CN108179755A - A kind of greening concrete protective slope and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of greening concrete protective slope and its construction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108179755A CN108179755A CN201711345822.3A CN201711345822A CN108179755A CN 108179755 A CN108179755 A CN 108179755A CN 201711345822 A CN201711345822 A CN 201711345822A CN 108179755 A CN108179755 A CN 108179755A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- concrete
- slope
- plant growth
- water
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007185 Albizia julibrissin Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011468 Albizia julibrissin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046101 Sophora japonica Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010586 Sophora japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940001468 citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
- E02D2300/002—Concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greening concrete protective slope and its construction methods, are related to counterfort virescence technical field, include the following steps：（1）, slope surface treatment；（2）, casting concrete gridiron；（3）, casting concrete shield top；（4）, Nutrition Soil be laid with；（5）, installation plant biological bag；（6）, spraying and sowing plant growth matrix；（7）, covering non-woven fabrics；（8）, maintenance molding.Present invention process is easy to operate, and mechanization degree is high, and speed of application is fast and short construction period, and Greening functions are also acted as while enhancing bank protection security performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a greening concrete slope protection and a construction method thereof.
Background
Traditional bank protection mainly has thick liquid building block or dry masonry, cast in situ concrete, precast concrete piece etc. and the bank protection of these structural style has played certain effect in the aspects such as the structural stability who keeps the bank slope, prevents soil erosion and water loss and flood control drainage waterlogging. However, they have adverse effects on the landscape, environment and ecology to various degrees, and the slope protection materials and the structural characteristics of the facing cut off the communication of people and water and the exchange of underground water, destroy the self-purification capability of a substance and energy circulation system, a biological habitat and water formed between water, soil, plants and organisms, cause the deterioration of the water body and the land environment, and cause the deterioration of the local ecological environment. In addition, traditional bank protection construction operation is loaded down with trivial details and the cycle is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a greening concrete slope protection and a construction method thereof, which have the advantages of simple process operation, high mechanization degree, high construction speed and short construction period, enhance the safety performance of the slope protection, play a role in greening and improve the ecological environment.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a construction method for greening concrete revetments comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Removing plants, sediments, floating soil, pumice and protruding rocks on the surface of the slope, leveling the slope surface, and mechanically tamping;
(2) and pouring concrete lattice frame
Preparing concrete, placing the concrete into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, pouring concrete lattice frames on the surface of the side slope treated in the step (1), and dividing the side slope into the concrete lattice frames which are uniformly connected, wherein each concrete lattice frame comprises an outer lattice frame and an inner lattice frame, an expansion joint is arranged between each concrete outer lattice frame and each outer lattice frame, reinforcing ribs are arranged on each outer lattice frame, and anchor rods are further arranged on the concrete lattice frames at intervals;
the cross section area of the concrete outer grid is more than 20cm by 20cm, the cross section area of the concrete inner grid is more than 10cm by 10cm, and a foundation structure for preventing the concrete outer grid from sinking or floating is further arranged at the toe;
the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of portland cement, 35-45 parts of fly ash, 35-45 parts of polymer fiber, 30-35 parts of organic salt, 30-35 parts of light silicomanganese slag, 25-30 parts of fine sand, 25-30 parts of acrylic emulsion, 14-16 parts of an antifreezing agent, 14-16 parts of a water reducing agent, 10-12 parts of ethanol and 100-180 parts of water;
(3) concrete roof
Excavating foundation soil of 10-20 cm at the top of the slope, and pouring the concrete in the step (2) as a protective top;
(4) laying nutrient soil
Laying nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm in the concrete lattice frame 2-3 days after the concrete lattice frame is poured and formed, and spraying acetic acid aqueous solution diluted by 300-500 times to the slope surface after laying;
(5) and installing the plant growth bag
Preparing plant growth bags and filling the plant growth bags with plant growth substrates, dibbling shrub seeds in the plant growth bags, placing the plant growth bags on the bottom edge of the inner grid frame at intervals, arranging a drainage blind ditch between every two adjacent plant growth bags, wherein one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer;
(6) plant growth substrate for spray seeding
Preparing a plant growth substrate, mixing herbaceous plant seeds, putting the mixture into a spray-seeding machine, and adding water at a spray gun mouth to spray-seeding on a slope surface;
(7) and a covering nonwoven fabric
After the spray seeding of the plant growing matrix in the step (6) is finished for 20-24 hours, fixedly covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the plant growing matrix;
(8) curing and forming
Watering the plant growth matrix for moisturizing and maintaining until the herbaceous plants cover the whole slope.
Preferably, the polymer fiber in the step (2) is made by mixing polyvinyl alcohol fiber and polypropylene fiber; the antifreezing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of nitrate, 4-6 parts of calcium formate and 2-3 parts of water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is not lower than 20%, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 25%; the organic salt is any one or more of citrate, tartrate and gluconate, and the foundation structure is any one of retaining wall, riprap and pile sinking.
Preferably, the preparation method of the concrete in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the silicomanganese slag and the organic salt according to the proportion to obtain organic salt modified silicomanganese slag;
(2) adding fine sand into the organic salt modified silicomanganese slag, and uniformly mixing to obtain fine aggregate;
(3) and adding the rest raw materials into the fine aggregate, and fully stirring to obtain the concrete.
Preferably, the nutrient soil in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of leaf mold, 45-55 parts of bentonite, 35-40 parts of perlite, 35-40 parts of greening waste, 15-25 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of super absorbent resin, 10-15 parts of trace element component, 5-10 parts of rooting agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan and 100-150 parts of water.
Preferably, the super absorbent resin is prepared by the following steps,
(1) preparing a dispersant solution: mixing 4-6 parts of sorbitol monooleate and 4-6 parts of sorbitan monostearate, then adding the mixture into a dispersing agent cyclohexane, heating to 60 ℃, fully dissolving and uniformly dispersing, and introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen for 20min to obtain a dispersing agent solution;
(2) preparing a monomer mixed solution: neutralizing 39-41 parts of acrylic acid with 9-10 parts of sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding 24-26 parts of acrylamide, 4-6 parts of cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 1-2 parts of potassium persulfate and 1-2 parts of sodium bisulfate, stirring, dissolving and mixing uniformly to obtain a monomer mixed solution;
(3) and adding the monomer mixed solution into a dispersant solution, reacting for 2 hours, heating to 63 ℃, continuing to react for 1 hour to ensure that the monomers completely react, and filtering and drying the product after the reaction is finished to obtain the super absorbent resin.
Preferably, the trace element component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-4 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of borax and 1-2 parts of manganese sulfate.
Preferably, the plant growing matrix of the step (5) and the step (6) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of perlite, 45-50 parts of medical stone, 45-50 parts of clay, 9-11 parts of starch, 7-9 parts of graphene oxide aerogel, 4-5 parts of straw, 2-3 parts of bone meal, 2-3 parts of crab shell powder, 1-2 parts of peanut shell, 1-2 parts of polyglutamic acid, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of rapeseed cake and 100-200 parts of water.
Preferably, the shrub seeds in the step (5) are one or more of albizia julibrissin, sophora japonica and acacia, the non-woven fabric is removed when the emergence of seedlings of the herbaceous plant seeds grows to 5-6 cm or 2-3 leaves, and the compound fertilizer is applied after the emergence of seedlings for one month.
Preferably, before the plant-growing substrate is sprayed in the step (6), the slope surface is sprayed with water for wetting, a spray gun port is kept perpendicular to the slope surface during spraying, spraying is carried out downwards from the top end of the slope surface, the air pressure of the spray gun port is 3500-4000 Pa, and the spraying thickness is 2-4 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process is simple to operate, high in mechanization degree, high in construction speed and short in construction period, and the greening effect is achieved while the safety performance of the slope protection is enhanced, and the process is as follows:
(1) firstly, carrying out slope surface treatment, wherein the impurity removal and slope surface leveling meet the construction requirements; then concrete lattice frames and concrete roofs are poured to separate the slope surface into lattice frame shapes which are connected with each other, a slope protection structure is built, the stability of the slope surface is enhanced, and a slope protection effect is achieved; laying nutrient soil on the original soil layer, facilitating the growth of herbaceous plants, preserving water and fertility; then installing a plant growing bag and spraying a plant growing matrix, wherein the plant growing matrix can restrain nutrient soil and prevent nutrient loss; finally, the slope protection structure is obtained after the non-woven fabric is covered, the process operation is simple, the safety performance of the slope protection is enhanced, and meanwhile, the greening effect is achieved;
(2) the nutrient soil used in the invention is acidic nutrient soil, and the aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid is added for irrigation, so that organic tissue dry matter in the acidic nutrient soil can be fermented and decomposed, humic acid is continuously generated, and the growth of plants is facilitated;
(3) the outer grid frame is provided with the reinforcing ribs, and the concrete grid frame is also provided with the anchor rods at intervals to play a role in reinforcement, wherein the anchor rods can prevent the grid frame from displacing when the sliding force is greater than the side slope resistance;
(4) the shrub seeds and the herbaceous plant seeds are planted on the slope protection, wherein the shrub seeds are dibbled in the plant growth bags, the root system, the tensile strength, the root pricking range and the depth are all larger than those of herbaceous plants, but the growth forming and greening speed of the herbaceous plant seeds is faster than that of the shrub seeds, so that the shrub seeds and the herbaceous plant seeds are combined to form a three-dimensional protective structure and a better plant growth restraining matrix;
(5) the concrete is added with the antifreezing agent, so that the nitrate and nitrite have small influence on the durability of the concrete, can resist the low-temperature environment of 0-minus 40 ℃, and can be used in severe winter; the light silicomanganese slag and the organic salt are added into the raw materials, and after the light silicomanganese slag and the organic salt are mixed, the organic salt is uniformly coated on the surface of the silicomanganese slag, so that the water absorption rate of the light silicomanganese slag can be reduced, the reaction rate of the silicomanganese slag and calcium hydroxide generated by cement hydration can be reduced, and the stability of concrete cannot be influenced; in addition, the long-chain structure of the organic salt can bind partial water molecules in the concrete, so that the organic salt has a water storage effect, the water-cement ratio at the interface of cement and fine aggregate is reduced in the early stage after the concrete is formed, the bonding strength and the early strength of the interface between the cement and other raw materials are improved, the moisture in the concrete is gradually reduced in the later stage, and the organic salt which absorbs the moisture can slowly release the moisture, so that the concrete is sufficiently maintained in a wet manner;
(6) adding high water absorption resin into the nutrient soil, and adding sorbitol monooleate and sorbitan monostearate serving as emulsifying agents into a dispersing agent to obtain a dispersing agent solution; then N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is used as a cross-linking agent, potassium sulfate and sodium bisulfate are used as initiators, and the initiators react with acrylamide to obtain monomer mixed liquor; the monomer mixed solution is added into the dispersant solution for reaction, and the product is filtered and dried to obtain the super absorbent resin, so that the nutrient soil has water retention performance and provides water required by the growth of greening plants;
(7) a drainage blind ditch is arranged between two adjacent plant growth bags, one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer to play a role in drainage, so that water and underground water form circulation, and a slope ecological system is formed.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A construction method for greening concrete revetments comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Removing plants, sediments, floating soil, pumice and protruding rocks on the surface of the slope, leveling the slope surface, and mechanically tamping;
(2) and pouring concrete lattice frame
Preparing concrete, placing the concrete into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, pouring concrete lattice frames on the surface of the side slope treated in the step (1), and dividing the side slope into the concrete lattice frames which are uniformly connected, wherein each concrete lattice frame comprises an outer lattice frame and an inner lattice frame, an expansion joint is arranged between each concrete outer lattice frame and each outer lattice frame, reinforcing ribs are arranged on each outer lattice frame, and anchor rods are further arranged on the concrete lattice frames at intervals;
the cross section area of the concrete outer grid is 30cm x 30cm, the cross section area of the concrete inner grid is 20cm x 20cm, and a foundation structure for preventing the concrete outer grid from sinking or floating is further arranged at the toe;
the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of portland cement, 35 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of polymer fiber, 30 parts of organic salt, 30 parts of light silicomanganese slag, 25 parts of fine sand, 25 parts of acrylic emulsion, 14 parts of anti-freezing agent, 14 parts of water reducing agent, 10 parts of ethanol and 100 parts of water;
(3) concrete casting top protector
Excavating foundation soil of 10cm on the top of the slope, and pouring the concrete in the step (2) as a protective top;
(4) laying nutrient soil
Laying nutrient soil with the thickness of 5cm in the concrete lattice frame 2 days after the concrete lattice frame is poured and formed, and spraying 300 times diluted acetic acid aqueous solution to the slope surface after laying;
(5) and installing the plant growth bag
Preparing plant growth bags and filling the plant growth bags with plant growth substrates, dibbling shrub seeds in the plant growth bags, placing the plant growth bags on the bottom edge of the inner grid frame at intervals, arranging a drainage blind ditch between every two adjacent plant growth bags, wherein one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer;
(6) plant growth substrate for spray seeding
Preparing a plant growth substrate, mixing herbaceous plant seeds, putting the mixture into a spray-seeding machine, and adding water at a spray gun mouth to spray-seeding on a slope surface;
(7) and a covering nonwoven fabric
After the spray seeding of the plant growing matrix in the step (6) is finished for 20 hours, fixedly covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the plant growing matrix;
(8) curing and forming
Watering the plant growth matrix for moisturizing and maintaining until the herbaceous plants cover the whole slope.
Wherein,
the polymer fiber in the step (2) is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol fiber and polypropylene fiber; the antifreezing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of nitrate, 4 parts of calcium formate and 2 parts of water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is 22 percent, and the water reducing rate is 25 percent; the organic salt is citrate and the foundation structure is a retaining wall.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the concrete in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the silicomanganese slag and the organic salt according to the proportion to obtain organic salt modified silicomanganese slag;
(2) adding fine sand into the organic salt modified silicomanganese slag, and uniformly mixing to obtain fine aggregate;
(3) and adding the rest raw materials into the fine aggregate, and fully stirring to obtain the concrete.
Wherein,
the nutrient soil in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of leaf mold, 45 parts of bentonite, 35 parts of perlite, 35 parts of greening waste, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15 parts of super absorbent resin, 10 parts of trace element component, 5 parts of rooting agent, 5 parts of chitosan and 100 parts of water.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the super absorbent resin comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a dispersant solution: mixing 4 parts of sorbitol monooleate and 4 parts of sorbitan monostearate, then adding the mixture into a dispersing agent cyclohexane, heating to 60 ℃, fully dissolving and uniformly dispersing, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen for 20min, and obtaining a dispersing agent solution;
(2) preparing a monomer mixed solution: neutralizing 39 parts of acrylic acid with 9 parts of sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding 24 parts of acrylamide, 4 parts of cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 1 part of potassium persulfate and 1 part of sodium bisulfate, stirring, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a monomer mixed solution;
(3) and adding the monomer mixed solution into a dispersant solution, reacting for 2 hours, heating to 63 ℃, continuing to react for 1 hour to ensure that the monomers completely react, and filtering and drying the product after the reaction is finished to obtain the super absorbent resin.
The preparation method of the leaf mold comprises the following steps: collecting fallen leaves, residual grass or vegetable skin of trees in autumn and winter, mixing with soil, slightly adding water, stacking, compacting, turning over after 2 months, watering or animal urinating, decomposing for 40 days, sun drying, sieving, and storing for use.
Wherein,
the trace element component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of borax and 1 part of manganese sulfate.
The plant growth substrate in the step (5) and the step (6) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of perlite, 45 parts of medical stone, 45 parts of clay, 9 parts of starch, 7 parts of graphene oxide aerogel, 4 parts of straw, 2 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of crab shell powder, 1 part of peanut shell, 1 part of polyglutamic acid, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of rapeseed cake and 100 parts of water.
And (3) the shrub seeds in the step (5) are one or more of albizia julibrissin, sophora japonica and acacia, when the seedling emergence of the herbaceous plant seeds reaches 5cm, removing the non-woven fabric, and topdressing the compound fertilizer after one month of seedling emergence.
Before the plant-growing matrix is sprayed in the step (6), firstly spraying water to wet the slope surface, keeping a spray gun port vertical to the slope surface during spraying, and spraying downwards from the top end of the slope surface, wherein the air pressure of the spray gun port is 3500Pa, and the spraying thickness is 2 cm;
example 2
A construction method for greening concrete revetments comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Removing plants, sediments, floating soil, pumice and protruding rocks on the surface of the slope, leveling the slope surface, and mechanically tamping;
(2) and pouring concrete lattice frame
Preparing concrete, placing the concrete into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, pouring concrete lattice frames on the surface of the side slope treated in the step (1), and dividing the side slope into the concrete lattice frames which are uniformly connected, wherein each concrete lattice frame comprises an outer lattice frame and an inner lattice frame, an expansion joint is arranged between each concrete outer lattice frame and each outer lattice frame, reinforcing ribs are arranged on each outer lattice frame, and anchor rods are further arranged on the concrete lattice frames at intervals;
the cross section area of the concrete outer grid is 40cm by 40cm, the cross section area of the concrete inner grid is 20cm by 20cm, and a foundation structure for preventing the concrete outer grid from sinking or floating is further arranged at the toe of the slope;
the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of Portland cement, 45 parts of fly ash, 45 parts of polymer fiber, 35 parts of organic salt, 35 parts of light silicomanganese slag, 30 parts of fine sand, 30 parts of acrylic emulsion, 16 parts of anti-freezing agent, 16 parts of water reducing agent, 12 parts of ethanol and 180 parts of water;
(3) concrete casting top protector
Excavating 20cm of foundation soil at the top of the slope, and pouring the concrete in the step (2) as a protective top;
(4) laying nutrient soil
3 days after the concrete lattice frame is poured and formed, laying nutrient soil with the thickness of 8cm in the concrete lattice frame, and spraying 500 times of diluted acetic acid aqueous solution to the slope surface after laying;
(5) and installing the plant growth bag
Preparing plant growth bags and filling the plant growth bags with plant growth substrates, dibbling shrub seeds in the plant growth bags, placing the plant growth bags on the bottom edge of the inner grid frame at intervals, arranging a drainage blind ditch between every two adjacent plant growth bags, wherein one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer;
(6) plant growth substrate for spray seeding
Preparing a plant growth substrate, mixing herbaceous plant seeds, putting the mixture into a spray-seeding machine, and adding water at a spray gun mouth to spray-seeding on a slope surface;
(7) and a covering nonwoven fabric
After the spray seeding of the plant growing matrix in the step (6) is finished for 24 hours, fixedly covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the plant growing matrix;
(8) curing and forming
Watering the plant growth matrix for moisturizing and maintaining until the herbaceous plants cover the whole slope.
Wherein,
the polymer fiber in the step (2) is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol fiber and polypropylene fiber; the antifreezing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of nitrate, 6 parts of calcium formate and 3 parts of water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is 28 percent, and the water reducing rate is 30 percent; the organic salt is tartrate and the basic structure is riprap.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the concrete in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the silicomanganese slag and the organic salt according to the proportion to obtain organic salt modified silicomanganese slag;
(2) adding fine sand into the organic salt modified silicomanganese slag, and uniformly mixing to obtain fine aggregate;
(3) and adding the rest raw materials into the fine aggregate, and fully stirring to obtain the concrete.
Wherein,
the nutrient soil in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of leaf mold, 55 parts of bentonite, 40 parts of perlite, 40 parts of greening waste, 25 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 25 parts of super absorbent resin, 15 parts of trace element component, 10 parts of rooting agent, 10 parts of chitosan and 150 parts of water.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the super absorbent resin comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a dispersant solution: mixing 6 parts of sorbitol monooleate and 6 parts of sorbitan monostearate, then adding the mixture into a dispersing agent cyclohexane, heating to 60 ℃, fully dissolving and uniformly dispersing, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen for 20min, and obtaining a dispersing agent solution;
(2) preparing a monomer mixed solution: neutralizing 41 parts of acrylic acid with 10 parts of sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding 26 parts of acrylamide, 6 parts of cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 2 parts of potassium persulfate and 2 parts of sodium bisulfate, stirring, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a monomer mixed solution;
(3) and adding the monomer mixed solution into a dispersant solution, reacting for 2 hours, heating to 63 ℃, continuing to react for 1 hour to ensure that the monomers completely react, and filtering and drying the product after the reaction is finished to obtain the super absorbent resin.
The preparation method of the leaf mold comprises the following steps: collecting fallen leaves, residual grass or vegetable skin of trees in autumn and winter, mixing with soil, slightly adding water, stacking, compacting, turning over once after 3 months, watering or animal urinating, decomposing for 50 days, sun drying, sieving, and storing for use.
Wherein,
the trace element component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of borax and 2 parts of manganese sulfate.
Wherein,
the plant growth substrate in the step (5) and the step (6) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of perlite, 50 parts of medical stone, 50 parts of clay, 11 parts of starch, 9 parts of graphene oxide aerogel, 5 parts of straw, 3 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of crab shell powder, 2 parts of peanut shell, 2 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of rapeseed cake and 200 parts of water.
And (3) the shrub seeds in the step (5) are sophora japonica, when the seedling emergence of the herbaceous plant seeds reaches 6cm, the non-woven fabric is removed, and the compound fertilizer is applied after one month of seedling emergence.
And (4) before the plant-growing matrix is sprayed in the step (6), spraying water to wet the slope surface, keeping a spray gun port perpendicular to the slope surface during spraying, spraying downwards from the top end of the slope surface, wherein the air pressure of the spray gun port is 4000 Pa, and the spraying thickness is 4 cm.
Example 3
A construction method for greening concrete revetments comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Removing plants, sediments, floating soil, pumice and protruding rocks on the surface of the slope, leveling the slope surface, and mechanically tamping;
(2) and pouring concrete lattice frame
Preparing concrete, placing the concrete into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, pouring concrete lattice frames on the surface of the side slope treated in the step (1), and dividing the side slope into the concrete lattice frames which are uniformly connected, wherein each concrete lattice frame comprises an outer lattice frame and an inner lattice frame, an expansion joint is arranged between each concrete outer lattice frame and each outer lattice frame, reinforcing ribs are arranged on each outer lattice frame, and anchor rods are further arranged on the concrete lattice frames at intervals;
the cross section area of the concrete outer grid is 32cm x 32cm, the cross section area of the concrete inner grid is 15cm x 15cm, and a foundation structure for preventing the concrete outer grid from sinking or floating is further arranged at the toe;
the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of portland cement, 40 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of polymer fiber, 32 parts of organic salt, 32 parts of light silicomanganese slag, 27 parts of fine sand, 27 parts of acrylic emulsion, 15 parts of anti-freezing agent, 15 parts of water reducing agent, 11 parts of ethanol and 140 parts of water;
(3) concrete roof
Excavating 15cm of foundation soil at the top of the slope, and pouring the concrete in the step (2) as a protective top;
(4) laying nutrient soil
Laying nutrient soil with the thickness of 6cm in the concrete lattice frame 2 days after the concrete lattice frame is poured and formed, and spraying acetic acid aqueous solution diluted by 400 times to the slope surface after laying;
(5) and installing the plant growth bag
Preparing plant growth bags and filling the plant growth bags with plant growth substrates, dibbling shrub seeds in the plant growth bags, placing the plant growth bags on the bottom edge of the inner grid frame at intervals, arranging a drainage blind ditch between every two adjacent plant growth bags, wherein one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer;
(6) plant growth substrate for spray seeding
Preparing a plant growth substrate, mixing herbaceous plant seeds, putting the mixture into a spray-seeding machine, and adding water at a spray gun mouth to spray-seeding on a slope surface;
(7) and a covering nonwoven fabric
After the spray seeding of the plant growing matrix in the step (6) is finished for 22 hours, fixedly covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the plant growing matrix;
(8) curing and forming
Watering the plant growth matrix for moisturizing and maintaining until the herbaceous plants cover the whole slope.
Wherein,
the polymer fiber in the step (2) is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol fiber and polypropylene fiber; the antifreezing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of nitrate, 5 parts of calcium formate and 2.5 parts of water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is 20 percent, and the water reducing rate is 25 percent; the organic salt is gluconate, and the foundation structure is pile sinking.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the concrete in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the silicomanganese slag and the organic salt according to the proportion to obtain organic salt modified silicomanganese slag;
(2) adding fine sand into the organic salt modified silicomanganese slag, and uniformly mixing to obtain fine aggregate;
(3) and adding the rest raw materials into the fine aggregate, and fully stirring to obtain the concrete.
Wherein,
the nutrient soil in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 67.5 parts of leaf mold, 50 parts of bentonite, 36.5 parts of perlite, 36.5 parts of greening waste, 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 20 parts of super absorbent resin, 12.5 parts of trace element component, 7.5 parts of rooting agent, 7.5 parts of chitosan and 125 parts of water.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the super absorbent resin comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a dispersant solution: mixing 5 parts of sorbitol monooleate and 5 parts of sorbitan monostearate, then adding the mixture into a dispersing agent cyclohexane, heating to 60 ℃, fully dissolving and uniformly dispersing, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen for 20min, and obtaining a dispersing agent solution;
(2) preparing a monomer mixed solution: neutralizing 40 parts of acrylic acid with 9 parts of sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding 25 parts of acrylamide, 5 parts of crosslinking agent N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, 1.5 parts of potassium persulfate and 1.5 parts of sodium bisulfate, stirring, dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain a monomer mixed solution;
(3) and adding the monomer mixed solution into a dispersant solution, reacting for 2 hours, heating to 63 ℃, continuing to react for 1 hour to ensure that the monomers completely react, and filtering and drying the product after the reaction is finished to obtain the super absorbent resin.
The preparation method of the leaf mold comprises the following steps: collecting fallen leaves, residual grass or vegetable skin of trees in autumn and winter, mixing with soil, slightly adding water, stacking, compacting, turning over once after 3 months, watering or animal urinating, decomposing for 50 days, sun drying, sieving, and storing for use.
Wherein,
the trace element component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of copper sulfate, 1.5 parts of borax and 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate.
The plant growth substrate in the step (5) and the step (6) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of perlite, 47.5 parts of medical stone, 47.5 parts of clay, 10 parts of starch, 8 parts of graphene oxide aerogel, 4.5 parts of straw, 2.5 parts of bone meal, 2.5 parts of crab shell powder, 1.5 parts of peanut shell, 1.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 1.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1.5 parts of rapeseed cake and 150 parts of water.
And (5) the shrub seeds are albizia julibrissin durazz, the non-woven fabrics are removed when the emergence of seedlings of the herbaceous plant seeds grows to 3 leaves, and the compound fertilizer is applied after the emergence of seedlings for one month.
And (3) before the plant-growing matrix is sprayed in the step (6), spraying water to wet the slope surface, keeping a spray gun port perpendicular to the slope surface during spraying, spraying downwards from the top end of the slope surface, wherein the air pressure of the spray gun port is 3750Pa, and the spraying thickness is 3 cm. .
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A construction method for greening concrete slope protection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) treatment of slope surface
Removing plants, sediments, floating soil, pumice and protruding rocks on the surface of the slope, leveling the slope surface, and mechanically tamping;
(2) and pouring concrete lattice frame
Preparing concrete, placing the concrete into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, pouring concrete lattice frames on the surface of the side slope treated in the step (1), and dividing the side slope into the concrete lattice frames which are uniformly connected, wherein each concrete lattice frame comprises an outer lattice frame and an inner lattice frame, an expansion joint is arranged between each concrete outer lattice frame and each outer lattice frame, reinforcing ribs are arranged on each outer lattice frame, and anchor rods are further arranged on the concrete lattice frames at intervals;
the cross section area of the concrete outer grid is more than 20cm by 20cm, the cross section area of the concrete inner grid is more than 10cm by 10cm, and a foundation structure for preventing the concrete outer grid from sinking or floating is further arranged at the toe;
the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of portland cement, 35-45 parts of fly ash, 35-45 parts of polymer fiber, 30-35 parts of organic salt, 30-35 parts of light silicomanganese slag, 25-30 parts of fine sand, 25-30 parts of acrylic emulsion, 14-16 parts of an antifreezing agent, 14-16 parts of a water reducing agent, 10-12 parts of ethanol and 100-180 parts of water;
(3) concrete casting top protector
Excavating foundation soil of 10-20 cm at the top of the slope, and pouring the concrete in the step (2) as a protective top;
(4) laying nutrient soil
Laying nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm in the concrete lattice frame 2-3 days after the concrete lattice frame is poured and formed, and spraying acetic acid aqueous solution diluted by 300-500 times to the slope surface after laying;
(5) and installing the plant growth bag
Preparing plant growth bags and filling the plant growth bags with plant growth substrates, dibbling shrub seeds in the plant growth bags, placing the plant growth bags on the bottom edge of the inner grid frame at intervals, arranging a drainage blind ditch between every two adjacent plant growth bags, wherein one end of the drainage blind ditch is communicated with the nutrient soil layer, and the free end of the drainage blind ditch is exposed outside the nutrient soil layer;
(6) plant growth substrate for spray seeding
Preparing a plant growth substrate, mixing herbaceous plant seeds, putting the mixture into a spray-seeding machine, and adding water at a spray gun mouth to spray-seeding on a slope surface;
(7) and a covering nonwoven fabric
After the spray seeding of the plant growing matrix in the step (6) is finished for 20-24 hours, fixedly covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the plant growing matrix;
(8) curing and forming
Watering the plant growth matrix for moisturizing and maintaining until the herbaceous plants cover the whole slope.
2. The construction method of an afforestation concrete slope according to claim 1, wherein the polymer fiber in the step (2) is made by mixing a polyvinyl alcohol fiber and a polypropylene fiber; the antifreezing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of nitrate, 4-6 parts of calcium formate and 2-3 parts of water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is not lower than 20%, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 25%; the organic salt is any one or more of citrate, tartrate and gluconate, and the foundation structure is any one of retaining wall, riprap and pile sinking.
3. The construction method of an afforestation concrete slope protection according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the concrete in the step (2) is:
(1) uniformly mixing the silicomanganese slag and the organic salt according to the proportion to obtain organic salt modified silicomanganese slag;
(2) adding fine sand into the organic salt modified silicomanganese slag, and uniformly mixing to obtain fine aggregate;
(3) and adding the rest raw materials into the fine aggregate, and fully stirring to obtain the concrete.
4. A construction method for a greening concrete slope protection according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil of step (4) comprises the following raw materials: 65-70 parts of leaf mold, 45-55 parts of bentonite, 35-40 parts of perlite, 35-40 parts of greening waste, 15-25 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of super absorbent resin, 10-15 parts of trace element component, 5-10 parts of rooting agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan and 100-150 parts of water.
5. The construction method of greening concrete slope protection according to claim 4, wherein the super absorbent resin is prepared by the steps of,
(1) preparing a dispersant solution: mixing 4-6 parts of sorbitol monooleate and 4-6 parts of sorbitan monostearate, then adding the mixture into a dispersing agent cyclohexane, heating to 60 ℃, fully dissolving and uniformly dispersing, and introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen for 20min to obtain a dispersing agent solution;
(2) preparing a monomer mixed solution: neutralizing 39-41 parts of acrylic acid with 9-10 parts of sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding 24-26 parts of acrylamide, 4-6 parts of cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 1-2 parts of potassium persulfate and 1-2 parts of sodium bisulfate, stirring, dissolving and mixing uniformly to obtain a monomer mixed solution;
(3) and adding the monomer mixed solution into a dispersant solution, reacting for 2 hours, heating to 63 ℃, continuing to react for 1 hour to ensure that the monomers completely react, and filtering and drying the product after the reaction is finished to obtain the super absorbent resin.
6. The construction method of the greening concrete slope protection according to claim 4, wherein the trace element components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-4 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of borax and 1-2 parts of manganese sulfate.
7. A construction method of greening concrete slope protection according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation substrate of step (5) and step (6) comprises the following raw materials: 65-75 parts of perlite, 45-50 parts of medical stone, 45-50 parts of clay, 9-11 parts of starch, 7-9 parts of graphene oxide aerogel, 4-5 parts of straw, 2-3 parts of bone meal, 2-3 parts of crab shell powder, 1-2 parts of peanut shell, 1-2 parts of polyglutamic acid, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of rapeseed cake and 100-200 parts of water.
8. A construction method for greening concrete slope protection according to claim 1, wherein the shrub seeds in step (5) are one or more of albizia julibrissin, sophora japonica and acacia, the non-woven fabric is removed when the emergence of the herbaceous plant seeds grows to 5-6 cm or 2-3 leaves, and the compound fertilizer is applied after one month of emergence.
9. The construction method for greening concrete slope protection according to claim 1, wherein before the plant-growing matrix is spray-sowed in step (6), the slope surface is sprayed with water to be wet, a spray gun port is kept perpendicular to the slope surface during spray-sowing, the spray-sowing is performed downwards from the top end of the slope surface, the air pressure of the spray gun port is 3500-4000 Pa, and the spray-sowing thickness is 2-4 cm.
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| CN108677870A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-19 | 上海朗天环境科技有限公司 | A kind of cast-in-place green concrete hard ecological revetment and its construction method |
| CN108967020A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-11 | 湖南湘植园林科技有限公司 | A kind of red sandrock side slope replies immediately green method fastly |
| CN109970414A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-05 | 宁夏亿丰砼业有限公司 | A kind of lightweight aggregate concrete and construction method |
| CN109972638A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-05 | 杭州昂创科技有限公司 | The construction method of prefabricated assembled thin-wall mould-shell lattice girder ecological slope protection |
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Application publication date: 20180619 |