CN110036811A - Slope vegetation protection structure and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation slope protection structure and a construction method thereof. The structure includes a slope surface, a plurality of multi-functional bags are distributed on the slope surface, a hanging net is arranged above the multi-functional bags, and the multi-functional bags are connected to the slope surface through anchors. Fixed, or the multi-functional bag is fixed on the mesh, and then the mesh is fixed to the slope through anchors; there is also a planted slope protection base between the hanging net and the slope, and the side of the hanging net away from the slope is also provided with a planted slope protection surface layer; the multi-functional bag is a three-dimensional structure made of net enclosure, which is filled with base material and arbor and/or shrub seeds, and the distance between the hanging net and the slope surface is 80-100mm. The structure and construction method of the invention overcomes the problem that the distance between the mesh and the slope surface is difficult to meet the design requirements during the vegetation slope protection construction, and the problems that the herbs, trees and shrubs cannot grow together in the vegetation slope protection are of great significance to the slope ecological protection project. .

Description

Vegetation slope protection structure and its construction method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection engineering, and in particular relates to a vegetation slope protection structure and a construction method thereof; in the slope ecological protection project, a multifunctional package for vegetation slope protection is provided, which does not affect the conditions of engineering slope protection. Improve the durability and species diversity of vegetation slope protection.

Background technique

As the country attaches great importance to environmental issues, the connotation of environmental protection has been added to the discipline of geotechnical engineering. Vegetation restoration techniques for excavation wounds of geotechnical bodies and rational utilization of waste residues have become the research topics in the field of geotechnical and ecological environment engineering. hot spot. Various types of ecological slope protection emerge as the times require, and the use of vegetation slope protection has good social, economic and ecological benefits. In particular, the currently widely used vegetation concrete ecological protection technology and its core - vegetation concrete active additive developed by Three Gorges University can effectively adjust the physical, chemical and biological properties of the substrate and form a good vegetation growth environment.

However, the following problems exist in the prior art: the distance between the mesh sheet and the slope surface cannot meet the requirements during the construction of hanging net spraying (the distance between the mesh sheet and the slope surface is too small or even close to the slope surface), and the spraying of the base material cannot be achieved. Reinforcement is easy to crack or even fall off in pieces; in addition, the germination rate of tree and shrub seeds in the vegetation concrete substrate is not high, the survival rate of seedlings is low, and a stable plant community with organic combination of tree, shrub and grass cannot be formed. As a result, single herbaceous plants will wither, alopecia areata, and even large areas of bare land due to the gradual depletion of soil nutrients or lawn degradation. In addition, herbaceous plants have weak and short root systems, relatively poor soil-fixing ability, and continuous rainfall. Seasons can also cause slope collapse.

In the current technology such as "High and Steep Slope Vegetation Concrete Slope Protection Greening Technology" (Publication No.: CN106927758A), the jute fiber biorod needs to be placed in the artificial rock drilling method to increase the strip U-shaped rough surface, and artificially drilled on the high and steep slope. The amount of rock engineering is large and difficult to construct, which not only greatly increases the economic cost of ecological protection, but also brings huge hidden dangers to the personal safety of workers. There are as many as 14 kinds of materials used in the jute fiber bio-rod. The materials are difficult to collect and the ratio is complicated. The construction is very difficult, and it is not suitable for large-scale engineering construction!

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a vegetation slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, which overcomes the problems that the distance between the mesh and the slope surface cannot meet the design requirements during the vegetation slope protection construction, and that the herbs, trees and shrubs cannot grow together in the vegetation slope protection. , which is of great significance to the slope ecological protection project.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is that a vegetation slope protection structure includes a slope surface, a plurality of multi-functional bags are distributed on the slope surface, a mesh sheet is arranged above the multi-functional bag, and the multi-functional bag is fixed to the slope surface by anchors, Or the multi-functional bag is fixed on the mesh, and then the mesh is fixed to the slope surface through anchors; there is also a planted slope protection base between the mesh and the slope, and a planted slope protection surface layer is also provided on the side of the mesh away from the slope; The multifunctional bag is a three-dimensional structure made of mesh enclosure, and is filled with substrates and arbor and/or shrub seeds, and the distance between the mesh and the slope is 80-100 mm.

Further, the multi-functional bag is a long cylinder with a square or circular cross-section, which is placed on the slope. Straw fiber mesh, etc.

Further, the length of the multifunctional bag is 500mm-2000mm, when the cross section is square, the width is 80mm-100mm, and the height is 80mm-100mm; when the cross-section is circular, the diameter is 80mm-100mm.

Further, the base material filled in the multifunctional bag is made of the following components by weight: 1000 parts of planting soil, 300 parts of organic matter, 50 parts of active additives, 50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of compound fertilizer.

Further, the arbor and/or shrub seeds are required to be planted by the ecological restoration project design plan, and the hole is required to be added to the substrate, and the depth of the hole is 10mm-20mm; the tree and/or shrub seeds are used 1500mg/L before the hole. The gibberellin solution was soaked for 24 hours and then air-dried.

Further, the thickness of the vegetation slope protection base layer is 80-100 mm, and the vegetation slope protection surface layer is mixed with plant seeds.

Further, vegetation slope protection includes vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, anti-scour base material (PEB) ecological slope protection, thick-layer substrate vegetation slope protection, hydraulic spray grass planting slope protection and spray mixed vegetation slope protection.

The present invention also relates to the construction method of the vegetation slope protection structure, comprising the following steps:

1) According to the conditions of the slope, prepare multi-functional bags of suitable size and quantity; and fill the base material inside, and plant tree and/or shrub seeds in the base material;

2) Cut and clear the slope to be constructed, fix the multi-functional bag with anchors or connect it with the hanging net, and then install the hanging net with anchors in place;

3) Spray the vegetation slope protection base layer between the hanging net and the slope, and then spray the vegetation slope protection surface layer on the vegetation slope protection base layer; carry out maintenance and complete the construction of the vegetation slope protection structure.

Further, when the multi-function bag is set, the distance between two adjacent multi-function bags is 500mm-2000mm, the two ends of the multi-function bag are fixed to the slope surface with U-shaped nails, and the multi-function bag in the local area is directly tied to the hanging net. Then fix the hanging net directly with anchors.

Further, during the maintenance construction, a straw curtain is laid on the vegetation slope protection surface for watering and maintenance.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. By setting up a multi-functional bag, it can not only be used as a support block for the vegetation slope protection mesh, but also can be flexibly arranged according to the development of the slope rock, so as to ensure that the distance between the mesh and the slope meets the design requirements, so that the mesh can play Reinforcement effect.

2. The material of the multi-functional bag is made of geonet or degradable fiber mesh, and the interior is filled with a base material. The structure can withstand large variable loads and can prevent cracks caused by pulping.

3. The raw materials used in the multi-functional bag are geonets or degradable fiber nets, such as polycaprolactone, polyester fiber nets, straw fiber nets, etc. The degradable fiber nets have the characteristics of strong flexibility and good permeability in the early stage, and can be Wrap the substrate and tree and/or shrub seeds as a whole. Moreover, the raw material is degradable, and is degraded by micro-respiration or chemical energy synthesis by fungi, bacteria and other natural microorganisms widely distributed in festive or anaerobic conditions, and finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. The degraded products can not only provide plant photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide can also maintain the moisture content, avoid the hardening of the substrate, promote plant respiration, and make plants grow rapidly.

4. By planting tree and/or shrub seeds in the base material of the multi-functional package, it can provide an adaptive environment for the germination of seeds, effectively improve the survival rate of trees and shrubs, and achieve a three-dimensional greening vegetation slope protection with organic combination of grass and wood The purpose of ecological restoration is to avoid the problem of low plant survival rate and single vegetation species.

5. The vegetation slope protection structure has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, low cost, and easy realization of industrialized mass production.

6. In the later maintenance, by laying straw curtains for watering and maintenance, the seeds of herbs and trees germinate and drill out the straw covering layer. After the plants have grown for a period of time, the plant rhizomes play a reinforcing role on the straw covering layer. In the early stage of plant growth, the straw mulch provides a good temperature, humidity and microbial environment for plant growth; in the later stage of plant growth, the decay and degradation of the straw mulch and multifunctional packaging materials can further promote the rapid growth of plants.

7. The multifunctional bag of the present invention is filled with base material and seeds of trees and/or shrubs, the construction is simple, the purpose of promoting the growth of trees and/or shrubs can also be achieved, and it is suitable for large-scale engineering construction.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional bag in the present invention when it is a rectangular parallelepiped.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional bag of the present invention when it is a cylinder.

In the picture: 1. Multifunctional bag; 2. Slope surface; 3. Planted slope protection base; 4. Anchor nails; 5. Planted slope protection surface layer; 6. Mesh.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-4, the present invention provides a vegetation slope protection structure, including a slope surface 2, a plurality of multi-functional bags 1 are distributed on the slope surface, a mesh 6 is arranged above the multi-functional bag, and the multi-functional bag passes through The anchors 4 are fixed to the slope, or the multi-functional package is fixed on the mesh, and then the mesh is fixed to the slope through the anchors; there is also a planted slope protection base 3 between the mesh and the slope, and the mesh is far from the slope. The side is also provided with a planting slope protection surface layer 5; the multi-functional bag is a three-dimensional structure made of net enclosure, and it is filled with substrate and arbor and/or shrub seeds, and the distance between the mesh and the slope is 80 -100mm.

In a preferred solution, the multi-functional bag is a long cylinder with a square or circular cross-section, which is placed horizontally on the slope, and the multi-functional bag is made of geonet or degradable fiber mesh. The degradable fiber web can be selected from polycaprolactone, polyester fiber web or straw fiber web.

In a preferred solution, the length of the multifunctional bag is 500mm-2000mm, and the specific size is flexibly selected according to the situation of the slope. When the section is square, the width is 80mm-100mm, and the height is 80mm-100mm; when the section is circular, the diameter is 80mm-100mm.

In a preferred solution, the base material filled in the multifunctional bag is made of the following components by weight: 1000 parts of planting soil, 300 parts of organic matter, 50 parts of active additives, 50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of compound fertilizer. The substrate is loose in texture and good in drainage, improves the fertility of the substrate and can prolong the long-term effect of the substrate's fertility, has high porosity, and is favorable for the germination and growth of trees and shrubs by acidity and alkalinity. Planting soil provides a necessary environment for plants to survive. Organic matter not only increases the porosity of the environment and is conducive to plant respiration, but also organic matter is widely distributed in the soil with the passage of time, fungi, bacteria and other natural microorganisms. Chemical energy is synthesized and degraded, and finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. The degraded products can not only provide carbon dioxide for plant photosynthesis, but also maintain water content, reduce the hardening of substrates, promote plant respiration, and promote rapid plant growth. Compound fertilizer can quickly provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements needed for plant germination and growth, and promote plant absorption of nutrients. Organic fertilizer mainly relies on the decomposition of fungi and bacteria widely distributed in the soil, which has the effect of slow-release fertilizer and keeps the soil in a nutritious state for a long time. Active additives can improve the biological properties and physicochemical properties of soil substrates, adjust the PH value of substrates, provide a suitable environment for the germination and growth of tree and/or shrub seeds, and can also improve the quick-acting and long-acting fertilizers required for plant growth. soil nutrition. Improve the stress resistance of the substrate, make the seeds of trees and/or shrubs take root and grow rapidly, and quickly form a three-dimensional structure of ecological restoration of grass, shrubs and trees.

In the preferred plan, the tree and/or shrub seeds are planted on a spot according to the design plan of the ecological restoration project, and the hole is required to be inserted into the substrate, and the depth of the hole is 10mm-20mm; L of gibberellin solution was soaked for 24 hours and then air-dried.

In a preferred solution, the thickness of the vegetation slope protection base layer is 80-100mm, and the vegetation slope protection surface layer is mixed with plant seeds, and the thickness is 20mm.

In the preferred solution, the vegetation slope protection includes vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, anti-scour base material (PEB) ecological slope protection, thick-layer substrate vegetation slope protection, hydraulic spraying grass planting slope protection and spraying mixed vegetation slope protection.

The construction method of the vegetation slope protection structure comprises the following steps:

1) According to the conditions of the slope, prepare multi-functional bags of suitable size and quantity. If the slope is relatively flat, set the horizontal and parallel intervals of 1000mm-2000mm; The area is set at a distance of 500mm-1500mm; and the substrate is filled in it, and tree and/or shrub seeds are planted in the substrate;

2) Cut and clear the slope to be constructed, fix the multi-functional bag with anchors or connect it with the mesh, and then install the mesh in place with anchors;

3) Spray the vegetation slope protection base layer between the mesh and the slope surface, and then spray the vegetation slope protection surface layer on the vegetation slope protection base layer; carry out maintenance and complete the construction of the vegetation slope protection structure.

Preferably, when the multi-functional bags are installed, the distance between two adjacent multi-functional bags is 500mm-2000 mm, the two ends of the multi-functional bags are fixed to the slope surface with U-shaped nails, and the multi-functional bags in local areas are directly bound on the mesh, Then fix the mesh directly with anchors.

Preferably, during the maintenance construction, a curing layer is laid on the vegetation slope protection surface layer for heat preservation, water retention and moisture preservation, such as using non-woven fabrics on the leeward side, and straw curtain watering and curing on the windward side.

Example:

Taking the 3# slope of Fujian Yongtai Pumped Storage Power Station as an example to illustrate the specific construction steps of the vegetation slope protection structure:

(1) The multifunctional bag is mechanized to produce a rectangular degradable fiber web. According to the slope conditions, its length is 2000mm, its width is 100mm, and its height is 80mm. The multi-function bag is filled with suitable substrates for trees and irrigation, and the seeds of trees and shrubs are embedded in the holes according to the proportion. The base material ratio is: 1000 parts by weight of planting soil, 300 parts by weight of rice husks, 50 parts by weight of vegetation concrete active additives, 50 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, and 10 parts by weight of compound fertilizer. According to the characteristics of the trees selected for the vegetation slope protection, the multi-functional bags should be planted according to the requirements of 800mm spacing and embedded with Amorpha seeds, the depth of the holes is about 20mm, and the tree seeds should be soaked in 1500mg/L gibberellin for 24 hours in advance and then dried. .

(2) Construction of the multi-functional package: After cutting and clearing the slope, set the multi-functional package on the slope surface at a distance of 1000mm, and fix the two ends to the slope surface with U-shaped nails. The U-shaped nails are made of threaded steel with a diameter of 8 mm. The depth of insertion into the slope is 300mm; the multi-functional bag in the 30°-50° area of the horse track and the bottom of the slope is directly tied to the mesh;

(3) Construction of the vegetation slope protection layer: hang the mesh on the net, and fix the mesh on the U-shaped nail with iron wire with a diameter of 3mm, or use other shapes of anchor nails for fixing, and use a spraying machine to spray the vegetation slope protection substrate. Build a vegetation slope protection base layer on the slope surface with a spraying thickness of 80mm, and then use a seeding machine to spray the vegetation slope protection substrate containing herb seeds onto the vegetation slope protection base layer to form a vegetation slope protection surface layer with a spraying thickness of 20mm.

(4) Vegetation maintenance: laying straw curtains for watering and maintenance, herbs and arbor seeds germinate and drill out the straw cover layer. After the plants have grown for a period of time, the plant rhizomes play a reinforcing role in the straw cover layer. In the early stage of plant growth, the straw mulch provides a good temperature, humidity and microbial environment for plant growth; in the later stage of plant growth, the straw mulch and the multifunctional bag rot, and the degraded organic matter also promotes the rapid growth of plants.

Comparative ratio:

Fujian Yongtai Pumped Storage Power Station 1# slope, during construction, hang nets on the slope after cutting and clearing the slopes, directly anchor the nets to the slope, and then spray 80mm thick vegetation protection on the nets. The base layer and the 20mm thick vegetation slope protection surface layer; after construction of the vegetation slope protection base layer, insert holes with a spacing of 800mm according to the requirements of point planting and bury amorpha seeds, the depth of the holes is about 20mm, and the tree seeds are soaked with 1500mg/L gibberellin in advance for 24 Dry after 1 hour; the vegetative slope protection surface layer is formed by spraying the vegetative slope protection substrate containing herb seeds. The post-maintenance is the same as the embodiment.

The examples are compared with the comparative examples, and the specific results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

The above-mentioned embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be based on the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. The alternative is protection scope. That is, equivalent replacements and improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The vegetation slope protection structure is characterized in that: it comprises a slope surface, a plurality of multi-functional bags are distributed on the slope surface, a mesh sheet is arranged on the top of the multi-functional bag, and the multi-functional bag is fixed to the slope surface by anchors, or the multi-functional bag is fixed to the slope surface. The mesh is fixed on the mesh, and then the mesh is fixed to the slope surface through anchors; there is also a planted slope protection base layer between the mesh and the slope, and a planted slope protection surface layer is also provided on the side of the mesh away from the slope; the multifunctional The bag is a three-dimensional structure made of net enclosure, which is filled with substrate and arbor and/or shrub seeds, and the distance between the net and the slope is 80-100mm. 2. The vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multifunctional bag is a long cylinder with a square or circular cross-section, which is placed horizontally on the slope, and the multifunctional bag adopts geonet or degradable Made of fiber mesh. 3. The vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the length of the multifunctional bag is 500mm-2000mm, and when the section is square, the width is 80mm-100mm, and the height is 80mm-100mm; When round, the diameter is 80mm-100mm. 4. The vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the base material filled in the multifunctional bag is made of the following components by weight: 1000 parts of planting soil, 300 parts of organic matter, 50 parts of active additives 50 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of compound fertilizer. 5. The vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: tree and/or shrub seed jacks are added in the base material, and the jack depth is 10mm-20mm; tree and/or shrub seeds use 1500mg before jacking /L of gibberellin solution soaked for 24 hours and then air-dried. 6 . The vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the vegetation slope protection base layer is 80-100 mm, and plant seeds are mixed in the vegetation slope protection surface layer. 7 . 7. vegetation slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: vegetation slope protection comprises vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, anti-scour base material (PEB) ecological slope protection, thick layer base material vegetation slope protection, hydraulic spraying grass planting slope protection and spray mixing Plant slope protection. 8. the construction method of the vegetation slope protection structure described in any one in claim 1-7, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1) According to the slope conditions, prepare multi-functional bags of suitable size and quantity; fill the base material inside, and plant tree and/or shrub seeds in the base material; 2) Cut and clear the slope to be constructed, fix the multi-functional bag with anchors or connect it with the mesh, and then install the mesh in place with anchors; 3) Spray and sow the vegetation slope protection base layer between the mesh and the slope surface, and then spray the vegetation slope protection surface layer on the vegetation slope protection base layer; carry out maintenance and complete the construction of the vegetation slope protection structure. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: when the multi-functional bags are set, the distance between two adjacent multi-functional bags is 500mm-2000 mm, and the two ends of the multi-functional bags are fixed to the slope surface with U-shaped nails, The multifunctional bag in the local area is directly tied to the mesh, and then the mesh is directly fixed with anchors. 10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: during the maintenance construction, a straw curtain is laid on the vegetation slope protection surface layer for watering and maintenance.