also can reduce the next round awnless brome fertilizers input in when plantation, increased awnless bromeOutput, improves land utilization ratio and per mu yield further, has increased economic benefit.
(4) detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, comprised the steps: in awnless brome plantation after 5～6 yearsTurn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, and then turn over plantation awnless brome, repeat crop rotation. Except the present invention withBeyond lower alternating method, the kind of the implantation methods of all the other clovers and awnless brome and conventional clover and awnless bromeMethod for planting is identical.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover plantation: awnless brome plantation after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in mid-September and turn over, first by overground partPoint cradle in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then utilize Cultivator by awnless brome plough deeply,Ploughed depth is more than 20cm, because plantation awnless brome meadow fibrous root prosperity for many years mainly concentrates on tableLayer soil 10～20cm place and root system and soil are solid closely, and the concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag(model 1BZ-2.5) harrows 2 times deeply, then adopt rotary cultivator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, object be byThe root system chopping of awnless brome, then adopts spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed,After soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(I-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 10 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in growAfter sprouting, spray glyphosate the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of glyphosate is: use 30% gyphosate solution for every mu150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, dressingSeed is pressed the application rate of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant earthing townPress; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, dose is 10kg/ mu or uses urea, peroxophosphoric acidThe mixing fertilizer that calcium, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P,Percentage by weight >=10% of K, dose is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time that clover is longWhile going out ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, the amount of spraying is every mu with the clean 120ml of lucerne grass, Quizalotop-ethylAfter fully mixing, 100ml and water 30kg spray; The time that sprays for the second time, while being height of seedling 15～20cm, spraysThe amount of executing is to spray after every mu fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, executes phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer after irrigation,The dose of phosphate fertilizer is 25kg/ mu, and the dose of potash fertilizer is 15kg/ mu or uses urea, calcium superphosphate, sulphurThe mixing fertilizer that acid potassium mixes, wherein percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, KPercentage by weight >=10%, dose is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is manyInferior;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over again plantation awnless brome in clover plantation5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid-September before clover initial bloom stage and turn over, by aerial part first firstRow cradles, and makes clover toothing 5～10cm, then utilizes Cultivator that alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, ploughed depth 30cmTo cut off clover root system, because plantation alfalfa grasslands main root prosperity for many years, main root length can reach 40cm aboveAbove; The concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, then adoptRotary cultivator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, then adopts spike-tooth harrow by the root system and ground stayed in soilPart rake removes, and after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hugs grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 10 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in growAfter sprouting, spray glyphosate the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of glyphosate is: use 30% gyphosate solution for every mu150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying;
(II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in mid-May, the naked seed of awnless brome is by 1.5～2kg/The application rate of mu, the mode of employing drilling, seed level 1～2cm, line-spacing 20～30cm sows,Time suppression of soil; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, dose is respectively: nitrogenFertile 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: awnless brome sowing current growth is slow, is subject to weeds harm, and sowing will be noted thenMeaning weeding, can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester and carry out weeding when weeds are many, spraysAmount, for every mu of ground is with 2, sprays after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, impose in time urea at every turn,Dose is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3 years half, and underground rhizome is easily formed hard cotton-shaped turf,Cause that soil surface is solid, ventilation and water penetration is bad, organic matter decomposition slowly, grass yield declines, and is to protectHold grass yield, cut rhizome with disc harrow, loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenationRejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, awnless brome resultsNumber of times is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) next implementedThe crop rotation of wheel clover and awnless brome.
Embodiment 2:
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, comprised the steps: in awnless brome plantation after 5～6 yearsTurn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, and then turn over plantation awnless brome, repeat crop rotation. Except the present invention withBeyond lower alternating method, the kind of the implantation methods of all the other clovers and awnless brome and conventional clover and awnless bromeMethod for planting is identical.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover plantation: awnless brome plantation after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in late September and turn over, first by overground partPoint cradle in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then utilize Cultivator by awnless brome plough deeply,Ploughed depth is more than 20cm, because plantation awnless brome meadow fibrous root prosperity for many years mainly concentrates on tableLayer soil 10～20cm place and root system and soil are solid closely, and the concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag(model 1BZ-2.5) harrows 2 times deeply, then adopt rotary cultivator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, object be byThe root system chopping of awnless brome, then adopts spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed,After soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(I-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 11 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in growAfter sprouting, spray paraquat the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of paraquat is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the last ten-days period in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, dressingSeed is pressed the application rate of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant earthing townPress; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, dose is 10kg/ mu or uses urea, peroxophosphoric acidThe mixing fertilizer that calcium, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P,Percentage by weight >=10% of K, dose is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time that clover is longWhile going out ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, the amount of spraying is every mu with the clean 120ml of lucerne grass, Quizalotop-ethylAfter fully mixing, 100ml and water 30kg spray; The time that sprays for the second time, while being height of seedling 15～20cm, spraysThe amount of executing is to spray after every mu fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, executes calcium superphosphate and sulphur after irrigationAcid potassium, the dose of calcium superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the dose of potassium sulfate be 15kg/ mu or use urea,The mixing fertilizer that calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, the wherein weight percent of percentage by weight >=8% of N, PPercentage by weight >=10% of ratio >=25%, K, dose is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is manyInferior;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over again plantation awnless brome in clover plantation5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(II-a) turn over: carried out clover and turn over before late September clover initial bloom stage, by aerial part first firstRow cradles, and makes clover toothing 5～10cm, then utilizes Cultivator that alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, ploughed depth 30cmTo cut off clover root system, because plantation alfalfa grasslands main root prosperity for many years, main root length can reach 40cm aboveAbove; The concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, then adoptRotary cultivator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, then adopts spike-tooth harrow by the root system and ground stayed in soilPart rake removes, and after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hugs grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 11 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in growAfter sprouting, spray paraquat the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of paraquat is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying;
(II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in late May, the naked seed of awnless brome is by 1.5～2kg/The application rate of mu, the mode of employing drilling, seed level 1～2cm, line-spacing 20～30cm sows,Time suppression of soil; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, dose is respectively: nitrogenFertile 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: awnless brome sowing current growth is slow, is subject to weeds harm, and sowing will be noted thenMeaning weeding, can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester and carry out weeding when weeds are many, spraysAmount, for every mu of ground is with 2, sprays after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, impose in time urea at every turn,Dose is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 4 years, and underground rhizome is easily formed hard cotton-shaped turf, causesMake that soil surface is solid, ventilation and water penetration is bad, organic matter decomposition slowly, grass yield declines, and is to keepGrass yield, cuts rhizome with disc harrow, and loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation multipleStrong;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, awnless brome resultsNumber of times is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) next implementedThe crop rotation of wheel clover and awnless brome.
Implementation result:
Tradition is only planted in the pattern of clover, plants between 1～5 year, and per mu yield clover is 400 kilograms, with per kilogram2 yuan of meters, every per mu yield value is 800 yuan, plants 5～10 years, per mu yield is on average only 160 kilograms, every per mu yield valueIt is 320 yuan; Tradition is only planted in the pattern of awnless brome, plants between 1～5 year, and per mu yield awnless brome is 300Kilogram, in 1.5 yuan of per kilograms, every per mu yield value is 450 yuan, and plantation is more than 5～10 years, and per mu yield is average150～180 kilograms, every per mu yield value is 225～270 yuan.
Adopt after the alternating method plantation of clover of the present invention and awnless brome, can effectively improve unit are soilTotal output value. Between alternating method 10 years because grass family and leguminous forage make effect, unit are soil mutuallyTotal output value can reach 1400 yuan/mu, with 10 years independent Planting Medicago sativas or awnless brome unit are soilTotal output value compare, 1120 yuan/mu of clovers, 700 yuan/mu of awnless bromes, economic benefit improves respectively 25%With 100%. Because dropping into for many years one year, perennial grass tool utilizes deduction land area of one unit yearAll 220 yuan of incidentals (agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, fuels and energy, hired laborer etc.), clover, awnless brome, awnless bromeThree kinds of/clover crop rotations utilize under mode, and every mu of net benefits is respectively 900 yuan, and 480 yuan, 1180 yuan.
Claims (8)
1. an alternating method for clover and awnless brome, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: without awns sparrowWheat seeds are planted after 5～6 years and are turned over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, and then turn over plantation awnless brome, repeatCrop rotation; Specifically comprise the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover plantation: awnless brome plantation after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in mid or late September and turn over, first by overground partPoint cradle in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughed depth isMore than 20cm;
(I-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 9-11 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in growAfter sprouting, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days and the last ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, dressingSeed is pressed the application rate of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, in time earthing townPress; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, dose is 10kg/ mu or uses urea, peroxophosphoric acidThe mixing fertilizer that calcium, potassium sulfate mix, the wherein percentage by weight of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P>=25%, percentage by weight >=10% of K, dose is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time that clover is longWhile going out 3～4/of ground 3～5cm or branches, the amount of spraying is every mu with the clean 120ml of lucerne grass, smart quinoline standing grainAfter fully mixing, spirit 100ml and water 30kg spray; The time that sprays is for the second time while being height of seedling 15～20cm,The amount of spraying is to spray after every mu fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kgExecute;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, executes calcium superphosphate and sulphur after irrigationAcid potassium, the dose of calcium superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the dose of potassium sulfate be 15kg/ mu or use urea,The mixing fertilizer that calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, the wherein weight hundred of percentage by weight >=8% of N, PPercentage by weight >=10% of proportion by subtraction >=25%, K, dose is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is for repeatedly;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over again plantation awnless brome in clover plantation5～6 years, concrete grammar was:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid or late September and turn over, first aerial part is cradled in advance, make cloverToothing 5～10cm, then ploughs deeply alfalfa ground, more than ploughed depth 30cm;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over,, by ground airing 9～11 days, seed or root system in soil to be remained in are longGo out after sprouting, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in mid or late May, the naked seed of awnless brome is by 1.5～2kg/The application rate of mu, the mode of employing drilling, seed level 1～2cm, line-spacing 20～30cm sows, and covers in timeSoil suppression; When sowing, use urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate in furrow, dose is respectively:Urea 10～20kg/ mu, calcium superphosphate 5～10kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, spray 2,4-D butyl ester and carry out weeding,The amount of spraying be every mu with 2, after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix, spray;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, impose in time urea at every turn,Dose is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3～4 years, and with rake cutting rhizome, loose soil layer, improves grassGround soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, awnless brome results timeNumber is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) enforcement next roundThe crop rotation of clover and awnless brome.
2. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (concrete grammar of turning in I-a) is: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, then adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2Inferior, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed, treat soil airing 1-2 daysAfter, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
3. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (in I-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, be watered 15～20kg even spraying.
4. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (in I-b), the consumption of paraquat used is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50Kilogram even spraying.
5. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (concrete grammar of turning in II-a) is: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, then adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2Inferior, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the aerial part rake stayed in soil are removed, treat soil airing 1-2 daysAfter, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
6. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (II-a) middle clover cradles and turned over before clover initial bloom stage.
7. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (in II-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, be watered 15～20kg even spraying.
8. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: stepSuddenly (in II-b), the consumption of paraquat used is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50Kilogram even spraying.
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| CN105103701B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-04-19 | 谢庭生 | Method for interplanting alfalfa in southern rice-cotton rotation land to increase soil fertility |
| CN106588204A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | Meta-acidic soil medicago sativa high-yield fertilization method |
| CN109618587A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A method of improving ancient riverbed of the Yellow River soil depletion Soils In The Region organic matter |
| CN110278836A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-09-27 | 鄂尔多斯市北沁农牧业开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of clover |
| CN114503883A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-17 | 黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 | Method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area |
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