CN204298833U - Protecting slope ecology and recovery arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of protecting slope ecology and recovery arrangement, solve the problem that the function singleness of existing protecting slope ecology and recovery existence, water conservation and sediment trapping effect need to be improved further.The utility model method bag open up side slope soil carry out smooth, lay Jute Geotextiles netting, broadcast sowing counterfort virescence plant seed and maintenance step.The utility model structure is simple, method is reliably easy, feasibility is high, there is excellent water suction moisturizing, prevent soil loss, change side slope soil top layer humidity, temperature and minimizing runoff and sediment rate, promote the effect of upper soll layer corrosion stability, for the healthy continued propagation of slope plants, the succession of community provide necessary guarantee.

Description

Layout structure for slope ecological protection and restoration

technical field

The utility model relates to an arrangement structure for ecological protection, in particular to an arrangement structure for slope ecological protection and recovery.

Background technique

Collapsing erosion is the most important erosion process in the mountainous areas of southern my country, especially in the granite weathering crust area. Under the joint action of hydraulic force and gravity, the eroded hillside has a large area of soil slope collapse and subsidence based on the formation of a large number of gullies, forming a large exposed slope with poor plant growth site conditions. At the same time, the runoff after erosion takes away the collapsed colluvial deposits and accumulates them at the bottom of the slope, forming loose deposits, which are likely to cause further erosion hazards. At present, domestic ecological restoration methods for these exposed slopes can also be seen everywhere.

There are two main types of collapsing and colluvium restoration and treatment technologies commonly used: one is engineering control measures, such as removing part or all of the collapsing massif, and building sand control dams at the slope foot of the collapsing massif Or Gufang and slope cutting and ladder opening projects; the other is biological protection and treatment technologies, such as artificial afforestation and grass planting, closing mountains for forest and grass cultivation, laying out soil and water conservation forests in ditches and climbing plant slope protection, etc. These measures are generally difficult to give consideration to each other in terms of protection against damage to slope stability, improvement of site conditions for vegetation growth, and cost-effectiveness of project investment.

There are some deficiencies in the current methods of ecological restoration of slopes. The slope after soil discharge is usually treated by degrading. Because the surface soil is soft, new collapses are prone to occur. Surface drainage and slope protection must be combined. Because of its high cost, it is only suitable for small and medium-scale collapses and the need to protect important facilities. The sand control dam and Gufang must have a solid foundation, and it is best to choose an area outside the scope of the Benggang, but it is often difficult to choose such an ideal dam site. In this case, the dam body is likely to move due to the lateral pressure of the slope body. Artificial afforestation and grass planting, closing hills for afforestation and grass cultivation, and slope protection with climbing plants need to be managed according to the site conditions of the slope. The laterite layer still exists, which can be used for developmental management and fruit tea planting. However, if the slope is relatively broken and the laterite layer is completely eroded, it will be more difficult to implement plant measures, because the site conditions for vegetation cannot be well satisfied. Soil and water conservation forests are arranged in the ditch to stabilize the colluvial deposits, which are easily buried by later erosion. Therefore, the first thing to consider in the treatment of granite weathering crust collapsing and colluvial deposits is to improve the erosion resistance and stability of the slope, reduce soil erosion on the slope, and at the same time improve the site conditions and growth environment for vegetation growth on the slope. Provide basic guarantee for subsequent governance.

The current use is mainly water-permeable geosynthetics made of synthetic fibers through acupuncture or weaving. One is the non-woven geotextile type, which is widely used in civil engineering and has high tensile strength, good permeability, Aging resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics. However, it is mainly used for isolation, reinforcement, filtration, linear drainage, etc. in civil engineering. It is rarely used in slope protection, and how to apply it in practice is still under continuous research. The other is the imitation geotextile type, which is mainly used in the aspect of rain erosion prevention on slopes. However, in practical applications, due to the small mesh of the textile, the effect of reducing flow and sediment is not obvious when applied to soil and water conservation slope protection, and due to However, synthetic materials are not obvious for improving the off-ground conditions for plant growth.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and provide a slope ecological protection and restoration layout structure with simple setting, easy installation, good water retention, good sand retention effect, favorable plant growth, and improved emergence rate and emergence time. For the ecological protection and restoration of the exposed slope and the slope formed by the accumulation of loose matter after the erosion of the granite weathering crust, it can change the soil surface humidity and temperature of the slope, reduce the runoff sediment rate, improve the corrosion resistance of the soil surface, and contribute to the slope The healthy and sustainable growth of surface plants and community succession provide necessary guarantees, and promote the return of slopes to nature as soon as possible.

The utility model slope ecological protection and restoration arrangement structure comprises a slope, and a jute geotextile rope net is laid on the soil surface of the slope along the side, and the jute geotextile rope net has a mesh structure cross-woven by warp threads and weft threads, The mesh structure is a rhombus mesh, and plants are planted in the rhombus mesh.

The slope of the slope is 5°-20°.

Both the longitude and the latitude form an angle of 45° with the horizontal line at the bottom of the slope.

The side length of the diamond-shaped mesh is 3cm-7cm, the area of the mesh is 20cm ² -40cm ² , the strand diameter of each warp and weft is 2mm-6mm, and the hole area of the mesh is 60% to 80% of the coverage area between.

When the slope soil is sandy soil, the area of the diamond mesh is 20-28cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp and latitude is 2mm-3mm; when the slope soil is clay soil, the area of the diamond mesh is The area is 32-40cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp and weft is 5-6mm.

A slope ecological protection and recovery method, comprising the following steps:

1. Leveling the slope land that needs ecological restoration;

2. Lay jute geotextile rope net along the soil surface of the slope and fix it with anchors;

3. Scatter green slope protection plant seeds into the mesh structure of the jute geotextile rope net on the slope;

4. Carry out 30-day maintenance for green slope protection plants, specifically: cover the slope with shade cloth and fix it temporarily, and remove the shade cloth after the plants grow to 4-5cm.

The jute geotextile rope net has a mesh structure formed by intersecting warp threads and weft threads, and the mesh structure is a rhombus mesh.

The slope of the side slope is 5°-20°, and the longitude and latitude are at an angle of 45° to the horizontal line at the bottom of the slope.

The side length of the diamond-shaped mesh is 3cm-7cm, the area of the mesh is 20cm ² -40cm ² , the diameter of each strand of warp and weft is 2mm-6mm, and the hole area of the mesh is 60% to 60% of the total area of the covered soil. Between 80%.

When the slope soil is sandy soil, the area of the diamond mesh is 20-28cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp and latitude is 2mm-3mm; when the slope soil is clay soil, the area of the diamond mesh is The area is 32-40cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp and weft is 5-6mm.

The discoverer conducted in-depth research on the existing jute geotextiles, cross-woven the jute geotextiles into a jute geotextile rope net with a mesh structure on the surface of the warp and weft, and laid it on the slope soil. Through experimental research, it was found that this The method of restoring slope ecology with jute geotextiles proposed by the utility model overcomes some shortcomings of similar technologies and has the following advantages:

1. Covering the jute geotextile rope net directly on the ground surface increases the coverage rate of the ground surface, reduces direct sunlight, obviously makes the temperature and humidity changes of the surface soil smooth, and slows down the change of soil temperature in hot or cold seasons. The moderate temperature difference makes the soil surface structure tends to be stable. Experiments have shown that at 8:00 in the morning from April to August, the monthly average temperature in Gebu can be reduced by 0.16-1.29°C; The soil temperature was lower than that of the bare land, and the temperature drop was 0.35-4.07°C.

2. The surface soil evaporates water quickly to the atmosphere. Covering the jute geotextile rope net can reduce the evaporation of soil water and increase the water absorption capacity of the soil. The research shows that at the same depth, compared with the non-covered area, the soil moisture content of the area covered with jute geotextile rope net is significantly higher than that of the non-covered area, and the surface soil of the covered cloth generally increases the relative soil moisture content by 1% compared with the control -4%, up to 4.5% in summer. When the soil water content is 5%-6%, the drape can make the relative water content of the 5-10cm soil layer 0.7% higher than that of the bare board, and 2.8% higher than the bare board in the 20cm soil layer. It reduces the evaporation of soil water and increases the water absorption capacity of the soil.

3. Jute fiber has strong water absorption, and its mesh structure can also block rainwater, promote water penetration, and improve the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The research shows that the total porosity of the jute geotextile rope net treatment is 4% higher than that of the non-covering treatment, the non-capillary void is 1.4% lower, and the infiltration rate is 12.5% higher. The indoor rainfall simulation experiment proves that even when the moisture content of the underlying surface under the rainfall is close to saturation, the infiltration can still be increased by 13.62%, and the leached layer, sedimentary layer, and parent material layer of the granite-developed soil increase by 8.73% respectively. %, 18.40%, 13.06% infiltration. Covering the jute geotextile rope net can change the infiltration rate of the entire rainfall underlying surface, which is of great significance for maintaining water and improving the surface microenvironment.

4. Jute geotextiles are mainly made of jute fibers, the source is natural and energy-saving, which meets the current environmental protection requirements. After coarse decomposition, jute homecloth forms a certain amount of organic matter, such as lignin, cellulose, pectin, etc., and contains a large amount of nutrients such as N, P, and K. Studies have shown that after 240 days of decomposition under natural conditions, the area covered with jute geotextiles lost 0.01% less N than the uncovered area, P increased by 0.04%, and K increased by 0.05%, and the covered area was rich in N, P, and K. The set is obvious, indicating that the decomposition of jute geotextiles can also improve soil fertility.

5. The hydrophilicity and softness of the jute geotextile make it have good contact with the soil surface, and the good contact ensures that the jute geotextile can be close to the surface. At the same time, the mesh structure of the jute geotextile significantly increases the roughness of the ground and significantly improves the micro-topography of the ground. The sediment produced by splash erosion is blocked by the mesh structure of the geotextile, which increases the depth of the area not directly covered by the mesh, and the sediment deposits on the edge of the mesh structure, forming small pits one by one, and the formation of these pits increases again. In addition to the roughness of the surface, the formation of small puddles on the surface is similar to fish scale pits in soil and water conservation projects on slopes. It not only stores rainwater, but also directly intercepts sediment. Covering with jute cloth reduces the flow velocity of slope runoff, significantly reduces the kinetic energy of slope runoff, and the reduction of kinetic energy reduces the sand-carrying force of slope runoff, which reduces the sediment concentration of runoff and has a significant effect on soil and water conservation. The comparative test shows that using 120d jute geotextiles can reduce runoff by 87.45% and reduce sediment production by 99.88% compared with no laying; using 300-320d jute geotextiles can reduce runoff by 63%-66% and reduce sediment production 97%.

6. The indoor simulated rainfall experiment proves that the interception ratio of jute geotextiles to >2mm, 1mm-2mm, 0.2mm-1mm, <0.2mm four particle sizes of sediment reaches 84.77%, 85.95%, 87.10%, 60.97% respectively; The main particle size of the intercepted sediment is less than 0.2mm; according to the interception ratio, the interception effect on large particles is more significant. Jute geotextiles reduce the loss of sediment at various sizes.

7. After leveling the slope that requires ecological restoration, lay jute geotextiles at an angle of 45° between the latitude and longitude lines of the geotextile and the horizontal line at the bottom of the slope. Compared with the horizontal laying method, the sand retention capacity of each longitude and latitude line and the rainwater runoff are fully utilized. The ability to reduce erosion, especially the use of rainwater on steep slopes and construction slopes in areas with little rainfall.

8. The restoration method proposed by the utility model can sow green slope protection plant seeds on the slope after the jute geotextile is laid, and the combination of the two can further improve the comprehensive benefits of water and soil conservation. Studies have shown that jute geotextiles also have a certain effect on promoting plant growth and development. Compared with the control, covering geotextiles shortens the seedling time of ryegrass and tall fescue seeds, increases the emergence rate, and can quickly establish vegetation. In particular, Gebu shortened the emergence time of ramie, a dominant species with obvious water and soil conservation, and the emergence rate increased by 53%.

9. The raw materials required for jute geotextiles are easy to obtain, foldable, convenient to transport, simple in construction technology, low in equipment investment, and belong to labor-intensive construction methods, which are convenient for construction in areas with poor construction conditions. Moreover, the size of the jute geotextile can be adjusted in time according to the site slope conditions.

On the basis of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the inventor has further limited the specific structure of the jute geotextile rope net, that is, it is strictly required that the mesh is a rhombus mesh, which is different from the usual square mesh, because the inventor found in the experiment that it is used for edge In slope protection, the square mesh has the problem of relatively low sediment interception due to the poor adhesion to the ground and the interception effect is too direct. The rhombus mesh has better adhesion to the ground and smooth interception force, so it can be very good. Solve the above-mentioned problems of square mesh, so as to achieve the purpose of intercepting sediment stably and efficiently. All be 45 ° of angles from described warp and latitude and slope bottom horizontal line, this is mainly for the most uniform and reasonable problem of intercepting force. Because side slope has certain gradient, this angle of warp and latitude design has remarkable effect: (1 ) can effectively guide the water flow during rainfall to avoid excessive water storage in the slope soil, or infiltrate the soil to loosen and lose the soil; (2) can effectively intercept the soil particles washed down by the water flow. (3), although the jute geotextile has water absorption effect, if the water volume is small, the water retention effect may be affected if the passing speed is too fast. The experiment found that when the warp and latitude are at an angle of 45° to the horizontal line at the bottom of the slope, it can be very good. Playing the role of water absorption and water retention, the jute geotextile mesh rope can quickly absorb water in a short time, making the diameter of its strands larger, and improving the soil interception effect at the same time.

Further, since the treatment of the present utility model is aimed at the exposed slope and the slope formed by the accumulation of loose matter after the granite weathering crust is eroded, the soil characteristics of this type of slope are poor cohesion and high quartz content. When the slope is treated, the parameters of the diamond-shaped mesh of the jute geotextile rope are also very important. The side length is required to be 3cm-7cm. If it is too long, it will weaken the interception effect on runoff alluvial, and if it is too short, it will reduce the water permeability. The area of the mesh is 20cm ² -40cm ² . The area of the mesh reduces the interception effect on the raindrop splash erosion sediment. If the area is too small, the amount of sediment interception will be reduced; Reduce the softness of the network cable, so that the effect of sticking to the ground is reduced, and if it is too fine, the interception effect on large particle size sediment will become worse; the hole area of the mesh is between 60% and 80% of the total area of the covered soil, preferably 70% .

Furthermore, the nature of the soil is different, and the specific requirements for its ecological management are also different. Sandy soil has the characteristics of large sediment particles and low cohesion. When the slope soil is sandy soil, in order to avoid excessive erosion , when the interception effect becomes worse, the mesh area of the rhombus mesh should not be too large, and the strand diameter should be correspondingly thinned, so that it can be close to the ground surface. Therefore, the area of the diamond-shaped mesh is controlled to be 20-28cm ² , and the diameter of each strand of warp and weft is 2mm-3mm; and the clay soil has the characteristics of small sediment particles, large cohesion, and more vegetation. When it is clay soil, in order to avoid the loss of fine particles of silt with runoff, the mesh area of the rhomboid mesh should be appropriately enlarged, and the strand diameter should be thicker, so as to better filter runoff and more effectively transform the micro-landscape. Therefore, the area of the rhombus mesh is controlled to be in the range of 32cm ² to 40cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp and weft is in the range of 5mm to 6mm.

Beneficial effect:

The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, reliable method and high feasibility. By sowing green slope protection plant seeds on the slope with jute homecloth rope net, and carrying out reasonable maintenance, the production and development of plants are promoted, and the jute homecloth rope net is used to absorb water and moisturize, prevent soil loss, and change the humidity and temperature of the slope soil surface And reduce the runoff sediment rate, improve the soil surface corrosion resistance, and provide the necessary guarantee for the healthy and sustainable growth of slope plants and community succession.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sand-retaining of the diamond-shaped mesh of the jute geotextile net rope.

Among them, 1-jute geotextile rope net, 2-warp, 3-weft, 4-slope, 5-diamond mesh, 6-anchor.

Detailed ways

The layout structure of the present utility model is referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and the gradient of side slope 4 is 5 °-20 °, is laid with jute geotextile rope net 1 along side slope 4 soil surfaces, and described jute geotextile rope net 1 has by warp 2 A mesh structure cross-woven with the weft 3, the mesh structure is a rhombus mesh 5, and plants (not shown in the figure) are planted in the rhombus mesh 5. The meridian 2 and the latitude 3 all form an angle of 45° with the horizontal line at the bottom of the slope, as shown in Fig. 2, a=45°. The side length of the rhombic mesh 5 is 3cm-7cm, the area of the mesh is 20cm ² -40cm ² , the strand diameter of each warp 2 and weft 3 is 2mm-6mm, and the hole area of the rhomboid mesh 5 is 100% of the coverage area. Between 60% and 80%. When the soil of the side slope 4 is sandy soil, the area of the rhombus mesh 5 is 20-28cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp 2 and weft 3 is 2mm-3mm; when the soil of the side slope 4 is clay soil , the area of the diamond-shaped mesh 5 is 32-40 cm ² , and the strand diameter of each warp 2 and weft 3 is 5-6 mm.

Examples of slope ecological protection and restoration methods:

1. Leveling the slope 4 land that needs ecological restoration;

Two, lay jute geotextile rope net 1 along side slope 4 soil surfaces, should make jute geotextile rope net 1 close to the slope as much as possible during laying, and fix with anchor 6;

3. Scatter green slope protection plant seeds into the mesh structure of the jute geotextile rope net on the slope;

4. Carry out 30-day maintenance for green slope protection plants, specifically: cover the slope with shade cloth and fix it temporarily, and remove the shade cloth after the plants grow to 4-5cm. The water supply of slope plants should be guaranteed within 30 days after construction. After the plant grows stably, it can enter the daily maintenance stage. Maintenance includes watering, pest control and plant growth control measures.

Comparative experiment example:

See Table 1-Table 5 for the influence of the layout structure for slope ecological protection and restoration of the utility model on the interception ratio under different strand diameters, mesh areas and slopes.

Define the intercept ratio R _i

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mb</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mc</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mb</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In the formula, m _b : the amount of sediment loss with jute geotextiles not covered, m _c : the amount of sediment loss with jute geotextiles covered, R _i interception ratio.

Table 1: Effects of clayey soil with different strand diameters when the mesh size is fixed at ^35cm2

Table 2: Effects of different strand diameters on sandy soil when the mesh size is fixed at 25cm2

Table 3, when the fixed strand diameter is 6mm, the effects of clayey soil with different mesh areas

Table 4, when the fixed strand diameter is 3mm, the effects of different mesh areas in sandy soil

Table 5: Comparative example:

According to Table 1, ^when the fixed mesh area is about 35cm2, clay soil is more suitable for jute geotextiles with a thick strand diameter (5-6mm). According to Table 2, when the fixed mesh area is about 25cm At ² , sandy soil is more suitable for jute geotextiles with fine strand diameter (2-3mm). It can be seen from Table 3 that when the fixed strand diameter is about 6mm, clay soil is more suitable for large mesh area (32-40cm ² ) It can be seen from Table 4 that when the fixed strand diameter is about 3mm, the sandy soil is more suitable for the jute geotextile with a smaller mesh area (20-28cm ² ). Based on the comparative example in Table 5, it can be seen that the best value jute geotextile mesh area is 20-40cm ² , the strand diameter is 2-6mm, and the best application slope is 5-20°.

Claims (4)

1. a protecting slope ecology and recovery arrangement, comprise side slope, it is characterized in that, Jute Geotextiles netting is equipped with along side slope soil surface, described Jute Geotextiles netting has the eyed structure become with parallel interlacing by warp, and described eyed structure is diamond-mesh, plants and be implanted with plant in described diamond-mesh, the length of side of described diamond-mesh is 3cm-7cm, and the area of mesh is 20cm ²-40cm ², the stock footpath of per share warp and parallel is 2mm-6mm, the hole area of described mesh be area coverage 60% to 80% between.

2. protecting slope ecology as claimed in claim 1 and recovery arrangement, it is characterized in that, the gradient of described side slope is 5 °-20 °.

3. protecting slope ecology as claimed in claim 1 and recovery arrangement, is characterized in that, at the bottom of described warp and parallel and slope, horizontal line is all in 45° angle.

4. protecting slope ecology as claimed in claim 3 and recovery arrangement, it is characterized in that, when side slope soil is sandy soil, the area of described diamond-mesh is 20-28cm ², the stock footpath of every stock-traders' know-how and parallel is 2mm-3mm; When side slope soil is clayey soil, the area of described diamond-mesh is 32-40cm ², the stock footpath of per share warp and parallel is 5-6mm.