CN102444134A - A slope protection method based on a slope whose upper part is a soil layer and the lower part is a rock layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope protection method based on a side slope with a soil layer at the upper part and a rock layer at the lower part, wherein the soil layer is arranged at the upper part of the side slope, and the rock layer is arranged at the lower part of the side slope, and the slope protection method comprises the following steps: 101. finishing the side slope: removing impurities on the surface of the side slope to enable the surface of the side slope to be smooth; 102. carrying out foundation construction on the side slope; 103. building an ecological bag on the surface of the rock layer of the side slope; 104. hanging a net on the surface of the soil layer of the side slope; 105. spraying vegetation on the soil layer and the rock layer of the side slope and maintaining. The slope protection method adopts an ecological bag protection method for the lower rock layer and a net hanging spray seeding protection method for the upper soil layer, and integrates the advantages of the two slope protection methods, thereby simultaneously achieving the purposes of good protection effect, beautiful greening and good economic benefit.

Description

A slope protection method based on a slope whose upper part is a soil layer and the lower part is a rock layer

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering, and in particular relates to a slope protection method based on a slope whose upper part is a soil layer and the lower part is a rock layer.

Background technique

Slopes are prone to collapse and even large-scale landslides under natural weathering and erosion by snow and rain. In the 20th century, slope protection generally used stone, concrete, blocks, etc. to completely seal the entire slope. Although this can better prevent slope landslides, instability and soil erosion, it is easy to cause visual pollution, is not conducive to ecological greening, and damages the natural environment and ecological vegetation around the slope. Therefore, the method of ecological slope protection has been widely used. use. At present, the commonly used ecological protection technologies for engineering slopes are mainly three types: backfilling (or replacement) alien soil technology, spraying technology and ecological bag technology.

The backfill technology of foreign soil can be applied to all kinds of slopes, and has obvious advantages for high and steep hard rock slopes, but the equipment investment is large, the material cost is high, and the construction progress is slow. Hanging net spraying slope protection technology is a method of quickly establishing lawns. It has the characteristics of high mechanization, fast surface coverage, good greening and beautification effects, and low cost. It can effectively stabilize slopes and protect the main project. The ecological bag technology is suitable for stone slopes that have been reinforced by engineering (such as square concrete ribs) and relatively gentle stone slopes. The cost is low, the construction is convenient, and the soil layer is thick, which is conducive to the growth of shrub seeds. , good stability after construction; but its disadvantage is that it is not easy to anchor on high slopes without window-shaped concrete ribs, and it has high requirements for the quality of ecological bags.

In urban or hilly areas, it is common to use rocky slopes at the bottom and weathered soil slopes at the top. At present, for such slopes, the upper and lower parts usually use the same support method, for example, the upper and lower parts use ecological bag protection structures or The upper and lower sides all adopt the protective structure of hanging net spraying. Although the ecological bag protective structure has good applicability to rocky slopes, it is not suitable for high slopes because it is not easy to fix. The hanging net spraying protection structure has a good effect on the soil slope, and its construction is convenient and quick, and the greening effect is good. The soil layer required for growth is thin, so the protection effect is not good, and the greening effect is poor.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a slope protection method based on a slope whose upper part is a soil layer and the lower part is a rock layer. The slope protection method adopts an ecological bag protection method for the lower rock layer, and the upper soil layer The layer adopts the protection method of hanging net and spraying, and integrates the advantages of the two slope protection methods, so as to achieve the purpose of good protection effect, beautiful greening and good economic benefits at the same time.

Technical scheme: in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A slope protection method based on a slope whose top is a soil layer and the bottom is a rock layer, the top of the slope is a soil layer, and the bottom of the slope is a rock layer. The slope protection method comprises the following steps:

101． Clean up the slope: remove the sundries on the surface of the slope to make the surface of the slope smooth;

102. Carry out foundation construction on the slope: first, excavate the steps of the slope surface with excavating machinery according to 5m-6m grades, and then set up retaining walls at the foot of the slope. Set settlement joints, fill the gaps of settlement joints with elastic waterproof materials, set reinforcements at the corners of the retaining wall, and set drainage pipes inside the retaining wall; then set the slope toe drainage ditch on the side of the retaining wall away from the slope; Mechanically excavate an intermediate platform between the soil layer and the rock layer, and set a ditch inside the intermediate platform; finally, set an intercepting ditch at the top of the slope;

103. Build an ecological bag on the surface of the rock layer of the slope;

104. Hang the net on the surface of the soil layer of the slope;

105. Spray and maintain vegetation on the surface of the soil layer and rock layer of the slope.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention can simultaneously achieve good protection effect, beautiful greening and good economic benefits when performing slope protection on a slope whose upper part is a soil layer and the lower part is a rock layer. The ecological bag greening process is suitable for rocky slopes, the protective soil layer is thick, and the mesh structure of the outer layer of the ecological bag is convenient for the growth of plant roots; the construction process is simple and the equipment investment is low, and it is suitable for relatively gentle rocky slopes. Hanging net spray slope protection technology is a method of quickly establishing lawns, which has the characteristics of high degree of mechanization, fast covering speed, good greening and beautifying effect, and low cost. The combined ecological slope protection structure is adopted for the slope with the upper soil layer and the lower rock layer. The upper soil layer slope adopts hanging net spraying slope protection, and the lower rock layer slope adopts ecological bag slope protection. This combined ecological slope protection structure fully utilizes the advantages of the above two slope protection methods, avoids their respective defects, and enables the combined slope protection method to stabilize the slope, while the slope is overall beautiful, with excellent greening effects and good economic benefits. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the slope in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of the retaining wall in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the front view of the three-dimensional net in the present invention.

In the figure: rock layer 1, soil layer 2, middle platform 3, ditch 4, ecological bag 5, U-shaped steel nail 6, retaining wall 7, planting soil 8, settlement joint 9, elastic waterproof material 10, drainage pipe 11 , Slope foot drainage ditch 12, intercepting ditch 13, three-dimensional net 14.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the vertical height of the slope in the embodiment is 10m, the lower 6m is the rock layer 1, and the upper 4m is the soil layer 2, and the design slope of the slope is 1:1.2. The slope protection method for the slope where the upper part is the soil layer 2 and the lower part is the rock layer 1 comprises the following steps:

101． Finishing the slope: remove the sundries on the surface of the slope to make the surface of the slope smooth.

In step 101, removing sundries on the slope surface includes cleaning stones protruding from the slope surface, so as to ensure the smoothness of the slope surface.

102. Carry out foundation construction on the slope: firstly, use the excavator to carry out step excavation on the slope surface according to 5m-6m classification; secondly, set the retaining wall 7 at the foot of the slope; Set the settlement joint 9 at the change place, fill the gap of the settlement joint 9 with elastic waterproof material 10, set the reinforcement at the corner of the retaining wall 7, and set the drainage pipe 11 inside the retaining wall 7; then, on the side of the retaining wall 7 away from the slope Set the drainage ditch 12 at the foot of the slope; then excavate an intermediate platform 3 between the soil layer 2 and the rock layer 1 by excavating machinery, and set a water ditch 4 inside the intermediate platform 3; finally set a water interception at the top of the slope Groove13.

In step 102, the retaining wall 7 is preferably made of plain concrete, and the concrete strength grade is greater than or equal to C15, the base of the retaining wall 7 is a reverse slope, the slope of the reverse slope is less than 0.2:1.0, and the top surface width of the retaining wall 7 is greater than 300mm, the embedding depth of the foundation of the retaining wall 7 is greater than 0.3m, the expansion joint spacing of the retaining wall 7 is between 10m and 15m; the width of the settlement joint 9 is between 20mm and 30mm, and the filling of the elastic waterproof material 10 The depth is greater than 150mm. The elastic waterproof material 10 is preferably asphalt hemp tendon. According to the "Technical Specifications for Building Slope Engineering" (GB 50330-2002), when the longitudinal slope of the slope is steep and long, it is necessary to use excavating machinery to excavate the slope in steps of 5-6m. In this embodiment, excavation machines are used to excavate the slope in steps of 6m. The slope above the middle platform 3 is the soil layer 2 slope, and the bottom is the rock layer 1 slope. After graded excavation, a ditch 4 is opened on the inner side of the middle platform 3 to establish a drainage system to intercept the water coming down from the upstream and reduce the erosion of the slope by runoff. Plain concrete retaining wall 7 has foundation burial depth of 0.6m and wall top width of 400mm. Set up a 50mm wide expansion joint every 15m. A drainpipe 11 with a diameter of 50mm is buried in the retaining wall 7 every 3m, and the drainpipe 11 is used to connect to the drainage ditch 12 at the toe of the slope.

103. Build an ecological bag 5 on the rock layer 1 surface of the slope.

Step 103 specifically includes the following steps:

1031. Filling operation of the ecological bag 5: fill the first ecological bag 5, the whole ecological bag 5 forms a three-dimensional shape, then seal the ecological bag 5, then weigh the ecological bag 5, and record its weight; A loaded ecological bag 5 is a sample, and the rest of the ecological bags 5 are loaded.

In step 1031, the filling operation of the ecological bag 5 generally adopts on-site loading construction. The shape of all the eco-bags 5 after charging is uniform, in the shape of a cube, for those with big deformation up and down during bagging, it should be adjusted evenly in time. The installed ecological bag 5 should be completed on the same day as possible, and it is not advisable to expose the installed bag to the outdoors or rain for a long time. When transporting, carry it away from the ground, do not drag or roll it on the ground, and place it with care.

1032. Sandbag filling operation: fill the first sandbag with sand, the whole sandbag forms a three-dimensional shape, then seal the sandbag, then weigh the sandbag, and record its weight; according to the first sandbag filled with sand is sample, and sand the rest of the sandbags.

1033. Building ecological bags 5 and sandbags: first, build the loaded ecological bags 5 and sandbags on the rock layer 1 from bottom to top, and after building 4-5 layers of ecological bags 5, build a sandbag above it. layer of sandbags, and then continue to build 4-5 layers of ecological bags 5 above the sandbags, and then lay a layer of sandbags, and so on, until the middle platform 3 places; between vertically adjacent ecological bags 5, or vertically Adjacent ecological bags 5 and sandbags are arranged in a staggered upper and lower layer, and then the connecting buckle is fixed between horizontally adjacent ecological bags 5 or between sandbags, and between vertically adjacent ecological bags 5 or between ecological bags. Between the bag 5 and the sandbag, at last in the gap between the ecological bag 5 and the rock layer 1, and in the gap between the sandbag and the rock layer 1, fill and tamp with cohesive soil.

In step 1033, after laying out the ecological bag 5 at the bottom, use anchors or stainless steel nails to fix the connecting buckle connecting the ecological bag 5 at the bottom to the hard interface. This can improve the firmness of the bottom ecological bag 5, thereby strengthening the firmness of the whole ecological bag 5 and sandbags, and avoiding collapse. In addition, in order to strengthen the solidity of the ecological bag 5 and the sandbag as a whole, whenever the ecological bag 5 or the sandbag in the lower layer is laid, it should be compacted first. Walk and trample, then carry out the laying of upper layer ecological bag 5 or sandbag. Like this, when laying upper layer ecological bag 5 or sandbag every time, the ecological bag 5 of lower floor or sandbag are through tamping process, can guarantee the stability of the interlocking structure formed between upper and lower layer ecological bag 5 or between ecological bag 5 and sandbag . In the rock layer 1 slope, sandbags are set, and the drainage of sandbags can be used instead of drainpipes. During construction, the maximum vertical height of the ecological bag 5 and sandbags per day should not exceed 3.0 meters, and on the top of the plain concrete retaining wall 7, the long side direction of the ecological bag 5 is placed perpendicular to the wall to ensure that the top is firmly pressed.

104. Hang a net on the soil layer 2 surface of the slope.

Step 104 specifically includes the following steps:

1041. Lay the three-dimensional net 14 on the surface of the soil layer 2; the three-dimensional net 14 is laid along the surface of the soil layer 2 from top to bottom, the smooth side of the three-dimensional net 14 is in contact with the surface of the soil layer 2, and the upper part of the three-dimensional net 14 is fixed on the top of the slope , the middle and lower parts of the three-dimensional net 14 are anchored in the soil layer 2 with U-shaped steel nails 6;

In step 1041, the three-dimensional net 14 can be tightened with geotechnical ropes at the lap joints of the slope tops. In this embodiment, the U-shaped steel nails 6 have a length of 30 cm and a width of 6 cm, and the distance between adjacent U-shaped steel nails 6 is 1.5 m. The U-shaped steel nails 6 anchor the three-dimensional net 14 in a quincunx shape.

1042． Backfilling the planting soil 8: first, before backfilling, the planting soil 8 is dried, crushed, and sieved to remove particles with a diameter larger than 25 mm, and then the planting soil 8 is backfilled on the surface of the soil layer 2, so that the convex surface of the planting soil 8 and the three-dimensional net 14 It is flat and the slope is smooth, and finally the planting soil 8 is compacted.

In step 1042, the planting soil 8 is preferably fertile pond mud with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The thickness of the eight layers of planting soil after backfilling shall not be less than 5cm. After backfilling the planting soil 8, there will be no net bags, exposed bags, empty bags or compressed bags. The planting soil 8 is compacted, otherwise the planting soil 8 will be seriously lost when spraying water to sink the soil layer.

105. Spray and maintain vegetation on the surface of soil layer 2 and rock layer 1 of the slope.

Step 105 specifically includes the following steps:

Solid soil layer: pour water on the entire slope to consolidate the soil layer;

In the step of sinking the solid soil layer, the wet soil layer is as deep as 15cm or more, so that the pipes of the capillary water on the surface and underground are interconnected, otherwise the underground capillary water cannot rise to the surface, and the lawn will be damaged due to lack of water. And dry.

Cleaning up: clean up the outer surface of the ecological bag 5 of the rock layer 1 and the surface of the planting soil 8 on the soil layer 2 .

Feeding: put the germinated seeds, fiber, water retaining agent, adhesive, and fertilizer materials into the water tank.

Add water: Add water to dissolve the materials put into the water tank to form water-soluble substances.

Stirring: Turn on the power machine to stir the water-soluble substances in the water tank to make it fully stirred.

In the stirring step, the time for stirring the water-soluble matter in the water tank is preferably more than 30 minutes, so as to make the water-soluble matter uniform.

Spraying: start the spraying machine, spray the water-soluble substances on the slope of the soil layer 2 and the surface of the ecological bag 5; when spraying, the centrifugal pump presses the water-soluble substances into the hose, sprays them out from the pipe head, and sprays them evenly. After finishing, add 1/4 tank of water in time, and circulate idling.

In the spraying step: when spraying, it is sprayed horizontally in strips, and it is sprayed sequentially from top to bottom, and when spraying, the spout is perpendicular to the slope, and the vertical distance between the spout and the slope is 0.8-1.0m, Spray 4-6m each time; repeat overlapping spraying 2m when continuing spraying; stepping on the place where spraying has been sprayed is prohibited.

Add covering: cover the sprayed site with non-woven fabric, and fix the non-woven fabric with bamboo sticks.

In the covering step, the height of the bamboo stick is preferably 13cm to 18cm, for example, 13cm, 15cm or 18cm. After the upper soil layer 2 slope is sprayed and covered, it is beneficial to reduce water evaporation and prevent rainwater erosion.

Watering and greening management: comprehensively determine vegetation watering according to weather, soil, and plant species habits; when the grass grows to 3cm, uncover the non-woven fabric.

In this step, the watering of vegetation needs to be comprehensively determined according to weather, soil, and plant variety habits. Generally, the lawn watering amount is about one centimeter, and the watering should last for about a month after sowing. In summer, in order to prevent excessive transpiration and ensure good watering effect, the daily watering time is best before 10 am or 4 pm back. When the grass grows to 3cm, uncover the non-woven fabric so as not to hinder the growth of the grass.

The slope protection method of the technical solution is aimed at the slope type in which the lower part is the rock layer 1 and the upper part is the soil layer 2, and adopts a combined ecological slope protection method of a vegetation belt and hanging net spraying. In the slope part of the lower rock layer 1, an ecological bag 5 is directly stacked on the outside of the slope to form a layer of ecological bag 5 surface layer, and the slope is greened by the growth of plants in the ecological bag 5, and the ecological bag 5 greens the base Wood and rock regolith together form the slope ecological restoration system to maintain the stability of the rock slope for a long time. For the slope part of the upper soil layer 2, use hydraulic machinery to spray grass seeds in a large area after hanging the net to quickly establish a lawn. As the grass grows, its slope protection function will continue to increase, and it will play an increasingly important role in reducing slope instability and erosion hazards, and to a certain extent, stabilizing the slope and beautifying the environment.

Claims (9)

1. a slope protection method based on the top being a soil layer and the bottom being a rock layer, characterized in that the top of the slope is a soil layer (2), and the bottom of the slope is a rock layer (1 ), the slope protection method includes the following steps: 101． Clean up the slope: remove the sundries on the surface of the slope to make the surface of the slope smooth; Carry out foundation construction on the slope: firstly, excavate the steps of the slope surface with the excavator according to 5m-6m classification; ) Set settlement joints (9) at the height change, fill the gaps of the settlement joints (9) with elastic waterproof materials (10), set reinforcements at the corners of the retaining wall (7), and set drainage pipes inside the retaining wall (7) ( 11); then set the slope toe drainage ditch (12) on the side of the retaining wall (7) away from the slope; then use excavation machinery to excavate an intermediate platform between the soil layer (2) and the rock layer (1) ( 3), and set a water ditch (4) inside the middle platform (3); finally set an intercepting ditch (13) at the top of the slope; Building an ecological bag (5) on the surface of the rock layer (1) of the slope; Hanging nets on the surface of the soil layer (2) of the slope; Vegetation is sprayed and maintained on the surface of the soil layer (2) and the rock layer (1) of the slope. 2. According to claim 1, the slope protection method based on the soil layer at the top and the rock layer at the bottom, is characterized in that, in the step 102, the retaining wall (7) is made of plain concrete, And the concrete strength grade is greater than or equal to C15, the base of the retaining wall (7) is a reverse slope, the slope of the reverse slope is less than 0.2:1.0, the top surface width of the retaining wall (7) is greater than 300mm, and the foundation of the retaining wall (7) is embedded The depth is greater than 0.3m, the expansion joint spacing of the retaining wall (7) is between 10m and 15m; the width of the settlement joint (9) is between 20mm and 30mm, and the filling depth of the elastic waterproof material (10) is greater than 150mm . 3. according to claim 1, the slope protection method based on the top being the soil layer and the bottom being the slope of the rock layer, is characterized in that, described step 103 comprises the following steps: Filling operation of the ecological bag (5): fill the first ecological bag (5), the whole ecological bag (5) forms a three-dimensional shape, then seal the ecological bag (5), and then weigh the ecological bag (5) , and record its weight; according to the first filled ecological bag (5) as a sample, fill the rest of the ecological bags (5); 1032. Sandbag filling operation: fill the first sandbag with sand, the whole sandbag forms a three-dimensional shape, then seal the sandbag, then weigh the sandbag, and record its weight; according to the first sandbag filled with sand is sample, sand the rest of the sandbags; Building ecological bags (5) and sandbags: at first, build ecological bags (5) and sandbags that have been loaded from bottom to top in the rock layer (1), after every 4-5 layers of ecological bags (5) are built, Build a layer of sandbags above it, and then continue to build 4-5 layers of ecological bags (5) above the sandbags, and then lay a layer of sandbags, and so on, until the middle platform (3); Between the adjacent ecological bags (5), or between the vertically adjacent ecological bags (5) and sandbags, the upper and lower layers are arranged in a staggered way, and then the connecting buckle is fixed between the horizontally adjacent ecological bags (5) or Between the sandbags, and between the vertically adjacent ecological bags (5) or between the ecological bags (5) and the sandbags, finally in the gap between the ecological bags (5) and the rock layer (1), and between the sandbags and the rock layer Fill and compact the gaps in layer (1) with cohesive soil. 4. according to claim 1, the slope protection method based on the upper part being the soil layer and the lower part being the slope of the rock layer, is characterized in that, described step 104 comprises the following steps: laying a three-dimensional network (14) on the surface of the soil layer (2); the three-dimensional network (14) is laid from top to bottom along the surface of the soil layer (2), and the smooth side of the three-dimensional network (14) is in contact with the surface of the soil layer (2), The upper part of the three-dimensional net (14) is fixed on the top of the slope, and the middle and lower parts of the three-dimensional net (14) are anchored in the soil layer (2) with U-shaped steel nails (6); 1042． Backfilling the planting soil (8): firstly, before backfilling, the planting soil (8) is dried, crushed, and sieved to remove particles with a diameter greater than 25 mm, and then the planting soil (8) is backfilled on the surface of the soil layer (2) to make the planting The soil (8) is flush with the convex surface of the three-dimensional net (14), and the slope is guaranteed to be smooth, and finally the planting soil (8) is compacted. 5. According to claim 3, the slope protection method based on the soil layer at the top and the rock layer at the bottom, is characterized in that, in the step 1033, after laying the bottom ecological bag (5) , use anchors or stainless steel nails to fix the connecting buckle connecting the bottom ecological bag (5) on the hard interface. 6. According to claim 3, the slope protection method based on the soil layer at the top and the rock layer at the bottom, is characterized in that, in the step 1033, the laying of the ecological bag (5) or sandbag in the lower layer is completed Finally, first carry out the compaction treatment, and then carry out the laying of the upper layer of ecological bags (5) or sandbags. 7. according to claim 1, the slope protection method based on the upper part being the soil layer and the lower part being the slope of the rock layer, is characterized in that, described step 105 comprises the following steps: Solid soil layer: pour water on the entire slope to consolidate the soil layer; Cleaning: cleaning the outer surface of the ecological bag (5) of the rock layer (1) and the surface of the planting soil (8) on the soil layer (2); Feeding: Put the germinated seeds, fibers, water retaining agents, adhesives, and fertilizer materials into the water tank; Add water: add water to dissolve the materials put into the water tank to form water-soluble substances; Stirring: Turn on the power machine to stir the water-soluble substances in the water tank to make them fully stir; Spraying: Start the spraying machine, spray the water-soluble substances on the slope of the soil layer (2) and the surface of the ecological bag (5); when spraying, the centrifugal pump presses the water-soluble substances into the hose, sprays out from the pipe head, and sprays evenly After each tank is sprayed, 1/4 tank of water should be added in time, and the cycle should be idling; Add covering: cover the sprayed site with non-woven fabric, and fix the non-woven fabric with bamboo sticks; Watering and greening management: comprehensively determine vegetation watering according to weather, soil, and plant species habits; when the grass grows to 3cm, uncover the non-woven fabric. 8. according to claim 7, based on the slope protection method that the top is the soil layer and the bottom is the rock layer, it is characterized in that, in the described spraying step: when spraying, horizontally spray sowing by strips, And spray in order from top to bottom, and when spraying, the nozzle is perpendicular to the slope, the vertical distance between the nozzle and the slope is 0.8-1.0m, spray 4-6m each time; when continuing to spray, repeat overlapping spraying 2m; spray It is forbidden to step on the place where it has been broadcast. 9. according to claim 2, based on the slope protection method that the upper part is the soil layer and the lower part is the rock layer, it is characterized in that, the elastic waterproof material is asphalt hemp tendon.

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