CN103960037A - Method for rotation of alfalfa and awnless brome - Google Patents
Method for rotation of alfalfa and awnless brome Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960037A CN103960037A CN201410232740.8A CN201410232740A CN103960037A CN 103960037 A CN103960037 A CN 103960037A CN 201410232740 A CN201410232740 A CN 201410232740A CN 103960037 A CN103960037 A CN 103960037A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for rotation of alfalfa and awnless brome. The method for rotation of alfalfa and awnless brome comprises the following steps: turning over and planting alfalfa for 5-6 years after planting the awnless brome for 5-6 years, and then turning over and planting the awnless brome, and carrying out crop rotation repeatedly. The method has the beneficial effects that the yield and the soil fertility of high-quality forage per unit area are improved in a crop rotation manner, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, nitrogen in atmosphere also can be fixed by root nodules of alfalfa, and the soil fertility is improved. Thus, the fertilizing amount can be correspondingly reduced, investment in manpower and chemical fertilizer is reduced, the investment in fertilizer in the next round of awnless brome planting process also can be reduced, the yield of the awnless brome is increased, the land utilization rate and the acre yield are further improved, and the economic benefits are increased.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting technique field, particularly the alternating method of a kind of clover and awnless brome.
(2) background technology
Clover (Medicago sativa) is that pulse family clover belongs to herbaceos perennial, have the good reputation of " King of Pasture ".Clover strong stress resistance, distributes wide, and area under cultivation is large, and output is high, quality better, and good palatability, economic worth is high.Clover happiness is warm, partial desiccation, semi-humid weather conditions and dry loose, draining is good and high calcareous soil, planting area annual precipitation is with 600mm～800mm optimum.Clover is not tight to the requirement of soil, except the soil of the lean sandy soil of soil, the extreme poverty of too glutinous weight or peracid or mistake alkali, can grow.Along with China grassland ecology recovers and the continuous lifting of the deepening constantly of environmental protection, alfalfa industry degree; clover cultivated area is in continuous increase; end 2012, clover reaches more than 370 ten thousand hectares in the cultivated area of China, is the forage seeds of the at present tool application and popularization value of China.
Awnless brome (Bromus inermis) is herbaceos perennial, tool horizontal walk root-like stock, all having extensive distribution in provinces and regions such as China Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, is 1000m～3500m Mountain Meadow grassland advantage grass seeds.Awnless brome strong adaptability, is suitable for cold dry weather, the area of 3 DEG C～10 DEG C of suitable growth temperature 20 DEG C～26 DEG C, year sammings, annual precipitation 400mm～500mm.Awnless brome is good forage, be of high nutritive value, output is large, and good palatability utilizes season long, cold-resistant drought-enduring, resistance to herding, all has introducing and planting all over the world, and it is not tight to the requirement of soil, suitable to the good and fertile loam of draining, the growth of glutinous loam, but the not soil of strong alkali-acid resistance and saline land.
In plantation, clover utilizes mainly as protein fodder grass at present, and plantation for many years can be increase soil fertility, but clover exists from toxic action, and the meadow of Planting Medicago sativa can not be planted continuously, this has just caused soil not to be used appropriately, land utilization rate is low, deficiency in economic performance.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of and improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, reduces the alternating method of high, the good in economic efficiency clover of fertilizing amount, land utilization rate and per mu yield and awnless brome.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An alternating method for clover and awnless brome, comprises the steps: after 5～6 years, to turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, and then turns over plantation awnless brome, repeats crop rotation.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, concrete grammar is:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in mid or late September and turn over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughing depth is more than 20cm;
(I-b) weeding: by ground airing 9～11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system after turning over, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days and the last ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, capsuled seed by the seeding quantity of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant suppression of soil; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, fertilizing amount is 10kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time clover while growing ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, and the amount of spraying is every mu, and with lucerne grass, 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg spray after fully mixing only; The time that sprays is for the second time while being height of seedling 15～20cm, and the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, after irrigation, execute superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the fertilizing amount of superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the fertilizing amount of potassium sulfate is 15kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is for repeatedly;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over plantation awnless brome 5～6 years in clover plantation, concrete grammar is again:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid or late September and turn over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make clover toothing 5～10cm, then alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, more than ploughing depth 30cm;
(II-b) weeding: by ground airing 9-11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system after turning over, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(line-spacing 20～30cm sows, instant suppression of soil for II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in mid or late May, the naked seed of awnless brome, by the seeding quantity of 1.5～2kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, seed level 1～2cm; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, fertilizing amount is respectively: nitrogenous fertilizer 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester and carry out weeding, the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with 2,4-D butyl ester, 40～60ml and water 50～60kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling at every turn timely Nitrogen Top Dressing (for example urea), fertilizing amount is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3～4 years, and with rake cutting rhizome, loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of awnless brome results is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) crop rotation of next round clover and awnless brome implemented.
(concrete grammar of turning in I-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, adopt again rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow to stay root system in soil and acrial part rake removes, until soil airing after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
(in I-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is step: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying.
(in I-b), the consumption of paraquat used is step: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
(concrete grammar of turning in II-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, adopt again rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow to stay root system in soil and acrial part rake removes, until soil airing after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
(II-a) middle clover cradles and turned over before clover initial bloom stage step.
(in II-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is step: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying.
(in II-b), the consumption of paraquat used is step: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
The beneficial effect of the alternating method of clover of the present invention and awnless brome is: the output and the soil fertility that improve unit are high quality forage by the mode of crop rotation, adopt the alternately mode of plantation of clover and awnless brome, the root nodule that utilizes clover prosperity provides a large amount of organic substances for soil, and can from deep subsoil, draw calcium element, can also reduce phosphate, phosphate after decomposing is retained in plow layer, after decomposition, form organic colloid, organic colloid can make soil form stable granule, thereby improves soil physical and chemical property; The root nodule of clover can also be fixed the nitrogen in atmosphere, improve soil fertility, the so just corresponding minimizing fertilizing amount of energy, reduce the input of artificial and chemical fertilizer, fertilizers input also can reduce the plantation of next round awnless brome time, increase the output of awnless brome, land utilization rate and per mu yield are improved further, increased economic benefit.
(4) embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, comprises the steps: after 5～6 years, to turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, and then turns over plantation awnless brome, repeats crop rotation.Except the following alternating method of the present invention, all the other clovers are identical with the implantation methods of conventional clover and awnless brome with the implantation methods of awnless brome.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, concrete grammar is:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carrying out awnless brome in mid-September turns over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then utilize Cultivator by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughing depth is more than 20cm, because plantation awnless brome meadow fibrous root prosperity for many years, mainly concentrate on topsoil 10～20cm place and root system and soil solid closely, the concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt again rotovator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, object is by the root system chopping of awnless brome, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow again,
(I-b) weeding: after turning over by ground airing 10 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system, spray glyphosate the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of glyphosate is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, capsuled seed by the seeding quantity of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant suppression of soil; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, fertilizing amount is 10kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time clover while growing ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, and the amount of spraying is every mu, and with lucerne grass, 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg spray after fully mixing only; The time that sprays is for the second time while being height of seedling 15～20cm, and the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, after irrigation, execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 25kg/ mu, the fertilizing amount of potash fertilizer is 15kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is for repeatedly;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over plantation awnless brome 5～6 years in clover plantation, concrete grammar is again:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid-September before clover initial bloom stage and turn over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make clover toothing 5～10cm, then utilize Cultivator that alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, ploughing depth 30cm is above to cut off clover root system, because plantation alfalfa grasslands main root prosperity for many years, more than main root length can reach 40cm; The concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt again rotovator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over by ground airing 10 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system, spray glyphosate the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of glyphosate is: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying;
(line-spacing 20～30cm sows, instant suppression of soil for II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in mid-May, the naked seed of awnless brome, by the seeding quantity of 1.5～2kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, seed level 1～2cm; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, fertilizing amount is respectively: nitrogenous fertilizer 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: awnless brome sowing current growth is slow, be subject to weeds harm, sowing will be noted weeding then, can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester carries out weeding, and the amount of spraying is every mu with 2, after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix, sprays;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, imposing in time urea at every turn, fertilizing amount is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3 years half, underground rhizome is easily formed hard cotton-shaped turf, cause that soil surface is solid, ventilation and water penetration is bad, organic matter decomposition slowly, grass yield declines, for keeping grass yield, cut rhizome with disk harrow, loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of awnless brome results is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) crop rotation of next round clover and awnless brome implemented.
Embodiment 2:
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, comprises the steps: after 5～6 years, to turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, and then turns over plantation awnless brome, repeats crop rotation.Except the following alternating method of the present invention, all the other clovers are identical with the implantation methods of conventional clover and awnless brome with the implantation methods of awnless brome.
The alternating method of this clover and awnless brome, specifically comprises the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, concrete grammar is:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carrying out awnless brome in late September turns over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then utilize Cultivator by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughing depth is more than 20cm, because plantation awnless brome meadow fibrous root prosperity for many years, mainly concentrate on topsoil 10～20cm place and root system and soil solid closely, the concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt again rotovator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, object is by the root system chopping of awnless brome, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow again,
(I-b) weeding: after turning over by ground airing 11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system, spray paraquat the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of paraquat is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the last ten-days period in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, capsuled seed by the seeding quantity of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant suppression of soil; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, fertilizing amount is 10kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time clover while growing ground 3-5cm or branch 3-4/branch, and the amount of spraying is every mu, and with lucerne grass, 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg spray after fully mixing only; The time that sprays is for the second time while being height of seedling 15～20cm, and the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, after irrigation, execute superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the fertilizing amount of superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the fertilizing amount of potassium sulfate is 15kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is for repeatedly;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over plantation awnless brome 5～6 years in clover plantation, concrete grammar is again:
(II-a) turn over: carried out clover and turn over before late September clover initial bloom stage, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make clover toothing 5～10cm, then utilize Cultivator that alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, ploughing depth 30cm is above to cut off clover root system, because plantation alfalfa grasslands main root prosperity for many years, more than main root length can reach 40cm; The concrete grammar of turning over is: first adopt field drag (model 1BZ-2.5) deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt again rotovator (1GKNBM-220) rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, after soil airing 1-2 days (fine day), then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow;
(II-b) weeding: after turning over by ground airing 11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system, spray paraquat the grass of survival is removed, the consumption of paraquat is: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying;
(line-spacing 20～30cm sows, instant suppression of soil for II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in late May, the naked seed of awnless brome, by the seeding quantity of 1.5～2kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, seed level 1～2cm; Sowing time applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in furrow, fertilizing amount is respectively: nitrogenous fertilizer 10～20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 5～10kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: awnless brome sowing current growth is slow, be subject to weeds harm, sowing will be noted weeding then, can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester carries out weeding, and the amount of spraying is every mu with 2, after 4-D butyl ester 40～60ml and water 50～60kg fully mix, sprays;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, imposing in time urea at every turn, fertilizing amount is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 4 years, underground rhizome is easily formed hard cotton-shaped turf, cause that soil surface is solid, ventilation and water penetration is bad, organic matter decomposition slowly, grass yield declines, for keeping grass yield, cut rhizome with disk harrow, loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of awnless brome results is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) crop rotation of next round clover and awnless brome implemented.
Implementation result:
Tradition is only planted in the pattern of clover, plants between 1～5 year, and per mu yield clover is 400 kilograms, and in 2 yuan of per kilograms, every per mu yield value is 800 yuan, plants 5～10 years, and per mu yield is on average only 160 kilograms, and every per mu yield value is 320 yuan; Tradition is only planted in the pattern of awnless brome, plants between 1～5 year, and per mu yield awnless brome is 300 kilograms, and in 1.5 yuan of per kilograms, every per mu yield value is 450 yuan, plant more than 5～10 years, and average 150～180 kilograms of per mu yield, every per mu yield value is 225～270 yuan.
Adopt after the alternating method plantation of clover of the present invention and awnless brome the total output value that can effectively improve unit are soil.Between alternating method 10 years because grass family and leguminous forage make effect mutually; the total output value in unit are soil can reach 1400 yuan/mu; compared with the total output value in 10 years independent Planting Medicago sativas or awnless brome unit are soil; 1120 yuan/mu of clovers; 700 yuan/mu of awnless bromes, economic benefit improves respectively 25% and 100%.Because perennial grass tool drops into the feature of utilizing for many years one year, the deduction average annual incidentals of land area of one unit (agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, fuels and energy, hired laborer etc.) 220 yuan, three kinds of clovers, awnless brome, the crop rotation of awnless brome/clover utilize under mode, every mu of net benefits is respectively 900 yuan, 480 yuan, 1180 yuan.
Claims (9)
1. an alternating method for clover and awnless brome, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: after 5～6 years, to turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, and then turn over plantation awnless brome, repeat crop rotation.
2. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 1 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
I) awnless brome turns over and clover is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over Planting Medicago sativa 5～6 years in awnless brome plantation, concrete grammar is:
(I-a) turn over: during with clover crop rotation, carry out awnless brome in mid or late September and turn over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make awnless brome toothing 10～15cm, then by awnless brome plough deeply, ploughing depth is more than 20cm;
(I-b) weeding: by ground airing 9-11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system after turning over, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(I-c) clover plantation: sow the middle ten days and the last ten days in may, the naked seed of clover is pressed 1.2kg/ mu, capsuled seed by the seeding quantity of 1.5kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, and line-spacing 25cm sows, instant suppression of soil; Sowing time application of phosphoric acid diamines in furrow, fertilizing amount is 10kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is 30kg/ mu;
(I-d) field management:
1. weed control: clover field weed is carried out preventing and kill off for twice spray, the time that sprays is for the first time clover while growing 3～4/of ground 3～5cm or branches, and the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg; The time that sprays is for the second time while being height of seedling 15～20cm, and the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with lucerne grass clean 120ml, Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml and water 30kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: the branching stage at plant height 15～20cm is irrigated, after irrigation, execute superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the fertilizing amount of superphosphate is 25kg/ mu, the fertilizing amount of potassium sulfate is 15kg/ mu or uses the mixing fertilizer that urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=10% of percentage by weight >=25% of percentage by weight >=8% of N, P, K, fertilizing amount is no less than 80kg/ mu;
(the clover harvest time of I-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of clover results is for repeatedly;
II) clover turns over and awnless brome is planted: after 5～6 years, turn over plantation awnless brome 5～6 years in clover plantation, concrete grammar is again:
(II-a) turn over: carry out clover in mid or late September and turn over, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make clover toothing 5～10cm, then alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, more than ploughing depth 30cm;
(II-b) weeding: by ground airing 9～11 days, grow after sprouting wait the seed in remaining in soil or root system after turning over, spray glyphosate or paraquat the grass of survival is removed;
(line-spacing 20～30cm sows, instant suppression of soil for II-c) awnless brome plantation: sow in mid or late May, the naked seed of awnless brome, by the seeding quantity of 1.5～2kg/ mu, adopts the mode of drilling, seed level 1～2cm; When sowing, use urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate in furrow, fertilizing amount is respectively: urea 10～20kg/ mu, superphosphate 5～10kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 1～2kg/ mu;
(II-d) field management:
1. weed control: can artificial weeding in the time that weeds are few, when weeds are many, can spray 2,4-D butyl ester and carry out weeding, the amount of spraying is every mu sprays after fully mixing with 2,4-D butyl ester, 40～60ml and water 50～60kg;
2. water and fertilizer management: in time awnless brome is irrigated; And after cradling, imposing in time urea at every turn, fertilizing amount is urea 10kg/ mu;
3. meadow rejuvenation: awnless brome plantation is after 3～4 years, and with rake cutting rhizome, loose soil layer, improves grassland soil permeability, makes grassland rejuvenation rejuvenation;
(the awnless brome harvest time of II-e) be early or mid July to mid or late September, the number of times of awnless brome results is for repeatedly;
After 5～6 years, turn over again Planting Medicago sativa, repeating step I in awnless brome plantation) and II) crop rotation of next round clover and awnless brome implemented.
3. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, it is characterized in that: (concrete grammar of turning in I-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, adopt again rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, until soil airing after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
4. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: (in I-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is step: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying.
5. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: (in I-b), the consumption of paraquat used is step: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
6. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, it is characterized in that: (concrete grammar of turning in II-a) is step: first adopt the dark rake of field drag 2 times, adopt again rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, then adopt spike-tooth harrow that root system and the acrial part rake stayed in soil are removed, until soil airing after 1-2 days, then hug grass roots 2 times with spike-tooth harrow.
7. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: (II-a) middle clover cradles and turned over before clover initial bloom stage step.
8. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: (in II-b), the consumption of glyphosate used is step: every mu of use 30% gyphosate solution 150～200ml, is watered 15～20kg even spraying.
9. the alternating method of a kind of clover according to claim 2 and awnless brome, is characterized in that: (in II-b), the consumption of paraquat used is step: every mu of use 20% paraquat aqua 150～200ml, is watered 50 kilograms of even spraying.
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