CN114737580A - Ecological restoration method for side slope in grassland area - Google Patents

Ecological restoration method for side slope in grassland area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114737580A
CN114737580A CN202210488995.5A CN202210488995A CN114737580A CN 114737580 A CN114737580 A CN 114737580A CN 202210488995 A CN202210488995 A CN 202210488995A CN 114737580 A CN114737580 A CN 114737580A
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fiber
coconut shell
side slope
fiber net
soil
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CN114737580B (en
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蒋冲
张海燕
王钧
宫清华
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Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Guangzhou Institute of Geography of GDAS
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou
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Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Guangzhou Institute of Geography of GDAS
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area. The method for restoring the ecological slope of the grassland area adopts the cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net which are alternately paved into the composite fiber net for fixing seeds and keeping water and soil. The modified coconut shell thin fiber net has extremely strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, can well retain water and nutrients required by seed germination and growth, and the cotton fiber has stronger deformation resistance, can effectively prevent the deformation of the composite fiber net, and provides nutrition for the growth of seeds along with natural decomposition. The cotton thin fiber net and the coconut shell thin fiber net provided by the invention are alternately laid into the composite fiber net, so that the growth of plant root systems is facilitated, the effect of fixing the plant root systems is achieved, the mechanical production can be realized, the laying construction is convenient and fast, compared with a concrete grid, the cost is low, the construction is more convenient, and the slope ecology in a grassland area can be completely restored to the original state.

Description

Ecological restoration method for side slope in grassland area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area.
Background
The grassland at the upstream of the Yangtze river is an important ecological functional area, is an important barrier for the wetland ecology of the forest grassland in China, and is also one of the plateau ecological fragile areas. Due to the influence of human factors such as geographic position, climate change, population development, livestock overload, excessive reclamation and cutting, excessive digging and excessive mining and the like, the phenomena of large-area desertification and pot bottom pits (mine pits) occur.
A soil bioengineering-slope ecology restoration technology is a new technology for effectively restoring the grassland slope ecology. Soil bioengineering is a bioengineering established on the basis of reliable soil engineering, namely, an integrated engineering technology which adopts surviving plants and other auxiliary materials to construct various side slope (mountain slope, river and lake reservoir embankment, coast slope and the like) structures, realizes the functions of stabilizing the side slope, reducing water and soil loss, improving habitat and the like. The method for stabilizing the side slope by using plants has been ancient, and becomes an important engineering means for side slope stabilization, erosion control and habitat restoration in Europe and America as soon as 20 years ago.
The ecological restoration effect and effect of soil bioengineering are increasingly known. Modern soil bioengineering requires the application of the principle of ecology, makes intensive investigation and design to actual plants and soil systems, utilizes the strengthening of plants to soil structure, the restriction to surface soil particle motion, and the effect such as improvement to the side slope ecosystem, not only can stabilize the side slope and control soil erosion, can also ensure that the side slope vegetation level and vertical structure are reasonable, ecosystem succession is orderly and the view is graceful. The technical, ecological, economic and aesthetic advantages of soil bioengineering are evident compared to traditional engineering techniques. Of course, the soil bioengineering can not completely replace the traditional engineering technology, and the two are usually combined and completed in the engineering practice.
At present, the research of ecological engineering technology in China has been conducted with solid and deep analysis and research in various places such as the southwest and the northwest of China, the greening protection technology of ecological slopes in China is mainly practiced and innovated on the basis of introducing foreign advanced technology, the core of the technology is vegetation reconstruction and restoration technology, for example, the research of vegetation concrete slope protection technology, which is an ecological slope technology, is in international lead in Japan, and China is still in the test and popularization stage. The method comprises the steps of mixing soil, concrete, nutrients, a water-retaining agent, humus and grass seeds according to a certain proportion, spraying the mixture to a slope surface by using spray anchor equipment, covering a protective layer on the surface for maintenance, and removing the protective layer after seeds germinate to enable plants to grow naturally. By using the method, shrubs and trees can be planted on the slope surface, the slope protection effect is superior to that of the slope protection effect of the slope protection method of the grass plants, and therefore the slope protection method of the rocky slope can be used for rocky slope surfaces which are difficult to green or slope surfaces with relatively poor surface soil layers. The method has the defects that the construction cost of the concrete grids is high, the water retention capacity is poor, and the slope ecology can not be completely recovered.
At present, the research on the technical aspect in the northwest area of China is relatively deficient compared with the related technology of vegetation slope protection restoration under the side slope environmental conditions of desert, collapsible loess and the like, and compared with foreign countries, the related research in China is shallow and needs to be improved. In the engineering design and construction implementation of the collapsible loess side slope and the foundation in the northwest region at the present stage, the standard requirements on the slope vegetation protection and restoration of the side slope and the ecological protection engineering are generally not high. New materials, new processes, new technologies, new solutions, new concepts and matched construction equipment are required to be actively introduced, so that the scientific research level of loess ecological slope vegetation restoration in China is improved, the vegetation restoration quality in China is improved, and the engineering practice and application of collapsible loess slope protection vegetation restoration are scientifically guided. Further ensuring the successful implementation of vegetation slope protection restoration in the collapsible loess slope project construction in the future and actively promoting the gradual change of the collapsible loess slope project slope protection construction from a protected type to an ecological and environment-friendly green slope protection construction and implementation in China.
CN 113417251A discloses compound ecological bank protection of geotechnological cloth that permeates water of river course bar guest, including covering the geotechnological cloth on the river course side slope, the geotechnological cloth intussuseption is filled with soil and grass seeds, utilizes grass seeds root system and geotechnological cloth to protect the river course side slope jointly and makes it avoid the rainwash, and the surface of geotechnological cloth is equipped with a plurality of hold-down mechanism and kicking block mechanism, reaches the effect on firm soil layer, reduces not hard up of soil, increases the structural stability of ecological bank protection. The influence of the soil engineering cloth on the fertilizer and water retention capacity and the plant root growth is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area.
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises three parts: soil improvement, seed net laying and vegetation planting.
Preferably, the method for restoring the ecology of the side slope in the grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 8-12cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 12-18kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a 4-6cm thick soil layer, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and laying of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are one or two or more of saxifrage, leymus chinensis, artemisia selengensis, astragalus membranaceus, splendid achnatherum, filipendula, elytrigia repens, alfalfa beans, acid-resistant grass, old mango wheat and palea palustris, and the sowing amount is 25-40 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 15-20L/m2。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, the modified coconut fiber is delivered into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a modified coconut thin fiber web consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web after being paved by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the laid composite fiber web is 4-6mm, the pore diameter is 1-2mm, and the porosity is 35-40%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fibers to the modified coconut fibers is 1 (2-4).
In the needling process, the needling density is 50-80 needling/cm2The depth of the acupuncture is 3-6 mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
n1 mixing and fermenting 10-20 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.05-0.2 part of cellulomonas flavigena and 50-60 parts of water for 24-48h by mass, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber;
n2 pretreatment of the coconut shell fiber obtained in the step N1 according to the bath ratio of 1 g: (5-10) soaking the obtained product in 20-24 wt% aluminum chloride aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and oxidizing at 80-90 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain coconut shell fiber filled with aluminum oxide;
n3 the alumina-filled coconut coir prepared in step N2 was mixed in a bath ratio of 1 g: (10-20) soaking the obtained product in 35-45 wt% sulfuric acid, stirring at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 300r/min for reaction for 15-30min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fiber;
n4 mixing 5-10 parts of 23-24 wt% ammonia water and 5-10 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass to prepare an ammonia ethanol solution; placing 5-10 parts of the porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 in the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring and reacting for 2-4h at 40-50 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 150-300r/min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber;
n5, according to the mass portion, 5 to 10 portions of the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N4 are immersed into 90 to 95 portions of alkaline silica sol, stirred and reacted for 15 to 30min at the rotating speed of 150-.
The ultrasonic frequency is 40-60kHz, and the power is 100-200W.
The invention mainly aims at the defects that concrete grids in the vegetation concrete slope protection technology have high construction cost and poor water retention capacity and cannot completely restore the slope ecology, and provides a method for restoring the slope ecology in a grassland area. According to the invention, the degradable fiber cloth is adopted to replace concrete square, the manufacturing cost and the labor cost of laying are far less than those of concrete square grids, the concrete solidification does not need to be waited for, the laying efficiency is extremely high, the method is suitable for large-area slope ecological restoration, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved. The method for restoring the ecology of the side slope in the grassland area provided by the invention has no concrete grids with exposed surfaces, and can completely restore the ecology of the side slope in the grassland area to the original state.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth. In the prior art, a technology for preventing water and soil loss of a side slope by adopting geotextile exists. However, the geotextile has the defects of low decomposition speed, weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, inhibition of plant root growth and the like, and is not suitable for slope ecological restoration. Therefore, the invention adopts cotton fiber to make cotton thin fiber net, coconut shell fiber to make coconut shell thin fiber net, and lay composite fiber net, the thickness is 4-6mm, the aperture is 1-2mm, the porosity is 35-40%, it is easy to decompose, does not hinder the plant root growth.
Furthermore, the composite fiber net has limited water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the high porosity of the composite fiber net ensures that the composite fiber net has low mechanical strength and is easy to damage in construction. In order to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and mechanical strength of the degradable fiber cloth prepared by the invention, the coconut fiber is further modified by the invention. Firstly, the microorganisms in the xanthomonas flavigena are used for decomposing organic matters in the coconut shell fiber, so that the permeability of the coconut shell fiber is improved, and the pretreated coconut shell fiber is obtained; then, immersing the pretreated coconut fiber into an aluminum chloride aqueous solution to enable aluminum ions to be adsorbed and filled into the coconut fiber, and then drying and oxidizing in the air to obtain the coconut fiber filled with aluminum oxide, wherein the space between fiber cells is expanded due to the filling of nano aluminum oxide; then, the pretreated coconut fibers are soaked in sulfuric acid, nano-alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano-scale pores are formed among the fibers, and porous acidified coconut fibers are obtained; then, the porous acidified coconut shell fiber is treated by ammonia water and ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber, the ammoniated coconut shell fiber has an adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and the like in soil and water molecules, and can release ammonia fertilizer along with the decomposition of the coconut shell fiber, so that the micro-nano pores formed by removing alumina also have strong chelating metal ions and water retention capacity, and the synergistic effect of the two can greatly improve the fertilizer retention and water retention capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth. Finally, the prepared ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber is immersed in silica sol, and a protective layer formed by silicon-oxygen bond condensation in the process of drying the silica sol is utilized to improve the mechanical strength of the coconut shell fiber, so that the modified coconut shell fiber with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high mechanical strength is finally prepared and applied to degradable fiber cloth, the survival rate of seeds in the process of slope ecological restoration is greatly improved, the watering times are reduced, and the labor cost is saved.
Advantageous effects
1. According to the invention, the degradable fiber cloth is adopted to replace the concrete grids, the manufacturing cost and the labor cost for laying are far less than those of the concrete grids, the concrete solidification is not required to be waited for, the laying efficiency is extremely high, the method is suitable for large-area slope ecological restoration, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved. The method for restoring the ecology of the side slope in the grassland area provided by the invention has no concrete grids with exposed surfaces, and can completely restore the ecology of the side slope in the grassland area to the original state.
2. The invention adopts cotton fiber to make cotton thin fiber net, modified coconut shell fiber to make coconut shell thin fiber net, and lay composite fiber net, the thickness is 4-6mm, the aperture is 1-2mm, the porosity is 35-40%, it is easy to decompose, does not hinder the plant root growth.
3. According to the invention, the modified coconut fiber with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high mechanical strength is finally prepared by utilizing microbial decomposition, alumina filling, sulfuric acid treatment, ammonia water ethanol solution treatment and silica sol treatment in cellulomonas flavigena, and is applied to degradable fiber cloth, so that the survival rate of seeds in the slope ecological restoration process is greatly improved, the watering times are reduced, and the labor cost is saved.
Detailed Description
Cotton fiber, type: hy0081, Shandong Jiu Mian textile Co., Ltd.
Coconut shell fiber, good number: AL-588762176900, Youzhou Youzate traded, Inc.
Cellulomonas flavigena, accession number: CGMCC 1.12219, purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center.
Alkaline silica sol, type: JN-30, Shanbei, was a Spanish science and technology company, Inc.
After soil detection, the inorganic fertilizer adopted by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by mixing 50-70 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate according to parts by mass.
Example 1
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying 16kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) and (2) sowing grass seeds on the soil improved in the step (1), then sprinkling water and covering a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally leveling the field, retaining water, draining, flowing backwards, converging and paving irrigation supporting facilities.
The grass seeds are the grass of the Shalucao grass, and the sowing amount is 30 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 18L/m2。
Example 2
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are the grass of sorrel, and the sowing amount is 30 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 18L/m2。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, opening the coconut fiber in an opener to make the big fiber bundle or the fiber block and lump be loosened into small bundles, carding into coconut thin fiber web composed of single fiber which is spread evenly by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the laid composite fiber web is 5mm, the pore diameter is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fibers to the coconut shell fibers is 1: 3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 4 mm.
Example 3
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by using bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are the grass of sorrel, and the sowing amount is 30 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 18L/m2。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, the modified coconut fiber is delivered into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a modified coconut thin fiber web consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web after being paved by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the laid composite fiber web is 5mm, the pore diameter is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fibers to the modified coconut shell fibers is 1: 3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 4 mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
n1 mixing and fermenting 15 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.1 part of cellulomonas flavigena and 55 parts of water for 24 hours by mass, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber;
n2 mixing the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 according to the bath ratio of 1 g: immersing 8mL of the coconut shell fiber in 24 wt% aluminum chloride aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and oxidizing at 85 ℃ for 36h to obtain the coconut shell fiber filled with aluminum oxide;
n3 the alumina-filled coconut coir prepared in step N2 was mixed in a bath ratio of 1 g: immersing 18mL of the coconut shell fiber into 40 wt% sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fiber;
n4 mixing 8 parts by mass of 24 wt% ammonia water and 8 parts by mass of absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare an ammonia ethanol solution; putting 8 parts of the porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 200r/min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber;
n5 soaking 8 parts by mass of the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N4 into 92 parts by mass of alkaline silica sol, stirring and reacting for 20min at the rotating speed of 200r/min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut shell fiber.
The ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the power is 160W.
Example 4
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by using bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are the grass of sorrel, and the sowing amount is 30 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 18L/m2。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, the modified coconut fiber is delivered into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a modified coconut thin fiber web consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web after being paved by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the laid composite fiber web is 5mm, the pore diameter is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fibers to the modified coconut fibers is 1: 3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 4 mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
n1 mixing and fermenting 15 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.1 part of cellulomonas flavigena and 55 parts of water for 24 hours by mass, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber;
n2 pretreatment of the coconut shell fiber obtained in the step N1 according to the bath ratio of 1 g: immersing 18mL of the coconut shell fiber into 40 wt% sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain acidified coconut shell fiber;
n3 mixing 8 parts by mass of 24 wt% aqueous ammonia and 8 parts by mass of absolute ethanol to prepare an aqueous ammonia ethanol solution; putting 8 parts of the acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N2 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 200r/min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the ammoniated coconut shell fiber;
n4 soaking 8 parts by mass of the ammoniated coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 into 92 parts by mass of alkaline silica sol, stirring and reacting for 20min at the rotating speed of 200r/min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut shell fiber.
Example 5
An ecological restoration method for a side slope in a grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are the grass of sorrel, and the sowing amount is 30 kg/hectare.
The water spraying amount is 18L/m2。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, lumps and the like are opened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, the modified coconut fiber is delivered into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a modified coconut thin fiber web consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web after being paved by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the laid composite fiber web is 5mm, the pore diameter is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fibers to the modified coconut fibers is 1: 3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 4 mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
n1 mixing and fermenting 15 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.1 part of cellulomonas flavigena and 55 parts of water for 24 hours by mass, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber;
n2 pretreatment of the coconut shell fiber obtained in the step N1 according to the bath ratio of 1 g: immersing 8mL of the coconut shell fiber in 24 wt% concentration aluminum chloride aqueous solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and oxidizing at 85 ℃ for 36h to obtain the coconut shell fiber filled with aluminum oxide;
n3 the alumina-filled coconut coir prepared in step N2 was mixed in a bath ratio of 1 g: immersing 18mL of the coconut shell fiber into 40 wt% sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fiber;
n4 soaking 8 parts by mass of the porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 into 92 parts by mass of alkaline silica sol, stirring and reacting at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut shell fiber.
The ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the power is 160W.
Test example 1
The ecological restoration method for the grassland side slope described in examples 1-5 is adopted to test the germination rate of the grass seeds by referring to GB/T2930.4-2017 Germination test of grass seed test regulations. The grass seeds are the agriophyllum squarrosum with the sowing density of 1000 grains/m2The planting temperature is 20 ℃; watering at seven points in the morning once a day, wherein the watering amount is 20L/m2. Each group of examples was tested 4 times and the statistical seed survival results after 14 days are shown in table 1.
Table 1: survival rate of sedge seed
Percent survival rate%
Example 1 86
Example 2 89
Example 3 94
Example 4 92
Example 5 91
As can be seen from table 1, in example 2, the survival rate of the gerbera hybrida seeds can be effectively improved by alternately laying the cotton thin fiber webs and the coconut shell thin fiber webs into the composite fiber web and applying the composite fiber web to the ecological restoration of the side slope in the grassland area. The invention adopts the cotton thin fiber net and the coconut shell thin fiber net which are alternately paved into the composite fiber net for fixing seeds and keeping water and soil. The thin fiber net of the coconut shell has extremely strong moisture retention, can well keep moisture required by seed germination and growth, is convenient for the growth of plant root systems, and plays a role in fixing the plant root systems. The cotton fiber has stronger anti-deformation capability, can effectively prevent the deformation of the composite fiber net, and provides nutrition for the growth of seeds along with natural decomposition. Example 1 without using a composite fiber web in which a cotton thin fiber web and a coconut shell thin fiber web are alternately layered, the growth of the seed root system is easily limited by soil, particularly some desertified soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capability, and is easily hardened after being watered for many times, the growth of the seed root system is limited, and the survival rate is reduced.
Example 3 showed higher seed survival rates than example 2 due to the further modification of the coir from example 3. Firstly, microorganisms in cellulomonas flavigena are utilized to decompose organic matters in coconut shell fibers, so that the permeability of the coconut shell fibers is improved, and the pretreated coconut shell fibers are obtained; then, immersing the pretreated coconut shell fiber into an aluminum chloride aqueous solution to enable aluminum ions to be adsorbed and filled into the coconut shell fiber, drying and oxidizing in the air to obtain the coconut shell fiber filled with aluminum oxide, wherein the fiber cell spacing is enlarged due to the filling of nano aluminum oxide; then the pretreated coconut shell fiber is soaked in sulfuric acid, nano-alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano-scale pores are formed among the fibers, and the porous acidified coconut shell fiber is obtained; then, the porous acidified coconut shell fiber is treated by ammonia water and ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber, the ammoniated coconut shell fiber has an adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and the like in soil and water molecules, and can release ammonia fertilizer along with the decomposition of the coconut shell fiber, so that the micro-nano pores formed by removing alumina also have strong chelating metal ions and water retention capacity, and the synergistic effect of the two can greatly improve the fertilizer retention and water retention capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth. Finally, the prepared ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber is immersed in silica sol, and a protective layer formed by silicon-oxygen bond condensation in the drying process of the silica sol is utilized to improve the mechanical strength of the coconut shell fiber, so that the modified coconut shell fiber with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high mechanical strength is finally prepared and applied to degradable fiber cloth, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of seeds in the slope ecological restoration process, reducing the watering times and saving the labor cost. Example 4, the coconut shell fiber is not filled with nano alumina, the cell spacing of the coconut shell fiber is dense, micro-nano pores and metal ion adsorption sites are lacked, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the coconut shell fiber is slightly reduced, and the survival rate of seeds is reduced; in example 5, the coconut husk fibers were not aminated, and the adsorption of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and other elements and water molecules in the soil was reduced, and the ammonia fertilizer could not be released, so the seed survival rate was reduced. The water and fertilizer retention capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth is greatly improved and the survival rate of seeds is improved under the synergistic action of aluminum oxide filling and ammoniation treatment.
Test example 2
PO4 3-Adsorption experiments
Adding 100mL of 200mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution into a 250mL conical flask, adding 0.1g of coconut shell fiber or the modified coconut shell fiber prepared in examples 3-5, stirring at 180r/min for 12h, standing for 12h to fully adsorb the modified cellulose, centrifuging at 8000r/min, collecting the supernatant, measuring with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the remaining PO in the solution4 3-Content and calculating modified cellulose adsorbed PO4 3-The amount of (c).
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: PO (PO)4 3-AdsorptionResults of the measurement
Figure BDA0003628295740000121
Figure BDA0003628295740000131
As shown in Table 2, the modified coconut fibers obtained in example 3 have the greatest adsorption of phosphate, because the pretreated coconut fibers are immersed in the aqueous solution of aluminum chloride to allow aluminum ions to be adsorbed and filled in the coconut fibers, and then the pretreated coconut fibers are dried and oxidized in the air to obtain the coconut fibers filled with aluminum oxide, and the space between fiber cells is enlarged due to the filling of nano aluminum oxide; then, the pretreated coconut fibers are soaked in sulfuric acid, nano-alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano-scale pores are formed among the fibers, and porous acidified coconut fibers are obtained; then, the porous acidified coconut shell fiber is treated by ammonia water and ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber, the ammoniated coconut shell fiber has an adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and the like in soil and water molecules, and can release ammonia fertilizer along with the decomposition of the coconut shell fiber, so that the micro-nano pores formed by removing alumina also have strong chelating metal ions and water retention capacity, and the synergistic effect of the two can greatly improve the fertilizer retention and water retention capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth. While the coconut shell fiber is not filled with nano alumina in the embodiment 4, the coconut shell fiber has dense cell spacing and lacks micro-nano pores and adsorption sites, and the coconut shell fiber is not aminated in the embodiment 5, so that the adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and the like and water molecules in soil is reduced.

Claims (9)

1. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area is characterized by comprising the following steps: soil improvement, seed net laying and vegetation planting.
2. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: firstly, cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening a soil layer with the thickness of 8-12cm, and then applying an inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 12-18kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) laying a seed net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil improved in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm by 50 cm;
(3) and (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a 4-6cm thick soil layer, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and laying of irrigation supporting facilities on the field.
3. The method for ecologically remedying the side slope in the grassland area as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grass seeds are one or two or more of the following grass seeds, comprising sand reed, leymus chinensis, artemisia selengensis, astragalus membranaceus, splendid achnatherum, filings grass, elytrigia repens, alfalfa bean, acid-fast grass, old mango wheat and palea, and the sowing amount is 25 to 40 kg/ha.
4. The method for ecologically restoring the side slope of the grassland area as set forth in claim 2, wherein the water spraying amount is 15-20L/m2。
5. The method for restoring ecology at a side slope in a grassland area according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, the cotton fiber is sent into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, lumps and the like are opened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a cotton thin fiber net consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s2, the modified coconut fiber is delivered into an opener to be opened, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then the small bundles are carded into a modified coconut thin fiber web consisting of single fibers which are uniformly stretched through a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut shell thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the composite fiber web after being paved by a needle machine to form the non-woven fabric.
6. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the fiber-web forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being laid is 4-6mm, the pore diameter is 1-2mm, and the porosity is 35-40%.
7. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the cotton fiber to the modified coconut fiber in the composite fiber net is 1 (2-4).
8. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the needling process, the needling density is 50-80 spines/cm2The depth of the acupuncture is 3-6 mm.
9. The method for restoring ecology at a side slope in an grassland area according to claim 5, wherein the method for preparing the modified coconut shell fiber comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 10-20 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.05-0.2 part of cellulomonas flavigena and 50-60 parts of water are mixed and fermented for 24-48h, and the modified coconut shell fiber is obtained after filtration and drying.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN108103663A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-06-01 河南工程学院 A kind of degradable plant growing protection slope geotextiles of sandwich structure and preparation method thereof
CN110565660A (en) * 2019-09-10 2019-12-13 宁国市东南木纤维科技有限公司 Spray seeding construction method for slope greening
CN112012229A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-12-01 安徽理工大学 Ecological restoration system for high steep slope rock slope of limestone mine stope
CN113243256A (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-08-13 呼伦贝尔学院 Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202208930U (en) * 2011-01-12 2012-05-02 大连沃特水务科技有限公司 Natural microorganism soil fixing blanket
CN108103663A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-06-01 河南工程学院 A kind of degradable plant growing protection slope geotextiles of sandwich structure and preparation method thereof
CN110565660A (en) * 2019-09-10 2019-12-13 宁国市东南木纤维科技有限公司 Spray seeding construction method for slope greening
CN112012229A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-12-01 安徽理工大学 Ecological restoration system for high steep slope rock slope of limestone mine stope
CN113243256A (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-08-13 呼伦贝尔学院 Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method

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