CN109618874B - Phosphogypsum vegetation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phosphogypsum vegetation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of materials used for environmental improvement, and particularly relates to phosphogypsum vegetation and a preparation method thereof. The phosphogypsum vegetation greatly reduces the cost of greening reformation, provides gripping force for growing ground through the base layer, ensures better air permeability and continuous supply of nutrients, after the laying, the starch of the base layer and the yeast generate fermentation reaction to generate water, carbon dioxide and lactic acid, and the base layer is directly laid on the ground to neutralize the alkaline desert and desert soil surface layer, the ardealite vegetation is suitable for rooting during the initial growth of plants, the base layer is fluffy due to carbon dioxide, the air permeability of the soil layer is guaranteed, the grass seeds are carried by the nutrition layer and provide a germination environment, the surface layer plays a role in locking water and strengthening the surface of the vegetation, weathering erosion of the vegetation is avoided, and the structural integrity of the vegetation is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials used for environmental improvement, and particularly relates to phosphogypsum vegetation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Desert, gobi barren stand and rubble barren slope are traditional difficult areas of afforestation control, these areas have bad weather, desert, gobi barren stand mostly are saline and alkaline land piece soil barren, rubble barren slope area soil is rare, soil erosion is serious, general afforestation means can't be effective almost, through the control experience accumulation of people for many years, found out multiple plant species that are suitable for above-mentioned environmental modification, but these plants generally can't directly grow in above-mentioned environment, need treat the area of administering and carry out early management such as soil covering, soil moisture content replenishment, fertilization maintenance, lead to the degree of difficulty greatly increased that afforests, how to directly apply the afforestation plant in these areas, reduce work load, it is the problem that people need to solve urgently all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides the phosphogypsum vegetation and the preparation method thereof.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
the phosphogypsum vegetation comprises a base layer, a nutrition layer and a surface layer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence,
a base layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5-7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5-7 parts of cement, 2-3 parts of slag powder, 0.3-0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.5-0.8 part of grass chaff, 6-7 parts of starch, 0.06-0.1 part of yeast powder and 10-13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 4-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15-0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15-0.2 part of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of cellulose ether, 0.5-0.8 part of grass bran, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straw, 1-1.5 parts of humus soil, 8-10 parts of water, and 0.5-0.8 part of grass seeds, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral;
surface layer: the phosphogypsum-containing composite material comprises, by weight, 2-3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.03-0.05 part of starch ether and 6-8 parts of water.
The thickness of the base layer is 1-3 cm, the thickness of the nutrition layer is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1 cm.
Comprises a base layer, a nutrition layer and a surface layer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence,
a base layer: the composite material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of cement, 2 parts of slag powder, 0.3 part of wheat straw, 0.5 part of grass bran, 6 parts of starch, 0.06 part of yeast powder and 11 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15 part of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of a potash fertilizer, 0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.5 part of grass chaff, 1.5 parts of wheat straw, 1 part of humus soil and 8 parts of water, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.8 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.03 part of starch ether and 6 parts of water.
A base layer: 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of cement, 2.5 parts of slag powder, 0.45 part of wheat straw, 0.65 part of grass bran, 6.5 parts of starch, 0.8 part of yeast powder and 12 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4.5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 0.7 part of cellulose ether, 0.7 part of grass bran, 1.7 parts of wheat straw, 1.2 parts of humus soil and 9 parts of water, wherein the PH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.5 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.04 part of starch ether and 7 parts of water.
A base layer: the composite material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 7 parts of cement, 3 parts of slag powder, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.8 part of grass chaff, 7 parts of starch, 0.1 part of yeast powder and 13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2 part of a potash fertilizer, 1 part of cellulose ether, 0.8 part of grass chaff, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straws, 1.5 parts of humus soil and 10 parts of water, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.7 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.05 part of starch ether and 8 parts of water.
A preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation, which comprises the following steps,
a. preparing a base layer: mixing dry powder of phosphogypsum, bentonite, cement, slag powder, wheat straw, grass chaff, starch and yeast powder, bagging, mixing the dry powder with water at a construction site, and paving on a surface to be constructed to finish preparation of a base layer;
b. preparing a nutrition layer: mixing the dry powder of phosphogypsum, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and cellulose ether, bagging humus independently, mixing the powder with water at a construction site, adjusting the pH value until the slurry is neutral, doping grass seeds into the neutral slurry, uniformly mixing, stirring and mixing the slurry, grass chaff and wheat straw, paving the mixture on a base layer, and covering the base layer with the humus to finish the preparation of a nutrition layer;
c. preparing a surface layer: preparing pasty raw material slurry by mixing starch and starch ether with 2-3 parts of water on site, heating the residual water to 85-90 ℃, mixing and stirring the raw material slurry and the heated water, keeping the water temperature constant at 85-90 ℃, preserving the heat for 5-7 minutes to obtain pasty slurry, putting the phosphogypsum into the pasty slurry, stirring and mixing for 10-15 minutes to obtain surface layer slurry, and spraying the surface layer slurry on a nutrient layer at the temperature of 75-80 ℃ to finish the phosphogypsum vegetation construction.
A preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation, in the step b,
the grass seeds are one or more of Shazhanwang, Chinese zoysia, bermudagrass, paspalum natatum or amorpha fruticosa.
The grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of Shadawang, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass and 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum.
The grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of shazhanwang per square meter, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia and 0.8-2 parts of bermuda grass.
The grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass, 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum and 6-8 parts of amorpha fruticosa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the phosphogypsum vegetation with a three-layer structure is adopted as a growth foundation of grass seeds, so that the cost of greening and reconstruction is greatly reduced, the phosphogypsum vegetation provides gripping force for the growth ground through the base layer and ensures better air permeability and continuous supply of nutrients, after the phosphogypsum vegetation is laid, starch of the base layer and yeast generate fermentation reaction to generate water, carbon dioxide and lactic acid, the base layer is directly laid on the ground and neutralizes alkaline desert and desert soil surface layers, the base layer is suitable for the initial growth and root pricking of plants, the carbon dioxide enables the base layer to be fluffy and ensures the air permeability of the soil layer, the nutrition layer carries the grass seeds and provides a germination environment without the grass seeds, the surface layer plays the roles of locking water and strengthening the vegetation surface, the weathering erosion of the vegetation is avoided, the structure of the vegetation is ensured to be complete, the phosphogypsum vegetation is mixed by adding water on site, other reagents are not needed, the, the treatment efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
the invention relates to phosphogypsum vegetation, which comprises a base layer, a nutrition layer and a surface layer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence,
a base layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5-7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5-7 parts of cement, 2-3 parts of slag powder, 0.3-0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.5-0.8 part of grass chaff, 6-7 parts of starch, 0.06-0.1 part of yeast powder and 10-13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 4-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15-0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15-0.2 part of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of cellulose ether, 0.5-0.8 part of grass bran, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straw, 1-1.5 parts of humus soil, 8-10 parts of water, and 0.5-0.8 part of grass seeds, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral;
surface layer: the phosphogypsum-containing composite material comprises, by weight, 2-3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.03-0.05 part of starch ether and 6-8 parts of water.
The principle of the invention is that the base layer is adhered on the ground of the land to be reformed, and the high viscosity and quick drying of the phosphogypsum and the cement are adopted to quickly lay the base layer so as to isolate the ground from a moisture transmission channel of the atmosphere, while the hydrophilic property of the phosphogypsum can absorb the transpired moisture in the soil, reduce the moisture loss of the soil, prevent the moisture from infiltrating downwards to play a role in retaining water, and ensure that the plant can smoothly take root and penetrate out of the base layer, and the bentonite is softer; along with the time, starch is gradually fermented and degraded to generate organic matters which are absorbed by the grown grass seeds to play a role of slowly releasing fertilizer, after the plants grow and the starch is gradually degraded, holes are generated on the solidified blocks of cement and phosphogypsum to ensure the air permeability of the plants continuously growing in the later period and play a role of storing water, lactic acid generated by the starch fermentation has a dissolving-out function on elements such as stones, gravels, calcium and potassium in the ground, so as to facilitate the plant absorption, slag powder ensures the strength of the solidified cement and gypsum, the mixed solidified blocks of the cement and the gypsum are prevented from being crushed in a short time, the structural stability for a longer time is ensured, the addition of the grass chaff and the wheat straws increases the volume of a base layer, reduces the weight of the base layer, ensures the filling power of the base layer and provides nutrients for the plant growth after the decay, wherein the wheat straws are crushed into sections with the length of not more than 1cm so as, the nutrition layer is a bearing layer of grass seeds, the moisture in the nutrition layer is enough for the grass seeds to germinate and grow by means of the water absorption of the phosphogypsum, the wheat straws have the effect of a fluffy structure, the phosphogypsum is quickly solidified and has certain strength, a cavity structure with a relatively stable structure is formed by means of the support effect of the wheat straws, the air permeability is ensured, the added fertilizer provides nutrients for the growth of plants in the middle and later periods, the water absorption of the phosphogypsum ensures the wettability, the phosphogypsum contains phosphorus and trace elements, the adhesion is good after spraying, and a naturally formed microporous structure has the heat preservation characteristic, so that the grass seeds are protected from being burnt by the environmental temperature; the surface layer is a mixture containing equal amounts of phosphogypsum and starch, a tough membrane shell structure is formed after drying, in the structure, the phosphogypsum plays a role in ventilation, and the starch plays a role in ensuring strength, so that the wind sand erosion in a severe environment is avoided.
Specific example 1, when the present invention is applied to a stone zone having a slope or being difficult to be adhered, such as a sloping field, a barren slope, a hillside mixed with stones, etc.;
the base layer is as follows: the thickness is 1 centimeter, and the material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of cement, 2 parts of slag powder, 0.3 part of wheat straw, 0.5 part of grass chaff, 6 parts of starch, 0.06 part of yeast powder and 11 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the thickness is 5 centimeters, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.5 part of grass bran, 1.5 parts of wheat straw, 1 part of humus and 8 parts of water, wherein the PH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.8 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: the thickness is 0.5 cm, and the coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.03 part of starch ether and 6 parts of water.
Through the thickness that reduces basic unit, nutrition layer and surface course, reduce the dead weight to the environment that this embodiment was directed against is not soil deficiency, but lacks the adnexed and the environment of sprouting of seed, thereby leads to the improvement of above-mentioned landmass extremely difficult, through the mode of this embodiment, provides good growth environment for the seed, thereby has guaranteed better growth effect.
According to the formula proportion, in a certain quarry in the deer spring area of Shijiazhuang, in 7-8 months, a quarry waste broken stone slope with 20 meters of lateral width of south sunny slope, 30 meters of longitudinal slope length and 37 degrees of average slope is selected as a test field, the test field has a flat ground surface, a large slope, sufficient sunshine and extremely poor water storage property and meets the environmental requirements of the embodiment, after phosphogypsum vegetation is covered, the temperature of a control exposed land block is measured to be 65 ℃ in twelve noons, the average temperature of a measured nutrition layer is 27.1 ℃, the external temperature is effectively isolated through a surface layer with a fluffy structure and the nutrition layer, after the phosphogypsum vegetation is laid and stands for 24 hours, the precipitation of 13 mm/hour is provided for the phosphogypsum vegetation in a sprinkling irrigation mode, the duration is 1 hour, the total precipitation is controlled to be 13-15mm, the rainwater washing process is simulated, the phosphogypsum vegetation is normally adhered, and the whole covered slope land has no, the rapid solidification bonding effect is good, the ground runoff is small, the permeation and water retention are good, the test period is 30 days, the precipitation process is recorded for 2 times, the precipitation amount is 22mm and 14mm respectively, other water replenishing processes are avoided, the phosphogypsum vegetation is not damaged, the seedlings emerge in about 8-9 days after the laying, the seedling condition is normal within 30 days after the seedlings emerge, and partial excavation verifies that the roots penetrate through the phosphogypsum vegetation and penetrate into the position below the original rough slope gravel layer.
Specific example 2, when the present invention is applied to the gobi, the mudflat zone;
a base layer: the thickness is 2 centimeters, and the material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of cement, 2.5 parts of slag powder, 0.45 part of wheat straw, 0.65 part of chaff, 6.5 parts of starch, 0.8 part of yeast powder and 12 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the thickness is 6 centimeters, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4.5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 0.7 part of cellulose ether, 0.7 part of grass bran, 1.7 parts of wheat straw, 1.2 parts of humus soil and 9 parts of water, the PH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.5 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: the thickness is 0.8 cm, and the coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.04 part of starch ether and 7 parts of water.
The land parcel aimed by the embodiment is small in surface attachment fluidity and poor in ground air permeability, and the phosphogypsum vegetation obtained by the formula of the embodiment has good attachment characteristic and good air permeability, so that the problems that the phosphogypsum is corroded by wind and the like are avoided.
According to the formula proportion, a 20 x 20 meter land is selected on the tidal flat of the Hutuo river Longquan fixed village river section in Shijiazhuang and Jinzhou city, the desertification of the tidal flat is serious, the soil content is low, fine sand is mainly used, the temperature reaches 60-70 ℃ after the wind is insolated in 7-9 months in the day, after the phosphogypsum vegetation is laid, the temperature of a nutrient layer in the vegetation is reduced to 25-27 ℃, the evaporation capacity of the ground of the tidal flat is large, the humidity in the phosphogypsum vegetation reaches 65-70%, grass seeds are not scalded and germinate normally, the test time is 7-8 months, the period is 30 days, a rainfall process is recorded in the period, the rainfall is 15mm, the phosphogypsum vegetation turns green after the grass seeds germinate when the test is finished, and the root system.
Specific example 3, when the present invention is applied to a desert zone;
the base layer is as follows: the thickness is 3 centimeters, and the material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 7 parts of cement, 3 parts of slag powder, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.8 part of grass chaff, 7 parts of starch, 0.1 part of yeast powder and 13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the thickness is 8 centimeters, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2 part of potash fertilizer, 1 part of cellulose ether, 0.8 part of grass bran, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straw, 1.5 parts of humus soil and 10 parts of water, wherein the PH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.7 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: the thickness is 1cm, and the coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.05 part of starch ether and 8 parts of water.
The ardealite vegetation cover is thick, and the ardealite vegetation cover is covered on the ground, so that vegetation tearing caused by conditions of quicksand and the like is avoided, and smooth application of the vegetation is guaranteed.
According to the formula proportion, the phosphogypsum vegetation in the embodiment is paved in a region with the average temperature of 35 ℃ in the daytime, the ground temperature of 60-75 ℃ in summer, the night temperature of 14 ℃ in average and the day and night temperature difference of large in the TengLi desert region in the southwest of Alaska, 20X 20 m land blocks are selected, the temperature of a nutrient layer in the daytime is maintained at about 25 ℃, the night temperature is maintained at about 23 ℃, the normal germination of grass seeds is basically ensured, no rainfall exists during the test, the humidity of the phosphogypsum vegetation is maintained at 65-50% by depending on the moisture during paving, the soil breaking time of the grass seeds is prolonged to 11-12 days due to the thick surface layer, the water is normally replenished once after the germination, the water amount is 10mm, the grass seeds grow well when the test is finished, and the root system is pricked into the original soil.
In specific embodiment 4, this embodiment provides a preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation, which comprises the following steps,
a. preparing a base layer: mixing dry powder of phosphogypsum, bentonite, cement, slag powder, wheat straw, grass chaff, starch and yeast powder, bagging, mixing the dry powder with water at a construction site, and paving on a surface to be constructed to finish preparation of a base layer;
b. preparing a nutrition layer: mixing the dry powder of phosphogypsum, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and cellulose ether, bagging humus independently, mixing the powder with water at a construction site, adjusting the pH value until the slurry is neutral, doping grass seeds into the neutral slurry, uniformly mixing, stirring and mixing the slurry, grass chaff and wheat straw, paving the mixture on a base layer, and covering the base layer with the humus to finish the preparation of a nutrition layer;
c. preparing a surface layer: mixing the phosphogypsum, the starch ether and the dry powder, then bagging, preparing pasty raw material slurry with 2-3 parts of water on site, heating the residual water to 85-90 ℃, mixing and stirring the raw material slurry and the heated water, continuously heating to 85-90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-7 minutes to obtain surface layer slurry, and spraying the surface layer slurry on a nutrient layer at 75-80 ℃ to finish the phosphogypsum vegetation construction.
The grain size of the chaff is 1-5 mm, the wheat straw adopted in the step b is longer than 5cm, the longer wheat straw plays a supporting role after the nutrition layer is laid, the air permeability is ensured, moisture and air exist in the environment of the nutrition layer, the seeds can germinate and grow, the plants penetrate through the base layer and enter the ground when being rooted, the bud part breaks through the surface layer and enters the natural environment, the surface layer is gradually crushed and decomposed along with the mass germination of the seeds, the starch is decomposed and then absorbed by the plants, pasty raw material slurry formed by the starch, starch ether and hot water in the process of manufacturing the surface layer is mixed with the phosphogypsum, the phosphogypsum cannot fully absorb water to form dry powder bubbles, the dry powder bubbles form a porous grid-shaped structure after the surface layer is laid, and the phosphogypsum and the pasty raw material slurry formed by the starch form a tough and tearing-resistant surface layer, guaranteed better anti-weathering effect, when meetting the rainwater, tough surface course net can resist the washing away of surface runoff, and the mesh structure that rainwater accessible dry powder bubble on the surface course formed infiltrates in the ardealite vegetation, fill the ardealite in the dry powder bubble cavity and form the pipe form passageway that permeates water, make surperficial precipitation can permeate nutrition layer and basic unit, and the inside moisture that persists of vegetation is because the mesh structure of surface course, the area that gives off has been reduced, play certain water deposit and ventilation effect, the nutrition layer covers humus soil after laying, it is isolated with the surface course, avoid the surface course to lead to the intraformational grass seed of nutrition to burn when laying, the smooth spraying of surface course has been guaranteed and has been laid.
In the step (b) described above, the step (c),
the grass seeds are one or more of Shazhanwang, Chinese zoysia, bermudagrass, paspalum natatum or amorpha fruticosa.
When the invention is applied to stone zones which have a certain inclination or are difficult to be adhered, such as sloping fields, barren slopes, hillsides mixed with stones, and the like; the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of Shadawang, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass and 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum.
When the invention is applied to the gobi, the beach zone; the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of shazhanwang per square meter, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia and 0.8-2 parts of bermuda grass.
When the invention is applied to desert zones; the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass, 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum and 6-8 parts of amorpha fruticosa.
The zoysia sinensis has the characteristics of moisture resistance, drought resistance and salt and alkali resistance. A community which is covered completely can be formed on an arid mountain slope, the bermuda grass can grow luxuriantly on sandy coasts where seawater arrives, and the bermuda grass can grow nearby villages, riverbanks beside roads and barren land mountain slopes. The paspalum natatum has tall plants, rough leaves and developed root systems, and is used for slope water and soil conservation, road slope protection and orchard covering. The amorpha fruticosa line is mainly used in places with poor maintenance conditions, such as highway slope protection, embankment protection, open space greening in the middle of airport runways, vegetation restoration in mining areas and the like, and has the advantages of perennial excellent green manure, honey source plants, barren resistance, water-moisture resistance, slight saline-alkali soil resistance and nitrogen fixation. The leaf amount is large, the nutrition is rich, and the feed plant contains a large amount of crude protein, vitamins and the like and is rich in nutrition.
Claims (10)
1. Phosphogypsum vegetation, which is characterized in that: comprises a base layer, a nutrition layer and a surface layer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence,
a base layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5-7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5-7 parts of cement, 2-3 parts of slag powder, 0.3-0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.5-0.8 part of grass chaff, 6-7 parts of starch, 0.06-0.1 part of yeast powder and 10-13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 4-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15-0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15-0.2 part of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 part of cellulose ether, 0.5-0.8 part of grass bran, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straw, 1-1.5 parts of humus soil, 8-10 parts of water, and 0.5-0.8 part of grass seeds, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral;
surface layer: the phosphogypsum-containing composite material comprises, by weight, 2-3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.03-0.05 part of starch ether and 6-8 parts of water.
2. The phosphogypsum vegetation of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the base layer is 1-3 cm, the thickness of the nutrition layer is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1 cm.
3. The phosphogypsum vegetation of claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprises a base layer, a nutrition layer and a surface layer which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence,
a base layer: the composite material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of cement, 2 parts of slag powder, 0.3 part of wheat straw, 0.5 part of grass bran, 6 parts of starch, 0.06 part of yeast powder and 11 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.15 part of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of a potash fertilizer, 0.5 part of cellulose ether, 0.5 part of grass chaff, 1.5 parts of wheat straw, 1 part of humus soil and 8 parts of water, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.8 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.03 part of starch ether and 6 parts of water.
4. The phosphogypsum vegetation of claim 1, which is characterized in that:
a base layer: 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of cement, 2.5 parts of slag powder, 0.45 part of wheat straw, 0.65 part of grass bran, 6.5 parts of starch and 12 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 4.5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 0.7 part of cellulose ether, 0.7 part of grass bran, 1.7 parts of wheat straw, 1.2 parts of humus soil and 9 parts of water, wherein the PH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.5 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same amount as the phosphogypsum, 0.04 part of starch ether and 7 parts of water.
5. The phosphogypsum vegetation of claim 1, which is characterized in that:
a base layer: the composite material comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 7 parts of phosphogypsum, 3 parts of bentonite, 7 parts of cement, 3 parts of slag powder, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 0.8 part of grass chaff, 7 parts of starch, 0.1 part of yeast powder and 13 parts of water;
a nutrition layer: the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.2 part of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2 part of a potash fertilizer, 1 part of cellulose ether, 0.8 part of grass chaff, 1.5-2 parts of wheat straws, 1.5 parts of humus soil and 10 parts of water, wherein the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and 0.7 part of grass seeds is added;
surface layer: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of phosphogypsum, starch with the same quantity as the phosphogypsum, 0.05 part of starch ether and 8 parts of water.
6. The preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a. preparing a base layer: mixing dry powder of phosphogypsum, bentonite, cement, slag powder, wheat straw, grass chaff, starch and yeast powder, bagging, mixing the dry powder with water at a construction site, and paving on a surface to be constructed to finish preparation of a base layer;
b. preparing a nutrition layer: mixing the dry powder of phosphogypsum, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and cellulose ether, bagging humus independently, mixing the powder with water at a construction site, adjusting the pH value until the slurry is neutral, doping grass seeds into the neutral slurry, uniformly mixing, stirring and mixing the slurry, grass chaff and wheat straw, paving the mixture on a base layer, and covering the base layer with the humus to finish the preparation of a nutrition layer;
c. preparing a surface layer: preparing pasty raw material slurry by mixing starch and starch ether with 2-3 parts of water on site, heating the residual water to 85-90 ℃, mixing and stirring the raw material slurry and the heated water, keeping the water temperature constant at 85-90 ℃, preserving the heat for 5-7 minutes to obtain pasty slurry, putting the phosphogypsum into the pasty slurry, stirring and mixing for 10-15 minutes to obtain surface layer slurry, and spraying the surface layer slurry on a nutrient layer at the temperature of 75-80 ℃ to finish the phosphogypsum vegetation construction.
7. The preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step (b) described above, the step (c),
the grass seeds are one or more of Shazhanwang, Chinese zoysia, bermudagrass, paspalum natatum and amorpha fruticosa.
8. The preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of Shadawang, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass and 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum.
9. The preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.3-0.7 part of Shadawang, 6-8 parts of Chinese zoysia and 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass.
10. The preparation process of phosphogypsum vegetation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the grass seeds comprise, by weight, 0.8-2 parts of bermudagrass, 0.4-0.7 part of paspalum natatum and 6-8 parts of amorpha fruticosa.
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