CN104314087A - Slope greening protective structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Slope greening protective structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104314087A CN104314087A CN201410615698.8A CN201410615698A CN104314087A CN 104314087 A CN104314087 A CN 104314087A CN 201410615698 A CN201410615698 A CN 201410615698A CN 104314087 A CN104314087 A CN 104314087A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope greening protective structure and belongs to the technical field of the ecological protecting technology. The slope greening protective structure comprises a lattice type net frame which is fixedly mounted along a stable slope; the lattice type net frame is composed of longitudinal rib columns and a transverse reinforcing bar rack, wherein the rib columns comprises rib column reinforcing bars and rib column concrete jet onto the rib column reinforcing bars, the rib column reinforcing bars are fixed on the left and the right of exposed portions of anchor rods anchored into the slope through the anchor rods; the reinforcing bar rack is composed of anchors anchored into the slope and at least full-length reinforcing bars fixed to the exposed portions of the anchors, and the reinforcing bar rack is provided with seed-nutriment sacks which contain nutriment substrates and shrub seeds; the seed-nutriment sacks and the junction portions between the rib columns on both sides and the slope are sealed. The invention also provides a corresponding construction method of the slope greening protective structure. The construction method of the slope greening protective structure greatly shortens the construction cycle, reduces the potential risks of the protective structure and enhances the slope protecting effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological protection technology field, more particularly, be a kind of be applicable to be in stable state different gradient slope of rock mass or the concrete construction method of the domatic slope vegetation protection structure of soil property and this structure.
Background technology
At present, highway in China builds fast development, and high-grade highway carries out, in large-scale process of construction, inevitably excavating massif in mountain area and hilly ground, thus form exposed cut slope, this not only destroys massif vegetation, damages the ecological homeostasis, destroys local environment, and exposed side slope is again very easily by the erosion of wind and rain etc., cause soil erosion, jeopardize the safety of traffic, its protection question becomes increasingly conspicuous.In practice of construction, often require that rock slope is while carrying out protecting, also need to carry out ecological recovery, in order to meet safe and reliable and economical rationality double goal, to the in-depth analysis of high slope Disease Characters with seem very important to the careful selection of its harnessing project scheme.
The scope distributed along highway due to slope of highway is wide, large to the damage envelope of natural environment, and therefore we need to adopt suitable greening means of defence, makes highway have the features such as safe, comfortable, attractive in appearance, in accordance with natural environment.The plant landscape method of tradition slope of rock mass is planted Hanging Plants or on scar, dig plant edge, Hanging Plants and flowering shrub etc. of planting groove or fish-scale pit realize greening on plant climbing plant, top, slope of toe.The some slope species technology of development in recent years, as geotechnical grid grass planting slope protecting technique and geotechnological three-dimension vegetative net technology etc.These methods all also exist the shortcomings such as speed of application is slow, maintenance is difficult, survival rate is low, the whole domatic required time of vegetative coverage is long, green period is short.
For geotechnical grid grass planting slope protecting technique, its prefabricated concrete sash is fixed on rock slope, at the indoor filling planting soil of lattice, then spreading grass seeds carries out slope greening, though the method can play certain ecological recovery effect, also there is deficiency to a certain degree, as stressedly in domatic uneven, Prefabricated Concrete sash material unbalance stress, local nodes cross Major disruptionL etc., and when the gradient is steeper, needs the fixing sash of fluting on domatic, construction period is longer, potential safety hazard is larger.
Summary of the invention
For long construction period, potential safety hazard is large, the vegetation green cycle is short deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of side-slope greening and protection structure, this structure greatly can shorten construction period, reduces the potential safety hazard of safeguard structure and improve vegetation green cycle and protection effect thereof.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of side-slope greening and protection structure, comprise and rely on rock side slope or the hard-wired form rack of soil-slope, described form rack comprises the Bracket for steel bar of rib post and the horizontally set longitudinally arranged, described rib post comprises rib post reinforcing bar and is ejected into the rib post concrete on reinforcing rib post, described rib post reinforcing bar is fixed on the described anchor pole exposed parts left and right sides by the anchor pole anchoring into side slope, described Bracket for steel bar comprises the holdfast anchoring into side slope and at least two elongated reinforcing bars be fixed on described holdfast exposed parts, on described Bracket for steel bar, interval is furnished with plant biological bag, containing planting raw matrix and shrub seeds in this plant biological bag, the raw base material of planting of the adjacent side slope of described plant biological bag being sowed grass seeds by duster containing herbaceous plant seeds is formed domatic, rib post and the domatic junction of described plant biological bag and both sides seal.
Adopt the side-slope greening and protection structure of technique scheme, the plant biological bag that the rib post of vertical injection and the Bracket for steel bar of horizontally set are laid is utilized to be divided into multiple non-interfering format structure by domatic, this structure can be made use of momentum with slope, close with domatic laminating, can solve and plant raw base material because of the gradient and suddenly to glide under gravity and because of problems such as the domatic uneven lattice room node caused break; On plant biological bag, point has shrub seeds, to sow grass seeds by duster on domatic herbaceous plant seeds, due to the well developed root system of shrub seeds, tensile strength, take root scope and the degree of depth is all large than herbaceous plant, be combined with domatic on herbaceous plant can form three-dimensional slope protection, formed and stressedly more reasonably protect entirety, can retrain preferably and plant raw base material, and grass fills with better in conjunction with protection effect, green period is longer, can reach optimum ecological recovery and side slope protection object.
Furthermore, zinc coat is provided with between described form rack and side slope surface.Include the materials such as rib post reinforcing bar and elongated reinforcing bar due to form rack, zinc coat is set and effectively can prevents corrosion of steel, thus ensure the stable of total system.
Furthermore, described in plant raw base material and be divided into bottom and surface layer, described bottom is purely plant raw base material, described surface layer Homogeneous phase mixing herbaceous plant seeds.Layering is sowed grass seeds by duster and is not only beneficial to that bottom is pure plants raw base material and domatic condensation, is also beneficial to the growth of surface layer herbaceous plant seeds, if herbaceous plant seeds is distributed in plant raw base material bottom, will be unfavorable for that it grows.
Furthermore, described underlayer thickness is 5-7cm, and described surface thickness is 2-4cm.Plant raw base material excessively thin, be difficult to maintain the nutrition needed for herbaceous plant seeds long term growth, plant that raw base material is blocked up easily causes collapses upon itself to glide under gravity.
Furthermore, the degree of depth that described anchor pole and holdfast anchor into rock side slope is 0.5 ~ 1m, the degree of depth anchoring into soil-slope is not less than 3.5m, the anchor head crotch protruded length of described anchor pole is 5 ~ 8cm, described holdfast exposed parts length is 15 ~ 25cm, and described anchor pole and holdfast anchor into the direction of side slope and horizon angle should be close to side slope more than 15 °.For rock matter and soil-slope, anchor pole rationally anchor into the installation that the degree of depth and anchoring angle be conducive to rib post reinforcing bar, also conveniently Bracket for steel bar is set, ensure that the steadiness of laterally elongated reinforcing bar, facilitate laying of plant biological bag.
Furthermore, described shrub seeds selects silk tree, chrysanthemum Chinese scholartree and/or locust tree.Above-mentioned shrub seeds is considered local climate feature to select, and silk tree, chrysanthemum Chinese scholartree and locust tree belong to heat-resisting but without the need to considering the shrub plant resisted cold.
Present invention also offers a kind of construction method of side-slope greening and protection structure, comprise the steps:
A, slope surface treatment: remove the deposit on side slope surface, surface dust, float stone and outstanding rock, make domatic, the gradient meet designing requirement;
B, rockbolt installation:
B1, boring: elder generation is according to designing requirement to punch position measurement and positioning, and utilize drilling machine to punch on domatic, drilling depth is greater than more than rock-bolt length 50cm;
B2, clear hole: after pore-forming reaches designing requirement, remove clean by the rock dust in hole, landwaste and sediment;
B3, grouting: in hole, anchor into anchor pole make hook protruded length outside anchor head be 5-8cm, then in hole, perfusion meets the mortar of designing requirement proportioning, during perfusion, record slip casting time, grouting amount and the spillage degree of depth;
C, rib post are constructed: according to slope height blanking rib post reinforcing bar, described rib post reinforcing bar is vertically fixed in anchor pole exposed parts both sides, then point two-layer continuous injection rib post concrete on rib post reinforcing bar, and each jet thickness is 4-6cm;
Bracket for steel bar is constructed: the holdfast anchoring into lateral arrangement on domatic makes holdfast exposed parts length be 15 ~ 25cm, at described holdfast exposed parts colligation at least two elongated reinforcing bars;
The installation of D, plant biological bag: reasonable disposition plants raw matrix and loading plant biological bag of weighing, and is placed on Bracket for steel bar, then clicks and enters shrub seeds in plant biological bag by its interval;
Raw base material is planted in injection: spray seeder sent into by the raw base material of planting after reasonable disposition being stirred, and add water to domatic at gun slot and sow grass seeds by duster, sow grass seeds by duster time-division bottom and surface layer are sowed grass seeds by duster for twice, and bottom is purely plant raw base material, herbaceous plant seeds described in surface layer Homogeneous phase mixing;
E, cover non-woven fabrics: plant after raw base material sowed grass seeds by duster 24 hours, raw substrate surface is fixing covers non-woven fabrics planting;
F, maintenance are shaping: according to weather condition, carry out reasonable water seasoning, until shaping to planting raw base material.
Furthermore, in described step B3, first with cement water grout lubrication grouting pump and pipe before grouting, slip casing by pressure pump is adopted to pour into during grouting, at the bottom of Grouting Pipe patchhole, slowly transfer to Grouting Pipe, till slurry is returned in aperture with perfusion limit, grouting pressure limit, after filling, supplementary irrigation cement mortar after mortar solidification shrinkage.
Furthermore, in described step D, plant before raw base material sows grass seeds by duster, first moistening to the domatic water spray that carries out, gun slot is kept vertically down to sow grass seeds by duster from domatic top with domatic when sowing grass seeds by duster, gun slot blast 4500 ~ 5500 Pa, ensures that described bottom thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 5-7cm simultaneously, and surface layer thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 2-4cm.
Furthermore, in described step F, until herbaceous plant seeds emerge grow to 5 ~ 6 cm or 2 ~ 3 leaves time, take non-woven fabrics off, after emerging one month, impose composite fertilizer, after growing to 30 ~ 40cm, suitably reduce irrigation times.
The present invention compared to existing technology, has following beneficial effect:
1, technological operation is simple, and mechanization degree is high, and speed of application is fast, short construction period.
2, the format structure utilizing the plant biological bag that the rib post of vertical injection and the Bracket for steel bar of horizontally set are laid to form can be made use of momentum with slope, fit tightly with domatic, the raw base material of planting that can solve that the gradient causes greatly glides and the domatic uneven lattice room node caused such as to break at the problem, and whole safeguard structure system is very stable.
3, the shrub seeds well developed root system in plant biological bag, tensile strength, take root scope and the degree of depth is all large than herbaceous plant, herbaceous plant seeds producing shaped on domatic is faster than shrub seeds with greening speed, both cooperatively interact and form three-dimensional slope protection, formed and stressedly more reasonably protect entirety, can retrain preferably and plant raw base material and side slope is protected.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front side mounting structure schematic diagram of rib post reinforcing bar and anchor pole (apleuria post concrete and Bracket for steel bar);
Structural representation is cutd open in the side that Fig. 2 jetted rib post concrete for structure shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the Facad structure schematic diagram of side-slope greening and protection structure;
Fig. 4 is for cuing open structural representation in the side of the structure of side-slope greening and protection shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is Bracket for steel bar and the mounting structure schematic diagram of plant biological bag on rock side slope;
Fig. 6 is that the sectional structure chart of planting raw base material is sprayed in domatic layering;
Fig. 7 is the construction process figure of side-slope greening and protection structure.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art, the present invention may be better understood, further illustrates technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of side-slope greening and protection structure, be applicable to the rock side slope of the different gradient being in stable state or the slope vegetation protection of soil-slope, side slope top is soil-slope 1, side slope bottom is rock side slope 2, here side slope is specially any and considers that domatic top layer is soil property or rock matter, a platform is formed between soil-slope 1 and rock side slope 2, described safeguard structure comprises the zinc coat 63(galvanized steel wire netting be fixedly mounted on respectively on rock side slope 1 and soil-slope 2) and form rack, wherein zinc coat 63 is between form rack and side slope surface, form rack includes the rib post 3 longitudinally arranged, as shown in Figure 1, described rib post 3 comprises rib post reinforcing bar 31 and is ejected into the rib post concrete 32(C25 on reinforcing rib post 31), described rib post reinforcing bar 31 is fixed by anchor pole 33, here anchor pole 33 one end anchors into side slope, the exposed parts left and right sides, one end fixing rib post reinforcing bar 31, wherein said anchor pole 33 is longitudinally domatic fixing every 2 meters of punchings.
As Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 5, form rack also comprises the Bracket for steel bar 4 of horizontally set, described Bracket for steel bar 4 comprises the holdfast 41 anchoring into side slope and the two elongated reinforcing bars 42 be fixed on holdfast 41 exposed parts, wherein holdfast 41 presses the setting of Ф 16@500 interval, described Bracket for steel bar 4 places plant biological bag 5 every 2 meters of intervals, containing the shrub seeds of planting raw matrix and clicking and entering configured in this plant biological bag 5, the raw base material 6 of planting of side slope being sowed grass seeds by duster containing herbaceous plant seeds is formed domatic, after planting raw base material 6 and solidifying, the rib post 3 of plant biological bag 5 and both sides can and domatic between forms the lattice room sealing and do not sluice outward, such benefit be domatic on surface water when flowing downward, because being subject to the stop of plant biological bag 5, domatic runoff receives stop, greatly reduce the flow velocity of current, avoid rainwater and wash away domatic brought unstability through clearance acceleration is radial, if not by planting raw base material to fill up the clearance (because the out-of-flatness of side slope own) between plant biological bag 5 and side slope, rainwater on so domatic will not be stopped and directly be passed clearance along domatic toward dirty, rainwater is more toward dirty, its speed constantly increases, larger on slope stability impact.
For avoiding the influence on groundwater under rock matter or soil-slope to the stability of side slope, spilled water hole 7 can be set up, imbed flexible porous tube and carry out draining.
The raw matrix of planting of plant biological bag 5 li forms primarily of planting soil, composite fertilizer, water-loss reducer and fertilizer, shrub seeds is selected according to side slope location climatic characteristic, if northern, then need to consider whether shrub resists cold, if south, then need to consider that whether shrub is heat-resisting, for Chongqing region, summer temperature reaches as high as more than 40 °, winter, minimum temperature was difficult to lower than 0 °, therefore the selection of plant mainly considers that whether it is heat-resisting, and not high to the whether cold-resistant requirement of plant, considers shrub seedses such as have selected silk tree, chrysanthemum Chinese scholartree and locust tree.
The raw base material of planting of side slope injection is tied agent, slow-release fertilizer, water-loss reducer, disinfectant primarily of organic matter, bio-bacterial manure, thickness fiber, subsides, is planted the component such as loam and water composition, this is also the basis that raw base material planted by the bank protection that market is sold, can directly commercially.As shown in Figure 6, plant raw base material two-layerly to sow grass seeds by duster in the time-division of sowing grass seeds by duster, thus form bottom 61 and surface layer 62 structure, wherein bottom 61 plants raw base material for pure, surface layer 62 Homogeneous phase mixing has herbaceous plant seeds, layering is sowed grass seeds by duster and is not only conducive to planting in bottom 61 rapid solidification of raw base material, also helps the quick growth of surface layer herbaceous plant seeds.During concrete enforcement, 31 bottoms sow grass seeds by duster THICKNESS CONTROL at 5-7cm, and surface layer sows grass seeds by duster THICKNESS CONTROL at 2-4cm.
Anchor pole 33 and holdfast 41 are in quincuncial arrangement, its severity control anchoring into rock side slope 2 is at 0.5 ~ 1m, the degree of depth anchoring into soil-slope 1 is not less than 3.5m, because rock side slope 2 is better than soil-slope 1 fixed effect, the degree of depth anchoring into rock side slope 2 can be too dark, for soil-slope 1, if the lithosphere below soil is more shallow, anchor pole 33 and holdfast 41 anchor into rock part, if the lithosphere below soil is darker, then need not anchor into lithosphere part, frictional force only by soil after only needing anchor pole 33 and holdfast 41 to anchor into certain depth also can pin anchor pole 33 and holdfast 41, the anchor head crotch protruded length of described anchor pole 33 controls at 5 ~ 8cm, facilitate fixing rib post reinforcing bar 31, holdfast 41 exposed parts length is for controlling at 15 ~ 25cm, facilitate the elongated reinforcing bar 42 of colligation and place a certain size plant biological bag 5, for guaranteeing that the shrub seeds of plant biological bag 5 can stable growth, anchor pole 33 and holdfast 41 anchor into the direction of side slope and horizontal angle should be close to side slope more than 15 °, with 15 ° ~ 20 ° for good (being too against the growth that side slope is unfavorable for shrub seeds), slightly towards tilted when such plant biological bag 5 is placed, it is avoided to tumble from Bracket for steel bar 4.
When side slope planting plants, substantially be all the mode adopting sowing, but to emerge due to shrub seeds and the growth course of seedling is much slower than herbaceous plant seeds, cause shrub seeds growth early stage engulf by the herbaceous plant that grows up to, cause fruticeta to be built unsuccessfully.Occur for avoiding this kind of situation, shrub seeds on putting on plant biological bag respectively, sow grass seeds by duster on domatic after herbaceous plant seeds, because herbal growth substitutes very fast, first can build green plants, and shrub seeds constantly grows in death process herbaceous plant and slowly grows growth, finally form shrub layer smoothly.Due to the well developed root system of shrub seeds, tensile strength, take root scope and the degree of depth is all large than herbaceous plant, its root system can extend to domatic, and coordinate domatic on herbaceous plant retrain better domatic on plant raw base material, formed and stressedly more reasonably protect entirety.
As shown in Figure 7, for above-mentioned safeguard structure, present invention also provides its concrete construction method, comprise the steps:
S10, slope surface treatment: construct from top to bottom, artificial deposit, surface dust and the float stone removing side slope surface, for outstanding rock, adopts mechanical bond hand fit pneumatic pick to reject, and domatic smooth as far as possible, the gradient is met design requirement.
For more smooth domatic, will carry out the domatic rough process that adds by measures such as excavation lateral trench, dabbing are domatic, lateral trench should be tilted to slope.Will prevent counter-slope during clear slope, domatic indent part should use porous concrete to mend and fill out.
After slope surface treatment is complete, in side slope, layer overlay galvanized steel wire netting, effectively avoids corrosion of steel, guarantees the stability of side-slope greening and protection structure.
S20, rockbolt installation:
Before rockbolt installation, setting up of advanced line operate platform, concrete points for attention are as follows:
1. first must observe the stable case of existing side slope before scaffold building, after determining safety, set up scaffold again.
2. bracket upright post should be placed on the rock of hard and steady, must not be placed on scum silica frost; Scaffold building should meet constructing operation requirement; Security guardrail is set to tackle emergent situation.
3. set up pipe thread want firmly and stablize, necessary wedging between steelframe and side slope, it is firm to connect between adjacent steelframe, to guarantee construction safety.
4., after scaffold building completes, should need on scaffold, arrange bamboo springboard and cat ladder according to construction, and bamboo springboard and cat ladder application iron wire are tied up extremely, to ensure the construction safety of personnel and facility.
After operating platform has been set up, carry out the installation of anchor pole, concrete installation process is divided into following several step:
S21, boring: elder generation to punch position measurement and positioning, utilizes drilling machine to punch in side slope according to designing requirement, the degree of depth of punching is relevant with the degree of depth that holdfast anchors into anchor pole, and in general, drilling depth anchors into more than degree of depth 50cm more preferably greater than anchor pole or holdfast.And the selection that anchor pole and holdfast anchor into the degree of depth is relevant to side slope character, if side slope is rock side slope, the degree of depth that anchor pole and holdfast anchor into is better with 0.5 ~ 1m, if side slope is soil-slope, the degree of depth that anchor pole and holdfast anchor into preferably is not less than 3.5m, the concrete degree of depth will determine according to the rock matter layer depth below soil property, if rock matter layer is more shallow, anchor pole and holdfast preferably anchor into rock matter layer, if rock matter layer is darker, for avoiding the waste on material, the anchor pole grown very much and holdfast need not be selected to anchor into darker rock matter layer place, therefore anchor pole and holdfast extreme length is only needed to control within the scope of 4 ~ 5m, even if anchor pole and holdfast do not anchor into rock matter layer like this, it also can pin anchor pole and holdfast by the frictional force of soil.
For guaranteeing the stable of plant biological bag, boring pierce direction with horizon angle is close to side slope more than 15 °, can ensure after anchor pole and holdfast are installed like this transverse reinforcement bracket firmly and the laying smoothly of plant biological bag, avoid it to tumble from Bracket for steel bar.
If side slope will design spilled water hole, so this spilled water hole should to leak slope requirement boring according to 6% of design, and imbeds flexible porous tube in time.
S22, clear hole: after pore-forming reaches the degree of depth of designing requirement, adopt the clear hole of air, remove the rock dust in hole, landwaste and sediment clean, dry up hole wall, so that rock and mortar have bonds well when installing.
S23, grouting are first before fixing to be carried out batching and the making of required bar material according to designing requirement, after hole completes clearly, puts into anchor pole in time, and for convenience of later stage fixing rib post reinforcing bar, the anchor head crotch protruded length of anchor pole controls at 5 ~ 8cm.
Concrete filling process is as follows:
1. according to designing requirement configuration grouting slurries, slurries should stir, with mix with, and slurries should be finished before initial set.
2. first grouting pump and pipe is lubricated with cement water grout before cementing operations, then slip casing by pressure pump is adopted to pour into, to prevent stone, foreign material are mixed into, pour at the bottom of Grouting Pipe patchhole during perfusion, slowly Grouting Pipe is transferred to perfusion limit, grouting pressure limit, till slurry is returned in aperture, after filling, supplementary irrigation slurries after mortar solidification shrinkage.
When 2. pouring into, record slip casting time, grouting amount and the spillage degree of depth, to check pouring quality.
Note during grouting following some:
Under noticing during grouting that the mouth of pipe should be in slurry face all the time, when going out aperture etc. ororrhea, all transfer to Grouting Pipe.Leakage as through in crack, employing adds accelerating admixture or gradation slip casting method solves.
For rock crushing, cranny development, the special macropore position of spillage, adopt and be interrupted slip casting, first insert anchor pole or holdfast, then mend slurry till overfilling, after mortar solidification shrinkage, carry out after-teeming by coordination in works allotment cement mortar.
Should carry out the performance test of anchor pole or holdfast before large-area construction, check its parameter whether consistent with design, examination quantity is got and is installed 5% of sum, and must not be less than 3.
If slip casting starts or midway stopped more than 30 minutes, application water or cement water grout lubricate grouting pump and pipeline.
S30, rib post and Bracket for steel bar are constructed
S31, rib post are constructed: according to slope height, adopt Φ 12 indented bars as rib post reinforcing bar, crotch is exposed through anchor pole by vertical for described rib post reinforcing bar, and with No. 14 thin wires, rib post reinforcing bar is fixed colligation anchor pole exposed parts both sides, rib post reinforcing bar distance side slope granule surface contral is at 5 ~ 8cm, and lap length should not be less than 35d; After rib post reinforcement construction, spray C25 rib post concrete at rib post reinforcing bar higher slice, each jet thickness is 4-6cm, concrete enforcement time-division upper and lower two-layer injection, and every layer of jet thickness is about 5cm, and completes upper strata injection before lower floor's initial setting time.
S32, Bracket for steel bar are constructed: on slope rock mass, anchor into Ф 16 holdfast that lateral separation is arranged, spacing distance is 50cm, the installation process of holdfast is roughly the same with anchor pole, for convenience of the elongated reinforcing bar of later stage colligation and accommodation plant biological bag, holdfast exposed parts length for controlling at 15 ~ 25cm, at holdfast exposed parts colligation 2 elongated reinforcing bars of Ф 12.
The installation of S40, plant biological bag: reasonable disposition plants raw matrix, describedly plant raw matrix and comprise planting soil, composite fertilizer, water-loss reducer and fertilizer, weigh and by crane, its interval (2 meters) are placed on Bracket for steel bar after packing, then in plant biological bag, click and enter the shrub seedses such as silk tree, chrysanthemum Chinese scholartree, locust tree, spacing is 1 meter.
Raw base material is planted in injection: planting raw base material is that seed growth is grown, and the body of root system development primarily of organic matter, bio-bacterial manure, thickness fiber, pastes knot agent, slow-release fertilizer, water-loss reducer, disinfectant, plants loam and water and forms.Each component stirs after (concrete ratio can determine according to locally collected meteorology, the hydrology and Ecological Data) proportioning in proportion, mixing time 2min is advisable, configure rear feeding spray seeder, add water to side slope at gun slot and sow grass seeds by duster, sow grass seeds by duster time-division bottom and surface layer is sowed grass seeds by duster for twice, bottom is purely plant raw base material, herbaceous plant seeds described in surface layer Homogeneous phase mixing.
Before sowing grass seeds by duster, should be first moistening at side slope surface sprinkling, in order to plant raw base material be combined with side slope better formed new domatic.Spray gun is as far as possible vertical with by spray plane, avoids facing upward spray, notices that dead angle part and convexconcave part will spray full.Strict control spray gun air quantity, blast, ensure muzzle blast 4500 ~ 5500 Pa, when sowing grass seeds by duster preferably from side slope top down, width control system of sowing grass seeds by duster is at about 4m.
Thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster should be determined according to factors such as the gradient of side slope, slope are high, and steeper domatic of slope Gao Yue great, the gradient sows grass seeds by duster thicker (should not be too thick, blocked up easily cause collapses upon itself to glide under gravity).
Spray bottom: planting raw base material, fully to mix water spray thoroughly moistening, pinches with hand and agglomeratingly unclamps namely loose being as the criterion.To plant raw base material with machinery of sowing grass seeds by duster is sprayed onto in side slope, and THICKNESS CONTROL of sowing grass seeds by duster is at 5 ~ 7cm.
Spray plane layer: first will plant raw base material and herbaceous plant seeds mixes, surface layer of in good time sowing grass seeds by duster after bottom is stable.Plant raw base material, herbaceous plant seeds and water and be sprayed to side slope in the mixing of spray seeder nozzle, THICKNESS CONTROL of sowing grass seeds by duster is at 2 ~ 4cm.Grasp the consumption of water when sowing grass seeds by duster, the mixture adhesion side slope of planting raw base material substrate and herbaceous plant seeds is not moved and does not come off.
S50, cover non-woven fabrics: plant after raw base material sowed grass seeds by duster 24 hours, raw substrate surface is fixing covers non-woven fabrics (16g ~ 18g/m planting
2), before covering non-woven fabrics, reply is planted raw base material and is once watered, and makes to plant raw base material moisture abundance.Plant raw substrate surface cover non-woven fabrics can effectively reduce base material moisture evaporation, prevent rain drop erosion, be conducive to grass seeds germinate.
Upper and lower for non-woven fabrics two ends are fixed on top, slope and toe place, the left and right sides is by being definitely fixed at substrate surface.Must not guarantee during non-textile mulch and have large-area hollowing, to prevent wind.
S60, maintenance are shaping: according to weather condition, carry out reasonable water seasoning, until shaping to planting raw base material.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1. plant after raw base material is sowed grass seeds by duster and carry out water seasoning according to weather condition, to promote that herbaceous plant seeds germinates, water should spray plants raw base material, and the water droplet watering to be atomized is good, must guard against flood and washes away.
2., after emerging, water and should carry out sooner or later, when careless seedling grows to 5 ~ 6 cm or 2 ~ 3 leaves, take non-woven fabrics off, after emerging 1 month, suitably impose composite fertilizer, should after the rain during fertilising, in order to avoid rainwater washes away fertilizer.
3. after plant growth to 30 ~ 40cm, irrigation times can suitably reduce, and according to weather condition, pouring is advisable for 2 times weekly, during weather arid, can increase irrigation times.
4. maintenance is after 3 months, can reduce irrigation times, relies on natural rainfall maintenance voluntarily, if but the long-term continuous drought of weather, suitably should give water seasoning, in curing time, note the control of disease and pest.
Above a kind of rock side slope plant protection structure provided by the invention and construction method thereof are described in detail.The explanation of specific embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a side-slope greening and protection structure, it is characterized in that, comprise and rely on rock side slope or the hard-wired form rack of soil-slope, described form rack comprises the Bracket for steel bar of rib post and the horizontally set longitudinally arranged, described rib post comprises rib post reinforcing bar and is ejected into the rib post concrete on reinforcing rib post, described rib post reinforcing bar is fixed on the described anchor pole exposed parts left and right sides by the anchor pole anchoring into side slope, described Bracket for steel bar comprises the holdfast anchoring into side slope and at least two elongated reinforcing bars be fixed on described holdfast exposed parts, on described Bracket for steel bar, interval is furnished with plant biological bag, containing planting raw matrix and shrub seeds in this plant biological bag, the raw base material of planting of the adjacent side slope of described plant biological bag being sowed grass seeds by duster containing herbaceous plant seeds is formed domatic, rib post and the domatic junction of described plant biological bag and both sides seal.
2. side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with zinc coat between described form rack and side slope surface.
3. side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in plant raw base material and be divided into bottom and surface layer, described bottom is purely plant raw base material, herbaceous plant seeds described in described surface layer Homogeneous phase mixing.
4. side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described underlayer thickness is 5-7cm, and described surface thickness is 2-4cm.
5. the side-slope greening and protection structure according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth that described anchor pole and holdfast anchor into rock side slope is 0.5 ~ 1m, the degree of depth anchoring into soil-slope is not less than 3.5m, the anchor head crotch protruded length of described anchor pole is 5 ~ 8cm, described holdfast exposed parts length is 15 ~ 25cm, and described anchor pole and holdfast anchor into the direction of side slope and horizon angle should be close to side slope more than 15 °.
6. side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described shrub seeds selects silk tree, chrysanthemum Chinese scholartree and/or locust tree.
7. a construction method for side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A, slope surface treatment: remove the deposit on side slope surface, surface dust, float stone and outstanding rock, make domatic, the gradient meet designing requirement;
B, rockbolt installation:
B1, boring: elder generation is according to designing requirement to punch position measurement and positioning, and utilize drilling machine to punch on domatic, drilling depth is greater than more than rock-bolt length 50cm;
B2, clear hole: after pore-forming reaches designing requirement, remove clean by the rock dust in hole, landwaste and sediment;
B3, grouting: in hole, anchor into anchor pole make hook protruded length outside anchor head be 5-8cm, then in hole, perfusion meets the slurries of designing requirement proportioning, during perfusion, record slip casting time, grouting amount and the spillage degree of depth;
C, rib post are constructed: according to slope height blanking rib post reinforcing bar, described rib post reinforcing bar is vertically fixed in anchor pole exposed parts both sides, then point two-layer continuous injection rib post concrete on rib post reinforcing bar, and each jet thickness is 4-6cm;
Bracket for steel bar is constructed: the holdfast anchoring into lateral arrangement on domatic makes holdfast exposed parts length be 15 ~ 25cm, at described holdfast exposed parts colligation at least two elongated reinforcing bars;
The installation of D, plant biological bag: reasonable disposition plants raw matrix and loading plant biological bag of weighing, and is placed on Bracket for steel bar, then clicks and enters shrub seeds in plant biological bag by its interval;
Raw base material is planted in injection: spray seeder sent into by the raw base material of planting after reasonable disposition being stirred, and add water to domatic at gun slot and sow grass seeds by duster, sow grass seeds by duster time-division bottom and surface layer are sowed grass seeds by duster for twice, and bottom is purely plant raw base material, and surface layer Homogeneous phase mixing has herbaceous plant seeds;
E, cover non-woven fabrics: plant after raw base material sowed grass seeds by duster 24 hours, raw substrate surface is fixing covers non-woven fabrics planting;
F, maintenance are shaping: according to weather condition, carry out reasonable water seasoning, until shaping to planting raw base material.
8. the construction method of side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step B3, first with cement water grout liquid lubrication grouting pump and pipe before grouting, slip casing by pressure pump during grouting, is adopted to pour into, at the bottom of Grouting Pipe patchhole, slowly Grouting Pipe is transferred to perfusion limit, grouting pressure limit, till slurry is returned in aperture, after filling, supplementary irrigation slurries after mortar solidification shrinkage.
9. the construction method of side-slope greening and protection structure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step D, plant before raw base material sows grass seeds by duster, first moistening to the domatic water spray that carries out, keep gun slot vertically down to sow grass seeds by duster from domatic top with domatic when sowing grass seeds by duster, gun slot blast 4500 ~ 5500 Pa, ensure that described bottom thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 5-7cm, surface layer thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 2-4cm simultaneously.
10. the construction method of the side-slope greening and protection structure according to any one of claim 7-9, it is characterized in that, in described step F, until herbaceous plant seeds emerge grow to 5 ~ 6 cm or 2 ~ 3 leaves time, take non-woven fabrics off, after emerging one month, impose composite fertilizer, after growing to 30 ~ 40cm, suitably reduce irrigation times.
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