CN113243256A

CN113243256A - Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method

Info

Publication number: CN113243256A
Application number: CN202110292256.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴淘锁; 辛晓平; 吴建锁; 白红梅; 白红艳; 林倩
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS; Hulunbuir University
Current assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS; Hulunbuir University
Priority date: 2021-03-18
Filing date: 2021-03-18
Publication date: 2021-08-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method, which comprises two parts of gentle slope ecological restoration and slope ecological restoration; ecological restoration of gentle slope: planting native plants in a gentle slope region of a typical grassland area for ecological restoration in a unicast planting mode and a mixed sowing planting mode, wherein the native plants comprise leymus chinensis, old awn wheat, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filigree, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, alfalfa beans, wild barley, oxytropis rupestris, acid-resistant grass, consistent grass, lemongrass and bromegrass; ecological restoration of a deviated slope: planting native plants in the slope region of typical grassland area for ecological restoration by using two modes of unicast planting and mixed sowing planting, including leymus chinensis, lysimachia, Miscanthus sinensis, common festuca herb, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum, multiple artemisia, cold artemisia, filings grass, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis lanceolata, Oxytropis leafata and Hordeum vulgare. The invention adopts cold-resistant native plants to complete ecological restoration, and has low cost and high survival rate.

Description

Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of grassland ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a typical grassland area side slope ecological restoration method.

Background

The history develops to today, the face of the earth is changed at an unprecedented speed by human beings, on one hand, unprecedented material wealth is created for human survival, on the other hand, the living environment of other organisms is greatly changed, the diversity of the organisms on the earth is continuously reduced, a large number of species tend to be extinct, the foundation of human survival is gradually collapsed, and the protection of the ecological environment becomes a hot spot concerned all over the world at present. The destruction of the ecological environment has indirect reasons and direct reasons, but the sources are the increase of population, the widening of the ecological niche of people, the more and more occupation of biological products on the earth, the transitional consumption of natural resources and the like.

Under the background of global change, the deterioration of ecological environment has become a serious problem for human survival and development, and the essence of the development problem of population, resources, environment and economy is the ecological environment problem. Due to the rapid population increase and the unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources such as water, soil, mineral deposits and the like, the coordination capability of the ecological environment is continuously weakened, and the trend of brittleness is increasingly presented. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the relationship between people and nature and to seek the coordinated development of population, resources and environment.

The northern area of China has the best grassland in China, is the most important animal husbandry base in China, and is also the area with the most abundant natural resources in China. However, in recent years, due to the influence of human factors such as geographical position, climate change, population development, livestock overloading, excessive reclamation, excessive cutting, excessive digging, excessive mining and the like, the phenomena of large-area desertification and pot bottom pit (mine pit) appear in grassland pastoral areas.

In recent years, in the aspect of lawn ecological restoration, the projects of returning cultivation forest, returning cultivation grass, returning pasture grass, enclosure cultivation, Jingjin sand source treatment, mine ecological restoration and the like are started in China. The implementation of the projects greatly promotes the improvement of the ecological environment of the grassland and the improvement of the life of people in pasturing areas.

At present, the main plant varieties for planting (reseeding and sowing) in the aspect of grassland ecological restoration mainly comprise sheep firewood, sand sagebrush, caragana microphylla (caragana microphylla), wheatgrass, sea buckthorn, shazhangwang, elymus and pioneer plants such as barley and ryegrass (annual growth) and the like. The Renbel is the coldest region in China, the extreme temperature is 45 ℃ below zero or even lower, the plant species has good performance in most regions in China, can safely live through winter, and the plant species with excellent production performance can not cross over the severe winter. Or the patient dies in winter or dies in large quantities in late spring and cold. After the sheep firewood is sowed, a large ground community is formed 2-3 years later, and a large number of uneven stubbles die. After the sand sagebrush is planted, the ground part is lignified rapidly, the ground is closed after the next year, and other plants do not sprout or sprout a small amount. After the caragana microphylla is planted, the caragana microphylla grows fast and is long and wrong, but only one colony which is dominant is formed, other plants are difficult to invade, the diversity is poor, the colony is single, and the caragana microphylla is shrub with thorns, so that the utilization rate of the grassland after the caragana microphylla is repaired is low, and the caragana microphylla is not popular with herdsmen. These plant varieties are purchased from foreign countries, and the ecological restoration lacks local and local soil plant varieties.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method which adopts cold-resistant native plants to complete ecological restoration and has the advantages of low cost, high survival rate and high land utilization rate.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The side slope ecological restoration method in the typical grassland area comprises two parts of gentle slope ecological restoration and slope ecological restoration:

ecological restoration of gentle slope: planting native plants in a gentle slope area caused by surface soil or geological damage in a typical grassland area in a unicast planting mode and a mixed sowing planting mode to carry out ecological restoration, wherein the native plants comprise Chinese wildrye, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, echinus leafmulberry, acid-tolerant grass, common grass, lemongrass and bromus formosanus; wherein the unicast planting variety comprises acanthopanax leafflower bean, acid-tolerant grass, Qiacao, lemongrass and bromus formosanus, and the mixed-seeding planting variety comprises fescue, old awn wheat, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, acid-tolerant grass, lemongrass and bromus formosanus;

ecological restoration of a deviated slope: planting native plants in a slope region caused by surface soil or geological damage in a typical grassland area in a unicast mode and a mixed sowing mode for ecological restoration, wherein the native plants comprise leymus chinensis, lysimachia, old awn, common festuca herb, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum, India artemisia, artemisia frigida, filica, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, meliitus ruthenicus, oxytropis arenaria, oxytropis leafflower and wild barley; wherein the unicast planting varieties comprise herba Leymi chinensis, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, herba Elsholtziae Calycocarpae, splendid achnatherum, multiple-petaloup, Artemisia frigida, Fimbristylis Dichotomae, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissus ruthenicus and Hordeum vulgare; the mixed sowing planting variety comprises leymus chinensis, lysimachia, old awn, common curculigo rhizome, agropyron cristatum, splendid achnatherum, multi-petalomus, artemisia selengensis, elytum repens, couch grass, astragalus mongholicus, alfalfa bean, sand-zhen acantho bean, multi-leafed acantho bean and wild barley.

If the gentle slope area belongs to a typical grassland area surface soil or a mine pit with seriously damaged geology, soil improvement and soil fixation are firstly carried out before planting native plants, and a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and cut; otherwise, cleaning waste sundries on site in a gentle slope planting area, and carrying out no-tillage reseeding planting 3 days before a rainy season comes;

the soil improvement comprises the steps of spraying 12-18 kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu in the early stage, applying 14-18 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in areas where strong acid and strong base inhibit plant growth or applying 2.1-3.6 tons of farmyard manure per mu, and improving the pH value and the property of the soil;

the soil fixation comprises the steps of leveling, retaining water, draining, backflow and converging of a field, the drainage, backflow and converging work is well done, the smoothness of a drainage system in rainy seasons is ensured, and the gentle slope is fixed and the irrigation supporting facilities are laid.

If the slope area belongs to a typical grassland area surface soil or a mine pit with seriously damaged geology, soil improvement and soil fixation are firstly carried out before planting native plants, and a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and cut; otherwise, cleaning waste sundries on site in a gentle slope planting area, and carrying out no-tillage reseeding planting 3 days before a rainy season comes;

the soil improvement comprises the steps of spraying 12-16 kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu in the early stage, applying 14-18 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in areas where strong acid and strong base inhibit plant growth or applying 2.1-3.6 tons of farmyard manure per mu, and improving the pH value and the property of the soil;

the soil fixation comprises the steps of leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow and confluence of a field, and the drainage, backflow and confluence work is well done, so that the smoothness of a drainage system in rainy season is ensured, the slope is fixed, and the laying of irrigation supporting facilities is ensured.

Unicast planting in the gentle slope ecological restoration: sowing is carried out by manual drilling, the sowing time is 5 months later, the sowing depth of the acanthopanax spinosus is 1-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 3-8 kg/mu; the planting depth of the acid-resistant grass is 1-5 cm, the row spacing is 23-28 cm, and the planting quantity is 7-10 kg/mu; the seeding depth of the Qiacao is 0.8-4 cm, the row spacing is 24-30 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-8 kg/mu; sowing seeds of the palea and the lemongrass at a depth of 1-5 cm, a row spacing of 28-33 cm and a sowing amount of 8-13 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the awnless brome is 1-5.2 cm, the row spacing is 29-34 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-11 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

The mixed sowing planting in the gentle slope ecological restoration comprises four mixed sowing modes, wherein ryegrass is doped in each mixed sowing mode to serve as pioneer plants;

mixed seeding one: the method comprises the following steps of (1) ryegrass, Chinese wildrye, wild barley and alfalfa bean, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.4-2.7: 1.6-2: 1.3-1.5: 1.5-1.8: 0.9-1.2 mixing;

and mixed seeding II: the seed volume ratio of the lolium perenne, the elytrigia repens, the splendid achnatherum, the filigree and the astragalus mongholicus is 1.8-2.2: 1.2-1.5: 0.6-0.8: 0.4-0.7: 1, blending;

mixed seeding is carried out: the seed volume ratio of the ryegrass, the palea, the acid-resistant grass, the elytrigia repens and the poinsetheria repens is 1.9-2.3: 0.7-1: 1.5-1.8: 1.6-1.8: 0.9-1.1 mixing;

and C, mixed seeding: ryegrass, bromus formosanus, awnless wheat, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and polygonum aviculare, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 1.8-2.3: 1.3-1.6: 1.8-2.1: 0.5-0.7: 1.4-1.8: 1.1 to 1.4.

Mixed seeding and planting in gentle slope ecological restoration: sowing is carried out by using a machine, the sowing time is 5 months later, the soil covering thickness after sowing is 1-5 cm, and the sowing amount is 9-13 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the second year, topdressing with compound fertilizer 11-16 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;

in addition, manually drilling in rugged and complex terrain and edge areas, wherein the sowing time is 5 months, the sowing depth is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 24-38 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; watering once every day until seedlings emerge and reach the stage of pulling, watering once every week until the frozen water is watered, and watering the green-turning water in the second year; in the next year, 12-16 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

Unicast planting in the slope ecological restoration: sowing is carried out by manual drilling, the sowing time is 5 months, the sowing depth of the leymus chinensis is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 27-32 cm, and the sowing quantity is 10-13 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the wheatgrass is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-9 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the old aweto is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 22-28 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-10 kg/mu; the grass planting depth is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 30-35 cm, and the planting amount is 11-14 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the Alcalia odorata is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the sowing amount is 2-5 kg/mu; the seeding depth of splendid achnatherum is 1.8-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 19-24 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-6 kg/mu; the multi-windrow artemisia apiacea seeding depth is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-31 cm, and the seeding quantity is 1.5-3.3 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the cold wormwood is 0.6-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 1.5-4 kg/mu; the planting depth of the filipendula is 1-3.5 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the planting amount is 2.4-5 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the elytrigia repens is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 28-35 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; sowing the astragalus mongholicus with the oblique stems at a depth of 1-4 cm, a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a sowing amount of 4-7 kg/mu; sowing the alfalfa beans at a depth of 1-4 cm, a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a sowing amount of 4-7 kg/mu; the wild barley sowing depth is 1.5-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 5-9 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

The mixed sowing planting in the slope ecological restoration comprises three mixed sowing modes, wherein each mixed sowing mode is mixed with barley or ryegrass as pioneer plants;

mixed seeding one: barley, grass, wheatgrass, artemisia parvifolia, alfalfa bean and sand-treasure sea-weed, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.4-2.8: 1.8-2.2: 2-2.3: 1: 1.5-2: 1.3-1.6 mixing;

and mixed seeding II: barley, Chinese wildrye, wild awn, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and acanthopanax leafmulberry, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.5-3: 1.6-2: 1.8-2.1: 1: 1.5-1.9: 1.2-1.6 mixing;

mixed seeding is carried out: the seed volume ratio of the ryegrass, the common alidium, the elytrigia repens, the splendid achnatherum, the astragalus mongholicus and the artemisia frigida is 2-2.3: 1.1-1.3: 1.8-2: 1.2-1.6: 1.1-1.4: 1 are blended.

Mixed seeding and planting in the slope ecological restoration: sowing is carried out by using a machine, the sowing time is 5 months later, the soil covering thickness is 1-4 cm after sowing, and the sowing amount is 8-12 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the second year, applying a primary fertilizer compound fertilizer 12-15 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;

in addition, manually drilling in the laid biological basketries or grass squares, wherein the sowing time is 5 months later, the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 24-38 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; watering once every day until seedlings emerge and reach the stage of pulling, watering once every week until the frozen water is watered, and watering the green-turning water in the second year; in the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention relates to 14 kinds of native plant varieties, namely, leymus chinensis, old mango, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, echinus lobata, acid-resistant grass, qia grass, palea and bromus formosanus, which are planted on a gentle slope. These varieties are wild plant varieties, possess cold-resistant genes which most plant varieties do not possess, and can well overwinter at low temperature of below 45 ℃ below zero, thus being the most cold-resistant plant varieties. The forage grass can be used as an excellent plant variety for ecological restoration of grasslands, has large leaf amount, good palatability and rich nutrition, can be used as an excellent forage grass variety, has bright color and can be an excellent ground cover plant variety.

(2) In the invention, 15 kinds of native plant varieties of Chinese wildrye, lysimachia, old mango, common curculigo rhizome, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum, multi-stemona alpina, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean, sea-weed-bean, wild barley and multi-leafed echinocandin bean are planted on the partial slope. These varieties are wild plant varieties, have cold-resistant genes which most plant varieties do not have, can well overwinter at a low temperature of below 45 ℃ below zero, and are the most cold-resistant plant varieties. The forage grass can be used as an excellent plant variety for ecological restoration of grasslands, has large leaf amount, good palatability and rich nutrition, can be used as an excellent forage grass variety, has bright color and can be an excellent ground cover plant variety.

(3) The invention realizes the restoration of the ecological system and the reconstruction of the ecological landscape in a typical grassland area, and the integration of functions of ecological environment display, tourism and sightseeing, local plant seed fields and the like. Provides a restoration scheme and a method with quick restoration, lasting effect, obvious economic, ecological and social benefits for the comprehensive treatment of the environment of a typical grassland area. Meanwhile, a batch of plant germplasm resources repaired in a typical grassland area is cultivated. The ecological environment is improved, elegant and comfortable maintenance is realized, the landscape is pleasant, the ecological environment becomes an ideal place for people to enjoy leisure and entertainment and an important carrier of culture in a typical grassland area, the educational and aesthetic functions of the typical grassland area are fully exerted, the working pressure of people is relieved, the living environment is improved, and people are happy and have harmonious relationships. And the ecological restoration engineering can prevent wind and fix sand, and has the functions of regulating climate, optimizing water environment and perfecting water drainage. The water can be stored when the waterlogging is drained intensively in heavy rain, and the water can be released when the waterlogging is dry, so that the water requirement for self maintenance is met, the restoration process of a typical grassland area is displayed in a landscape greening mode, and the aim of ecological restoration is fulfilled.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

The method for ecologically restoring the side slope in the typical grassland area comprises two parts of gentle slope ecological restoration and slope ecological restoration, wherein both the gentle slope and the slope can be gentle slope areas and slope areas of pits in the typical grassland area.

First, gentle slope ecological restoration

Planting native plants in a gentle slope area caused by surface soil or geological damage in a typical grassland area in a unicast planting mode and a mixed sowing planting mode to carry out ecological restoration, wherein the native plants comprise Chinese wildrye, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, echinus leafflower, acid-tolerant grass, common grass, lemongrass and bromus formosanus. The botanical characteristics of these 14 indigenous plant species are summarized:

chinese sheep grass, marine (Trin.) kitag, is a grass family of lysimachia. For many years, the rootstock can be stretched downwards or transversely moved. The growth of leymus chinensis in wide grassland is the group-building species of grassland. Cold resistance, drought resistance, alkali resistance and more resistance to trampling by beasts and horses. Is dry or middle-dry gramineous forage grass, has strong cold resistance, and can safely overwinter in places with extreme temperature of minus 47 ℃ and less snow in winter. Has low requirement on soil.

Awn, Elymus, sibiricus L. is a perennial grass of the genus Elymus, Poaceae. It is mostly born by the roadside and hills. The Miscanthus floridulus is rich in protein and is a good plant for feeding. The old mango wheat has strong cold resistance, and can safely overwinter at the low temperature of minus 47 ℃. Has wide adaptability to soil and is suitable for the growth of weakly acidic or slightly alkaline humus soil.

Splendid Achnatherum Achnatherum spheneden (Trin.) Nevski, a plant of splendid Achnatherum of Gramineae, having thick and tough fibrous root sheathed with sand. Grow on slightly alkaline grass beaches and sandy slopes. The plant is good feed for livestock in early spring when young and tender; the straw and leaf are tough, long and smooth, and are very useful fiber plants for paper making and rayon, and can be used for weaving baskets, straw curtains, brooms and the like; after the leaves are soaked in water, the leaves have extremely high toughness and can be used as straw ropes; but also can improve alkaline land, protect channel and maintain soil and water. Can form various grassland types with accompanying species, which are important group building species of salinized meadows. Strong root system, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, and adaptability to clay and sandy loam.

Artemisia frigida Artemisia willd. is a perennial herb of Artemisia of Compositae. The rhizome moves transversely and the adventitious root develops. Widely distributed in grassland zones and desert grassland zones, mostly grow on sandy, gravel or gravel soil, and are the main components of the small half shrubs in the grassland. Is also an associated plant of other grassland communities and is a drought plant with wide ecological range. The artemisia selengensis is a feed with good livestock nutritive value in a pasturing area; the whole herb can be used for medicine. Generally, grassland and mountain grassland usually form communities with various gramineous plants such as stipa capillata, lysimachia capillata, cryptospermum and the like, and dominate the communities. The feed is a feed with good nutritive value for livestock in a pasturing area. The evaluation of the grass land is extremely high for the herdsmen, and the grass land is considered to be one of plants for fattening, protecting the fat and promoting lactation, and the amount of the growing cold wormwood is one of the conditions for selecting the grass land. Palatability, sheep and horses like to eat all the year round, and are extremely like to eat their vegetative and reproductive branches. Especially sheep and horse are very popular for eating. Camels like to eat in the last year. Hay is also a favorite food for livestock.

Calamagris eriios (L.) Roth. Poaceae perennial herbs with rhizomes. Soil is often lightly to moderately salinized. Is a group-building seed for forming desertification grassland and mountain and river valley meadow, habitat sandy land, saline-alkali land, salinization meadow and marshland. Is a grazing favorite for livestock; its rhizome is tough, resistant to saline-alkali soil, and resistant to strong moisture, and is a good material for fixing silt and protecting river bank. Is used for planting pasture. Is a high-quality fiber plant.

Elytrigia repens Desv. is a perennial herb of the genus Elytrigia in the family of Gramineae. Has a transverse root and stem. The natural distribution is wide, and the natural distribution is superior to that of valley meadows and roadside. The grass has excellent quality and is favored by herbivorous livestock. Strong encroachment capability, and can also be used for water and soil conservation and road slope greening. Is relatively drought-tolerant and salt and alkali-tolerant. The elytrigia repens has strong cold resistance and can safely overwinter in all parts of the northern China. The method has low requirements on soil, is most suitable for deep loamy black meadow soil, and can also grow on slightly saline soil. Through experimental studies of grassland research institutes of northeast China academy of agriculture, Chinese academy of sciences and the like, the wild domestication is successful, and the elytrigia repens is identified as a feed grass seed and a lawn grass seed with cultivation value in northern cold regions.

Astragalus adsurgins pall, a leguminous perennial herb of the genus Astragalus, grows in sunny hillside bushes and forest edge zones. The astragalus includus seeds are used as tonic for treating neurasthenia and as good pasture and soil-keeping plant.

Melissitus ruthenicus (L.) Sojaku is a perennial herb of Leguminosae, a typical grassland area, and a companion species of sandy vegetation, which is mostly grown on sandy land, hilly land, river bank sand, and the like. Tender stems and leaves of herba Polygoni Avicularis can be used as poultry feed.

Wild barley Hordeum.brevisubtum (Trin.) Link. perennial herbaceous plants of Gramineae, wild barley is a species for building salinized and alkalized meadow grassland, the salt tolerance of the wild barley can be compared with that of small festuca arundinacea and the like, a set of special adaptation mechanism is formed in long-term adaptation evolution, and the wild barley is excellent pasture suitable for being planted in saline-alkali lands. The wild barley is introduced and domesticated for improving salinized land with good effect.

Oxytropis myriophylla (Pall.) DC, a plant of the genus Oxytropis of the family Leguminosae. Perennial herbs are grown on sandy land, flat grassland, dry river ditches, hilly land, slightly salinized sandy land, rocky hillside or low hillside. The Oxytropis myriophylla is an axial root type ground bud plant, the root system is developed, the depth of the root system in the soil reaches about 1 meter, and the rootstock is thick, has multiple branches and is in a cluster shape. The oxytropis leafata has low requirements on soil conditions, is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, is favored to grow on gravels with strong property, or is sandy soil or fixed on sandy soil, is trampling-resistant, and has strong nutrition fertility and regeneration capacity and strong sexual fertility. The acanthopanax spinosus has early green turning, and horses, cattle and sheep all eat the acanthopanax spinosus in spring, and goats prefer to eat the acanthopanax spinosus.

Acid-tolerant grass Bromus ciliatus var. richardsonii (Link) Y.C.Jiang. Poaceae, Bromus perennial, with transverse rhizomes. Grows in meadows and river valley grass-shrub grasslands. The distribution range is wide.

Koeliria cristata (L.) Pers. Cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and is suitable for being used as ground cover plants. Has low requirement on soil, and can be used as feeding plant.

Perennial grass of the family gramineae, the rhizomes of which are slender and white and inclined, has a little fragrance.

Brome broomus inermis Leys, a perennial herbaceous plant of brome, of Gramineae, has upright stalks and is sparse and grows in forest edge meadows, hills, valley lands and roadside roads. The awnless brome is excellent pasture, has high nutritive value, high yield, long utilization season, early cold resistance, grazing resistance and strong adaptability, is a main grass seed for establishing artificial grasslands and environment-friendly sand fixation, and is an important grass seed in Xinjiang and all over the north.

Wherein the unicast planting variety comprises Oxytropis myriophylla, acid-tolerant grass, Qia grass, palea palustris, and bromegrass.

Unicast planting: the sowing is carried out by manual drilling, the sowing time is 5 months later, the sowing depth of the acanthopanax spinosus leaves is 1-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 3-8 kg/mu. The planting depth of the acid-resistant grass is 1-5 cm, the row spacing is 23-28 cm, and the planting quantity is 7-10 kg/mu. The seeding depth of the Qiacao is 0.8-4 cm, the row spacing is 24-30 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-8 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the palea and the thatch is 1-5 cm, the row spacing is 28-33 cm, and the sowing quantity is 8-13 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the brome without awns is 1-5.2 cm, the row spacing is 29-34 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-11 kg/mu. Covering with straw curtains after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw curtains, watering once a week until the seedlings are watered with frozen water, and watering green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

Wherein the mixed seeding variety comprises herba Elaeagni Multiflorae, old Mangifera Indica, splendid achnatherum, Artemisia frigida, Fimbristylis Dichotomae, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Hordeum vulgare, sour-resistant grass, Lemongrass palea, and bromegrass. When mixed sowing and planting are carried out, pioneer plants (annual) ryegrass should participate, otherwise, the repair effect of the first year on repairing the small plants of the local plants (perennial plants) cannot be realized, and the effect can be realized in the second year, so the repair effect in the first year can be realized only by the pioneer plants. The mixed sowing planting in the gentle slope ecological restoration comprises four mixed sowing modes, wherein ryegrass is doped in each mixed sowing mode to serve as pioneer plants. Mixed seeding one: the method comprises the following steps of (1) ryegrass, Chinese wildrye, wild barley and alfalfa bean, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.4-2.7: 1.6-2: 1.3-1.5: 1.5-1.8: 0.9 to 1.2, and mixing. And mixed seeding II: the seed volume ratio of the lolium perenne, the elytrigia repens, the splendid achnatherum, the filigree and the astragalus mongholicus is 1.8-2.2: 1.2-1.5: 0.6-0.8: 0.4-0.7: 1 are blended. Mixed seeding is carried out: the seed volume ratio of the ryegrass, the palea, the acid-resistant grass, the elytrigia repens and the poinsetheria repens is 1.9-2.3: 0.7-1: 1.5-1.8: 1.6-1.8: 0.9 to 1.1, respectively. And C, mixed seeding: ryegrass, bromus formosanus, awnless wheat, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and polygonum aviculare, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 1.8-2.3: 1.3-1.6: 1.8-2.1: 0.5-0.7: 1.4-1.8: 1.1 to 1.4.

Mixed sowing and planting: sowing is carried out by a machine, the sowing time is 5 months later, the soil covering thickness after sowing is 1-5 cm, and the sowing amount is 9-13 kg/mu. Covering with straw curtains after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw curtains, watering once a week until the seedlings are watered with frozen water, and watering green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, compound fertilizer is applied for 11-16 kg/mu once before the planted local plants bloom. In addition, manual drilling is carried out in rugged and complex terrain and edge areas, the seeding time is 5 months later, the seeding depth is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 24-38 cm, and the seeding quantity is 6-10 kg/mu. Watering once every day until seedlings emerge and reach the stage of jointing (three leaves), watering once every week until the frozen water is watered, and watering the green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, 12-16 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

If the gentle slope area belongs to a typical grassland area surface soil or a mine pit with seriously damaged geology, soil improvement and soil fixation are firstly carried out before planting native plants, and a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and cut; otherwise, the field waste sundries are firstly cleaned in the gentle slope planting area, and no-tillage reseeding planting is carried out 3 days before the rainy season comes. The soil improvement comprises the steps of spraying 12-18 kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu in the early stage, applying 14-18 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in areas where strong acid and strong base inhibit plant growth or applying 2.1-3.6 tons of farmyard manure per mu, and improving the pH value and the property of the soil. Soil is fixed including the level and smooth, manger plate, drainage, refluence, the work of converging in place, make drainage, refluence, the work of converging, and the fixed and supporting facility's of watering of festival drainage system is unobstructed when guaranteeing the rainy season, covers the grass curtain etc. after planting.

Ecological restoration of second and deviated slopes

Planting native plants in a single-sowing mode and a mixed-sowing mode in a side slope area caused by surface soil or geological damage in a typical grassland area for ecological restoration, wherein the native plants comprise leymus chinensis, lysimachia, old awn, common festuca herb, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum, India artemisia, artemisia frigida, filica, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, meliitus ruthenicus, oxytropis latifolia and wild barley. The botanical characteristics of these 15 indigenous plant species are summarized:

Grass Aneurolepidium. dasystachys (Trin) Nevski, is a rhizome of perennial grass of the grass family, with downward-extending and transverse-moving roots. The habitat is wide, and can be seen in sand, deteriorated grassland and mountain grassland belts. Rhizome or whole herb is used as medicine.

Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn.et Merr. is a perennial herb of the genus Alcaliella of the family Gramineae. Wide distribution, and can be grown on mild saline-alkaline wet grassland, field, stream, river valley and low meadow salinized sand land. The common Cymbopogon root is a forage grass which is favored by livestock.

Agropyron cristatum (L.) gartner is a perennial herb of the grass family, the genus Agropyron, growing on dry grass, hills and sand. The wheatgrass is excellent forage grass, is most favored by horses and sheep in green and fresh periods, is also favored by cattle and camels, has good nutritional value, and is moderate fattening feed.

Several kinds of Artemisia annua L.Ex Bess. diffa Gao are typical sandy middle shrubs, often associated with sandy plants such as Agriophyllum squarrosum, serve as pioneer species for sand vegetation succession, invade and fix on the moving sand semi-fixed sand hill group, play strong wind and sand fixing roles, are good sand fixing pioneer plants, are drought-resistant, grow on the lower half of the windward slope of the semi-fixed sand hill and the moving sand hill, and have deep main roots and developed lateral roots. After most root systems are exposed, the life can be still kept hard. In the sandy half shrub artemisia, the Gahaoba artemisia is one with relatively high palatability and has obvious feeding value.

Oxytropis gracilima Bunge, Oxytropis gracilima, Oxytropis, perennial herb of Oxytropis, Leguminosae, Oxytropis, growing in sandy beach, sandy wasteland, sand dune, sandy slope and hilly area sunny slope. Is a sandy plant with grassland, is warm, and the whole herb can digest food and invigorate spleen. The sandzhen sea-buckthorn beans, sheep, goats and camels in both green and dry states are fond of eating and can be used as improved grass seeds for grazing land in grassland and desert grassland.

Wherein the unicast planting varieties comprise herba Leymi chinensis, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, herba Elsholtziae Calycocarpae, splendid achnatherum, multiple-petaloup, Artemisia frigida, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissus ruthenicus and Hordeum vulgare.

Unicast planting: the artificial drilling seeding is used for seeding, the seeding time is 5 months later, the seeding depth of the leymus chinensis is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 27-32 cm, and the seeding quantity is 10-13 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the wheatgrass is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-9 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the old awn wheat is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 22-28 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-10 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the lysimachia is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 30-35 cm, and the sowing quantity is 11-14 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the Alcalia cylindrical seeds is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the sowing quantity is 2-5 kg/mu. The seeding depth of splendid achnatherum is 1.8-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 19-24 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-6 kg/mu. The planting depth of the several artemisia capillaris is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-31 cm, and the planting quantity is 1.5-3.3 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the cold wormwood is 0.6-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 1.5-4 kg/mu. The planting depth of the filipendula is 1-3.5 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the planting quantity is 2.4-5 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the elytrigia repens is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 28-35 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the astragalus mongholicus with the oblique stems is 1-4 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 4-7 kg/mu. The sowing depth of the alfalfa beans is 1-4 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 4-7 kg/mu. The wild barley seeding depth is 1.5-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the seeding amount is 5-9 kg/mu. Covering with straw curtains after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw curtains, watering once a week until the seedlings are watered with frozen water, and watering green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

Wherein the mixed sowing planting variety comprises Leymus chinensis, Lysimachia capillipes, Elsholtzia ciliata, Agropyron cristatum, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia frigida, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis arenicola, Oxytropis leafata and Hordeum vulgare. When the mixed sowing is carried out, pioneer plants (annual) barley and ryegrass (wet and bottom) participate, otherwise, the repair effect cannot be realized by the repair of local plant (perennial) plants in the first year, and the effect can be realized in the second year, so the repair effect in the first year can only be realized by the pioneer plants. The mixed sowing planting in the slope ecological restoration comprises three mixed sowing modes, wherein each mixed sowing mode is mixed with barley or ryegrass as pioneer plants. Mixed seeding one: barley, grass, wheatgrass, artemisia parvifolia, alfalfa bean and sand-treasure sea-weed, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.4-2.8: 1.8-2.2: 2-2.3: 1: 1.5-2: 1.3 to 1.6. And mixed seeding II: barley, Chinese wildrye, wild awn, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and acanthopanax leafmulberry, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 2.5-3: 1.6-2: 1.8-2.1: 1: 1.5-1.9: 1.2 to 1.6. Mixed seeding is carried out: the seed volume ratio of the ryegrass, the common alidium, the elytrigia repens, the splendid achnatherum, the astragalus mongholicus and the artemisia frigida is 2-2.3: 1.1-1.3: 1.8-2: 1.2-1.6: 1.1-1.4: 1 are blended.

Mixed sowing and planting: sowing is carried out by a machine, the sowing time is 5 months later, the soil covering thickness is 1-4 cm after sowing, and the sowing amount is 8-12 kg/mu. Covering with straw curtains after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw curtains, watering once a week until the seedlings are watered with frozen water, and watering green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom. In addition, manually drilling in the laid biological basketries or grass squares (the typical grassland area is the biological basketries, and the typical grassland area is the grass squares), wherein the sowing time is 5 months and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 24-38 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; watering once every day until seedlings emerge and reach the stage of jointing (three leaves), watering once every week until the frozen water is watered, and watering the green-turning water in the next year. In the next year, 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied once before the planted local plants bloom.

If the slope area belongs to a typical grassland area surface soil or a mine pit with seriously damaged geology, soil improvement and soil fixation are firstly carried out before planting native plants, and a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and cut; otherwise, the field waste sundries are firstly cleaned in the gentle slope planting area, and no-tillage reseeding planting is carried out 3 days before the rainy season comes. The soil improvement comprises the steps of spraying 12-16 kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu in the early stage, applying 14-18 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in areas where strong acid and strong base inhibit plant growth or applying 2.1-3.6 tons of farmyard manure per mu, and improving the pH value and the property of the soil. The soil fixation comprises the steps of leveling, retaining water, draining, flowing backwards and converging of a field, the drainage, flowing backwards and converging work is well done, the smoothness of a drainage system in rainy seasons is ensured, the slope is fixed, the supporting facilities for irrigation are laid, a biological fence or a grass square is laid on the slope, and a grass curtain and the like are covered after planting.

Example (b):

the Herenbeil grassland is one of the most important animal husbandry bases in China and is also the area with the most abundant ecological types and biological diversity in grassland landscapes in northern China. The serenbel of sand dust and sand storm, which has been rarely seen in history, is nowadays more and more frequent in spring and autumn. The method is closely related to the excessive utilization of grassland, and grassland vegetation is influenced and destroyed by activities such as grassland coal mining, grassland reclamation and agricultural product planting to different degrees, and a grassland ecological environment system is destroyed more deeply.

Investigation of climate environment water marks and the like in a test area: za bestow (lai) located in Norel in the northeast of the inner Mongolian autonomous region, in Hendebel, in the northwest of Renbel, in the east of Mandarin river and the left flag of Newbal tiger, in the south of Helun lake, in the west and south of the North of Mandarin river bordered by the right flag of Newbal tiger, and in the north of Mandarin river. The prefecture layout is irregular and long-strip-shaped, spans 49 degrees 19 '12' to 49 degrees 46 '05' of north latitude, 117 degrees 12 '46' to 117 degrees 53 '30' of east longitude, the east longitude and the west maximum distance 49.77 ㎞, the south and north maximum distance 49.83 ㎞ and the total area is 312 square kilometers. Za bestow Nor belongs to northern temperate zone semiarid continental climate with cold climate, four seasons distinct, short frost-free period, sufficient sunshine and large day and night temperature difference. The cold-proof and frost-proof tea is short and warm in summer, drought and windy in spring, rapid in temperature reduction in autumn, early in frost and long and cold in winter. After 1996 the climate conditions changed significantly. The average temperature of Za bestow Noll is 1.0 deg.C. The lowest temperature is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃ for 30 days every year, the average temperature in 1 month is minus 23.8 ℃, and the extreme lowest temperature is minus 42.7 ℃ (1960, 1 month and 16 days); the average temperature in summer is 19.8 ℃, and the maximum temperature in the extreme is 40.5 ℃ (7 months and 21 days in 2004). Annual average gas pressure 934.6 mpa. The average precipitation was 350.1 mm before 1996 and 303.2 mm after 1996. Precipitation is concentrated in seventy-eight months and is unevenly distributed in the interpersonal period. Annual precipitation was a maximum of 448.01 mm (1958) and a minimum of 141.6 mm (2004). Before 1996, the average annual sunshine hours was 2868.6 hours, and after 1996, 4453.7-4463.9 hours. In 1971-2000, the average annual evaporation capacity was 1518.3 mm. The main wind direction all the year around is southwest wind, the average wind speed is 4.1 m/s, and the number of gale days above grade 8 is 40.1 days every year.

Za bestow Renbell high plains at Noel, a typical grassland zone. The north and northeast parts are connected with the hills of the lower mountains, and the terrain is high in the north east and low in the south west. The local undulation is in a slow wave shape. The test area belongs to a continental monsoon climate in a cold-warm zone, the climate is long and cold in winter, short and concentrated in rainwater in summer, rapid in temperature change in spring and autumn, large in wind power and long in time.

Survey and statistics of vegetation types in the test area: on the basis of previous research, vegetation type survey statistics is carried out on an ecological restoration test area and a peripheral area of a Za bestow Noel area in Helunebel, 43 sampling points are collected in total, field real-land survey, specimen collection and classification identification are carried out, specimen information inquiry is carried out by means of a digital specimen platform and a specimen chamber, meanwhile, a seed plant name list in the area is collected and sorted by combining literature data, and the ecological type statistics and analysis of plant families, genera, species, life types and water are carried out to obtain the following conclusion: the plant species in the test area are simpler due to special geographical positions, climatic environments, ground surface damage and geological structure change. The collected plants were 22 species belonging to 18 genera of 6 families, of which the gramineae species were 8 species at the maximum and accounted for 36.4% of the total number of seeds, while the chenopodiaceae species were 7 species and accounted for 31.8% of the total number of seeds; secondly, according to the number of the seeds, the seeds are of the family Compositae, the family Leguminosae, the family Amaranthaceae and the family Polygonaceae; the content of the seed number is respectively 4, 1 and 1, and the proportion is 18.2%, 4.6%, 4.5% and 4.5% in sequence. There were 3 types of plant life types in the test area, namely shrubs, annual and perennial herbs. Wherein the annual herbaceous plants are in the top, 16 plants account for 72.7 percent of the total number; the perennial herbs comprise 5 kinds, accounting for 22.7 percent of the total number; there are 1 species of shrubs, accounting for 4.6% of the total number. It is stated that the plants in this area are the type of communities with annual and perennial herbs in absolute dominance and constitute the basis of herbs. The repair of this area should be made primarily of herbs. The ecological type of plant moisture in the test area can be subdivided into 7 types of wet growth, wet middle growth, dry middle growth, middle dry growth, dry growth and strong dry growth, wherein the number of the dry plants is 8 at most and accounts for 36.4 percent of the total number, and the number of the dry plants is 5 and accounts for 22.7 percent of the total number. The ecological type of the plant water in the area can be roughly divided into 3 categories, wherein 17 kinds of xerophytes (xerophytes, mesotrophy and strong xerophytes) account for 77.3 percent of the total number; the number of the middle-plant plants is 3 (middle-plant and dry middle-plant), and the number of the middle-plant plants accounts for 13.6 percent of the total number; the number of hygrophytes is only 2, accounting for 9.1% of the total number. This may be related to the reasons of the special geographical location, climate environment, ground surface damage, geological structure change, etc. of the ecological restoration test area of Zlunebel, Zhao bestow Noel. The above shows that the xerophytes in the ecological restoration test area of Za bestow Noel area in Renbell City have absolute advantages, and the secondary plants are secondary plants.

And (3) sampling and analyzing soil in a test area: collecting soil sample and chemically analyzing soil in Herenbel City Za bestow Noel zone ecological restoration test zone, collecting 43 parts of soil sample, and analyzing total salt content and CO content of the soil sample₃ ^2-、HCO^-、Cl^-、SO₄ ^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺+K⁺Organic matter, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, hydrolyzable nitrogen, PH and conductivity are analyzed by an assay to obtain the following conclusions: the method comprises the following steps of collecting 43 parts of soil samples in a test area, namely 43 soil sample points, wherein the No. 7, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, 21, 23-27, 29, 31, 34 and 39 points have slight salinization of soil, and slightly inhibit the growth of plants; the No. 5, 16, 17, 20 and 22 points are moderately salted and have moderate inhibition effect on plants; the sites 3, 13, 15, 35, 41 and 42 are heavily salinized, which can severely inhibit the growth of plants and even cause the death of the plants, and saline-alkali tolerant plants should be planted or planted after the salinized sites are improved by some salinized land improvement methods. Sites 4, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 33-43 have a low content of hydrolyzable nitrogen. The 16 th to 32 th point sites are all alkaline earth, and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium are high. The 25 th to 28 th and 30 th points have high organic matter, phosphorus and potassium contents and low content of hydrolyzable nitrogen. The nutrient content of the soil at the 31 st and 32 nd sites is lower, wherein the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen at the 31 st site is low; the 32 nd site has low organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents. The No. 35 and No. 36 sites are strong acid soil, and the No. 38 site isIn order to prevent the growth of plants from being affected by the acidic soil, the improvement of the soil is recommended before planting. The organic matter content outside the No. 33-37, 39, 40, 42 and 43 points is lower; the effective phosphorus content outside the sites 33-39, 41 and 42 is not high; the quick-acting potassium contents outside No. 33, No. 35-38 and No. 40-43 points are all not high.

Based on experiments and scientific achievements of predecessors, the domestication and cultivation of the Holnober wild plants are carried out from 2014, the domestication and cultivation of grassland ecological seeds, wild flower plants and wild leguminous plants in the Holnober region, the collection of wild germplasm resources and other works are deeply carried out, and a batch of cold-resistant, drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant and barren-resistant rural plant varieties for the ecological restoration of deteriorated grassland, desertified grassland, saline-alkali land and mines are quickly bred. Tests, planting, observation and propagation are carried out. The method has the advantages that the method grasps the botanical characteristics of the local plant varieties and provides the most complete theoretical and practical foundation for the technology of mass popularization and propagation of the local plant varieties. A large amount of planting and cultivating experiences and technical test data are accumulated. The perennial cold-resistant plant varieties in the local areas have fast invasion, strong durability and stable growth conditions.

Through investigation statistics on the vegetation types in the ecological restoration test area of Renbell, Zhaobei, bestow Noel, soil sampling analysis, preparation work in the early period of an experimental team, climate environment water marks and the like, the method has the following results: the gentle slope ecological restoration of the Renbell City Za bestow Noel area should select the cultivated local plant species according to the following principle:

(1) the selected plant variety is mainly herbaceous;

(2) selecting excellent plant varieties with excellent drought resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance genes;

(3) selecting plant varieties with strong adaptability, excellent stress resistance and salt and alkali tolerance;

(4) the method is characterized in that plant varieties with acid-resistant quality and wide adaptability are selected for repairing acid soil in individual areas;

on the basis of previous investigation and research, the method combines literature data, collects and arranges the germplasm resources of the Relenbel region, screens the germplasm resources, and acclimatizes the germplasm resources to cultivate a batch of excellent local plant varieties. Perennial herbs and plant varieties meeting the above principles are selected for the construction of the one-hundred-year ecological restoration project experiment as follows:

for the gentle slope restoration, 14 kinds of local plant varieties of leymus chinensis, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, oxytropis lobata bean, acid-resistant grass, qia grass, palea and bromus formosanus are selected. For the slope restoration, 15 kinds of native plant varieties of Chinese wildrye, lysimachia, old mango, common fenugreek herb, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum herb, multi-petalomus artemisia, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, thinopyrum repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean, sand-precious sea-buckthorn bean, wild barley and multi-leafy sea-buckthorn bean are selected. These varieties are wild plant varieties in the Renbell area, possess cold-resistant genes which most plant varieties do not possess, and can well overwinter at a low temperature of below 45 ℃ below zero, thus being the most cold-resistant plant varieties. The forage grass can be used as an excellent plant variety for ecological restoration of grasslands, has large leaf amount, good palatability and rich nutrition, can be used as an excellent forage grass variety, has bright color and can be an excellent ground cover plant variety.

Test 1: selecting suitable native plants for gentle slope ecological restoration planting in the Za bestow Noel area to perform germination test, and counting and analyzing the germination test data.

The germination test is carried out on the selected native plants, namely, the Chinese wildrye, the old mango, the splendid achnatherum, the artemisia selengensis, the filigree, the elytrigia repens, the astragalus membranaceus, the alfalfa bean, the wild barley, the oxytropis leafflower bean, the acid-resistant grass, the Qia grass, the palea schoensis and the brome formosana, and the germination test is strictly carried out according to the germination test of grass seed test regulation GB/T2930.4-2017. The data of the germination test are collated and counted and are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Germination test data statistics

Note: the abbreviations have the following meanings: s-sand, TP-paper, N-normal germinating seed seedling, H-hard seed, F-fresh non-germinating seed, A-abnormal germinating seed seedling and D-dead seed.

From table 1, it can be seen that the germination rates of 14 local plants selected by the gentle slope ecological restoration test in the zhao bestow nuel area in trenebel city are high except for the small difference of the leymus chinensis, the perennial gramineous herbaceous plants have little fresh and non-germination phenomenon, and the perennial leguminous herbaceous plants generally have little hard seeds, and seed coats are uniformly contused during sowing so as to absorb water and germinate to improve the emergence rate. The germination test shows that the germination rates of the 14 local plants can be applied to planting in the restoration test.

Planting native plants such as herba Leymi chinensis, old Mangifera Indicae, splendid achnatherum, Artemisia frigida, Fimbristylis Dichotomae, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Hordeum vulgare, Oxytropis leafifolia, acid-resistant grass, Philippine grass, Hierochloa glauca and bromus formosanus, and performing ecological restoration on the gentle slope of Za bestow Noel region. Setting a test area by a unicast and mixed sowing planting mode and a soil improvement and fixing (slope protection and water and soil conservation) mode, observing the growth conditions of planting varieties and collocation modes through the gift washing of environmental factors such as rain, snow, wind frost and the like, and carrying out data statistics and analysis.

14 kinds of native plants, namely, leymus chinensis, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean, wild barley, oxytropis lobata, acid-resistant grass, uniform grass, lemongrass and bromus formosanus, are planted in the gentle slope ecological restoration test of the Zao bestow Noel region in Huenbeier city. 2 modes of unicast planting and mixed seeding planting are adopted. After 3 years (2016-2018), the growth conditions of planted varieties and matching modes are observed through the gifting of environmental factors such as rain, snow, wind frost and the like, and data statistics is carried out. (the data observed in the table below are the growth data observed on the same plant at the same sampling site and at the same time for the plants grown in the test area). See tables 2, 3, 4.

Table 22016 years Herenbel City Za bestow Nule district gentle slope ecological restoration experimental variety growth observation

Note: all data are the average number of 5 plants randomly selected per planting field plant variety for the first observation and marked for the next observation.

TABLE 32017 growth observation of Relunebel City Za bestow Noel region gentle slope ecological restoration experimental variety

Table 42018 years of observation of growth of Hulunbel city Zhang bestow Nuar region gentle slope ecological restoration experimental variety

As can be seen from tables 2, 3 and 4, the planting effect of the native plants acanthopanax leafatus, the acid-resistant grass, the qia grass, the palea and the awnless brome in the unicast planting variety is good in the Renbell area Za bestow Noll ecological restoration test. The method comprises the following steps of co-sowing native plants in a co-sowing planting variety 1 (mixing ryegrass, leymus chinensis, malpighia multiflora and alfalfa beans at a seed volume ratio of 2.4-2.7: 1.6-2: 1.3-1.5: 1.5-1.8: 0.9-1.2), co-sowing 2 (mixing ryegrass, elytrigia repens, splendid achnatherum, stigmaea filiformis and astragalus mongholicus at a seed volume ratio of 1.8-2.2: 1.2-1.5: 0.6-0.8: 0.4-0.7: 1), co-sowing 3 (mixing ryegrass, lemongrass, acidum repens, elytrigia repens and echinus polyphylla at a seed volume ratio of 1.9-2.3: 0.7-1: 1.5-1.8: 1.6-1.8: 0.9-1.1), co-sowing 4 (mixing ryegrass, malpigweed and asparagus cochinchinensis at a seed volume ratio of 1.8-1.1.1.3: 1.8: 1.1.1.8).

And (4) conclusion: through investigation statistics of vegetation types before restoration, plant life type analysis in a test area, plant water ecotype analysis, soil sampling analysis, plant botanical characteristics and application, climate environment water marks and the like, 14 kinds of local plants which accord with the analysis results are selected for the ecological restoration test of the gentle slope in the Renbell City Zao bestow Noel area. And finally confirming 14 kinds of gentle slope ecological restoration tests of Zhanbeier city Zhan bestow Nuoer region generation in the rural plants of guinea grass, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, medicago sativa, hordeum vulgare, echinus leafflower, acid-tolerant grass, sedum, lemongrass and bromus formosanus after the germination test analysis, the local plant variety collocation mode for the gentle slope ecological restoration of the Zhanbeier city Zhan bestow Nuoer region and the planting. The method has a preliminary effect in a short time by planting the native plants, and gradually produces a larger effect, thereby providing an area which is unavailable in the past and can be used for demonstration for ecological restoration of typical grassland areas, even improvement of degenerated grassland, desertification grassland treatment, improvement of saline-alkali soil, mine ecological restoration and urban greening in the future. Meanwhile, the difficulty of plant variety shortage for ecological restoration in China is compensated and enriched. Provides feasible technical foundation and scientific theoretical basis for constructing the one-hundred-year ecological restoration project.

And creating and forming a technical integration mode of typical grassland area ecological restoration of the system through the test area. And demonstrates the radiation after the technology is completed to all typical grassland areas of the inner Mongolia autonomous region. Ecological restoration in typical grassland areas is beneficial to improving the ecological environment quality of grasslands and restoring soil productivity.

Test 2: selecting suitable native plants for ecological restoration and planting in the slope of the Norel area Za bestow to perform germination test, and counting and analyzing the germination test data.

And carrying out germination tests on the selected native plants, namely, the Chinese wildrye, the lysimachia, the old mango, the common curculigo rhizome, the wheatgrass, the splendid achnatherum, the multiple-crotalaria herb, the artemisia selengensis, the filigree dahlia, the elytrigia repens, the elytium strictum, the oxytropis praecox, the oxytropis repens, the oxytropis sudahlia, the oxytropis leafata and the wild barley, wherein the germination tests are strictly carried out according to the germination test of grass seed test regulation GB/T2930.4-2017. The data of the germination test are collated and counted, see table 5.

TABLE 5 Germination test data statistics

From table 5, it can be seen that the germination rates of 15 local plants selected in the Herenbel city zha bestow Noel region slope ecological restoration test are high except for the fact that the leymus chinensis and the lysimachia capillipes are slightly inferior, the perennial gramineous herbaceous plants have a few fresh and non-germination phenomena, and the perennial leguminous herbaceous plants generally have a few hard seeds, and seed coats are uniformly contused during sowing to ensure that the seeds absorb water and germinate so as to improve the germination rate. The germination rate of the above 15 kinds of native plants can be applied to the planting in the restoration test.

Planting native plants such as herba Leymi chinensis, Lysimachiae Foenum-graeci, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, rhizoma Imperatae, fructus splendid achnatherum, multiple-peta artemisia, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Elephantopi, Elytrigia repens, radix astragali, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis angustifolia, Oxytropis leafata, and Hordeum vulgare for ecological restoration of the slope of Za bestow Noel region. Setting a test area by a unicast and mixed sowing planting mode and a soil improvement and fixing (slope protection and water and soil conservation) mode, observing the growth conditions of planting varieties and collocation modes through the gift washing of environmental factors such as rain, snow, wind frost and the like, and carrying out data statistics and analysis.

A test for ecologically restoring the partial slope of Za bestow Noel region in Hurenbel city includes planting native plants such as herba Leymi chinensis, Lysimachia, Alcalix, Bingcao, splendid achnatherum, multiple Artemisia, Artemisia frigida, Eleocharitis, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis angustifolia, Oxytropis leucovora, Oxytropis myriophylla, and Hordeum vulgare. 2 modes of unicast planting and mixed seeding planting are adopted. After 3 years (2016-2018), the growth conditions of planted varieties and matching modes are observed through the gifting of environmental factors such as rain, snow, wind frost and the like, and data statistics is carried out. (the data observed in the table below are the growth data observed on the same plant at the same sampling site and at the same time for the plants grown in the test area). See tables 6, 7, 8.

Table 62016 shows the growth observation of the variety of the Relunebel city Zhao bestow Noel region slope ecological restoration test

Table 72017 Observation of growth of Herenbel City Za bestow Noel zone slope ecological restoration experimental variety

TABLE 82018 year reonbel City Za bestow Noel regional slope ecological restoration experimental variety growth observation

Note: all data are the average number of randomly selected 5 plants per planting field plant variety for the first observation and marked for the next observation

As can be seen from tables 6, 7 and 8, the planting effect of native plants, i.e., guinea grass, wheatgrass, loving grass, lysimachia, splendid achnatherum, several-petunia, artemisia psychra, filigree, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, meliitus ruthensis and wild barley, in the single-planted variety of Zhanbei city Zhao bestow Noil ecological restoration test is good. The method comprises the following steps of co-sowing 1 (barley, lysimachia, wheatgrass, artemisia longipedunculata, meliitus ruthensis and hippophae rhamnoides) of native plants in a co-sowing planting variety, mixing the 1 (barley, lysimachia, wheatgrass, artemisia longipedunculata, 2.3: 1: 1.5-2: 1.3-1.6) of seeds, co-sowing 2 (barley, leymus chinensis, old awn, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and acanthopanax leafflower bean, mixing the 2 (barley, leymus chinensis, old aweto, wild barley and acanthopanax leafflower) of seeds, mixing the 2 (barley, leymus chinensis, agropyron triticum uncis, splendid achnatherum, astragalus mongolicum and acanthopanax juba) of seeds at a seed volume ratio of 2.4-2.8-2: 1.8-2: 1.6: 1.1.1.4: 1.6) of seeds, and mixing the effects.

And (4) conclusion: through investigation statistics of vegetation types before restoration, plant life type analysis in a test area, plant water ecotype analysis, soil sampling analysis, plant botanical characteristics and application, climate environment water marks and the like, 15 kinds of local plants which accord with the analysis results are selected for the ecological restoration test of the slope deviation in the Renbell City Zao bestow Noel area. And finally confirming 15 kinds of local plants, namely, leymus chinensis, lysimachia sonchifolia, Elymus formosanus, Elephantopus, agropyron cristatum, splendid achnatherum, Elephantopus, Artemisia longipedunculata, Artemisia frigida, Elaphania filiformis, Elytrigia repens, Astragalus mongholicus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis arenaria, Oxytropis leafata and Hordeum vulgare, which are subjected to a slope attitude restoration test in a Za bestow Noel area of Reynebel city through germination test analysis, and ecological restoration in a slope in a Za bestow Noel area of Renbel. The method has a preliminary effect in a short time by planting the native plants, and gradually produces a larger effect, thereby providing an area which is unavailable in the past and can be used for demonstration for ecological restoration of typical grassland areas, even improvement of degenerated grassland, desertification grassland treatment, improvement of saline-alkali soil, mine ecological restoration and urban greening in the future. Meanwhile, the difficulty of plant variety shortage for ecological restoration in China is compensated and enriched. Provides feasible technical foundation and scientific theoretical basis for constructing the one-hundred-year ecological restoration project.

The ecological restoration in the Relunbaza bestow Noel area and the application research of suitable local plants realize the restoration of the ecological system of the waste grassland and the reconstruction of ecological landscape, and the ecological environment display, tour and sightseeing, local plant seed field and other scenic areas with integrated functions. The restoration scheme and the restoration method which are rapid in restoration, durable in effect and remarkable in economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit are provided for the comprehensive treatment of the environment of the typical grassland area in the Hulunbel area. Meanwhile, a batch of plant germplasm resources for repairing the typical grassland area in the Hulunbel area are cultivated. The ecological environment is improved, and the geological environment management engineering ensures that the Zha bestow Noel area is maintained elegant and comfortable, the landscape is pleasant, the engineering becomes an ideal place for leisure and entertainment of people in the Zha bestow Noel area and an important carrier of mining area culture, the teaching and aesthetic functions of the mining area are fully exerted, the working pressure of people is relieved, the living environment is improved, and people are comfortable in mood and harmonious in relationship. And the ecological restoration engineering can prevent wind and fix sand, and has the functions of regulating climate, optimizing water environment and perfecting water drainage. The water can be stored when the waterlogging is drained intensively in heavy rain, and the water can be released when the waterlogging is dry, so that the water requirement for self maintenance is met, the restoration process of the pit is displayed in a landscape greening mode, and the aim of ecological restoration is fulfilled.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and those skilled in the art who have the benefit of the present disclosure may devise many other varied embodiments that still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising two parts of gentle slope ecological restoration and slope ecological restoration:

ecological restoration of gentle slope: planting native plants in a gentle slope area caused by surface soil or geological destruction in a typical grassland area in a mode of single-cast planting and mixed sowing for ecological restoration, wherein the native plants comprise Chinese wildrye, old awn, splendid achnatherum, artemisia selengensis, filipendula, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, meliitus ruthensis, barley malus, acanthopanax bean, acid-tolerant grass, common rue grass, lemongrass and bromus formosanus, the single-cast planting varieties comprise the Chinese spiny grass, the acid-tolerant grass, the common rue grass and the bromus formosanus, the mixed sowing planting varieties comprise the Chinese wildgrass, the old awn, the splendid achnatherum, the artemisia selengensis, the elytrigia repens, the astragalus mongolicus, the melissa officinalis, the wild barley, the acid-tolerant grass, the lemongrass and the bromus formosanus;

the single-sowing planting specific method in the gentle slope ecological restoration comprises the following steps: sowing is carried out by manual drilling, the sowing time is 5 months later, the sowing depth of the acanthopanax spinosus is 1-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 3-8 kg/mu; the planting depth of the acid-resistant grass is 1-5 cm, the row spacing is 23-28 cm, and the planting quantity is 7-10 kg/mu; the seeding depth of the Qiacao is 0.8-4 cm, the row spacing is 24-30 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-8 kg/mu; sowing seeds of the palea and the lemongrass at a depth of 1-5 cm, a row spacing of 28-33 cm and a sowing amount of 8-13 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the awnless brome is 1-5.2 cm, the row spacing is 29-34 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-11 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the second year, applying a primary fertilizer compound fertilizer 12-15 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;

and C, mixed seeding: ryegrass, bromus formosanus, awnless wheat, artemisia selengensis, wild barley and polygonum aviculare, wherein the volume ratio of seeds is 1.8-2.3: 1.3-1.6: 1.8-2.1: 0.5-0.7: 1.4-1.8: 1.1-1.4 mixing;

in addition, manually drilling in rugged and complex terrain and edge areas, wherein the sowing time is 5 months, the sowing depth is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 24-38 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; watering once every day until seedlings emerge and reach the stage of pulling, watering once every week until the frozen water is watered, and watering the green-turning water in the second year; in the second year, applying a primary fertilizer compound fertilizer 12-16 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;

ecological restoration of a deviated slope: planting native plants including herba Leymi chinensis, Lysimachia capillipes, Elymus formosana, Alcalia odorata, Agrimonia splendens, Eleutherococcus, Artemisia annua, Elaphyllum capillipes, Elaphyllum splendens, Elaphyllum parvifolium, Artemisia capillaris, Elaphyllum elongatum, Astragalus membranaceus, Melissitus ruthenicus, Oxytropis arenaria, Oxytropis leafata and Hordeum vulgare L in a single-broadcast planting mode and a mixed broadcast planting mode in a typical grassland area; wherein the unicast planting varieties comprise Chinese wildrye, wheatgrass, lysimachia, old mango, common fescue, splendid achnatherum, multiple-stemona, artemisia frigida, filigree, thinopyrum repens, astragalus membranaceus, alfalfa bean and wild barley; the mixed sowing planting variety comprises leymus chinensis, lysimachia, old awn, common curculigo rhizome, wheatgrass, splendid achnatherum, multi-bauhinia, artemisia selengensis, elytrigia repens, astragalus mongholicus, meliitus ruthensis, oxytropis arenaria, oxytropis leafata and wild barley;

unicast planting in the slope ecological restoration: sowing is carried out by manual drilling, the sowing time is 5 months, the sowing depth of the leymus chinensis is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 27-32 cm, and the sowing quantity is 10-13 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the wheatgrass is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-9 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the old aweto is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 22-28 cm, and the sowing quantity is 7-10 kg/mu; the grass planting depth is 2-5 cm, the row spacing is 30-35 cm, and the planting amount is 11-14 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the Alcalia odorata is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the sowing amount is 2-5 kg/mu; the seeding depth of splendid achnatherum is 1.8-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 19-24 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-6 kg/mu; the multi-windrow artemisia apiacea seeding depth is 0.8-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-31 cm, and the seeding quantity is 1.5-3.3 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the cold wormwood is 0.6-3.2 cm, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 1.5-4 kg/mu; the planting depth of the filipendula is 1-3.5 cm, the row spacing is 18-24 cm, and the planting amount is 2.4-5 kg/mu; the sowing depth of the elytrigia repens is 2-4 cm, the row spacing is 28-35 cm, and the sowing quantity is 6-10 kg/mu; sowing the astragalus mongholicus with the oblique stems at a depth of 1-4 cm, a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a sowing amount of 4-7 kg/mu; sowing the alfalfa beans at a depth of 1-4 cm, a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a sowing amount of 4-7 kg/mu; the wild barley sowing depth is 1.5-4 cm, the row spacing is 18-25 cm, and the sowing amount is 5-9 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the second year, applying a primary fertilizer compound fertilizer 12-15 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;

2. The typical grassland area side slope ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein if the gentle slope area belongs to a typical grassland area surface soil or a pit with seriously damaged geology, soil improvement and soil fixation are performed before planting native plants, a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and slopes are cut, otherwise, field waste sundries are cleaned in the gentle slope planting area, and no-tillage additional planting is performed 3 days before a rainy season comes;

the soil fixation comprises the steps of leveling, retaining water, draining, backflow and confluence of a field, the draining, backflow and confluence work is well done, the smoothness of a drainage system in rainy seasons is ensured, and the gentle slope is fixed and the irrigation supporting facilities are laid.

3. The typical grassland area side slope ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein if the deviated slope area belongs to a pit where surface soil or geology of the typical grassland area is seriously damaged, soil improvement and soil fixation are performed before planting native plants, a slope planting area is mechanically leveled and slopes are cut, otherwise, field waste impurities are cleaned in a gentle slope planting area, and no-tillage additional planting is performed 3 days before a rainy season comes;

the soil fixation comprises the steps of leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow and confluence of a field, and the drainage, backflow and confluence work is well done, so that smoothness of a drainage system in rainy season is guaranteed, slope fixing is realized, and irrigation supporting facilities are laid.

4. The typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed seeding planting in the side slope ecological restoration is as follows: sowing is carried out by using a machine, the sowing time is 5 months later, the soil covering thickness is 1-4 cm after sowing, and the sowing amount is 8-12 kg/mu; covering with a straw mat after seeding, watering once a day until seedlings eject out of the straw mat, watering once a week until frozen water is watered, and watering green-turning water in the next year; in the second year, applying a primary fertilizer compound fertilizer 12-15 kg/mu before the flowering of the planted native plants;