CN113133380B

CN113133380B - Ecological restoration method for side slopes and abandoned mines in cold and dry areas

Info

Publication number: CN113133380B
Application number: CN202110531576.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘金荣; 胡广德; 霍冠禹; 谢晓蓉; 张卫雄; 王磊; 李琦峰
Original assignee: Lanzhou University
Current assignee: Lanzhou University
Priority date: 2021-05-17
Filing date: 2021-05-17
Publication date: 2023-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-17
Also published as: CN113133380A

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a side slope of a cold and dry region and a abandoned mine, which comprises the following steps: s1: trimming a treatment area; s2: constructing an anchor rod; s3: hanging a nylon net; s4: paving a grass blanket; s5: and (5) post-curing. The ecological restoration method for the side slope and the abandoned mine provided by the invention has the advantages that the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas is paved on the surface of the exposed side slope or the abandoned mine, the ecological restoration method has good rain water resistance, wind power resistance and other aggressiveness, the ecological restoration difficulty of the side slope and the abandoned mine in the cold and dry areas can be effectively relieved, and the ecological environment and the climate conditions of the side slope and the abandoned mine in the cold and dry areas can be improved.

Description

Ecological restoration method for side slopes and abandoned mines in cold and dry areas

Technical Field

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for side slopes in cold and dry areas and abandoned mines, which is particularly suitable for occasions of ecological restoration by using soilless ecological grass blankets.

Background

The special soil slope in cold and dry areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau is easy to cause various disasters such as erosion after rainfall; at present, a plurality of ecological restoration methods for the side slope in the alpine and arid region at home and abroad exist, but the ecological restoration technology for special environmental conditions in the alpine and arid region is not mature enough, the pertinence is not strong, the side slope greening effect is poor, the cost is high, and the facing problem is the problem of research attack at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for a side slope in a cold and dry region and a waste mine, which can effectively relieve the difficult problem of ecological restoration of the side slope in the cold and dry region and the waste mine and can improve the ecological environment and climate conditions of the side slope in the cold and dry region and the waste mine.

In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ecological restoration method for a side slope of a cold and dry region and a abandoned mine comprises the following steps: s1: finishing a treatment area: mechanically and manually cooperating land trimming is carried out on the area to be treated, after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earthwork and stones, soil is evenly covered on the slope surface through a foreign soil method, and organic fertilizer is applied; s2: the anchor rod construction, namely determining the diameter, the anchoring length and the distance between the main anchor rod and the secondary anchor rod according to the slope surface of the slope, and properly adjusting the length and the distance of the anchor rods according to the geological condition of the slope surface when the construction is performed on the premise of ensuring that nylon nets can be fixed; s3: nylon net hanging, namely nylon net hanging should be carried out within the stress range of the anchor rod, the net must be tensioned, and the net surface should be clung to the slope surface as much as possible when hanging the net; s4: paving a grass blanket: when the soilless ecological grass blanket is paved, the soilless ecological grass blanket is cultivated in a large area at the initial stage, and is sheared firstly; s5: and (3) in the later maintenance, watering and irrigation are carried out according to the requirements, and the laid grass blanket can firmly root in a short period to re-green the bare side slope.

In the above scheme, in step S1; the foreign soil source is selected in a nearby region, secondary damage to vegetation and environment is avoided as much as possible during transportation, the surface humus layer is dug and piled aside when the soil is taken at the soil taking position, and the surface humus layer is paved back again after the soil is taken; in the step S2, the diameter of the main anchor rod and the secondary anchor rod is 1mm, the anchoring length is 1m, and the interval is 0.7m; in the step S3, the diameter of the nylon net is not less than 2 mm, the aperture is not more than 50 mm multiplied by 50 mm, the overlap width between nets is not less than 10cm, and the slope surface and the two sides of the slope body are not less than 1m; in the step S4, the soilless ecological grass blanket is sheared into grass blanket blocks with the size of 1m1m for use; laying a soilless ecological grass blanket, simultaneously carrying out cutting fixation according to 9 bamboo sticks of 7cm-10cm per square meter, fixing the soilless ecological grass blanket on a side slope through the bamboo sticks, and fully compacting; in the step S5, the survival of the vegetation blanket is ensured, water is poured for 1 to 2 times every day, the watering time is determined according to seasons, the time of the watering is 8 to 10 a.m. in spring and autumn, and the watering is performed at 4 to 6 a.m. in afternoon.

In the above scheme, in step S4, the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket is as follows: s6: preparing a matrix layer: finishing and leveling the land, compacting the finished and leveled land, carrying out fine leveling, and paving an isolating film; heating polyolefin for wiredrawing, weaving the polyolefin into a net by a net weaving machine, and paving the obtained polyolefin fiber net on the upper layer of the isolating film to serve as the bottom layer of the soilless grass blanket turf; s7: preparing a matrix: plant ash, crop straw segments, vermiculite, turfy soil, decomposed livestock manure containing high-cold microbial agents, flour paste rubber powder and kaolin are inoculated, mixed and stirred uniformly, and finally a matrix is formed; s8: paving a nutrition layer: uniformly spreading the prepared matrix on a polyolefin fiber net to serve as a main nutrition source for later-stage seed roots and grass blanket growth maintenance; s9: planting grass seeds: firstly, sowing and planting sea buckthorn and safflower, and making the lawn bed moist, uniformly sowing the grass of elvan and bluegrass after a plurality of days, covering seeds of the grass of elvan and bluegrass with covered sandy soil, and keeping the lawn bed moist; after sea buckthorn, safflower, elymus-sativus and bluegrass germinate, uniformly broadcasting and sowing old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens and ormosia, covering seeds with a matrix after sowing, and covering with a non-woven fabric; s10: and (3) maintenance management: the sprinkling irrigation is carried out every day according to weather conditions, so that the lawn bed is ensured not to generate surface runoff, the lawn bed is kept moist all the time, the water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied every week until the lawn is formed, and pruning is not needed in the period.

In the above-mentioned scheme, in step S6, the laid isolation film is a plastic film.

In the scheme, in the step S7, plant ash, crop straw segments, vermiculite, turfy soil, decomposed livestock manure containing high-cold microorganism bacteria, flour paste rubber powder and kaolin are inoculated in sequence according to the weight ratio of (0.05-0.1): (0.3-0.35): (0.3-0.35): 0.1:0.01:0.09:0.01.

In the above scheme, in step S7, the crop straw section is wheat straw with a length of 3-4cm or corn straw with a length of 2-3 cm.

In the above scheme, in step S8, the mixed matrix is uniformly laid on the polyolefin fiber net to a thickness of 2-3 cm.

In the above scheme, in step S9, the first planting: hippophae rhamnoides and Sophora japonica; the preparation of a plateau bed is carried out in the early stage, namely, the laying of a matrix layer is carried out; after the matrix layer is laid, firstly, the sea buckthorn and the safflower seeds which are prepared in advance are mixed according to 10 grains/m ² Uniformly dibbling the seeds at a uniform density, spraying irrigation by using a spray irrigation system every day, and keeping a lawn bed moist; sowing for the second time: oak grass and Poa pratensis; after the sea buckthorn and the black locust are sown for 10 days, uniformly sowing the grass of the shaggy-grass and the black locust according to the density calculated in advance, covering the grass of the shaggy-grass and the black locust seeds with 1cm of sandy soil, and sprinkling irrigation by a sprinkling irrigation system every day to keep the lawn bed moist; and (3) planting for the third time: old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, red bean grass; after the sea buckthorn, the carthamus tinctorius, the elymus tinctorius and the bluegrass germinate, other residual grass seeds are uniformly sowed according to the calculated density in the earlier stage; after sowing, the seeds are covered by the matrix, the thickness of the seeds is not more than 1cm, the seeds are not exposed on the surface, and then the seeds are covered by the non-woven fabric.

In the scheme, in the step S9, the weight ratio of the old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, elytrigia lancea, bluegrass, red bean grass, sea buckthorn and red flower locust is as follows: 0.2:0.1:0.1:0.25:0.15:0.1:0.05:0.05.

In the above scheme, in step S10, N: P: K is 15:15:15 of 2-5g/m of water-soluble compound fertilizer ² Plateau formation was achieved after 45 days.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ecological restoration method for the side slope and the abandoned mine provided by the invention has the advantages that the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas is paved on the surface of the exposed side slope or the abandoned mine, the ecological restoration method has good rain water resistance, wind power resistance and other aggressiveness, the ecological restoration difficulty of the side slope and the abandoned mine in the cold and dry areas can be effectively relieved, and the ecological environment and the climate conditions of the side slope and the abandoned mine in the cold and dry areas can be improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different substrate formulations on the emergence rate of the lawn.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of lawn growth coverage over time for different substrate formulations in the examples.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of the lawn growth density with time of different substrate formulations in examples.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the mixture of different substrate proportions on the biomass on the lawn.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1. A material.

1. A substrate: (1) plant ash (heat preservation and temperature rise), (2) vermiculite (water retention and ventilation), (3) turf (containing a large amount of water and plant residues which are not decomposed and humus), (4) crop straw (wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw and leguminous plant straw), (5) decomposed livestock manure (cattle and sheep/cold-resistant bacillus and bacillus) containing high-cold microorganisms, and (6) flour paste glue powder (capable of binding soil particles, so that the soil keeps a good aggregate structure, effectively reduces water loss and soil loss, has the effect of reducing matrix dry cracking, has the functions of embedding inorganic salt and super-strong and slow-release promotion and slow-release, can efficiently and low-cost utilize limited water resources, and realizes the integration of water retention agent and fertilizer water), and (7) kaolin (the characteristics of stable chemical property, high binding power, strong water retention and the like).

2. Grass seed: old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, grass of elytrigia praecox, red bean, sea buckthorn and safflower.

2. The method.

And (one) the structure of the matrix layer.

1. Isolation layer: randomly selecting a grass blanket production place: (1) finishing and leveling land; (2) compacting: compacting the tidied and leveled land by the road roller, and then carrying out fine leveling; (3) laying a separation film: a layer of waterproof plastic film is paved on the finished soil, so that a natural isolation layer is formed between the derivative soilless grass blanket and the soil, and the influence of the soil, the contained weeds and the like on the derivative soilless grass blanket is avoided.

2. A base layer: the polyolefin is heated and drawn, the polyolefin is woven into a net by a net weaving machine, the obtained polyolefin fiber net is paved on the upper layer of the plastic film to serve as the bottom layer of the soilless grass blanket turf, so that the roots of seeds sprouting and growing out are conveniently coiled on the polyolefin fiber net, the soilless ecological grass blanket mature in the later stage is easy to peel and roll up, and the problem that the loosening and the transportation are difficult is avoided.

3. The nutrition layer: according to the plant ash (5%), crop straw sections (35%), vermiculite (10%), turfy soil (10%), decomposed livestock manure (30%), flour paste rubber powder (1%), kaolin (9%) which contain high-cold microbial agents are inoculated, fully and uniformly stirred for later use; uniformly spreading the mixed nutrition matrix with the thickness of 2-3cm on a polyolefin fiber net to serve as a main nutrition source for later-stage seed roots and grass blanket growth maintenance; wherein: (1) The plant ash has the functions of heat preservation and temperature rise, the vermiculite has the functions of water retention and ventilation, the turf contains a large amount of water and plant residues and humus which are not decomposed, a part of water can be provided for the growth of seed roots, meanwhile, nutrients are provided for the growth and development of the seed roots, and the kaolin has the characteristics of stable chemical property, high binding power, strong water retention capacity and the like. (2) Inoculating the decomposed livestock manure containing the high-cold microbial agent into a mixed microbial agent of bacillus and cold-resistant Brevibacterium inoculated into the decomposed livestock manure of cattle and sheep; inoculating the decomposed livestock manure containing the high-cold microbial agent not only provides nutrients for root growth and development and for later-period grass blanket growth maintenance, but also promotes the livestock manure to be decomposed for the second time in the later period due to the existence of the high-cold microbial agent, and releases heat in the process, so that a warm environment is provided for the growth roots of the seeds. (3) The crop straw plant fiber can improve the overall strength of the matrix, so that the matrix is more resistant to degradation, the overall stability of the matrix is well maintained, and the erosion of rainwater is effectively resisted in the later use process of the grass blanket. The crop straws used in the method are wheat and corn straws, in the matrix, the raw materials are easier to add and mix, the wheat straws are 3-4cm sections, and the corn straws are 2-3cm sections. (4) The flour paste rubber powder used in the matrix proportion is prepared by taking wheat flour as a raw material, adding 25% of water into the wheat flour, stirring the mixture until the mixture is pasty in the heating process, cooling the mixture to solidify the mixture, and crushing the mixture into powder for use; the flour paste can bond the mixed matrix particles, so that the matrix can keep a good aggregate structure, the water and fertilizer loss is effectively reduced, the inorganic salt is embedded and the super-strong release promoting and releasing functions are realized by the flour paste, the limited water resource can be utilized efficiently and at low cost, the water-retaining effect is realized, and meanwhile, the strong cohesive force of the flour paste can effectively resist erosion of rainwater in the later use process of the grass blanket.

And (II) planting method.

1. Grass seed ratio (native grass seed, colonic seed, companion seed, pioneer grass seed): 20 percent of old mango (0.4 g), 10 percent of perennial ryegrass (3.5 g), 10 percent of elytrigia repens (1 g), 25 percent of elytrigia repens (2.5 g), 15 percent of bluegrass (3 g), 10 percent of red bean grass (0.6 g) and 5 percent of sea buckthorn (10 grains/m) ² ) 5% of safflower and pagodatree (10 grains/m) ² ）。

2. The planting method comprises the following steps: due to the large germination time difference of different grass seeds, in order to quickly form a uniform ecological grass blanket, multiple sowing needs to be performed in different time periods.

Planting for the first time: sea buckthorn and safflower (dibbling): the preparation of a plateau bed is carried out in the early stage, namely, the laying of a matrix layer is carried out; after the matrix layer is laid, firstly, the sea buckthorn and the safflower seeds which are prepared in advance are mixed according to 10 grains/m ² The density is even, the sprinkling irrigation system is used for sprinkling irrigation every day, and the moist of the lawn bed is kept.

Sowing for the second time: grass of elymus lancea, bluegrass (broadcast): after the sea buckthorn and the black locust are sown for 10 days, uniformly sowing the grass of the shaggy mane and the black locust according to the density calculated in advance, covering the grass of the shaggy mane and the black locust seeds with 1cm of sandy soil, and sprinkling irrigation by a sprinkling irrigation system every day to keep the lawn bed moist.

And (3) planting for the third time: old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, red bean grass (broadcast): after the sea buckthorn, the carthamus tinctorius, the elymus tinctorius and the bluegrass germinate, other residual grass seeds are uniformly sowed according to the calculated density in the earlier stage; after sowing, the seeds are covered by the matrix, the thickness of the seeds is not more than 1cm, the seeds are not exposed on the surface, and then the seeds are covered by the non-woven fabric.

And (3) maintenance management: the sprinkling irrigation is carried out every day according to weather conditions, so that the lawn bed is ensured not to generate surface runoff, and the lawn bed is kept moist all the time. Weekly administration of N: P: K15: 15:15 of 2-5g/m of water-soluble compound fertilizer ² Plateau formation after 45 days, during which no pruning is required.

4. Experiment and results.

Experimental procedure (one).

1. Experimental materials: the substrates provided by the experimental groups 1-3 are suitable for a preparation method substrate of the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas, and the substrates provided by the control groups 4 and 5.

Example 1: the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: plant ash (10%), crop straw sections (30%), decomposed livestock manure (30%), turfy soil (10%), flour paste rubber powder (1%), kaolin (9%), vermiculite (10%) which contain high-cold microbial agents are inoculated.

Example 2: the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: plant ash (5%), crop straw sections (30%), high-cold microorganism inoculated decomposed livestock manure (35%), turfy soil (10%), flour paste rubber powder (1%), kaolin (9%), vermiculite (10%).

Example 3: the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: plant ash (10%), crop straw sections (35%), cooked livestock manure (30%), turfy soil (15%), putrescence flour paste rubber powder (1%), kaolin (9%), vermiculite (10%) which contain high-cold microbial agents are inoculated.

Control group 4 the spray-seeding matrix provided by the control example comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of peat. (crushing 100 parts of peat into 80-100 mesh granules.)

Control group 5: the spray-seeding matrix provided in the comparative example comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: and (5) 100 parts of foreign soil. (crushing 100 parts of the foreign soil into particles of 80-100 meshes.)

2. Experimental grouping: the substrates provided in examples 1-3 for the preparation of a soil-free ecological grass blanket suitable for cold and dry areas, and the substrates provided in control groups 4, 5 were numbered as experimental groups 1-5.

3. The experimental treatment method comprises the following steps: on randomly selected open areas, 5 plots of 2.5m×1m were selected and the substrates provided by experimental groups 1-5 were randomly laid in the experimental area.

4. And (3) observing the indexes: emergence rate, coverage.

The emergence rate is an important index for measuring the quality of seeds and influencing the final planting effect, and is closely related to not only the perfection of the seeds, the activity of seed embryos and other internal factors, but also external factors such as illumination, soil, moisture, humidity and the like. As can be seen from fig. 1, the emergence rates of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 are higher than those of the experimental groups 4 and 5, which benefits from the more scientific matrix formulation and more comprehensive nutrition absorbed by co-crops, which is suitable for the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the cold and dry areas, wherein the emergence rate of the experimental group 2 is the highest, so that the influence of different proportions of raw materials on the emergence rate of seeds is different.

As can be seen from fig. 2, under the condition of reasonably sowing the slope in the arid region, the current year coverage and the next year coverage of the vegetation sowing are changed to different degrees. Compared with the experimental groups 4 and 5, the coverage of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 all increases with the increase of the sowing time, and the coverage increases due to the increase of the amount of decomposed organic waste in the whole.

5. An ecological restoration method for treating side slopes and abandoned mines by using soilless ecological grass blankets.

(1) Finishing a treatment area: mechanically and manually cooperating land trimming is carried out on the area to be treated, after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earthwork and stones, the soil is uniformly covered with the soil for about 5-10cm thick by an alien soil method, and organic fertilizer is applied, so that alien soil is paved to ensure that the alien soil layer can be pricked downwards along with the later growth process of roots after the soilless ecological grass blanket is paved; the foreign soil source is selected in the nearby region, secondary damage to vegetation and environment is avoided as much as possible during transportation, the surface humus layer is dug and piled aside when the soil is taken at the soil taking position, and the surface humus layer is paved back again after the soil is taken.

(2) The anchor rod construction, namely determining the diameter (usually 1mm in diameter), the anchoring length (usually 1m in length) and the spacing (usually 0.7m in spacing) of a main anchor rod and a secondary anchor rod according to the slope surface of the slope, and properly adjusting the length and the spacing of the anchor rods according to the geological condition of the slope surface on the premise of ensuring that a nylon net can be fixed.

(3) Nylon net hanging, wherein the diameter of the nylon net is not less than 2 mm, the aperture is not more than 50 mm multiplied by 50 mm, the net hanging is carried out after the anchor rod can bear force, the net is required to be tensioned, the net surface is required to be clung to the slope surface as much as possible when the net is hung, the overlap joint width between the nets is not less than 10cm, and the slope surface and the two sides of the slope body are ensured to be covered by not less than 1m.

(4) Paving a grass blanket: when the soilless ecological grass blanket is paved, the soilless ecological grass blanket is cultivated in a large area at the initial stage, and is subjected to pretreatment and sheared into grass blanket blocks with the size of 1m1m for use; and (3) laying the soilless ecological grass blanket, simultaneously carrying out cuttage fixation according to 9 bamboo sticks of 7cm-10cm per square meter, and fixing the soilless ecological grass blanket on a side slope through the bamboo sticks and fully compacting.

(5) And (3) in the later maintenance, the survival of the vegetation blanket is ensured, and water is poured for 1-2 times each day. Excessive watering can cause hardening of the substrate, poor resistance of the grass blanket, watering time is determined according to seasons, and the watering is performed at 8-10 am and 4-6 pm in spring and autumn; the grass blanket after being laid can be firmly rooted in a short period (one month), and the bare side slope is greened again.

(6) And (3) observing the indexes: growth density, soil erosion amount, aboveground biomass.

TABLE 1 soil erosion amount of mixture formulations of different base materials over time

Soil erosion amount (g.m) ^-2 ）	Spring 3.20-5.20	Summer 5.20-8.20	Autumn 8.20-11.20
				Experiment group 1	247	338	115
Experiment group 2	258	344	102
				Experiment group 3	261	352	105
Experiment group 4	273	373	110
				Experiment group 5	285	395	127

As can be seen from FIG. 3, under the condition of reasonably sowing the slope in the arid region, the density of the vegetation in the current year of sowing changes to different degrees, but after 150 days, the plants in all the parties grow, and the growth of the grass reaches a relatively stable state. Compared with the experimental groups 4 and 5, the growth densities of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 all increase along with the increase of the sowing time, and the density is increased due to the increase of the amount of decomposed organic waste and plant ash as a whole.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the above-ground biomass of each of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 is higher than that of the experimental groups 4 and 5, which benefits from the more scientific matrix formulation of the preparation method suitable for the soilless ecological grass blanket suitable for the arid region, the co-crops absorb more comprehensive nutrition, wherein the plant above-ground biomass of the experimental group 1 is higher, the plant biomass of the experimental group 5 is minimum, and the plant above-ground biomass of the experimental groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 is 10.2%, 21.3%, 26.4% and 32.4% smaller than that of the experimental group 1, but the difference of the total biomass of the overground parts of grass-irrigation among the five experimental groups is more obvious, so that the influence of different proportions of the raw materials on the growth condition of plants can be obtained.

Claims

1. The ecological restoration method for the side slopes in the cold and dry areas and the abandoned mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: finishing a treatment area: mechanically and manually cooperating land trimming is carried out on the area to be treated, after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earthwork and stones, soil is evenly covered on the slope surface through a foreign soil method, and organic fertilizer is applied;

s2: the anchor rod construction, namely determining the diameter, the anchoring length and the distance between the main anchor rod and the secondary anchor rod according to the slope surface of the slope, and properly adjusting the length and the distance of the anchor rods according to the geological condition of the slope surface when the construction is performed on the premise of ensuring that a nylon net can be fixed;

s3: nylon net hanging, namely nylon net hanging should be carried out within the stress range of the anchor rod, the net must be tensioned, and the net surface should be clung to the slope surface as much as possible when hanging the net;

s4: paving a grass blanket: when the soilless ecological grass blanket is paved, the soilless ecological grass blanket is cultivated in a large area at the initial stage, and is sheared firstly; the preparation method of the soilless ecological grass blanket comprises the following steps:

s41: preparing a matrix layer: finishing and leveling the land, compacting the finished and leveled land, carrying out fine leveling, and paving an isolating film; heating polyolefin for wiredrawing, weaving the polyolefin into a net by a net weaving machine, and paving the obtained polyolefin fiber net on the upper layer of the isolating film to serve as the bottom layer of the soilless grass blanket turf;

s42: preparing a matrix: plant ash, crop straw segments, vermiculite, turfy soil, decomposed livestock manure containing high-cold microbial agents, flour paste rubber powder and kaolin are inoculated, mixed and stirred uniformly, and finally a matrix is formed; the high-cold microbial agent is cold-resistant Brevibacterium and bacillus; plant ash, crop straw segments, vermiculite, turfy soil, decomposed livestock manure inoculated with a microbial agent containing high-cold microorganisms, flour paste rubber powder and kaolin are sequentially listed as (0.05-0.1) according to the weight ratio: (0.3-0.35): (0.3-0.35): 0.1:0.01:0.09:0.01;

s43: paving a nutrition layer: uniformly spreading the prepared matrix on a polyolefin fiber net to serve as a main nutrition source for later-stage seed roots and grass blanket growth maintenance;

s44: planting grass seeds: firstly, sowing and planting sea buckthorn and safflower, and making the lawn bed moist, uniformly sowing the grass of elvan and bluegrass after a plurality of days, covering seeds of the grass of elvan and bluegrass with covered sandy soil, and keeping the lawn bed moist; after sea buckthorn, safflower, elymus-sativus and bluegrass germinate, uniformly broadcasting and sowing old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens and ormosia, covering seeds with a matrix after sowing, and covering with a non-woven fabric; the weight proportions of the old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, elytrigia lancea, bluegrass, red bean grass, sea buckthorn and safflower are as follows: 0.2:0.1:0.1:0.25:0.15:0.1:0.05:0.05;

planting for the first time: hippophae rhamnoides and Sophora japonicaThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The preparation of a plateau bed is carried out in the early stage, namely, the laying of a matrix layer is carried out; after the matrix layer is laid, firstly, the sea buckthorn and the safflower seeds which are prepared in advance are mixed according to 10 grains/m ² Uniformly dibbling the seeds at a uniform density, spraying irrigation by using a spray irrigation system every day, and keeping a lawn bed moist;

sowing for the second time: oak grass and Poa pratensis; after the sea buckthorn and the black locust are sown for 10 days, uniformly sowing the grass of the shaggy-grass and the black locust according to the density calculated in advance, covering the grass of the shaggy-grass and the black locust seeds with 1cm of sandy soil, and sprinkling irrigation by a sprinkling irrigation system every day to keep the lawn bed moist;

and (3) planting for the third time: old mango, perennial ryegrass, elytrigia repens, red bean grass; after the sea buckthorn, the carthamus tinctorius, the elymus tinctorius and the bluegrass germinate, other residual grass seeds are uniformly sowed according to the calculated density in the earlier stage; covering seeds with a matrix after sowing, wherein the thickness of the seeds does not exceed 1cm, so that the seeds are not exposed on the surface, and then covering the seeds with a non-woven fabric;

s45: and (3) maintenance management: sprinkling irrigation is carried out every day according to weather conditions, so that the lawn bed is ensured not to generate surface runoff, the lawn bed is kept moist all the time, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied every week until the lawn is formed, and pruning is not needed in the period; weekly administration of N: P: K15: 15:15 of 2-5g/m of water-soluble compound fertilizer ² Forming a lawn after 45 days; s5: and (3) in the later maintenance, watering and irrigation are carried out according to the requirements, and the laid grass blanket can firmly root in a short period to re-green the exposed side slope.

2. The ecological restoration method for the slope and the abandoned mine in the arid region according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the alien soil source is selected in the nearby region, the secondary damage to vegetation and environment is avoided as much as possible during transportation, the surface humus layer is firstly dug and piled aside when the soil is taken out, and the re-paving of the surface humus layer is completed when the soil is taken out; in the step S2, the diameter of the main anchor rod and the secondary anchor rod is 1mm, the anchoring length is 1m, and the interval is 0.7m; in the step S3, the diameter of the nylon net wire is not less than 2 mm, the aperture is not more than 50 mm multiplied by 50 mm, the overlap width between nets is not less than 10cm, and the slope surface and the two sides of the slope body are not less than 1m; in the step S4, the soilless ecological grass blanket is sheared into grass blanket blocks with the size of 1m multiplied by 1m for use; laying a soilless ecological grass blanket, simultaneously carrying out cutting fixation according to 9 bamboo sticks of 7cm-10cm per square meter, fixing the soilless ecological grass blanket on a side slope through the bamboo sticks, and fully compacting; in the step S5, the survival of the vegetation blanket is ensured, water is poured for 1 to 2 times every day, the watering time is determined according to seasons, the time of the watering is 8 to 10 a.m. in spring and autumn, and the watering is performed at 4 to 6 a.m. in afternoon.

3. The ecological restoration method for hillsides and abandoned mines in cold and arid regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S41, the laid isolation film is a plastic film.

4. The ecological restoration method for hillside slopes and abandoned mines in cold and dry areas according to claim 1, wherein in step S42, the crop straw sections are wheat straw with a length of 3-4cm or corn straw with a length of 2-3 cm.

5. The ecological restoration method for hillside slopes and abandoned mines according to claim 1, wherein in step S43, the mixed matrix is uniformly laid on the polyolefin fiber net with a thickness of 2-3 cm.