CN105123212A - Method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets - Google Patents
Method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123212A CN105123212A CN201510543080.XA CN201510543080A CN105123212A CN 105123212 A CN105123212 A CN 105123212A CN 201510543080 A CN201510543080 A CN 201510543080A CN 105123212 A CN105123212 A CN 105123212A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets. The method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets is applicable to fill roadbed slope protection during a construction period. According to the method, fill roadbed slopes are divided into two categories, according to one category, the fill roadbed slopes are formed slopes where roadbed filling is completed, and according to the other category, the fill roadbed slopes are non-formed slopes where roadbed filling is not completed. The operation that roadbeds are gradually filled and spreading is performed layer by layer is performed on the non-formed slopes, the plant fiber blankets are fixed, after filling of the all the roadbeds and covering of the plant fiber blankets are completed, plant seeds are sown on the surfaces of the plant fiber blankets, covering of thin soil is performed, and watering and curing are performed so that vegetation can be formed; the operations that grass seeds are sown on the total slopes, then the total slopes are covered with the plant fiber blankets, and curing is performed are adopted so that the vegetation can be built. By means of the method, the slopes can be greened as soon as possible, water and soil loss can be effectively controlled in the construction period, and the effectiveness of slope protection is enhanced in the construction period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slope of highway biological protection method of highway slope protection field, particularly relate to a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection.
Background technology
The bringing soil erosion under control of highway subgrade slope is the important and difficult issues that highway construction environmental protection is paid close attention to always; construction time soil disturbance scope is large; soil property is loose; and a lot of local feature that there is construction time and the rain hot same period of China; this water and soil loss modulus objectively causing the construction time is very huge; often cause the considerable damage to periphery farm irrigation facility; cause rivers, Hu Ku at short notice just deposit by the soil that runs off, had a strong impact on the performance of all kinds of water conservancy projects function.Therefore, the administrative departments such as Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Department of Transportation all attach great importance to environmental protection and the water guarantor work of construction time, but how pushing ring water conservation guarantor is operated in the difficulty that highway construction is usually faced with much reality.
Construct for the soil and water conservation measures of highway subgrade embankment side slope, in order to avoid the waste of vegetation recovery engineering, minimizing civil engineering and ring water protect the cross jamming of engineering construction, it is all often the construction just carrying out domatic engineering measures of soil and water conservation, plant measures after highway bed construction completes, these measures again can only competence exertion effect after construction terminates, and is usually faced with vacuum at the ring soil erosion management of construction time.Especially build highway in the vast region of no relief of China, face such problem especially.
External to start to walk in this respect comparatively early, attention dynamics is larger, and have relevant administration means, legal system, program specification to support, it mainly emphasizes the strict control for the side slope exposed time, and by all kinds of Storm Water Management measure, as trackside sedimentation basin, under ooze pond, volatilization pond etc., the territory runoff that satisfies the need is tackled, and precipitates silt.And the domestic technology advanced in this respect is few, mainly through arranging debris retaining wall, and after construction of the highway terminates, clear up affected Reservoir region mud, the methods such as dredging river, the method and the normal form that do not have specification can references.
For a long time, highway vegetation repair recovers to build often just to be carried out after domatic shaping completely, and the vegetation that the construction time builds is often that provisional vegetation prevents erosion, and clear up again after construction terminates, this also result in great waste.
In recent years, some enterprises of China are from having introduced relevant device abroad, start to produce vegetable fiber blanket, thus start to utilize vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation greening, vegetable fiber blanket utilizes the natural plant fiber material such as shredded coconut meat, stalk, and can the material such as mixed plant seed, fertilizer, soil as required, make the disposable blanket that is pressed into of these materials by specific mechanical equipment, form being rolled up by the blanket of double-deck netting wrapped folder of specific thicknesses.It has the advantages such as rapid construction, prevention soil and water loss, fast greening, dust-proof, ecological degradable.In side slope vegetation reparation, have many outstanding functions, after realizing factorial praluction at home, ground is promoted and is opened in Beijing of China, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Anhui etc. rapidly, and is widely used in that abandoned mine is administered, in highway slope protection revegetation.In engineering practice, first at the plant society that domatic sowing needs, then blanket is covered in domatic, takes precautions against water and soil loss, simultaneously for plant emergence and growth provide bridging effect.But use vegetable fiber blanket still to there is following problem at present:
1, result of the test shows, the inhibition caused to a certain degree of emerging to draft and woody plant is understood in the covering of vegetable fiber blanket.Vegetable fiber blanket can produce stronger inhibition for the emergence and growth of dicotyledonous shrub compared with the gramineous grass for needle.
2, after slope of highway vegetation builds up, the vegetation being positioned at the construction of domatic upside usually too highly can intervene driving sight line owing to growing, affect highway driving safety, in highway maintenance, the more energy of normal input carries out pruning and the cleaning work of the tall plants of upward slope position for this reason.
3, in highway subgrade construction work progress, usually face heavy rain and even rainstorm weather, this not only causes domatic huge water and soil loss to destroy, and due to formed rainwater on road surface collect in a large number at domatic, often add washing away of macrodome further, cause domatic workload of filling repairing larger.
In the maintenance processes of 4, highway subgrade vegetation, usually be faced with the soil and water conservation benefits that farthest plays vegetation and prevent vegetation to the contradiction between the interference effect of sight line of driving a vehicle, especially under complete domatic unification is afforested, though the vegetation uniformity is better, taller and bigger shrub vegetation is distributed in upper strata can cause larger interference to driving undoubtedly; What grass filled with that the keen competition of draft in Mixture effect often causes again shrub builds up failure, and the lasting effect of vegetation is affected.
In the maintenance processes of 5, highway subgrade vegetation, usually be faced with the soil and water conservation benefits that farthest plays vegetation and prevent vegetation to the contradiction between the interference effect of sight line of driving a vehicle, especially under complete domatic unification is afforested, though the vegetation uniformity is better, taller and bigger shrub vegetation is distributed in upper strata can cause larger interference to driving undoubtedly; What grass filled with that the keen competition of draft in Mixture effect often causes again shrub builds up failure, and the lasting effect of vegetation is affected.
6, vegetable fiber blanket is when carrying out slope vegetation greening, generally as a kind of cladding material, namely after domatic shaping, then flattens, sows seed, repaves exhibition vegetable fiber blanket and carries out domatic covering, until vegetation grows completely build up lawn.The shortcoming of this construction technology is:
(1) repave lid vegetable fiber blanket after domatic shaping completely, lack domatic safeguard procedures in the process of filling, thus make construction time side slope affect comparatively large by rainfall erosion, eolian erosion, soil loss on slope land is more, affects stability of slope; Also easily there is dust from construction sites simultaneously, affect ambient air quality.
(2) because needs first sow seed domatic, cover tapetum fibrosum again, and seed sow need carry out season in the adaptation of plant growth, this makes the covering of vegetable fiber blanket also can only carry out in the season of applicable greening, thus the Growing season making the construction operation progress of afforestation project concentrate on suitable for plant is carried out, cause overwork, efficiency of construction reduces, and is also unfavorable for management and the control of quality simultaneously.
(3) the emerge growth of feltwork to shrub seed formed by shredded coconut meat, rice straw due to vegetable fiber blanket has certain inhibition, and when seed is only sowed under vegetable fiber blanket, tapetum fibrosum can produce certain impact to building up of shrub.
(4) operation of vegetable fiber blanket slope protection greening and major project construction draining, block soil, block water etc. and design and disconnect, cause pavement construction healthy water, work materials be easy to tumble domatic, affect the growth result of slope vegetation; Meanwhile, in rainy season, let out under also having road surface drainage directly and wash away domatic, and soil under vegetable fiber blanket is washed in a pan empty, affect slope vegetation protection effect.For this situation, designer of the present invention is based on being engaged in the practical experience and professional knowledge that this type of product design manufacture enriches for many years, and coordinate the utilization of scientific principle, actively in addition research and innovation, seek a kind of roadbed filling construction method of environment-friendly type, reduce construction time water and soil loss to greatest extent, build up optimal Vegetation community type, and it is constantly research, design, perfect, and after improvement is improved repeatedly in practice, a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection in perfect subgrade construction is proposed finally.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is, overcome the defect that existing vegetable fiber blanket slope protection greening method exists, and a kind of a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection is newly provided, technical problem to be solved makes its stability of slope, water and soil conservation good, is very suitable for practicality.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection is newly provided, technical problem to be solved makes it can carry out construction in each season of the whole year on the one hand, save at the non-acoustic detection of plant, adopt the mode of first cover plant tapetum fibrosum, there is provided real-time protection for domatic, really accomplish in " loess is sky, face not "; Be suitable for the season of plant growth at rain heat condition, then carry out sowing grass seeds by duster or broadcasting sowing operation on vegetable fiber blanket surface, thus make project progress can effectively be distributed in each season, be conducive to construction quality, progress control controls, thus be more suitable for practicality.
An also object of the present invention is, a kind of a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection is newly provided, it can fill one deck roadbed, cover and afforest one deck side slope, technical problem to be solved is can also can the vegetation of planting in real time in roadbed filling process, and dash low bank between fields is set by roadbed side above side slope, domatic, longitudinally interim chute is set, effectively rainwater on road surface is got rid of to reach, prevent pavement runoff to domatic cause wash away, avoid pavement construction healthy water simultaneously, work materials pollutes domatic, realize domatic effective greening and beautify, thus provide comprehensive in roadbed filling process, the side slope protection of overall process, thus be more suitable for practicality.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection is newly provided, it can select to broadcast sowing grass-seed below vegetable fiber blanket, shrub is broadcasted sowing above the vegetable fiber blanket completed, also draft and shrub can be broadcasted sowing respectively at different roadbed filling layers, technical problem to be solved is that the shrub seeds that top is broadcasted sowing can not be subject to the fibrolaminar obstruction of vegetable fiber blanket, or the keen competition avoiding draft and shrub to produce when same layer is sowed, thus be beneficial to building up of shrub, realize the short-term effect of vegetation and the unification of long-range effect, thus be more suitable for practicality, and the value had in industry.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.According to a kind of a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection being applicable to fill subgrade side slope protection that the present invention proposes, that fill subgrade side slope is divided into two classes, wherein a class is the shaping side slope having completed roadbed filling, another kind of is the unshaped side slope not completing roadbed filling, described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method employing is successively filling roadbed successively sprawls and fixes vegetable fiber blanket, again at vegetable fiber blanket surface sowing plant seed after whole roadbed filling to be done and vegetable fiber blanket cover, cover thin soil, water seasoning builds up vegetation, described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method adopts complete domatic sowing grass-seed, then cover plant tapetum fibrosum vegetation is built up in maintenance.By said method, the effectiveness of afforesting domatic, effective control construction time water and soil loss as early as possible, strengthening construction time side slope protection can be reached.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, longitudinally multiple chute should be laid along domatic on the bottom roadbed side slope filled, the spacing of the laying spacing of those chutes and the permanent chute of position reference roadbed and position, in those chutes, plastic covering cloth or film to prevent in groove maceration bubble lower soil under flowing water, the straight-through road bed filled on the upside of those chutes, with concentrated pavement runoff, construction healthy water, discharged roadbed, prevent the domatic pollution caused and wash away, at the rare area of rainfall directly laid vegetable fiber blanket in chute, in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, domatic chute is set equally.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, when filling every one deck roadbed, should the interim dash low bank between fields of roadbed be set in the one or both sides of this layer of roadbed, wash away causing under blanket to prevent roadway storm runoff, soil under naughty empty blanket, also in preventing upper subbase from constructing, soil body downslide is covered domatic simultaneously, this dash low bank between fields is the rib filled, this rib height 30cm, top width 30cm, gradient 1:1.5, native roller compaction construction inside this rib, reduce water body and permeate this rib, this rib oozes under roadbed side slope side also plastic covering cloth minimizing current simultaneously, this rib also can play guiding flow action simultaneously, current are directed in the chute of domatic setting, in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, dash low bank between fields is set equally.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, fixing vegetable fiber blanket paving successively sprawled on domatic by described successively making roadbed is according to domatic design length, determine the Cutting Length that vegetable fiber blanket is rolled up, and consider that the length that covers of toe and slope roof panel is respectively not less than 20cm, first smooth good domatic before sprawling this vegetable fiber blanket, and guarantee that Soil Slope possesses certain degree of packing, vegetable fiber blanket volume is launched from the bottom to top, and guarantee that itself and Soil Slope fit tightly, when this vegetable fiber blanket volume is to the temporary water dash low bank between fields on roadbed upper strata, the vegetable fiber blanket volume timber do not launched is fixed on domatic top, fixing to the vegetable fiber blanket U-iron nail launching to complete, in order to expand stress surface, push down the cross one another waddy of two joints or wooden chopsticks with U-iron nail, be firmly secured on the tight soil of consolidation, be positioned at face toe vegetable fiber blanket should lay and extend in the plane of face toe, make whole vegetable fiber blanket be adjacent to soil and show and be half tensioned state, avoid appearance unsettled, the maintenance of vegetable fiber blanket blanket face is smooth, there is no buckling phenomena, should overlapping overlap joint in two vegetable fiber blanket junctions, sprawl fixing vegetable fiber blanket laying method with unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, but only need once sprawl fixing.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, wherein said U-iron nail length is depending on domatic soil layer construction situation, this U-iron nail diameter of phi >=2.5mm, this U-shaped iron nail can adopt the type such as round end, square toes, and wire diameter is greater than 2.2mm; Single leg length is greater than 6cm; Distance between 2 legs of U-shaped iron nail is greater than 5cm, galvanizing surface; This U-iron nail is laid in isosceles triangle, and every square metre is no less than 3, need have that 10cm's is superimposed in described vegetable fiber blanket overlap joint part at least, encrypts layout if desired; Domatic for what be shaped completely, when top, slope is laid, its top warp is imbedded underground 20 cm, and firmly fixes with holdfast.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, wherein said vegetable fiber blanket volume and dash low bank between fields, Polypropylence Sheet or film should be adopted to cover with described dash low bank between fields the vegetable fiber blanket volume described in not launching, prevent rainwater from drenching blanket volume or washing away dash low bank between fields.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, wherein said can employing at vegetable fiber blanket surface sowing plant seed is broadcasted sowing and is sowed grass seeds by duster; Plant seed after planting, the dash low bank between fields form upper strata planting soil and the soil of rib spread to entirely domatic, make the soil of tapetum fibrosum surface coverage one deck 1-2cm, play and prevent seed by birds, and make the object that seed and soil fully contact, make real with spades after earthing, topsoil, vegetable fiber blanket, lower soil are closely linked.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, the vegetable fiber blanket used in wherein said described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method is by seed or seed and soil, the complete mix of organic substrate material together, and be worked among vegetable fiber blanket interlayer, again this had seed or seed and soil, the vegetable fiber blanket of organic substrate material directly disposable sprawl be fixed to domatic on, and then carry out normal maintenance work, grow completely until grass is filled with and cover earth's surface, in lay fixation procedure, should lay from top to bottom.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, wherein said have seed or seed and soil, organic substrate material vegetable fiber blanket directly disposable sprawling be fixed to domatic rear cuttage shrub or plant shrub seedling.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, first plant seed is sowed in wherein said shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, then cover and fix vegetable fiber blanket ordinal position exchange, namely first carry out covering and fixing vegetable fiber blanket, then sow plant seed.
A kind of aforesaid method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection, it sprawls in fixing vegetable fiber blanket overwrite procedure on roadbed side slope, the time of filling layer utilizing roadbed different, space parallax, be nested in the draft and shrub seeds sowed with design on blanket under different time node, different domatic positions, vegetable fiber blanket, realize the object of the Vegetation community that regulating plant tapetum fibrosum builds up, its concrete grammar is as follows:
In described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, after the dash low bank between fields completing every layer of roadbed, this layer of roadbed side slope filled broadcasts sowing grass-seed, successively grass-seed is broadcasted sowing when completing last layer roadbed making, vegetable fiber blanket sprawl fixing all complete after, shrub seeds or grass filling mixed seeding seed is broadcasted sowing on vegetable fiber blanket, shrub seeds is made to emerge not by the impact that vegetable fiber blanket covers, avoid itself and herbal competition simultaneously, finally play the object realizing shrub and build up smoothly; Or the roadbed side slope to have filled in bottom broadcasts sowing shrub, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing after the upper subbase near design height completes, thus make shrub more integrated distribution in domatic middle and lower part, upper strata then distributes short herbosa, make the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance, again can not be too high because of domatic upper part plant growth, affect the effect of highway driving sight line.
The present invention compared with prior art has obvious advantage and beneficial effect.It at least has following advantages:
(1) the present invention adopt first to cover after tapetum fibrosum sowing planting by and suitable earthing, after the Cheng Ping of plant collective coverage with first sow plant after cover tapetum fibrosum vegetation coverage there is no significant floor space mass discrepancy, therefore the present invention first adopts tapetum fibrosum to cover side slope according to construction speed comprehensively, after roadbed filling civil engineering construction terminates, all complete slope plants tapetum fibrosum cover, all grass-seed is sowed in unification again, and what ensure vegetation builds up effect.
(2) because vegetable fiber blanket can produce stronger inhibition for the emergence and growth of dicotyledonous shrub compared with the gramineous grass for needle, therefore the present invention takes full advantage of this growth differences of plant seed, before vegetable fiber blanket covers, only sow herbaceous plant seeds, after vegetable fiber blanket covers, sow shrub seeds again; Or before covering, sow draft and shrub seeds, after covering, supplement a part of shrub seeds again, play the effect promoting that shrub builds up.
(3) this present invention utilizes the feature of roadbed placement in layers, vegetable fiber blanket layered coverage, plant seed layered sowing, in the layout of slope vegetation, the taller and bigger shrub seeds of growth is mainly sowed in lower slope, and the grass family grass seeds that only Seeded growth is shorter on domatic top, set up layering group, thus the maintenance of minimum degree can be realized.
(4) the present invention by building temporary water dash low bank between fields in every one deck subgrade construction; or by the vegetable fiber blanket volume of incomplete drawout is directly fixed on top, slope; and wrap up in waterproof Polypropylence Sheet; thus ooze effect under playing effective water conservancy diversion, minimizing; the rainwater on road surface that slope is pushed up is led in temporary drain; can greatly strengthen domatic protective effect, reduce construction time domatic washing away.
(5) the present inventor makes full use of the technical characterstic of layering subgrade construction, vegetable fiber blanket covers the effect characteristics of emerging to vegetation, propose group's planting technique that under draft+vegetable fiber blanket, shrub combines under slope shrub+upper side slope grass-seed, vegetable fiber blanket, compensate for the deficiency of previously vegetational type's planting, achieve maximum ecological benefits.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to technological means of the present invention can be better understood, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, and can become apparent to allow above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, be described in detail as follows.
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined goal of the invention and take and effect, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, to a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection proposed according to the present invention, its concrete implementation step, feature and effect thereof, be described in detail as follows.
A kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection of present pre-ferred embodiments, fill subgrade side slope is divided into two classes, the first has completed the shaping side slope of roadbed filling, it two is the unshaped side slopes not completing roadbed filling, successively vegetable fiber blanket is sprawled for the employing of unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method is successively filling roadbed, whole roadbed filling to be done and vegetable fiber blanket sow grass-seed on vegetable fiber blanket surface after sprawling and fixing again, cover thin soil, water seasoning builds up vegetation; Complete domatic sowing grass-seed is adopted for shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, then cover plant tapetum fibrosum vegetation is built up in maintenance.By this method, the effectiveness of afforesting domatic, effective control construction time water and soil loss as early as possible, strengthening construction time side slope protection is reached.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection of better first embodiment of the present invention, the method of described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection carries out every layer of roadbed filling construction the same period, the same period cover plant tapetum fibrosum, namely the construction of one deck roadbed filling is completed, complete one section of vegetable fiber blanket and sprawl fixing construction, supporting temporary drainage facility extension work, treat that whole roadbed filling is constructed, after pumping equipment construction terminates, sow seed again on vegetable fiber blanket surface, thus in roadbed filling process, realize the object that roadbed slope builds ecological protection basis simultaneously, concrete steps comprise:
Step 1: interim chute is set and overlay film
Longitudinally multiple interim chute is laid on the bottom roadbed side slope filled is domatic, the standard configuration of the laying spacing of this interim chute and the permanent chute of position reference roadbed, in this interim chute, plastic covering cloth or film to prevent in groove maceration bubble lower soil under flowing water, this interim chute leads directly to the road bed filled, with concentrated pavement runoff, construction healthy water, discharged roadbed, prevent the domatic pollution caused and wash away.Also can direct laid vegetable fiber blanket in chute in the rare area of rainfall.
Step 2: the interim dash low bank between fields that roadbed is set
Wash away causing under vegetable fiber blanket for preventing roadway storm runoff, empty soil under vegetable fiber blanket blanket, also in preventing upper subbase from constructing, soil body downslide is covered domatic simultaneously, by in roadbed filling process, the interim dash low bank between fields of this layer of roadbed is set in the one or both sides of every one deck roadbed, this interim dash low bank between fields is rib, this rib height 30cm, top width 30cm, gradient 1:1.5, native roller compaction construction inside this rib, reduce water body infiltration rib, this rib oozes under roadbed side slope side also plastic covering cloth minimizing current simultaneously, this rib also can play guiding flow action simultaneously, current are directed in the chute of domatic setting.
Step 3: smooth domatic
Finishing side slope, smooth good domatic, and guarantee that Soil Slope possesses certain degree of packing.
Step 4: sprawl fixing slope plants tapetum fibrosum
According to domatic design length, determine the Cutting Length that vegetable fiber blanket is rolled up, with due regard to the length that covers of toe and slope roof panel is respectively not less than 20cm, and rolling transports to construction site, carries out Rainproof working in storage.Vegetable fiber blanket volume is launched from the bottom to top, and guarantees that itself and Soil Slope fit tightly, successively sprawl fixing.When laying vegetable fiber blanket bottom the roadbed most end, vegetable fiber blanket should be made to extend to base plane, make whole vegetable fiber blanket be adjacent to soil and show and be half tensioned state, avoid appearance unsettled, the maintenance of vegetable fiber blanket blanket face is smooth, there is no buckling phenomena.Two blanket junction overlap overlap joints, staple length, depending on domatic soil layer construction situation, recommends diameter of phi >=2.5mm.This vegetable fiber blanket is sprawled to be fixed to outside the rib of roadbed upper strata and the vegetable fiber blanket blanket volume timber do not launched is fixed on domatic top, fixing to the vegetable fiber blanket U-iron nail launching to complete, in order to expand stress surface, available U-iron nail pushes down the cross one another waddy of two joints or wooden chopsticks, is firmly secured on the tight soil of consolidation.
U-shaped iron nail adopts round end, square toes type, and wire diameter is greater than 2.2mm.Single leg length is greater than 6cm, and the distance between two legs is greater than 5cm, is galvanizing surface.
Staple is that isosceles triangle is laid, and every square metre is no less than 3, need have that 10cm's is superimposed in tapetum fibrosum overlap joint part at least, encrypts layout if desired.Domatic for what be shaped completely, require, when top, slope is laid, its top warp to be imbedded underground 20 cm, and firmly fixes with holdfast.
Step 5: vegetable fiber blanket volume and dash low bank between fields overlay film
Adopt Polypropylence Sheet or film to cover to the vegetable fiber blanket volume do not launched and dash low bank between fields, prevent rainwater from drenching blanket volume or washing away dash low bank between fields.
Step 6: padded base course
When interim chute, interim dash low bank between fields and the vegetable fiber blanket of bottom roadbed and this layer of roadbed sprawl fixing after, then carry out the base course making of last layer.After ridging in upper subbase construction, in order to prevent roadbed filling process at the middle and upper levels soil tumble and bury built up vegetation, affect vegetation growth, in roadbed raising process, need strict implement to design grade of side slope and side slope width, minimizing is filled the gradient width soil caused not in place and is tumbled phenomenon
Step 7: the interim chute that last layer roadbed is set
After completing bottom subgrade construction, then build by underlayment extend to last layer base course domatic on interim chute, construction method is with step 1.
Step 8: the dash low bank between fields that last layer roadbed is interim is set
After completing bottom subgrade construction, then the construction of temporary water dash low bank between fields is carried out in the one or both sides of carrying out upper subbase, and construction method is with step 2.
Step 9: finishing last layer roadbed slope.The finishing of last layer roadbed slope is with step 3
Step 10: sprawl the vegetable fiber blanket on fixing last layer roadbed slope
The vegetable fiber blanket of last layer roadbed slope sprawls fixed form with step 4.
Step 11: complete last layer roadbed with dash low bank between fields overlay film
With step 5.
Step 12: the construction completing each layer subgrade drainage facilities and vegetable fiber blanket
Repeat above-mentioned steps until all base courses fill complete, the interim chute of all base courses extends construction to be completed, the temporary water dash low bank between fields of all base courses extends construction to be completed, the domatic upper vegetable fiber blanket of all base courses sprawl fixing after, the superiors' blanket is rolled up complete drawout, in order to prevent pavement construction to domatic pollution, still need to arrange temporary water dash low bank between fields at the roadbed of the superiors, can, in conjunction with the covering of later stage plant seed, the planting soil being suitable for plant growth be selected to cover on the temporary water dash low bank between fields of the superiors.
Step 13: complete the construction of permanent pumping equipment
After pavement construction completes, road surface is built permanent dash road tooth, build into permanent chute by tackling ditch replacement temporarily simultaneously.
Step 14: tapetum fibrosum table scatters seeds
After step 12 completes, carry out immediately sowing seed, then carry out complete domatic planting seed, have employed in this project broadcast sowing, operation of sowing grass seeds by duster, farthest realize evenly in sowing.
The shrub and herbaceous plant that are suitable for growing in locality is adopted according to weather along the line and soil characteristic, shrub includes shrubby flase indigo, sea-buckthorn, the twigs of the chaste tree, two look shrub lespedezas, herbaceous plant has alfalfa, prairie milk vetch, Festuca Arundinacea, wheatgrass, and the form adopting grass to fill with mixed seeding is planted.
Step 15: tapetum fibrosum table covers thin soil
After planting seed, the soil when water low bank between fields and rib formed by upper strata planting soil spreads to entirely domatic, makes the soil of tapetum fibrosum surface coverage one deck 1-2cm, plays and prevent seed by birds, and make the object that plant seed and soil fully contact.Make real with spades after earthing, topsoil, vegetable fiber blanket, lower soil are closely linked, so far complete the plantation construction of vegetation.
Step 16: water seasoning.
In construction in rainless season, carry out watering operation.
After the dash low bank between fields completing every layer of roadbed, this layer of roadbed side slope filled broadcasts sowing grass-seed, successively grass-seed is broadcasted sowing when completing last layer roadbed making, vegetable fiber blanket sprawl fixing all complete after, shrub seeds or grass filling mixed seeding seed is broadcasted sowing on vegetable fiber blanket, shrub seeds is emerged not by the impact that vegetable fiber blanket covers, avoids itself and herbal competition simultaneously, finally play the object realizing shrub and build up smoothly; Or the roadbed side slope to have filled in bottom broadcasts sowing shrub, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing after the upper subbase near design height completes, thus make shrub more integrated distribution in domatic middle and lower part, upper strata then distributes short herbosa, make the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance, again can not be too high because of domatic upper part plant growth, affect the effect of highway driving sight line.
In the enforcement of above step, the present embodiment, for the region of high slope length of grade 5m, in order to promote building up of shrub, after step 2 completes, the roadbed side slope filled broadcasts sowing grass-seed, and plants configuration adopts Festuca Arundinacea 10g/m
2+ awnless brome 5g/m
2+ alfalfa 3g/m2+ facet syndrom 4g/m
2; And successively broadcast sowing the seed of this draft combination in a step 11, shrub seeds two look shrub lespedeza 5g/m is broadcasted sowing at step 14 on upper strata
2, some are domatic broadcasts sowing shrubby flase indigo 5g/m
2, also have some domaticly to broadcast sowing lyme grass 10g/m
2+ facet syndrom 3g/m
2+ shrub lespedeza 8g/m
2+ twigs of the chaste tree 5g/m
2+ caragana microphylla 5g/m
2grass fill with mixed seeding seed, then, then sow shrub seeds, successfully build up careless filling mictium, although do not carry out water seasoning after planting always, observed after 1 year, vegetation total cover-degree reaches 60%-80%, and fills with mixed seeding area at grass, and Shrub Density reaches 10-30 strain/m
2, achieve domatic water and soil loss benefit.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection of better second embodiment of the present invention, the method for described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection is:
Step 1: land readjustment and improvement
First repair side slope, remove engineering construction rubbish, cut height fill out recessed, remove weeds, reach surfacing and rough, that soil matrix is closely knit, the gradient puts in place object.
Soil testing result is unsuitable for the situation of plant growth, and the more side slope lacking soil of building waste need carry out soil melioration, improvement mainly comprises the improvement of soil ph and the improvement two of organic content of material, each bid section soil ph and the content of organic matter have difference, select suitable processing method respectively;
Acidity of Aikalinity for soil will carry out experiment and determine, takes different measures to carry out neutralization correction respectively for acid soil and alkaline soil bid section, for basic soil, selects acidic fertilizier and execute gypsum (CaSO according to test result
4) method improve soil fertility; For acid ground, improve to broadcast sowing lime;
The soil not up to standard for the content of organic matter will carry out soil melioration, and the material that soil melioration adopts is made up of peat soil, mold, disinfectant, nutritional agents, pH adjusting agent, mycorhiza agent, water-loss reducer, fertilizer and moisture preserving agent; The soil that the content of organic matter is good, can slightly adjust as the case may be, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields highly effective pesticide in topsoil to disinfecting soil to domatic, and simultaneously applying organic manure;
Step 2: sowing seed
According to design seed proportioning, according to following several seeding method different demarcation area, to control seeding quantity well;
The employing mode of broadcasting sowing be seed is evenly sprinkling upon domatic on, plant to broadcast sowing and adopt hand-rail type to broadcast machine and complete, or adopt manual mode, then cover with creeper rake soil; For not easily broadcasting sowing uniform little seeds, broadcast sowing again after can mixing with sand, or by broadcast sowing grass-seed complete after the thick sand of uniform fold 0.5-1cm or fine earth replace;
Adopt bunch planting kind shrub, namely in side slope according to certain density jack cave, put into by seed, earthing, sand are buried;
The mode of sowing grass seeds by duster is applicable to that seed mixed seeding kind is many, construction area is large, the seed handled well fully mixes with water-loss reducer, fertilizer, water etc. by this mode of sowing grass seeds by duster, add to and sow grass seeds by duster in machinery, the order of addition of material is generally: water, water-loss reducer and binding agent, fiber, fertilizer, seed, the mixture of seed and auxiliary material is sprayed onto uniformly domatic on, swing when sowing grass seeds by duster spray gun, and prevent the raw rainwash of produce of sowing grass seeds by duster.
Step 3: interim dash low bank between fields is set
Dash low bank between fields should be set up above domatic before laying vegetable fiber blanket, make road surface charge for remittance through dash low bank between fields guide from domatic chute the row of letting out derivation domatic outside, be arranged to bottom interim dash low bank between fields help slope width 30cm, height 15cm, make real after building soil, method to set up is identical with embodiment 1, and this interim dash low bank between fields is replaced by arranging dash road tooth after supercrust has spread
Step 4: cover and fix vegetable fiber blanket
To cover and to fix vegetable fiber blanket identical with the construction technology of unshaped side slope, carry out from lower to eminence when covering and fix vegetable fiber blanket, or carry out from eminence to lower.
Step 5: water seasoning
After covering completes, carry out water seasoning, also can not carry out water seasoning in the side slope of rainy season construction.
In slope vegetation planting, have employed first after planting cover type paving blanket greening, first cover after the greening of sowing type paving blanket, the greening of sandwich-type tapetum fibrosum, cuttage shrubby flase indigo and the combining form sowing four kinds of basic vegetation establishment forms that grass-seed combines and these vegetation establishment patterns multiple.
1, first after planting cover type paving blanket greening adopts and first sows on smooth good soil, cover plant tapetum fibrosum again after finishing kind, and then carry out normal maintenance work, grow completely until grass is filled with and cover earth's surface, using in the method for shaping side slope surface vegetative protection.
2, first cover and broadcast the greening of formula paving blanket afterwards and adopt first lid vegetable fiber blanket on smooth good soil, covered and sow on blanket face again and cover one deck thin soil afterwards, and then carried out normal maintenance work, until grass filling grows completely and covers earth's surface.
3, the greening of sandwich-type paving blanket be exactly by seed or seed together with the complete mix of the material such as soil, organic base material, and be worked among vegetable fiber blanket interlayer, again by direct for such vegetable fiber blanket one-time laying on domatic, and then carry out normal maintenance work, grow completely until grass is filled with and cover earth's surface.
4, the higher paragraph of requirement is built up in shrub, after implementing first after planting cover type vegetation establishment mode and first covering, sowing type spreads blanket and afforests the mode combined, and the mode that shrubby flase indigo (or seedling of planting) combines with sowing grass-seed (as Festuca Arundinacea+alfalfa), achieve domatic ecological protection, achieve good ecological effect, although do not carry out water seasoning after planting always, but observe after 1 year, vegetation total cover-degree reaches 60%-80%, and Shrub Density reaches 10-30 strain/m
2, achieve domatic water and soil loss benefit.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. be applicable to a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection of fill subgrade side slope protection, fill subgrade side slope is it is characterized in that to be divided into two classes, wherein a class is the shaping side slope having completed roadbed filling, another kind of is the unshaped side slope not completing roadbed filling, described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method employing is successively filling roadbed successively sprawls and fixes vegetable fiber blanket, again at vegetable fiber blanket surface sowing plant seed after whole roadbed filling to be done and vegetable fiber blanket cover, cover thin soil, water seasoning builds up vegetation; Described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method adopts complete domatic sowing grass-seed, then cover plant tapetum fibrosum vegetation is built up in maintenance; By said method, the effectiveness of afforesting domatic, effective control construction time water and soil loss as early as possible, strengthening construction time side slope protection can be reached.
2. a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, longitudinally multiple chute should be laid along domatic on the bottom roadbed side slope filled, the spacing of the laying spacing of those chutes and the permanent chute of position reference roadbed and position, in those chutes, plastic covering cloth or film to prevent in groove maceration bubble lower soil under flowing water, the straight-through road bed filled on the upside of those chutes, with concentrated pavement runoff, construction healthy water, discharged roadbed, prevent the domatic pollution caused and wash away, at the rare area of rainfall directly laid vegetable fiber blanket in chute, in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, domatic chute is set equally.
3. a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, when filling every one deck roadbed, should the interim dash low bank between fields of roadbed be set in the one or both sides of this layer of roadbed, wash away causing under blanket to prevent roadway storm runoff, soil under naughty empty blanket, also in preventing upper subbase from constructing, soil body downslide is covered domatic simultaneously, this dash low bank between fields is the rib filled, this rib height 30cm, top width 30cm, gradient 1:1.5, native roller compaction construction inside this rib, reduce water body and permeate this rib, this rib oozes under roadbed side slope side also plastic covering cloth minimizing current simultaneously, this rib also can play guiding flow action simultaneously, current are directed in the chute of domatic setting, in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, dash low bank between fields is set equally.
4. according to a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection in claim 1-3 described in any one, it is characterized in that in wherein said unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, fixing vegetable fiber blanket paving successively sprawled on domatic by described successively making roadbed is according to domatic design length, determine the Cutting Length that vegetable fiber blanket is rolled up, and consider that the length that covers of toe and slope roof panel is respectively not less than 20cm, first smooth good domatic before sprawling this vegetable fiber blanket, and guarantee that Soil Slope possesses certain degree of packing, vegetable fiber blanket volume is launched from the bottom to top, and guarantee that itself and Soil Slope fit tightly, when this vegetable fiber blanket volume is to the temporary water dash low bank between fields on roadbed upper strata, the vegetable fiber blanket volume timber do not launched is fixed on domatic top, fixing to the vegetable fiber blanket U-iron nail launching to complete, in order to expand stress surface, push down the cross one another waddy of two joints or wooden chopsticks with U-iron nail, be firmly secured on the tight soil of consolidation, be positioned at face toe vegetable fiber blanket should lay and extend in the plane of face toe, make whole vegetable fiber blanket be adjacent to soil and show and be half tensioned state, avoid appearance unsettled, the maintenance of vegetable fiber blanket blanket face is smooth, there is no buckling phenomena, should overlapping overlap joint in two vegetable fiber blanket junctions, sprawl fixing vegetable fiber blanket laying method with unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method in described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, but only need once sprawl fixing.
5. the vegetable fiber blanket that utilizes according to claims 4 carries out the method for slope vegetation protection, it is characterized in that described vegetable fiber blanket volume and dash low bank between fields, Polypropylence Sheet or film should be adopted to cover with described dash low bank between fields the vegetable fiber blanket volume described in not launching, prevent rainwater from drenching blanket volume or washing away dash low bank between fields.
6. a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 4, is characterized in that described can employing at vegetable fiber blanket surface sowing plant seed is broadcasted sowing and sowed grass seeds by duster; Plant seed after planting, the dash low bank between fields form upper strata planting soil and the soil of rib spread to entirely domatic, make the soil of tapetum fibrosum surface coverage one deck 1-2cm, play and prevent seed by birds, and make the object that seed and soil fully contact, make real with spades after earthing, topsoil, vegetable fiber blanket, lower soil are closely linked.
7. adopt a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection in claim 1-4 described in any one, it is characterized in that the vegetable fiber blanket used in wherein said described shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method is by seed or seed and soil, the complete mix of organic substrate material together, and be worked among vegetable fiber blanket interlayer, again this had seed or seed and soil, the vegetable fiber blanket of organic substrate material directly disposable sprawl be fixed to domatic on, and then carry out normal maintenance work, grow completely until grass is filled with and cover earth's surface, in lay fixation procedure, should lay from top to bottom.
8. a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 8, it is characterized in that wherein said have seed or seed and soil, organic substrate material vegetable fiber blanket directly disposable sprawling be fixed to domatic rear cuttage shrub or plant shrub seedling.
9. carry out the method for slope vegetation protection according to the vegetable fiber blanket that utilizes in claim 1-4 described in any one, it is characterized in that first sowing plant seed in wherein said shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method, then cover and fix vegetable fiber blanket ordinal position exchange, namely first carry out covering and fixing vegetable fiber blanket, then sow plant seed.
10. a kind of method utilizing vegetable fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that sprawling on roadbed side slope in fixing vegetable fiber blanket overwrite procedure, the time of filling layer utilizing roadbed different, space parallax, be nested in the draft and shrub seeds sowed with design on blanket under different time node, different domatic positions, vegetable fiber blanket, realize the object of the Vegetation community that regulating plant tapetum fibrosum builds up, its concrete grammar is as follows:
In described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, after the dash low bank between fields completing every layer of roadbed, this layer of roadbed side slope filled broadcasts sowing grass-seed, successively grass-seed is broadcasted sowing when completing last layer roadbed making, vegetable fiber blanket sprawl fixing all complete after, shrub seeds or grass filling mixed seeding seed is broadcasted sowing on vegetable fiber blanket, shrub seeds is made to emerge not by the impact that vegetable fiber blanket covers, avoid itself and herbal competition simultaneously, finally play the object realizing shrub and build up smoothly; Or the roadbed side slope to have filled in bottom broadcasts sowing shrub, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing after the upper subbase near design height completes, thus make shrub more integrated distribution in domatic middle and lower part, upper strata then distributes short herbosa, make the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance, again can not be too high because of domatic upper part plant growth, affect the effect of highway driving sight line.
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