CN114503883A - Method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area - Google Patents
Method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gullies of black soil areas, and particularly relates to the field of forage grass planting. The method comprises seed treatment, terrain selection, sowing, field management and harvest utilization. The method utilizes the respective characteristics of the alfalfa and the awnless brome to carry out mixed planting on the two forage grass seeds, thereby not only greatly improving the yield of the two forage grass, but also improving the environment of erosion gullies in the northeast black soil area, and having more obvious soil stabilization and slope protection effects of the mixed planting of the alfalfa and the awnless brome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pasture planting, in particular to a method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in an erosion gully in a black soil area.
Background
Although the development of the black soil area in northeast China has only a hundred years of history, due to high-strength plunder-type operation, serious water and soil loss occurs, which is particularly shown in that the surface layer of fertile black soil becomes thin, gullies are vertical and horizontal, the area of the black soil is reduced, and the quality is reduced. The method is characterized in that the most serious land degradation shows that the trench erosion is very serious, according to the first water conservancy general survey of the country, 29.6 thousands of erosion ditches with the length of more than 100m are arranged in the black soil area of the northeast China, and according to the actual measurement survey of the area, about the same number of cutting ditches with the length of less than 100m are arranged, so that the total number of the erosion ditches in the black soil area of the northeast China is about 60 thousands, and 5000km of land is damaged only by the trench2Causing serious damage to the regional agricultural production and ecology. The channel erosion in the northeast black soil region is fully valued by the nation, and the year is 2017The special engineering for treating the ditch in the northeast black soil area is started, the ecological state of the eroded ditch is repaired as a final target after engineering measures are taken to stabilize the ditch, at present, the mode of trimming the ditch head and repairing drop water and building a valley house at the bottom of the ditch after slope cutting, planting water and protecting forest trees, comprehensively recovering the ecological state is mainly adopted, and nearly 5000 eroded ditches are treated in an accumulated mode. Besides planting water and forest protection trees in the trench, the water and soil resources are better, and plants such as herbaceous plants, especially pasture grasses are artificially built, so that the effect of soil stabilization and slope protection is achieved, and meanwhile, the economic benefit is better, but few attempts are made in the aspect of the northeast black soil area.
The black soil erosion mainly means that the black soil loses the protection of vegetation in the northeast black soil area of China due to high-strength reclamation and unreasonable cultivation of human beings; meanwhile, the phenomenon of accelerating soil erosion due to strong precipitation in summer. The accelerated erosion of the soil in the black soil area can cause the loss of water, fertilizer and soil to be aggravated, and the land production capacity is reduced; silting up rivers, lakes and reservoirs to aggravate flooding; destroy the local ecological environment and endanger the ecological safety of different places; the development of the ditch can destroy farmland roads and buildings, reduce the mechanization efficiency and the like; affecting the comprehensive development and utilization of water and soil resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in the erosion gully in the black soil area, so as to solve the problems of improving the ecological environment of the erosion gully in the northeast, increasing the yield of the forage grass and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to the invention, the method for improving the success rate of forage grass planting in the erosion gully of the black soil area comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Pretreating alfalfa seeds and awnless brome respectively, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds and the awnless brome in proportion to obtain mixed seeds;
step two, terrain selection
Slope selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, stumps, construction waste and grass roots are removed, and 150-year compound fertilizer is applied in the current year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing alfalfa and awnless brome at the same time from 4 months end to 5 months beginning;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing;
step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage weeding is combined with fertilization and irrigation; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when planting alfalfa and brome without awn, the top dressing potash fertilizer (150 kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer)2)；
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with additives to prepare complete feed.
Further, in the first step, the pretreatment method of the alfalfa seeds comprises the steps of treating the alfalfa hard seeds by using a rice mill until seed coats are hairy; then, the phenanthrenequinone accounting for 6.5 percent of the weight of the seeds is used for seed dressing; to prevent ring rot of alfalfa.
Further, in the first step, the pretreatment of the brome without awns is to mix seeds with 0.3 percent of phenanthrenequinone and thiram by weight of the brome without awns; to prevent and treat smut and smut.
Further, in the step one, the mixed seeds are prepared by mixing two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight ratio of alfalfa: awnless brome is 1: 2, mixing uniformly.
Further, in the third step, the row spacing of sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm.
Further, in the third step, the fertilizer application amount is 300kg of urea application/hm2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2。
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the intertillage weeding method is that the management and protection weeding is carried out in the first year in an artificial mowing mode, the first mowing is carried out in the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome are continuously regenerated.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the fertilizing amount is 75-150 kg of potassium fertilizer, 75-150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 45-75 kg of phosphate fertilizer applied per hectare.
The invention has the following advantages:
the alfalfa establishes the position in a crop cultivation system with excellent feeding value and extremely high yield, becomes the main pasture for China and the whole world, and is an effective way for solving the problem of the lack of high-quality forage grass in animal husbandry in agricultural regions, particularly the lack of protein feed. The alfalfa has developed root system and drought resistance, and plays an important role in soil fertility improvement, water and soil conservation and ecological environment improvement. The awnless brome has the advantages of cold resistance, strong drought resistance and high nutritional value, can be used for hay making, grazing, ensiling and the like, and has better water and soil conservation effect due to developed underground rhizomes. Brome without awn can adapt to most of the temperate climate, and the yield of the hay is higher than that of the common cool season type grass in the adaptation area. The alfalfa is leguminous forage, the awnless brome is gramineous forage, and after mixed sowing, the underground parts and the overground parts of the forage are reasonably arranged in space, and the roots of the forage have different distribution depths, so that the forage can absorb water and nutrients from different soil layers. Alfalfa absorbs more calcium, magnesium and chlorine, while brome formononea absorbs more phosphorus, silicon and nitrogen. The awnless brome can utilize nitrogen secreted by alfalfa, so that the nitrogen content of the awnless brome is increased, and the mixed-sowing pasture has higher and stable yield than a single sowing pasture. The alfalfa is a deep-rooted plant which is more developed, while the awnless brome is a fibrous root system, and most roots are distributed in a soil layer of 0-20 cm.
The method utilizes the respective characteristics of the alfalfa and the awnless brome to carry out mixed planting on the two forage grass seeds, thereby not only greatly improving the yield of the two forage grass, but also improving the environment of erosion gullies in the northeast black soil area, and having more obvious soil stabilization and slope protection effects of the mixed planting of the alfalfa and the awnless brome.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected awnless brome variety is suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, has strong cold resistance and the overwintering rate is more than 90%. The alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone 6.5 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa; the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut; mixing the two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight percentage: awnless brome is 1: 2, uniformly mixing;
step two, terrain selection
The slope surface selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, alfalfa and awnless brome are planted at the junction of the erosion gully slope and the gully bottom after restoration, the awnless brome has strong waterlogging resistance, the mixed sowing effect is dominant, the alfalfa is selected on the gully slope to be singly used, and a 2+1 mode of the gully bottom and the gully slope is formed;
removing stumps, construction waste and grass roots, sowing and applying 150kg/hm of compound fertilizer in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea application2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted and the pasture is sown in a mixed mode, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, 150 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, 75 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 45 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with human additives to prepare complete feed for feeding livestock to develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas.
Example 2 method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected awnless brome variety is suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, has strong cold resistance and the overwintering rate is more than 90%. The alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The seed of the alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone accounting for 6.5 percent of the weight of the seeds so as to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa; the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut; mixing the two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight percentage: awnless brome is 1: 2, uniformly mixing;
step two, terrain selection
The slope surface selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, alfalfa and awnless brome are planted at the junction of the erosion gully slope and the gully bottom after restoration, the awnless brome has strong waterlogging resistance, the mixed sowing effect is dominant, the alfalfa is selected on the gully slope to be singly used, and a 2+1 mode of the gully bottom and the gully slope is formed;
removing stumps, construction wastes and grass roots, sowing and applying compound fertilizer 175kg/hm in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm of potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the current year of sowing, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted and the pasture is sown in a mixed mode, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, and 120 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, 80 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 60 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with human additives to prepare complete feed for feeding livestock to develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas.
Example 3A method for increasing the success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gullies of black soil areas
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected awnless brome variety is suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, has strong cold resistance and the overwintering rate is more than 90%. The alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone 6.5 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa; the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut; mixing the two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight percentage: awnless brome is 1: 2, uniformly mixing;
step two, terrain selection
The slope surface selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, alfalfa and awnless brome are planted at the junction of the erosion gully slope and the gully bottom after restoration, the awnless brome has strong waterlogging resistance, the mixed sowing effect is dominant, the alfalfa is selected on the gully slope to be singly used, and a 2+1 mode of the gully bottom and the gully slope is formed;
removing stumps, construction wastes and grass roots, sowing and applying compound fertilizer 200kg/hm in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea application2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted and the pasture is sown in a mixed mode, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, 100 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 70 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with human additives to prepare complete feed for feeding livestock to develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas.
Example 4A method for increasing the success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gullies of black soil areas
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected awnless brome variety is suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, has strong cold resistance and the overwintering rate is more than 90%. The alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The seed of the alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone accounting for 6.5 percent of the weight of the seeds so as to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa; the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut; mixing the two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight percentage: awnless brome is 1: 2, uniformly mixing;
step two, terrain selection
The slope surface selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, alfalfa and awnless brome are planted at the junction of the erosion gully slope and the gully bottom after restoration, the awnless brome has strong waterlogging resistance, the mixed sowing effect is dominant, the alfalfa is selected on the gully slope to be singly used, and a 2+1 mode of the gully bottom and the gully slope is formed;
removing stumps, construction wastes and grass roots, sowing and applying compound fertilizer 225kg/hm in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted and the pasture is sown in a mixed mode, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, and 75 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, 150 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 75 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sown forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with human additives to prepare complete feed for feeding livestock to develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas.
Comparative example 1 alfalfa planting alone
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone 6.5 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa;
step two, terrain selection
Selecting a slope with the slope gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, and planting alfalfa at the junction of the groove slope of the repaired erosion groove and the groove bottom;
removing stumps, construction wastes and grass roots, sowing and applying 150kg/hm of compound fertilizer in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa 4 months to 5 months at the same time;
(2) seeding rate: alfalfaIn an amount of 7.5kg/hm per mu2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: establishing a junction between the bottom of the planting ditch and the ditch slope, sowing seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm of potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; in the first year, management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode, mowing is carried out for the first time at the beginning of 7 months, no growth of other weeds is caused after mowing, and alfalfa can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after the branch and bud period of the alfalfa and each cutting; 150 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, 75 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 45 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
The sown forage grass is mowed in the flowering period, and the mowing is carried out 25-35 days before the early frost comes when the last mowing is carried out; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with additives to prepare complete feed.
Comparative example 2 brome planting without awn alone
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected varieties of awnless brome are suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, and have strong cold resistance, and the overwintering rate is more than 90%;
seed treatment: the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut;
step two, terrain selection
Selecting a slope with the slope gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, and planting awnless brome at the junction of the repaired erosion gully slope and the gully bottom;
removing stumps and construction wasteApplying 150kg/hm of compound fertilizer to the garbage and grass roots in the same year after sowing2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the awnless brome at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: 15kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing seeds, and fertilizing after sowing; the row spacing for sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2；
Step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing at tillering, jointing and booting stage of awnless brome; when planting the awnless brome pasture, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, 150kg of potassium fertilizer, 75kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 45 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied per hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
The pasture is mowed in the flowering period, and the pasture is mowed 25-35 days before the early frost comes when the last cutting is carried out; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with additives to prepare complete feed.
Comparative example 3 intercropping alfalfa and brome without awn
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Seed selection: the selected awnless brome variety is suitable for growing in Heilongjiang area, has strong cold resistance and the overwintering rate is more than 90%. The alfalfa selects the Longding Beza87 alfalfa which is more suitable for the growth of the erosion gully, and the variety has the advantages of meeting the geographical environment requirement of the erosion gully, being barren-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and the like;
seed treatment: the hard seed of alfalfa can be treated with a rice mill until the seed coat is hairy. The alfalfa can be dressed with phenanthrenequinone 6.5 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent the ring rot of the alfalfa; the awnless brome can be mixed with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of seeds to prevent and treat smut and smut;
step two, terrain selection
The slope surface is selected to have the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, alfalfa and awnless brome are planted at the junction of the erosion gully slope and the gully bottom after restoration, the awnless brome has strong waterlogging resistance, the mixed sowing effect is dominant, mutual promotion is realized, the alfalfa is selected to be singly used on the gully slope, and a 2+1 mode of the gully bottom and the gully slope is formed;
removing stumps, construction wastes and grass roots, sowing and applying compound fertilizer 225kg/hm in the same year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted at the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope and are sowed in an interlaced manner, two lines of the awnless brome and one line of the alfalfa are spaced by 30-50 cm. The sowing depth is preferably 2 cm. Applying 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2As seed manure;
step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage and weeding are very important, and the intertillage is carried out in combination with fertilization and irrigation, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the water utilization efficiency can be improved; the management and protection weeding can be carried out in a manual mowing mode in the first year, the first mowing is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, other weeds do not grow after the mowing, and the alfalfa and the awnless brome can be continuously regenerated; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of the awnless brome and branches and bud periods of the alfalfa and after each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted to intercropping the forage grass, special attention should be paid to the additional application of potassium fertilizer, and 75 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, 150 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 75 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hectare.
Step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; applying fertilizer in time after each cutting (the fertilizer application amount is 225kg/hm of urea2) And irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with human additives to prepare complete feed for feeding livestock to develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas.
The comparison of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 after treatment is shown in table 1.
Table 1 comparative table after treatment of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the total sand yield of unicast is 52.56-67.26g, and the total sand yield after mixed sowing reaches 50.23g, which is reduced by 4-25%; the unicast total runoff traffic is 19.479-23.865mm, and the mixed broadcast total runoff traffic is 19.3 mm; the plant coverage is 68.03-76.4% in a unicast mode, the coverage of the mixed-sown plants is 90.3%, the mixed-sown is better than the single-sown mode, the plant coverage is improved by 15-25%, the vegetation coverage is increased, the ecological restoration of an erosion gully is facilitated, and the dry weight of the overground part of the single-sown plants is 383-2The mixed seeding reaches 1569g/667m2The yield is remarkably improved by 66-76%; unicast litter dry weight of 5.85-6.53g/m2And the dry weight of the mixed seeding litter is 7.23g/m2And increasing the mixed seeding litter to effectively prevent silt, wherein the dry weight of the root is unicast by 11.75-17.45g, the dry weight of the root reaches 25.69g, the Reynolds number is an important parameter for representing the flow characteristic of the fluid, and the Reynolds number and the Froude number are unicast more than the mixed seeding.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the success rate of forage grass planting in erosion ditches in black soil areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, seed treatment
Pretreating alfalfa seeds and awnless brome respectively, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds and the awnless brome in proportion to obtain mixed seeds;
step two, terrain selection
Slope selection slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, stumps, construction waste and grass roots are removed, and 150-year compound fertilizer is applied in the current year2As a base fertilizer;
step three, sowing
(1) And (3) sowing period: sowing the alfalfa and the awnless brome at the same time at the end of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(2) seeding rate: the amount of the alfalfa is 7.5 kg/hm/mu215kg/hm of awnless brome2；
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: planting the junction of the ditch bottom and the ditch slope, sowing the mixed seeds, and fertilizing after sowing;
step four, field management
In the early growth stage of the seeding in the same year, intertillage weeding is combined with fertilization and irrigation; timely irrigating and topdressing after tillering, jointing and booting periods of awnless brome, branching and bud-appearing periods of alfalfa and each cutting; when the alfalfa and the awnless brome are planted and the pasture is mixed and sowed, the potash fertilizer is applied;
step five, harvesting and utilizing
Cutting the mixed-sowed forage grass in the flowering period, wherein the cutting time of the last time is 25-35 days before the early frost comes; cutting the height of 4-5 cm; the final cutting height before overwintering is 7-8 cm; after each cutting, timely fertilizing and irrigating; after harvesting, the mixture is ensiled and prepared into green hay or is added with additives to prepare complete feed.
2. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in the erosion gully of the black soil area according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the alfalfa seeds are pretreated by a rice mill until the seed coats are hairy; then, the seeds are dressed with phenanthrenequinone accounting for 6.5 percent of the weight of the seeds.
3. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in erosion ditches in black soil areas according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the pretreatment of the awnless brome is to mix seeds with phenanthrenequinone and thiram which are 0.3 percent of the weight of the awnless brome seeds.
4. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in the erosion gully of the black soil area according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the mixed seeds are prepared by mixing two kinds of seeds after seed dressing according to the following weight ratio of alfalfa: awnless brome is 1: 2, mixing evenly.
5. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in the erosion gully of the black soil area according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the row spacing of the sowing is 30-50 cm; the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm.
6. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in the erosion gully of the black soil area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the fertilizer is applied in an amount of 300kg/hm of urea2Or 225kg/hm of compound fertilizer2150kg/hm potassium chloride fertilizer2。
7. The method for improving the success rate of planting forage grass in erosion ditches in black soil areas according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, intertillage weeding is carried out in a mode of artificial mowing for managing and protecting weeding in the first year, mowing is carried out for the first time in the beginning of 7 months, no growth occurs in other weeds after mowing, and alfalfa and bromegrass are continuously regenerated.
8. The method for improving the success rate of planting the forage grass in the erosion gully in the black soil area according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the fertilizing amount is 75-150 kg of potassium fertilizer, 75-150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 45-75 kg of phosphate fertilizer applied per hectare.
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| ZA2023/01012A ZA202301012B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2023-01-24 | Method for improving success rate of planting forage grass in erosion gully in black soil region |
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| CN116058245A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-05-05 | 黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 | Method for quickly protecting slope and planting grass by using farmland drainage channel in black soil area |
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