CN101622931B - Greening sloping surface for rock side slope facing wall and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Greening sloping surface for rock side slope facing wall and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000923606 Schistes Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面及其施工方法,所述的护面墙上开有贯通的植株孔,所述的植株孔对应于预先设置在岩质边坡上的、用于植物根系生长的空洞,所述的空洞内有植生基材;所述植株孔底部的下方布置可以贮藏水份的贮水槽,贮水槽内装有碎石,碎石上覆盖有透水性土工布;所述护面墙的表面设置了向所述的植株孔导流的导流沟;植株孔下方设置有贯通护面墙的泄水孔,所述的泄水孔连通所述的贮水槽。本法发明具有集水功能、坡面稳定、施工简易。
The greening slope of the rock slope protection wall and its construction method, the said protection wall is provided with through plant holes, and the plant holes correspond to the pre-set on the rock slope for plant There is a cavity for root growth, and there is a plant substrate in the cavity; a water storage tank that can store water is arranged below the bottom of the plant hole, gravel is installed in the tank, and the gravel is covered with a water-permeable geotextile; A diversion ditch is provided on the surface of the protective wall to divert water to the plant hole; a drain hole penetrating the protective wall is provided below the plant hole, and the drain hole communicates with the water storage tank. The invention of the method has the function of collecting water, the slope is stable, and the construction is simple and convenient.
Description
(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面及施工方法。The invention relates to a green slope surface of a rock slope protection wall and a construction method.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
近年,随着我国“五纵七横”国道主干线、西部省际通道、国家高速公路网等的建设发展,我国公路总里程得到了大幅度增长,同时,对于农村地区的大面积山地开挖、山坡植被破坏、泥土流失问题,给所在公路建设区域带来了相当一定程度的影响,给生态环境和土地资源的保护带来了相当的困难与压力,给交通基础建设的可持续发展增添了诸多不利因素。因此,在公路快速健康发展中,生态保护和边坡绿化技术显得越来越重要。In recent years, with the construction and development of my country's "five vertical and seven horizontal" national highways, western inter-provincial passages, and national expressway networks, the total mileage of my country's highways has increased significantly. , vegetation destruction on the hillside, and soil loss have brought a certain degree of impact on the road construction area, brought considerable difficulties and pressure to the protection of the ecological environment and land resources, and added to the sustainable development of transportation infrastructure. Many disadvantages. Therefore, in the rapid and healthy development of highways, ecological protection and slope greening technologies are becoming more and more important.
特别是岩质边坡、高硬度土质边坡、陡坡边坡,无植物生长的条件。对于这些边坡,绿化时一般采用植生混凝土绿化,方法是先在岩质边坡上挂网,在采用特定配方的含有草种的植生混凝土,用喷锚机械设备及工艺喷射到岩坡上,植生混凝土凝结在岩坡上后,草种从中长出,覆盖坡面。由于边坡、特别是陡峭的岩质边坡,土层瘠薄,水分不易保存,植物难以生根发芽。Especially rocky slopes, high-hardness soil slopes, and steep slopes have no conditions for plant growth. For these slopes, planting concrete is generally used for greening. The method is to hang a net on the rocky slope first, and then use a specific formula of planting concrete containing grass seeds to spray it on the rocky slope with spray anchor mechanical equipment and technology. After the planting concrete is set on the rock slope, the grass grows from it and covers the slope. Due to the slope, especially the steep rocky slope, the soil layer is barren, water is not easy to save, and it is difficult for plants to take root and germinate.
另外,由于岩质边坡、陡坡边坡,其山坡的自立条件较差,岩土风化程度也较为严重,往往需要设置护面墙来进行加固处理。如果长条形、大面积的护面墙裸露在山坡面上,很大程度上出现山坡植皮破坏、泥土流失等生态环境问题。因此,如何对护面墙实施绿化处理显得十分重要。In addition, due to rocky slopes and steep slopes, the self-supporting conditions of the slopes are poor, and the degree of weathering of the rock and soil is relatively serious, so it is often necessary to set up a protective wall for reinforcement. If the strip-shaped and large-area protective wall is exposed on the hillside, ecological environmental problems such as damage to the skin grafting on the hillside and soil loss will occur to a large extent. Therefore, it is very important to implement greening treatment on the retaining wall.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
为了解决现有的岩质边坡因无土层条件、水分不易保存所导致的植物难以生长的问题,本发明提出一种岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面及其施工方法。In order to solve the problem that plants are difficult to grow due to the lack of soil layer and difficult water preservation in the existing rocky slope, the present invention proposes a greening slope of the rocky slope protection wall and a construction method thereof.
本发明所述的岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面,包括覆盖在岩层表面的护面墙1,其特征在于:所述的护面墙上开有贯通的植株孔,所述的植株孔对应于预先设置在岩质边坡上的、用于植物根系生长的空洞,所述的空洞内有植生基材;所述植株孔底部的下方布置可以贮藏水份的贮水槽,贮水槽内装有碎石,碎石上覆盖有透水性土工布;所述护面墙的表面设置了向所述的植株孔导流的导流沟;植株孔下方设置有贯通护面墙的泄水孔,所述的泄水孔连通所述的贮水槽。The greening slope surface of the rock slope protection wall of the present invention includes a
岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面的施工方法如下:(1)在开挖后的边坡上,与挡墙泄水孔9的布置间隔一致,开挖一定尺寸的空洞3;(2)空洞3的底部,浇筑贮水槽8;(3)在贮水槽8填满碎石11;(4)摊铺透水性土工布13;(5)护面墙1的施工放样与测设;(6)固定植株孔6的PVC管φ150、泄水孔9的PVC管φ100,注意植株孔6的坡度为朝向内侧设置的;(7)浇筑或砌筑护面墙1,如果护面墙1为浆砌挡土墙,需要对墙面进行抹面;(8)在护面墙1的表面设置导流沟7,该施工程序应在混凝土或砂浆还未硬化时实施勾缝;(9)护面墙1的墙顶混凝土浇筑,边沟10的设置,其他附属设施的安装设置;(10)植物5的幼苗培植,该项工序在草木培植场地实施,可与前面工序同时进行,将外套14放在塑料制品的底盘15上面,将植生基材12放入外套14中,播种种子并进行培植;(11)植物根系4朝向植株孔6内,将培植好的植物5放入植株孔6,并去掉外套14,根据需要可用预备的培植土填补植株孔6的空隙;(12)往植株孔6浇灌适当的水量;(13)对植株孔6的四周进行压实;(14)植物5在数天内成活,随后可在墙面上蔓延生长。The construction method of the green slope surface of the rock slope protection wall is as follows: (1) on the excavated slope, it is consistent with the layout interval of the retaining
本发明所述的岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面及施工方法,所述护面墙为新建或改建的混凝土结构体,所述的绿化技术是在边坡护面上栽培一些可以容易且长期地蔓延在混凝土护面墙的植物。According to the greening slope and construction method of the rock slope protective wall of the present invention, the described protective wall is a newly built or reconstructed concrete structure, and the described greening technology is to cultivate some on the slope protective surface, which can be easily And long-term spreading plants on the concrete wall.
本发明的技术构思为:先在岩质边坡上布设一定间隔的空洞,所述的空洞可供植物根系生长,具有一定空间大小。混凝土护面墙浇铸前,在空洞水平方向预留植株孔,所述植株孔贯穿护面墙。混凝土护面墙浇铸后,将室内培植的幼苗与培植土一起放入植株孔。护面墙的表面设置了流向植株孔的导流沟,降雨时汇集水流并在贮水槽进行贮藏,贮水槽贮满后多余的水可溢出,并从排水孔排除。所述空洞的底部,安装具有储藏水量的贮水槽,在降雨时汇集和保存一定的水量,为植物较长时间地供应必要的水份。The technical idea of the present invention is as follows: firstly lay out cavities at a certain interval on the rocky slope, and the cavities can be used for the growth of plant roots and have a certain space size. Before the concrete protective wall is cast, a plant hole is reserved in the horizontal direction of the cavity, and the plant hole runs through the protective wall. After the concrete protective wall is cast, the seedlings cultivated indoors are put into the plant holes together with the cultivation soil. The surface of the protective wall is provided with a diversion ditch that flows to the plant hole. When it rains, the water is collected and stored in the water storage tank. After the water storage tank is full, the excess water can overflow and be drained from the drainage hole. At the bottom of the cavity, a water storage tank is installed to collect and store a certain amount of water when it rains, so as to supply necessary water for plants for a long time.
本发明的有益效果为:使护面墙表面生长植物,并具备集水和储藏水量的功能,使植物根系可在岩质层中长活,植物的幼苗可从植株孔向外长活,并在护面墙表面蔓延。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: to make plants grow on the surface of the protective wall, and have the functions of collecting water and storing water, so that the roots of plants can live long in the rock layer, and the seedlings of plants can live long outward from the plant holes, and in the The surface of the cladding wall is spread.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是具有汇集和储藏水量功能的沟槽。Figure 2 is a ditch with the functions of collecting and storing water.
图3是植株孔底部构造图。Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the plant hole bottom.
图4是培植幼苗构造示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cultivated seedlings.
图5是本发明装置设置后的护面墙表面绿化状况图。Fig. 5 is a greening status diagram on the surface of the protective wall after the installation of the device of the present invention.
(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参照图1:岩质边坡护面墙的坡面绿化及施工方法,所述护面墙1为覆盖各种软质岩层、中等风化以上岩层或较破碎岩石的挖方边坡,免受自然条件因素影响而修建的墙体,包括公路工程与土建工程的浆砌挡土墙、混凝土挡土墙。所述护面墙1多用于易风化的绿泥片石、泥质面岩、千枚岩、云母片岩及其风化较重的软质岩层和较破碎的岩层2。山岭地区的公路建设和城镇规划建设中,多数岩石地段均需采用所述护面墙来进行坡面防护与加固。With reference to Fig. 1: the slope surface greening and construction method of rock slope protective wall, described
所述护面墙1除自重外,不承受其他荷载,也不承受墙背土压力,故所需要防护的边坡应符合极限稳定边坡的要求,坡度不宜陡于1∶0.5。所述护面墙1的基础应埋置在稳定的地基中,埋置深度应该地质条件确定。一般埋置深度为1.0m以上,冰冻地区应在冰冻深度以下不小于0.25m。The
在岩质边坡上布设一定间隔的空洞3,所述空洞3的可供植物根系4生长,具有一定空间大小。空洞3的断面尺寸考虑为长0.40m×宽0.40m×高0.40m的长方形构造,深度根据植物5种类,一般可适当加宽加高。浆砌或混凝土护面墙浇铸前,在空洞3的水平方向预留植株孔6,以贯穿护面墙1。
所述植株孔6的尺寸,须考虑植物5的生长,断面形状设置为内径0.15m的圆形塑料管。所述圆形塑料管采用具有足够抗压强度和裁切简便的排水PVC管。由于护面墙1的厚度不等,植株孔6的长度也根据植株孔6在护面墙1处的设置位置,与护面墙1的厚度保持一致。植株孔6设置为1∶15~20的内侧流向坡度,主要是为了考虑导流沟7的水能进入植株孔6,并流向贮水槽8进行储藏。The size of the
如图1-2所示,墙面要求紧贴坡面,每隔10~15m设置2cm宽伸缩缝一道,并每隔2~3m交叉设置泄水孔9,孔径10cm。泄水孔9采用PVC管,降雨时从山坡表面渗入的地表水流向护面墙1的墙背,可通过泄水孔9排出墙外,并利用边沟10进行汇集和排水。As shown in Figure 1-2, the wall should be close to the slope, and a 2cm-wide expansion joint should be installed every 10-15m, and
参照图2-3:所述护面墙的表面设置了流向植株孔6的导流沟7。导流沟7呈三角形,在护面墙墙面施工的同时,用三角形木条放入护面墙1的表面处。护面墙1为混凝土挡墙时,护面墙墙面的模板上应固定三角形木条;护面墙为浆砌挡墙时,须在挡墙表面进行抹面处理,随后进行墙面勾缝,勾缝用M7.5砂浆勾出突出挡墙表面一定深度的导流沟7。导流沟7不宜很深,一般采用1~2cm。Referring to Fig. 2-3: the surface of the protective wall is provided with a diversion ditch 7 flowing to the
护面墙1为混凝土时,导流沟7在墙面的交度设置为45°,有利于降雨水的汇集并指向植株孔6。护面墙1为浆砌时,导流沟7在墙面的水平方向设置坡度为1∶10~15。When the
所述空洞3的底部,设置降雨时汇集水流并在贮水槽8进行贮藏,贮水槽8贮满后可溢出并从排水孔排除。贮水槽8呈梯形,在护面墙施工前由混凝土浇筑。贮水槽8的尺寸可根据实际情况而定,一般采用L300×B300×H200。为了确保降雨水在贮水槽8中储藏,在贮水槽8浇铸后,放入直径2~6cm的碎石11。The bottom of the
在护面墙1的合适位置处预留一定大小的植株孔6,所述的植株孔6中放入植生基材12,绿化植物5可以扎根于基材12。护面墙1浇铸后,将室内培植的植物5(幼苗)与植生基材12一起放入植株孔6内。A
当降雨量汇集于植株孔6,并超过贮水槽8的贮水容量时,一部分水量(降雨量不大时)通过透水性土工布13,流向位于下方的泄水孔而排除;另一方部分(降雨量较大时)也可以直接通过植株孔6流出。为了防止植株孔6中的植物被冲出孔外,植株孔6的内侧坡度不宜过小,尽量考虑在1∶10~15。透水性土工布13布设在碎石11的上面,不但碎石11的颗粒间隙可容纳大量的雨水,而且不会使植生基材12进入贮水槽8而堵塞碎石11空隙,从而提高和确保贮水槽8的贮水容量。When the rainfall collected in the
图4所示,所述植生基材12为有利于植物6生长的培植土,并在培植土12中加入适当的土壤改良剂、缓效性肥料。植物幼苗在草木培植场地进行培植时,用PVC管为外套14,将外套14放在塑料制品的底盘15上面。植物5的种类须根据以下原则进行选用:(1)优先选用本地的草木种类;(2)选用茎藤类,如爬墙虎、通草、鸡血藤、羊蹄甲、蒜香藤、串串心、霹荔等。As shown in FIG. 4 , the
参照图5:植株孔6交叉布置在护面墙1上,泄水孔在植株孔6在下方。植物的幼苗在室内培植后,放入预留的植株孔6内,在植株孔6底部确保植物生长的水份和养料,可在护面墙进行表面绿化,同时也改善公路建设和城镇规划建设带来的开挖后山坡植皮破坏、泥土流失问题,从根本上解决了陡峭的岩质边坡、土层瘠薄的绿化技术难关,保护了生态环境和土地资源。Referring to FIG. 5 : the plant holes 6 are cross-arranged on the
综上所述,本发明所述的岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面,包括覆盖在岩层表面的护面墙1,所述的护面墙1上开有贯通的植株孔6,所述的植株孔6对应于预先设置在岩质边坡上的、用于植物根系生长的空洞3,所述的空洞3内有植生基材12;所述植株孔6底部的下方布置可以贮藏水份的贮水槽8,贮水槽8内装有碎石11,碎石11上覆盖有透水性土工布13;所述护面墙1的表面设置了向所述的植株孔6导流的导流沟7;植株孔6下方设置有贯通护面墙的泄水孔9,所述的泄水孔9连通所述的贮水槽8。In summary, the green slope surface of the rock slope protective wall of the present invention includes a
岩质边坡护面墙的绿化坡面的施工方法如下:(1)在开挖后的边坡上,与挡墙泄水孔9的布置间隔一致,开挖一定尺寸的空洞3;(2)空洞3的底部,浇筑贮水槽8;(3)在贮水槽8填满碎石11;(4)摊铺透水性土工布13;(5)护面墙1的施工放样与测设;(6)固定植株孔6的PVC管φ150、泄水孔9的PVC管φ100,注意植株孔6的坡度为朝向内侧设置的;(7)浇筑或砌筑护面墙1,如果护面墙1为浆砌挡土墙,需要对墙面进行抹面;(8)在护面墙1的表面设置导流沟7,该施工程序应在混凝土或砂浆还未硬化时实施勾缝;(9)护面墙1的墙顶混凝土浇筑,边沟10的设置,其他附属设施的安装设置;(10)植物5的幼苗培植,该项工序在草木培植场地实施,可与前面工序同时进行,将外套14放在塑料制品的底盘15上面,将植生基材12放入外套14中,播种种子并进行培植;(11)植物根系4朝向植株孔6内,将培植好的植物5放入植株孔6,并去掉外套14,根据需要可用预备的培植土填补植株孔6的空隙;(12)往植株孔6浇灌适当的水量;(13)对植株孔6的四周进行压实;(14)植物5在数天内成活,随后可在墙面上蔓延生长。The construction method of the green slope surface of the rock slope protection wall is as follows: (1) on the excavated slope, it is consistent with the layout interval of the retaining wall weep
本说明书实施例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举,本发明的保护范围的不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式,本发明的保护范围也及于本领域技术人员根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段。The content described in the embodiments of this specification is only an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to the field Equivalent technical means that the skilled person can think of based on the concept of the present invention.
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CN102199921B (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of greening semi-weathered stony slopes using native plants |
CN102444134B (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-10-30 | 东南大学 | Slope protecting method based on slope with soil layer as upper part and rock layer as lower part |
CN103981838B (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | 广州怡境景观设计有限公司 | A kind of bank protection construction method |
CN104429690A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 成都格瑞思文化传播有限公司 | Landscaping wall structure |
CN105706768A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 宏大国源(芜湖)资源环境治理有限公司 | Greening and maintaining device of slope low retaining wall |
CN106958264A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-07-18 | 宁波海逸园林工程有限公司 | A kind of highway greenbelt and its construction method |
CN110024586A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-19 | 唐山学院 | A kind of economizing type Rain Garden for mine greening |
CN110419373B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-11-02 | 深圳市如茵生态环境建设有限公司 | Vegetation recovery method for treating slope by using high-steep rock quality and concrete |
CN113498651B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-04-22 | 铜陵大一环境科技有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mine exploitation stone wall |
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