CN111484278A - Ecological concrete, ecological protection slope and construction method of ecological protection slope - Google Patents
Ecological concrete, ecological protection slope and construction method of ecological protection slope Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides ecological concrete, an ecological protection slope and a construction method of the ecological protection slope, which are used for improving the slope protection effect of the existing slope protection; wherein, the ecological concrete comprises the following components: cement, fly ash, mineral powder, natural pebbles, regenerated pebbles, nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microbead filler, diatomite, nano silicon dioxide and a water reducing agent; ecological bank protection that prevents includes: the vegetation slope comprises a base body, a soil slope, a first concrete layer, a plant slope protection concrete layer, fixing pieces and vegetation; the construction method of the ecological protection slope comprises the following steps: the vegetation nutrient soil is fixed and irrigated by the fixing piece. The invention can improve the slope protection effect of the existing slope protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection slopes, in particular to ecological concrete, an ecological protection slope and a construction method of the ecological protection slope.
Background
In the related art, the traditional side slope protection structure mainly focuses on the stability, flood discharge and waterlogging condition of the side slope, the negative influence of the side slope protection structure on the ecological system of the mountain river and the needs of people on the landscape are less considered, and the ecological environment is easily damaged in the long-term use process.
The protection slope in the prior art usually has the following technical problems in the use process:
1. peeling problem: the main reason for the spalling is that the slope rock soil is affected by environmental factors such as erosion weathering, scouring and gravity for a long time, and the rock and soil are separated and slide into the slope angle along the slope surface.
2. The problem of collapse: collapse means that the entire rock and soil fall off the body, roll off from a relatively steep slope, roll over continuously during the fall, and finally fall under the feet of a mountain. The collapse is very strong and sudden and is easily dangerous.
3. Landslide problem: landslide is one of the most common problems. It refers to the fact that rocks and soil on a slope slowly and integrally move along a weak surface under the action of gravity, and landslides are divided into two types according to the mechanical principle of landslide, namely push landslide and traction landslide. The push landslide is that the pressure of deformed rocks and soil is increased, the speed of the landslide is low, the landslide surface is rough, the distribution is more on the slope which is piled and distributed, and the traction type landslide means that the rocks are lower and the soil is loose, so that the rocks and the soil on the surface have no focus. This landslide is relatively slow and the surface of the sliding body is stepped. In the construction process, once construction errors occur, the original slope state can be changed, and the problem of engineering landslide is easy to occur.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop an ecological concrete, an ecological protection slope, and a construction method of the ecological protection slope to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide ecological concrete, an ecological protection slope and a construction method of the ecological protection slope, which are used for improving the slope protection effect of the existing slope protection.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
on one hand, the invention provides ecological concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200-220 parts of cement, 50-70 parts of fly ash, 70-90 parts of mineral powder, 310-465 parts of natural stones, 550-720 parts of regenerated stones, 10-15 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microsphere fillers, 9-12 parts of diatomite, 8-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 9.5-13.5 parts of water reducing agents.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ecological concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 210 parts of cement, 60 parts of fly ash, 80 parts of mineral powder, 385 parts of natural pebbles, 635 parts of regenerated pebbles, 13 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microbead filler, 11 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 11 parts of water reducing agent.
The brief introduction of the components adopted in the ecological concrete is as follows:
cement: water is added to mix into plastic slurry, which can cement sand, stone and other materials, and can be hardened in air and water.
Fly ash: the fine ash collected from the flue gas after coal combustion comprises the following components: SiO 22、Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3CaO and TiO 2.
Mineral powder: the stone powder and its substitute meeting the engineering requirements are the product obtained by pulverizing and processing ore.
Natural stones: granular stones obtained in nature;
and (3) regenerating stones: removing concrete fragments containing stones obtained by post-processing of waste concrete:
the nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microsphere filler: the hollow micro-beads are coated with nano titanium dioxide to prepare a filler;
diatomite: the diatom sludge formed by diatom worms living in oceans and lakes, siliceous hulls of radioactive insect organisms and the like is subjected to primary diagenetic action to form an untight rock;
nano silicon dioxide: the surface of the amorphous white powder (which refers to an aggregate thereof) has unsaturated residual bonds and hydroxyl groups in different bonding states, and the molecular state of the amorphous white powder is a three-dimensional chain structure;
water reducing agent: under the condition of unchanged concrete workability and cement consumption, the water consumption for mixing can be reduced, and the concrete strength can be improved; or the admixture can save the cement consumption under the condition of unchanged workability and strength.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an ecological protection slope, which comprises: the vegetation slope comprises a base body, a soil slope, a first concrete layer, a plant slope protection concrete layer, fixing pieces and vegetation; the substrate includes: the stone-breaking device comprises a stone layer uniformly laid along the horizontal direction and a retaining wall arranged on the side surface of the stone layer along the vertical direction; the soil slope is arranged between the gravel layer and the retaining wall and is in a triangular prism shape with the side faces placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side faces of the triangular prism respectively abut against the upper surface of the gravel layer and one side of the retaining wall for retaining soil; the first concrete layer covers the upper slope surface of the soil slope; the plant slope protection concrete layer covers the first concrete layer; the plant bank protection concrete layer includes: porous concrete and vegetation nutrient soil; the fixing piece is used for connecting and fixing a soil slope, a first concrete layer and a plant slope protection concrete layer, and the vegetation is planted on the plant concrete layer; the first concrete layer and/or the plant slope protection concrete layer are formed by pouring the ecological concrete.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fastener is a rebar or an anchor.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation nutrient soil comprises: seed layer, wood pulp paper layer, plant fiber layer and lower net.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with a thickness of 10cm or more and 20cm or less.
In some embodiments of the invention, drainage ditches are arranged on both sides of the slope toe and the slope body of the soil slope.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation is a species of drought tolerant grassland; the drought tolerant grassland species are grass species sown directly at months 4, 5, 8 or 9.
In addition, the invention also provides a construction method of the ecological protection slope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a base body, namely uniformly paving a gravel layer on a horizontal plane on which a protection slope is to be built along the horizontal direction; and the retaining wall is arranged on the side surface of the gravel layer along the vertical direction;
step 2: building a soil slope, namely building the soil slope between the rubble layer and the retaining wall by using soil, and compacting all slope parts; the soil slope is in a triangular prism shape with the side surfaces placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side surfaces of the triangular prism are respectively abutted against the upper surface of the gravel layer and one side of the retaining wall for retaining soil;
and step 3: covering a first concrete layer on the upper surface of the soil slope;
and 4, step 4: covering a plant slope protection concrete layer above the first concrete layer; the plant bank protection concrete layer includes: porous concrete and vegetation nutrient soil; the vegetation nutrient soil comprises: the seed layer, the wood pulp paper layer, the plant fiber layer and the lower net are arranged on the seed layer; the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with the thickness of more than or equal to 10cm and less than or equal to 20 cm;
and 5: connecting and fixing the soil slope, the first concrete layer and the plant slope protection concrete layer in sequence by adopting a fixing piece;
step 6: irrigating the vegetation nutrient soil, and keeping the plant concrete layer moist for not less than 10 days until vegetation is formed on the plant concrete layer in a planting manner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cultivation of vegetation in steps 4 to 6 is replaced by grass blanket laying; both ends of the grass blanket are embedded in soil of the soil slope and are laid on the plant slope protection concrete layer in a leveling manner; the middle part of the grass blanket is fixed with the plant slope protection concrete layer in a fixing pile embedding mode.
The ecological concrete provided by the invention has higher strength and good water permeability, rainwater can rapidly permeate the concrete and be discharged into municipal pipe networks or underground, no water accumulation phenomenon occurs, and the ecological environment of soil under a roadbed can be effectively improved. In addition, compared with the existing concrete, the construction process of the ecological concrete is simpler in use mode, and the compactness of the concrete is improved and the strength of the concrete is improved in a mode of repeated stirring and vibration by multiple vibration tools, so that the effect of improving the quality of the concrete is achieved; the effect of improving the quality of the concrete is achieved through the concrete curing process with high heat preservation and moisture preservation.
The ecological protection slope provided by the invention can store seeds on a slope and can not be washed away by rainwater and irrigation water; the fertilization work is well carried out; the reinforcing function of the side slope surface is achieved, and the surface soil layer is effectively prevented from slipping; the construction process is simple, the maintenance and management cost after construction is low, the construction cost is low, the elasticity of the grass carpet is high, the grass carpet can be well attached to the ground, biodegradation can be carried out, the whole process is pollution-free, and the water saving characteristic is remarkable. The invention perfectly combines the protection and beautification effects of the side slope, has good effect on keeping ecological balance, and can meet the needs of social development and the international trend.
The construction method of the ecological slope protection is combined with knowledge of subjects such as soil science, botany, ecology, engineering mechanics and the like, is a slope protection formed by plants, engineering and concrete, and is a novel slope protection technology of a comprehensive slope protection system. After the side slope is excavated, the surface of the side slope is protected and reinforced through the interaction of plants and rocks, and plants and soil (root anchors). The method can not only meet the requirement of slope surface stability, but also recover the damaged natural ecological environment, and is an effective means for slope protection.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
(1) the seeds can be stored on a slope without being washed away by rain and irrigation water.
(2) The fertilizer can be well applied to provide nutrients for plant growth, the nutrients required by the plant growth can be continuously supplied, and the water-retaining agent is used to ensure the survival of the seed germination.
(3) The reinforcing function of the side slope surface can be achieved, and the surface soil layer can be effectively prevented from sliding.
(4) Grass mats can be transplanted in different ways, preserving survival and growth rates.
(5) The construction process is simple, and the maintenance and management cost after construction is low.
(6) The construction cost is low, and the construction scheme has good economy.
(7) The grass carpet has high elasticity and can be well attached to the ground.
(8) Can be biodegraded, has no pollution in the whole process and has obvious water saving characteristic.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ecological protection slope in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a concrete layer of the plant revetment in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the nutrient soil for vegetation in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an arrangement structure of an earth slope drainage ditch in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides ecological concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200-220 parts of cement, 50-70 parts of fly ash, 70-90 parts of mineral powder, 310-465 parts of natural stones, 550-720 parts of regenerated stones, 10-15 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microsphere fillers, 9-12 parts of diatomite, 8-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 9.5-13.5 parts of water reducing agents. When the ecological concrete is used, the ecological concrete is uniformly mixed with 0.093-0.140 parts of water by weight and then is uniformly stirred, and then the ecological concrete can be put into use.
Preferably, in the southern and other occasions with much rainwater and moisture, the proportion of the hollow microsphere filler coated with the nano titanium dioxide and the water reducing agent in 9.5-13.5 parts in the concrete is increased, and the upper limit value is selected, so that the solidification force and the adhesion force of the concrete in a moisture environment can be fully ensured without being influenced by the environmental humidity; and if the vegetation zone is dry in the north, the specific gravity of the diatomite and the nano silicon dioxide should be increased within the range of the proportion, and the upper limit value of the diatomite and the nano silicon dioxide is close to or directly taken when the diatomite and the nano silicon dioxide are taken as values, so that the diatomite and the nano silicon dioxide can fix water and retain water in dry climates, and sufficient water is provided for the vegetation zone. For the middle area of China, the use effect of the invention can be further improved by selecting a proper proportioning intermediate value in combination with the local climate environment.
In addition, if the finished product is not easy to obtain and needs to be prepared by purchasing raw materials on site, the components of the ecological concrete are as follows in parts by weight: 200-220 parts of cement, 150-170 parts of water, 50-70 parts of fly ash, 70-90 parts of mineral powder, 310-465 parts of natural stones, 550-720 parts of regenerated stones, 10-15 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microsphere fillers, 9-12 parts of diatomite, 8-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 9.5-13.5 parts of water reducing agents. The raw materials are mixed and stirred uniformly for use. It should be noted that the above formula is realized based on the ingredient ratio disclosed in the present application, and therefore, the present invention is also intended to focus on protection.
Preferably, in some embodiments of the present invention, the ecological concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 210 parts of cement, 60 parts of fly ash, 80 parts of mineral powder, 385 parts of natural pebbles, 635 parts of regenerated pebbles, 13 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microbead filler, 11 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 11 parts of water reducing agent. When in use, the ecological concrete is mixed with 0.11 part of water by weight and is stirred uniformly to be put into use.
In addition, if the finished product is not easy to obtain and needs to be prepared by purchasing raw materials on site, the components of the ecological concrete are as follows in parts by weight: 210 parts of cement, 160 parts of water, 60 parts of fly ash, 80 parts of mineral powder, 385 parts of natural pebbles, 635 parts of regenerated pebbles, 13 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microbead fillers, 11 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 11 parts of water reducing agent. The raw materials are mixed and stirred uniformly for use. It should be noted that the above formula is realized based on the ingredient ratio disclosed in the present application, and therefore, the present invention is also intended to focus on protection.
The ecological concrete provided by the invention has higher strength and good water permeability, rainwater can rapidly permeate the concrete and be discharged into municipal pipe networks or underground, no water accumulation phenomenon occurs, and the ecological environment of soil under a roadbed can be effectively improved. In addition, compared with the existing concrete, the construction process of the ecological concrete is simpler in use mode, and the compactness of the concrete is improved and the strength of the concrete is improved in a mode of repeated stirring and vibration by multiple vibration tools, so that the effect of improving the quality of the concrete is achieved; the effect of improving the quality of the concrete is achieved through the concrete curing process with high heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an ecological protection slope, comprising: the vegetation slope comprises a base body 100, a soil slope 200, a first concrete layer 300, a plant slope protection concrete layer 400, a fixing piece 500 and vegetation 600; the base body 100 includes: a gravel layer 110 uniformly laid in a horizontal direction and a retaining wall 120 provided in a vertical direction at a side of the gravel layer 110; the soil slope 200 is arranged between the crushed stone layer 110 and the retaining wall 120, and is in a triangular prism shape with the side faces being placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side faces of the triangular prism respectively abut against the upper surface of the crushed stone layer 110 and one side of the retaining wall 120 for retaining soil; the first concrete layer 300 covers the upper slope surface of the soil slope 200; the plant slope protection concrete layer 400 covers the first concrete layer 300; as shown in fig. 2, the plant slope protection concrete layer 400 includes: porous concrete 410 and vegetation nutrient soil 420; the fixing member 500 is used for connecting and fixing the soil slope 200, the first concrete layer 300 and the plant slope protection concrete layer 400, and the vegetation 600 is planted on the plant concrete layer 400; the first concrete layer 300 and/or the plant slope protection concrete layer 400 are formed by pouring the ecological concrete as described above.
According to the structure, the vegetation cover combined anchor bolt on the slope can overcome the defect that the grassland is easy to be washed by rainwater, and the flow rate is greatly relieved after the strong root system forms a solid complex soil layer for planting grass, so that the rainwater is prevented from directly influencing the surface of the slope, and the change of the slope of the ecological slope can be effectively prevented. The grass blanket covering layer can reduce the evaporation of water, prevent the erosion of rainfall to the side slope, effectively improve the ecological environment, stabilize the side slope, reduce the water loss and soil erosion and beautify the landscapes at two sides. Preferably, the vegetation is straw.
It should be noted that the shape of the porous concrete 410 can be formed by injecting concrete into a mold and then solidifying the concrete; the shape of the mold can be designed based on the prior art, and the shape of the gap pattern is not the design point of the invention, so that the further illustration and the description are omitted. In the manufacturing process, the vegetation nutrient soil 420 is filled in the pores of the porous concrete 410.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fastener is a rebar or an anchor.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation nutrient soil 420 comprises: seed layer 421, wood pulp paper layer 422, plant fiber layer 423 and lower net 424. When in manufacturing, the materials are filled in the pores from bottom to top according to the sequence; the plant fiber layer and the wood pulp layer tightly lock plant seeds, the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent, energy is provided for the growth of plants, a protective layer is formed on the root system of the plants, and the tensile and shear resistance of the plant is greatly improved. The fiber layer and the wood pulp layer are composed of lignocellulose, natural adhesive and organic mineral catalyst. After the biodegradation process is finished, soil fertilizer is added, and the plant growth forms virtuous cycle.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with a thickness of 10cm or more and 20cm or less. The growth of vegetation in the vegetation layer places high demands on the soil. Plants cannot grow in areas where the soil is too acid-over-alkali or too barren. And (3) covering 10-20 cm of humus soil on the side slope to enable the humus soil to grow normally.
As shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments of the present invention, drainage ditches 210 are disposed on both sides of the slope base J and the slope body S of the soil slope 200. It should be noted that the outer shape of the drainage ditch is not limited to the form shown in fig. 4, and a drainage structure provided according to the prior art may be used in the present application.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vegetation is a species of drought tolerant grassland; the drought tolerant grassland species are grass species sown directly at months 4, 5, 8 or 9. In the side slope protection project, the invention firstly selects varieties with strong weather adaptability and deep roots. Areas with less natural rainfall are short of water resources, the artificial irrigation cost is high, drought-resistant grassland species should be selected in the areas with the drought-resistant grassland species, plant grassland species with longer green period should be selected, and the sowing mode should be direct sowing. Cold, low temperature and rainy high temperature should be avoided during seeding. The most suitable sowing times are 4 months, 5 months, 8 days and 9 months.
The ecological protection slope provided by the invention can store seeds on a slope and can not be washed away by rainwater and irrigation water; the fertilization work is well carried out; the reinforcing function of the side slope surface is achieved, and the surface soil layer is effectively prevented from slipping; the construction process is simple, the maintenance and management cost after construction is low, the construction cost is low, the elasticity of the grass carpet is high, the grass carpet can be well attached to the ground, biodegradation can be carried out, the whole process is pollution-free, and the water saving characteristic is remarkable. The invention perfectly combines the protection and beautification effects of the side slope, has good effect on keeping ecological balance, and can meet the needs of social development and the international trend.
Example 3:
the invention further provides a construction method of ecological protection slope on the basis of the embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a base body, namely uniformly paving a gravel layer on a horizontal plane on which a protection slope is to be built along the horizontal direction; and the retaining wall is arranged on the side surface of the gravel layer along the vertical direction;
step 2: building a soil slope, namely building the soil slope between the rubble layer and the retaining wall by using soil, and compacting all slope parts; the soil slope is in a triangular prism shape with the side surfaces placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side surfaces of the triangular prism are respectively abutted against the upper surface of the gravel layer and one side of the retaining wall for retaining soil;
and step 3: covering a first concrete layer on the upper surface of the soil slope;
and 4, step 4: covering a plant slope protection concrete layer above the first concrete layer; the plant bank protection concrete layer includes: porous concrete and vegetation nutrient soil; the vegetation nutrient soil comprises: the seed layer, the wood pulp paper layer, the plant fiber layer and the lower net are arranged on the seed layer; the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with the thickness of more than or equal to 10cm and less than or equal to 20 cm;
and 5: connecting and fixing the soil slope, the first concrete layer and the plant slope protection concrete layer in sequence by adopting a fixing piece;
step 6: irrigating the vegetation nutrient soil, and keeping the plant concrete layer moist for not less than 10 days until vegetation is formed on the plant concrete layer in a planting manner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cultivation of vegetation in steps 4 to 6 is replaced by grass blanket laying; both ends of the grass blanket are embedded in soil of the soil slope and are laid on the plant slope protection concrete layer in a leveling manner; the middle part of the grass blanket is fixed with the plant slope protection concrete layer in a fixing pile embedding mode.
It should be noted that the following operation details need to be particularly noted in the above operation steps:
(1) slope surface treatment
To treat slope surfaces, some of the slopes need to be classified. Because the soil is loose, the local slope needs to be stabilized, and all the side slopes are compacted to ensure the construction effect.
(2) Preparation of materials
Preparing seeds, water retaining agents, fertilizers and other materials, and preparing a grass blanket and a water supply system.
(3) Grass carpet
The grass blanket is covered and the turf is repaired, the two ends of the grass blanket are embedded in the soil, and the middle part of the grass blanket is uniformly embedded in the fixing piles, so that the stability of the grass blanket is ensured.
(4) Lawn management
And after the turf is planted, timely irrigating the seeds and keeping the grass seed layer moist for about 10 days. During the next 1 month, it was necessary to ensure that the watering was once a week due to the underdeveloped root system. After one month, the surface of the plant is basically closed, and the landscape effect is formed. But the root system is not firm, and water is supplemented according to the weather condition, so that the firm root system is favorably formed. After 1 year of project implementation, due to the selection of deep-rooted and drought-resistant plant species and the use of the water-retaining agent, if precipitation is uniformly distributed for a period of time, artificial irrigation is not needed.
The construction method of the ecological slope protection is combined with knowledge of subjects such as soil science, botany, ecology, engineering mechanics and the like, is a slope protection formed by plants, engineering and concrete, and is a novel slope protection technology of a comprehensive slope protection system. After the side slope is excavated, the surface of the side slope is protected and reinforced through the interaction of plants and rocks, and plants and soil (root anchors). The method can not only meet the requirement of slope surface stability, but also recover the damaged natural ecological environment, and is an effective means for slope protection.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
(1) the seeds can be stored on a slope without being washed away by rain and irrigation water.
(2) The fertilizer can be well applied to provide nutrients for plant growth, the nutrients required by the plant growth can be continuously supplied, and the water-retaining agent is used to ensure the survival of the seed germination.
(3) The reinforcing function of the side slope surface can be achieved, and the surface soil layer can be effectively prevented from sliding.
(4) Grass mats can be transplanted in different ways, preserving survival and growth rates.
(5) The construction process is simple, and the maintenance and management cost after construction is low.
(6) The construction cost is low, and the construction scheme has good economy.
(7) The grass carpet has high elasticity and can be well attached to the ground.
(8) Can be biodegraded, has no pollution in the whole process and has obvious water saving characteristic.
The ecological slope protection is a slope protection formed by plants, engineering and concrete by combining the knowledge of subjects such as soil science, botany, ecology, engineering mechanics and the like, and is a novel slope protection technology of a comprehensive slope protection system. After the side slope is excavated, the surface of the side slope is protected and reinforced through the interaction of plants and rocks, and plants and soil (root anchors). The method can not only meet the requirement of slope surface stability, but also recover the damaged natural ecological environment, and is an effective means for slope protection. The invention can store the seeds on the slope and can not be washed away by rainwater and irrigation water; the fertilization work is well carried out; the reinforcing function of the side slope surface is achieved, and the surface soil layer is effectively prevented from slipping; the construction process is simple, the maintenance and management cost after construction is low, the construction cost is low, the elasticity of the grass carpet is high, the grass carpet can be well attached to the ground, biodegradation can be carried out, the whole process is pollution-free, and the water saving characteristic is remarkable. The slope ecological technology is a technology which perfectly combines the protection and beautification effects of the slope, has good effect on keeping ecological balance, and can meet the needs of social development and the international trend.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 200-220 parts of cement, 50-70 parts of fly ash, 70-90 parts of mineral powder, 310-465 parts of natural stones, 550-720 parts of regenerated stones, 10-15 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microsphere fillers, 9-12 parts of diatomite, 8-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 9.5-13.5 parts of water reducing agents.
2. The ecological concrete according to claim 1, wherein the ecological concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 210 parts of cement, 60 parts of fly ash, 80 parts of mineral powder, 385 parts of natural pebbles, 635 parts of regenerated pebbles, 13 parts of nano titanium dioxide coated hollow microbead filler, 11 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 11 parts of water reducing agent.
3. The utility model provides an ecological bank protection slope which characterized in that includes: the vegetation slope comprises a base body, a soil slope, a first concrete layer, a plant slope protection concrete layer, fixing pieces and vegetation; the substrate includes: the stone-breaking device comprises a stone layer uniformly laid along the horizontal direction and a retaining wall arranged on the side surface of the stone layer along the vertical direction; the soil slope is arranged between the gravel layer and the retaining wall and is in a triangular prism shape with the side faces placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side faces of the triangular prism respectively abut against the upper surface of the gravel layer and one side of the retaining wall for retaining soil; the first concrete layer covers the upper slope surface of the soil slope; the plant slope protection concrete layer covers the first concrete layer; the plant bank protection concrete layer includes: porous concrete and vegetation nutrient soil; the fixing piece is used for connecting and fixing a soil slope, a first concrete layer and a plant slope protection concrete layer, and the vegetation is planted on the plant concrete layer; the first concrete layer and/or the plant slope protection concrete layer are formed by pouring the ecological concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
4. The ecological protective slope of claim 3, wherein the fixing member is a reinforcing bar or an anchor bolt.
5. The ecological protective slope of claim 3, wherein the vegetation nutrient soil comprises: seed layer, wood pulp paper layer, plant fiber layer and lower net.
6. The ecological protection slope according to claim 3, wherein the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with a thickness of 10cm or more and 20cm or less.
7. The ecological protection slope according to claim 3, wherein drainage ditches are arranged on both sides of the slope foot and the slope body of the soil slope.
8. The ecological slope protection of claim 3, wherein the vegetation is a species of drought-tolerant grassland; the drought tolerant grassland species are grass species sown directly at months 4, 5, 8 or 9.
9. A construction method of an ecological protection slope as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 8, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: building a base body, namely uniformly paving a gravel layer on a horizontal plane on which a protection slope is to be built along the horizontal direction; and the retaining wall is arranged on the side surface of the gravel layer along the vertical direction;
step 2: building a soil slope, namely building the soil slope between the rubble layer and the retaining wall by using soil, and compacting all slope parts; the soil slope is in a triangular prism shape with the side surfaces placed upside down on a horizontal plane, and two adjacent side surfaces of the triangular prism are respectively abutted against the upper surface of the gravel layer and one side of the retaining wall for retaining soil;
and step 3: covering a first concrete layer on the upper surface of the soil slope;
and 4, step 4: covering a plant slope protection concrete layer above the first concrete layer; the plant bank protection concrete layer includes: porous concrete and vegetation nutrient soil; the vegetation nutrient soil comprises: the seed layer, the wood pulp paper layer, the plant fiber layer and the lower net are arranged on the seed layer; the vegetation nutrient soil is humus soil with the thickness of more than or equal to 10cm and less than or equal to 20 cm;
and 5: connecting and fixing the soil slope, the first concrete layer and the plant slope protection concrete layer in sequence by adopting a fixing piece;
step 6: irrigating the vegetation nutrient soil, and keeping the plant concrete layer moist for not less than 10 days until vegetation is formed on the plant concrete layer in a planting manner.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the vegetation growing pattern of steps 4 to 6 is replaced by grass blanket laying; both ends of the grass blanket are embedded in soil of the soil slope and are laid on the plant slope protection concrete layer in a leveling manner; the middle part of the grass blanket is fixed with the plant slope protection concrete layer in a fixing pile embedding mode.
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| CN120052221A (en) * | 2025-03-05 | 2025-05-30 | 金华职业技术大学 | Ecological concrete preparation method |
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| CN112129186A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 中国建筑材料工业建设西安工程有限公司 | Final slope blasting method convenient for plant-growing concrete spray planting |
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| CN117800661A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-04-02 | 中国水利水电第十四工程局有限公司 | An ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes and its application |
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