CN109601264B - Method for constructing slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse to plant halophytic pasture in alkaline earth of arid region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting halophytic pasture in a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse constructed by alkaline earth in a drought region, which selects strong alkaline earth in an inland drought region, constructs a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse by constructing a high ridge farmland, ditching, filling organic materials, laminating and intermittently irrigating, not only provides water and fertilizer for plants in the season, but also continuously stores nutrients to form a long-acting slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse through years of implementation, and lays a material foundation for the development of cracked alkaline earth to soil rich in organic matters; irrigating the ridge with water for seeding, and simulating germination environments of halophyte plant seeds under natural conditions such as wet soil, illumination and the like; the organic matter material ditch covering film and the high-density plant belt are combined to form the full coverage of alkaline earth; the relay of artificial irrigation and seasonal precipitation for the water demand of the plants in the growing period is completed by combining the biological climate of the halophyte, the irrigation system and the local climate, so that the water consumption and the cost are greatly saved; the silage containing plant salt is prepared by cutting the salt-absorbing plant to recycle the alkaline earth, so that the combination of alkaline earth utilization is realized, and a technical approach is provided for alkaline earth development in arid regions.

Description

Method for constructing slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse to plant halophytic pasture in alkaline earth of arid region

Technical Field

The invention discloses a method for planting halophytic pasture in alkaline earth, in particular to a method for planting halophytic pasture by constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse in strong alkaline soil of a dry area, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting of the dry area.

Background art:

in the arid area irrigated by yellow river water, due to the reasons of climate, matrix of soil and alkalescence of the yellow river water at the middle and lower reaches, large-area cracked alkaline earth is formed, the soil is mostly a river and lake phase sedimentary layer, the silty and clay are interlaminated, the bedding is clear, the thickness of the earth surface silty clay is more than 10m, the soil is salinized, and the water permeability of the structure is extremely poor. The inner Mongolia Wuyuan county is a heavy-alkali soil distribution area, alkaline-resistant crops such as sunflower and the like are seriously lack of seedlings, break ridges and are harvested absolutely in partial areas, and saline pasture is introduced, so that alkaline earth can be improved, ecology can be improved, pasture can be provided for local pasture, and the contradiction of land competition of grain and feed is relieved.

The method is characterized in that well digging is forbidden to pump underground water locally, only yellow water introduction is waited, the yellow water introduction is periodical irrigation, and channel water delivery and flood irrigation are adopted, the halophyte seeds are small, water needs to be supplied in time in the seedling emergence period, the deep growth speed of the root system in the early stage is lower than the biological characteristics of alkaline earth drought and crack speed and the like, and the planting of halophyte pasture is difficult in the environment due to the semiarid climate. The subject group combines local planting habits, recycles the severe cracking alkaline earth on the basis of yellow-leading irrigation practice, researches the large-scale planting of the halophyte, constructs a method for planting the halophyte in a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse in arid regions, and provides a new way for improving and utilizing the alkaline earth, improving the ecological environment of farming and pasturing regions and promoting the development of farming and pasturing animal husbandry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer reservoir by alkaline earth in a dry region to plant saline-grown forage grass, which constructs a high-ridge ridged field mechanically, ditches are dug at intervals in the ridged field to bury organic materials and to form a film, and the long-release slow-release water-fertilizer reservoir is constructed for the subsequent growth of plants by combining intermittent shallow-wet ridged-irrigation yellow river water; irrigating the furrows with water, naturally drying, planting in water, and germinating the halophyte seeds under the conditions similar to the original environment such as wet soil, illumination and the like; after 20-30 days of seedling emergence, the plants can be irrigated in a shallow and wet manner to smoothly grow to a seasonal precipitation period, so that the relay of the water requirement of artificial irrigation and seasonal precipitation in the growth period is realized; the salt-absorbing plant is mown in the full-nutrition period and fed with sorghum to prepare silage containing plant salt.

The invention relates to a method for planting halophytic pasture in a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse constructed by alkaline earth in a dry area, which comprises the following steps:

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting land blocks of strong alkaline earth, leveling the land, and planning to be a ridge field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the ridge height of the ridge is 50cm, and the ridge width is 40 cm; applying 2000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 2000kg of desulfurized gypsum and 20kg of urea to each mu of farmland, and ploughing and preparing the land;

constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer library:

b. mechanically ditching the ridged field leveled in the step a at a distance of 50cm, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow depth is 50cm, 40cm of decomposed cattle and sheep manure containing 1% of high-efficiency compound fertilizer by weight is filled in the furrow, then 10cm of raw soil is filled, then covering a film, pressing a water permeable bag filled with acid decomposed chicken manure on the film every 20m, irrigating for 2 times, and irrigating for 150m each time at intervals of 8 days³Naturally falling to dry per mu to build a water-fertilizer reservoir in the plant growth period;

falling into water and seeding:

c. c, when the water level of the second field soaking in the step b is reduced to the water depth of 1cm, selecting windless days, manually sowing seeds of suaeda salsa or salicornia europaea, sowing the seeds in water, and forming a natural zone to realize the full coverage of the alkaline earth film and the plant zone;

and (3) irrigation management:

d. when the height of the seedlings in the step c is 10cm, watering the seedlings with first water in a shallow wet mode, and then naturally lowering the water to ensure the water requirement in the whole growth period;

cutting and ensiling:

e. and d, when the halophytic pasture in the step d is mown in the flowering phase, and then the halophytic pasture and the feeding sorghum are used as silage according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.

The invention relates to a method for planting halophytic pasture in a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse constructed by alkaline earth in a dry area, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

building high ridges is beneficial to the first growth of the field soaking for washing saline and alkali, shading and protecting marginal rows and the concentration of saline and alkali on the ridges; the ridge fields are beneficial to leveling and small-scale alkali change; the ditching and burying of organic materials at intervals is beneficial to improving a plough layer structure year by year, increasing the water and air permeability, cultivating a granular structure and improving the supply capacity of water, fertilizer, gas and heat nutrient resources; the organic material ditch body is coated with a film, the temperature is increased, the soil moisture is preserved, the saline-alkali rising is inhibited, the alkaline earth cracking is prevented, the stored water and fertilizer are slowly released by the growth of the plants, and the full-coverage mode of the alkaline earth is formed by combining the stored water and the fertilizer with the high-density plants; while pressing the film of the bagged acidic organic fertilizer, neutralizing the alkalinity of the irrigation water and releasing water-soluble humic acid, thereby providing favorable germination conditions for the broadcast sowing of seeds; the organic matter material ditch coated with the film not only provides water and fertilizer for the plants in the season, but also can form a long-acting water-fertilizer storehouse by continuously storing nutrients through years of implementation, thereby laying a material foundation for the crack alkaline earth to develop into the soil texture rich in organic matters; intermittent shallow wet furrow irrigation not only avoids ineffective loss of chemical fertilizer, but also gradually seeps saline alkali below a plough layer; the seeds are planted in the water to simulate the primordial environment and ensure the smooth germination of the seeds; the relay of water demand is completed by combining artificial irrigation with seasonal rainfall, and the climate and climate characteristics are utilized, so that the water consumption is greatly saved; the salt-absorbing plants are mowed to prepare silage to recycle the alkaline earth, and the combination of alkaline earth utilization and modification is realized.

Detailed Description

The total area of the planting area is 20 mu, which is abandoned 2 pieces of heavy alkaline soil farmland, the pH value is 10-11, the irrigation water of the planting area is mainly yellow river water, and the mineralization degree is high and is 1-3 g/L; in 2017, sunflower is planted, so that the seedling is difficult to protect and the sunflower is harvested absolutely; in 2018, the method is used for planting 20 mu of suaeda salsa and salicornia europaea in an exemplary mode.

Example 1

In 2018, an alkaline earth construction slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse planting halophytic pasture test is carried out in Wuyuan county of inner Mongolia;

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting land blocks of strong alkaline earth, leveling the land, and planning to be a ridge field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the ridge height of the ridge is 50cm, and the ridge width is 40 cm; applying 2000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 2000kg of desulfurized gypsum and 20kg of urea to each mu of farmland, and ploughing and preparing the land;

constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer library:

b. mechanically ditching the ridged field leveled in the step a at a distance of 50cm, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow depth is 50cm, 40cm of decomposed cattle and sheep manure containing 1% of high-efficiency compound fertilizer by weight is filled in the furrow, then 10cm of raw soil is filled, then covering a film, pressing a water permeable bag filled with acid decomposed chicken manure on the film every 20m, irrigating for 2 times, and irrigating for 150m each time at intervals of 8 days³Naturally falling to dry per mu to build a water-fertilizer reservoir in the plant growth period;

falling into water and seeding:

c. b, when the water level of the second field soaking in the step b is reduced to the water depth of 1cm, selecting windless days, manually sowing the suaeda salsa, dropping the suaeda salsa into water for sowing, and forming a natural zone to realize the full coverage of the alkaline earth film and the plant zone;

and (3) irrigation management:

d. when the height of the seedlings in the step c is 10cm, watering the seedlings with first water in a shallow wet mode, and then naturally lowering the water to ensure the water requirement in the whole growth period;

cutting and ensiling:

e. and d, when the Suaeda salsa forage grass in the step d is mown in the flowering phase, and then the Suaeda salsa forage grass is used as silage according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.

Example 2

In 2018, an alkaline earth construction slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse planting halophytic pasture test is carried out in Wuyuan county of inner Mongolia;

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting land blocks of strong alkaline earth, leveling the land, and planning to be a ridge field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the ridge height of the ridge is 50cm, and the ridge width is 40 cm; applying 2000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 2000kg of desulfurized gypsum and 20kg of urea to each mu of farmland, and ploughing and preparing the land;

constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer library:

b. mechanically ditching the ridged field leveled in the step a at a distance of 50cm, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow depth is 50cm, 40cm of decomposed cattle and sheep manure containing 1% of high-efficiency compound fertilizer by weight is filled in the furrow, then 10cm of raw soil is filled, then covering a film, pressing a water permeable bag filled with acid decomposed chicken manure on the film every 20m, irrigating for 2 times, and irrigating for 150m each time at intervals of 8 days³Naturally falling to dry per mu to build a water-fertilizer reservoir in the plant growth period;

falling into water and seeding:

c. c, when the water level of the second field soaking in the step b is reduced to the water depth of 1cm, selecting windless days, manually sowing the salicornia europaea, falling into water for sowing, and forming naturally to realize the full coverage of the alkaline earth film and the plant belt;

and (3) irrigation management:

d. when the height of the seedlings in the step c is 10cm, watering the seedlings with first water in a shallow wet mode, and then naturally lowering the water to ensure the water requirement in the whole growth period;

cutting and ensiling:

e. and d, when the salicornia herbage is mown in the flowering phase in the step d, preparing silage from the forage sorghum according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.

The invention relates to a method for constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse by using alkaline earth in a dry area to plant halophytic pasture, which is characterized in that 9614kg of fresh weight per mu of suaeda salsa is harvested 8-9 months in 2018, and 2769kg of dry weight per mu is harvested on average; the average fresh weight per mu of the salicornia europaea is 2601kg, the average dry weight per mu is 817kg, and the salicornia europaea and the forage sorghum are prepared into silage according to the weight ratio of 1:3, so that the silage is good in palatability in winter and provides silage containing plant salt for local herdsmen. The popularization of the method provides technical support for the resource utilization of the heavy alkaline earth, and the novel silage is produced, thereby obtaining remarkable ecological benefit and economic benefit.

Claims (1)

1. A method for constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer storehouse to plant halophytic pasture in alkaline earth of a arid region is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting land blocks of strong alkaline earth, leveling the land, and planning to be a ridge field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the ridge height of the ridge is 50cm, and the ridge width is 40 cm; applying 2000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 2000kg of desulfurized gypsum and 20kg of urea to each mu of farmland, and ploughing and preparing the land;

constructing a slow-release water-fertilizer library:

b. mechanically ditching the ridged field leveled in the step a at a distance of 50cm, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow depth is 50cm, 40cm of decomposed cattle and sheep manure containing 1% of high-efficiency compound fertilizer by weight is buried in the furrow, then 10cm of raw soil is filled, then covering a film, pressing a water permeable bag filled with acid decomposed chicken manure every 20m on the film, irrigating water,soaking field for 2 times, 8 days apart, and irrigating 150m each time³Naturally falling to dry per mu to build a water-fertilizer reservoir in the plant growth period;

falling into water and seeding:

c. c, when the water level of the second field soaking in the step b is reduced to the water depth of 1cm, selecting windless days, manually sowing seeds of suaeda salsa or salicornia europaea, sowing the seeds in water, and forming a natural zone to realize the full coverage of the alkaline earth film and the plant zone;

and (3) irrigation management:

d. when the height of the seedlings in the step c is 10cm, watering the seedlings with first water in a shallow wet mode, and then naturally lowering the water to ensure the water requirement in the whole growth period;

cutting and ensiling:

e. and d, when the halophytic pasture in the step d is mown in the flowering phase, and then the halophytic pasture and the feeding sorghum are used as silage according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.