CN102379201A - Method of quick restoration of vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Method of quick restoration of vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN102379201A CN102379201A CN2011102640653A CN201110264065A CN102379201A CN 102379201 A CN102379201 A CN 102379201A CN 2011102640653 A CN2011102640653 A CN 2011102640653A CN 201110264065 A CN201110264065 A CN 201110264065A CN 102379201 A CN102379201 A CN 102379201A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of quick restoration of vegetation in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises firstly, determining geological conditions of the hydro-fluctuation belt to be restored and selecting different restoration methods according to soil conditions of different areas, secondly, leveling the areas, namely clearing protrusions in the areas to be restored as far as possible to level the areas, thirdly, collecting Bermuda grass, namely collecting the Bermuda grass in the local hydro-fluctuation belt area as far as possible, fourthly, charging a mixture of adhesive, water retaining agent and fibers into a hydraulic spraying machine prior to mixing, then charging creeping stems of the collected Bermuda grasses and seeds of tall fescue into the machine prior to mixing and finally evenly spraying the creeping stems and the seeds to a slope, and fifthly, performing early maintenance, namely covering with nonwoven intermediately and frequently watering to guarantee sufficient water for germination. The method is simple, convenient in operation and low cost, achieves evident restoration effect of the vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt, and has better environmental, social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of the different area revegetations in Reservoir Area falling zone, is exactly the vegetation that a kind of method that combines with RESTORATION ECOLOGY and ecological engineering science is recovered the area, falling zone more specifically, is fit to the recovery of reservoir and falling zone, lake vegetation.
Background technology
The technology of sowing grass seeds by duster is a kind of geotechnical slope that rate of decay is higher and new technique of native horsestone greening side slope of being applicable to.It utilize special spraying machine with organic substrates such as grass seeds, water-loss reducer be ejected into domatic on, organic material under the effect of pressure with domatic combining closely, form the hypothallus that one deck can supply growth and development of plants.
The three-dimension vegetative net bank protection is meant and utilizes active plant and combine engineering material such as geosynthetics, makes up a guard system with self growing ability on domatic, a new technology of side slope being reinforced through the growth of plant.
The breeding of Bermuda grass can be adopted the rhizome breeding method; Concrete operations are the segments that the stolon of Bermuda grass are cut into 4-5cm, with cut grass blade evenly be spread on the whole good level ground bed, cover the compacting of thin layer fine earth then; Water permeable; Keep ground moistening, can grow stolon about 20 days, fast rapid-result level ground.
To the sow grass seeds by duster rhizome breeding method of technology, three-dimension vegetative net technology and Bermuda grass of the present invention combines; Falling zone, Three Gorges part geotechnical slope and native horsestone side slope can be solved and can't the ecosystem of reservoir drawdown band can be rebuild and recover again with the problem of conventional method recovery.Has the function of improving the riverbank view, reducing water and soil loss, absorption poisonous and harmful substance and purified water source.Has the effect that improves stream bank stability property, absorbs nutriment in the water in the phase of flooding; After water level fell after rise, because advantage such as its aggressiveness, reviviscence and anti-adverse environment be very competent can be accomplished the covering to the reservoir drawdown band rapidly, all contaminations and nutritive salt in the interception rainwash reduced warehouse-in nutritive salt amount; Plant such as Bermuda grass and Festuca Arundinacea can reduce the content of nutritive salt in the soil at growing period in addition, thereby reduces the amount of the various nutritive salt that the falling zone discharges in water body between the high water level soak period, solves the problem of body eutrophication from the source.Finally reach the effectiveness of recovering and rebuilding the large reservoir falling zone and the Riparian Zone ecosystem, have broad application prospects and environmental benefit preferably.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method of reservoir drawdown band quick recovering vegetation, method is easy, easy to operate, cost is low, and the effect of falling zone revegetation is fairly obvious, has higher environment, society and economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
After 2013, become nonvolatil flooding area below the Three Gorges Reservoir 145m, but the part of the above vertical 30m of 145m elevation is soaked into receive current seasonally.Mostly storehouse, Three Gorges bank is residual outwash, is loose accumulation body, because of the increase of water content will reduce its stability, causes the increase of geological disasters such as avalanche, landslide.Thereby the up-down of water level causes doing the wet expansion that causes rock soil mass that changes, and cause the storehouse bank unbalance, and conventional method for recovering vegetation can't achieve the goal fast.The applicant uses the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster for this reason; The rhizome breeding method way of combining of three-dimension vegetative net and Bermuda grass; Can recover to have the vegetation in soil zone, can solve the difficult problem of falling zone part geotechnical slope and native horsestone slope vegetation restoration again, make the falling zone covered by vegetation fast.
Increase vegetation and cover, the root system of plant is rock soil mass fixedly, and branches and leaves can be tackled rainwater, reduces rainwater dashing of ground spattered.Vegetation can also partly reduce the impact of wave to the storehouse bank, and these can both reduce the harmful effect of current to the storehouse bank, thereby has strengthened the stability of storehouse bank.Locality rainy season; The applicant selects on the other vacant lot of Xiang Xi riverbank, carries out reproduction test with the stolon of collected Bermuda grass, about a week after; Observe the growing state of Bermuda grass, its growing state obviously is better than under the same terms the Bermuda grass with seminal propagation.
Technical thought of the present invention is: the area different according to the falling zone, reservoir area of Three Gorges, select suitable way.For geotechnical slope and native horsestone side slope, the technology that the applicant adopts technology of sowing grass seeds by duster and rhizome breeding method to combine; The three-dimension vegetative net technology is adopted in remaining area.
A kind of method of reservoir drawdown band quick recovering vegetation the steps include:
1. the judgement of areal geology: judge that institute will recover the geological condition in zone, from following two kinds of methods, select a kind of revegetation way of suitable locality: geotechnical slope is native horsestone side slope perhaps, takes the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea; The method of three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea is adopted in all the other zones.
2. near the collection of Bermuda grass: collection reservoir height above sea level 150m place in summer Bermuda grass of 3-5 of having grown; The method of collecting: with reaping hook apart from ground the 4-5cm place; Bermuda grass in the selected zone is all cut off; This collection method has kept the rhizome of a part of Bermuda grass, makes that the Bermuda grass in the former zone still can recover through two months growth.
3. for the soil zone is arranged in the falling zone, the method for employing three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea (all directly purchase from market, and the material of three dimensional network is a polyethylene, and wide is 6m by three dimensional network and tall fescue seed; The germination rate of tall fescue seed is 96%):
3.1 put in order domatic: rubbish, boulder on the removing falling zone is domatic pull up weeds.The importance of this step is to plant provides better growing conditions, guarantees that the rhizosphere layer should help the growth of root.Conditions permit can be carried out suitable cultivated pine to domatic.
3.2 sowing: will pass through tall fescue seed that vernalization handles be dispersed in uniformly domatic on, and the stolon of collected Bermuda grass is stretching, be tiled in domatic on.
3.3 lid three dimensional network: take advantage of a situation and spread, should allow net as far as possible and the attached consolidation of domatic card during lapping, prevent unsettledly, should keep smooth in the time of laying, laterally fix with No. 6 iron wires.
3.4 the earthing management: near the soil getting covers, and guarantees that earth thickness is not less than 1cm on the three-dimension vegetative net, compacting gently.
3.5 daily management: during arid; In morning 6:00-10:00 or afternoon 3:00-6:00 water; Guarantee to have sufficient moisture in the soil, help the generation (joint of Bermuda grass stolon under the suitable situation of condition generation adventive root) downwards of adventive root of sprouting and the Bermuda grass of tall fescue seed.
4. geotechnical slope or native horsestone side slope, adopt the way of technology (way that the slope of highway revegetation is used always the)+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea of sowing grass seeds by duster:
4.1 it is smooth domatic: as to remove the domatic foreign material such as big stone, tree root, plastics of.
4.2 in spray seeder, add entry 3-4L/m successively
2, greening is sowed grass seeds by duster, and (name of product is water-loss reducer: the greening water-loss reducer of sowing grass seeds by duster.Main component is potassium base acrylamide/acrylic acid, purchases the chemical industry Co., Ltd in Renqiu City North China) 5g/m
2Add the Bermuda grass stolon 800g/m that is about 4-6cm that has cut behind the mixing
2Seed 20g/m with Festuca Arundinacea
2Mix thoroughly, the adding greening is sowed grass seeds by duster in spray seeder at last, and (name of product is adhesive: afforest the adhesive of sowing grass seeds by duster.Be the water-soluble organic soil conditioner that a kind of high molecular polymerization forms, purchase chemical industry Co., Ltd in Renqiu City North China) 2g/m
2With fiber 90g/m
2Mix thoroughly, be sprayed at equably subsequently domatic on, the thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 2-3cm.
4.3 lid nonwoven: after having sowed grass seeds by duster, cover nonwoven immediately, divide evaporation too fast and buffering rainwater washing away to side slope to prevent water.
4.4 initial management: when arid appears continuously in weather, tackle domatic water seasoning.Be chosen in local rainy season the best season of sowing grass seeds by duster, this moment, temperature was more suitable, and construction cost is lower, and turf grass growing time is fast.
4.5 when treating that seedling grows to 6-7cm, take nonwoven off, in order to avoid the growth of its influence grass.
What described water-loss reducer used is super absorbent resin, and it is the strong especially functional high molecule material of a kind of water absorbing capacity.Nontoxic, release water, suction repeatedly, therefore agricultural goes up people and likens it in " miniature reservoir ".Simultaneously, it can also absorb fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, also slowly discharge, and increases fertilizer efficiency, drug effect.Super absorbent resin is widely used in agricultural, forestry, gardening, construction material; Can be widely used in petrochemical industry, cable, papermaking, sensor, fire extinguishing appliance, fibre, cosmetics, food fresh keeping, expansion toy etc. in industrial aspect.
Described adhesive is mainly used in greening side slope or other soil structure improved addictive, can make soil form granular structure, reaches the effect of soil moisture conservation.Simultaneously, can strengthen the water penetration of soil, prevent the soil erosion that rainwash causes, improve soil permeability power, guarantor's soil is protected fertile, alleviates and the adjusting soil water evaporation, lets plant better grow.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1. the reproduction speed of Festuca Arundinacea is fast, and root system is very flourishing, and root system combines each other closely, Gu native effect is fairly obvious.The net muscle of the root system of Festuca Arundinacea and three dimensional network links together, and forms a plate structure, thereby increases the tensile strength and the shearing strength of overcoat.
2. be the rhizome propagation method of Bermuda grass owing to what adopt, its growth rate obviously faster than the propagation method of seed, can become the level ground about 40 days.The growth rate of stolon reaches as high as 1.4cm/ days, can cover institute's planting area fast, and the Bermuda grass that the reservoir area collected in addition is anti-flooding very, even the water logging of process some months can recover growth immediately after water level falls after rise.
3. suit measures to local conditions, adopt different ways, solved the difficult problem of the revegetation of falling zone all kinds side slope according to different landform.
4. the process of growth of Bermuda grass and Festuca Arundinacea needs a large amount of nutriments, and most nutriment derives from soil, can reduce nutriment in the soil through the plantation Bermuda grass, reduces soil discharges nutritive salt between highstand content.
5. the stolon of Festuca Arundinacea and Bermuda grass can cover the area, falling zone of being exposed after water level falls after rise fast, can effectively tackle all contaminations, reduces the warehouse-in amount of pollutant.
6. RESTORATION ECOLOGY and ecological engineering science are combined, give full play to both strong points, realize having complementary advantages.The insurmountable problem of conventional method for recovering vegetation can be solved to a certain extent, also the covering of falling zone vegetation can be realized apace.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In Xiang Xi river, tributary, reservoir area of Three Gorges, Yichang City, Hubei Province, select typical falling zone to carry out the revegetation demonstration.A kind of method of reservoir drawdown band quick recovering vegetation the steps include:
1. the selection in zone: bank is sought typical falling zone and is carried out experiment in Xiang Xi river bank, tributary, reservoir area of Three Gorges, and the selected experimental field area of this experiment is about 2700m
2, wherein the area of geotechnical slope is about 1000m
2, it is 1700m that the area in soil zone is arranged
2, the average gradient of pilot region is about 35 °.Geotechnical slope or native horsestone side slope are taked the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea; There is the soil zone to adopt the method for three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea.
2. the collection of Bermuda grass: because after reservoir level falls after rise, Bermuda grass surfaces and just begins to recover growth after a period of time.The applicant is in about May 22; It is the square area of 50cm*50cm that three areas are selected in the area that covers with Bermuda grass on the opposite bank of pilot region at random; All 4-5cm cuts off apart from ground with Bermuda grass, takes back the laboratory and claims weight in wet base, and recording average ground biomass is 1.45kg/m
2Concrete operation measure is: the about 1500m in zone that selected Bermuda grass to grow fine May 28
2, adopt hand harvest's mode, with reaping hook apart from ground the 4-5cm place, the Bermuda grass in the selected zone is all cut off.The advantage of this way is: kept the part stolon of Bermuda grass, guaranteed that it can recover original appearance rapidly in the growth busy season.
3. the soil zone is arranged in the falling zone, adopts the method for three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea:
3.1 put in order domatic: fall rubbish clearly and weed out the rank grass, the importance of this step is to plant provides better growing conditions, guarantees that the rhizosphere layer should help the growth of root.Conditions permit can be carried out suitable cultivated pine to domatic.
3.2 sowing: will pass through tall fescue seed that vernalization handles be dispersed in uniformly domatic on, and the stolon of collected Bermuda grass is stretching, be tiled in domatic on.
3.3 lid three dimensional network: take advantage of a situation and spread, should allow net as far as possible and the attached consolidation of domatic card during lapping, prevent unsettledly, should keep smooth in the time of laying, laterally fix with No. 6 iron wires
3.4 the earthing management: near the soil getting covers, and guarantees that earth thickness is not less than 1cm on the three-dimension vegetative net, then compacting gently.
3.5 daily management: sooner or later water more, guarantee to have sufficient moisture in the soil, help the sprouting of tall fescue seed and the adventive root of Bermuda grass and generate.
4. geotechnical slope or native horsestone side slope, adopt the way of the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea:
4.1 it is smooth domatic: as to remove the domatic foreign material such as big stone, tree root, plastics of.
4.2 in spray seeder, add entry 3-4L/m successively
2, water-loss reducer 5g/m
2Add the Bermuda grass stolon 800g/m about 5cm that is about that has cut behind the mixing
2Seed 20g/m with Festuca Arundinacea
2Mix thoroughly, in spray seeder, add adhesive 2g/m at last
2With fiber 90g/m
2Mix thoroughly, be sprayed at equably subsequently domatic on, the thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 2-3cm.
4.3 lid nonwoven: after having sowed grass seeds by duster, cover nonwoven immediately, divide evaporation too fast and buffering rainwater washing away to side slope to prevent water.
4.4 initial management: when arid appears continuously in weather, tackle domatic water seasoning.Be chosen in local rainy season the best season of sowing grass seeds by duster, this moment, temperature was more suitable, and construction cost is lower, and turf grass growing time is fast.
4.5 when treating that seedling grows to 6-7cm, take nonwoven off, in order to avoid the growth of its influence grass.
Case effect
After 20 days, the coverage rate of Festuca Arundinacea has reached about 60%, and plant strain growth is all right, and presents normal green.The adventive root of Bermuda grass generates in addition, and axillalry bud begins to form aerial shoot on the joint, and begins to grow new stolon, and after 40 days, vegetation coverage is near 100%.About 10 weeks, the experimental result that the rainwash that carries out is collected shows: the silt interception efficient of the experimental group of plantation Festuca Arundinacea and Bermuda grass is 12.35 times of vacant lot (control group).Find through comparative trial ground group and vacant lot (control group): because the very prosperity of the root system of Festuca Arundinacea, and the root system between the plant tends to weave in, Gu native effect is fairly obvious.When even root pulls up Festuca Arundinacea, find that the solid soil amount of its root system is 2-3 times of Festuca Arundinacea biomass approximately.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a reservoir drawdown band quick recovering vegetation the steps include:
The judgement of A, areal geology: judge that institute will recover the geological condition in zone, from following two kinds of ways, select a kind of revegetation way: geotechnical slope is native horsestone side slope perhaps, takes the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea; The method of three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea is adopted in all the other zones;
The collection of B, Bermuda grass: collect the Bermuda grass of the 3-5 that grown summer at reservoir height above sea level 150m place; The method of collecting: the usefulness reaping hook is the 4-5cm place apart from ground; Bermuda grass in the selected zone is all cut off; Collection method has kept the rhizome of a part of Bermuda grass, makes Bermuda grass in the former zone through two months growth recovery;
C, regional for soil is arranged in the falling zone, the method for employing three dimensional network+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea:
A) arrangement is domatic: rubbish, stone on the removing falling zone is domatic pull up weeds;
B) sowing: will pass through tall fescue seed that vernalization handles be dispersed in uniformly domatic on, and the stolon of collected Bermuda grass is stretching, be tiled in domatic on;
C) lid three dimensional network: take advantage of a situation and spread, let net and domatic card attach consolidation during lapping, prevent unsettled, in the time of laying maintenance smooth, laterally fix with iron wire;
D) earthing management: near the soil getting covers, and guarantees that earth thickness is not less than 1cm on the three-dimension vegetative net, compacting;
E) management: when arid, in morning 6:00-10:00 or afternoon 3:00-6:00 water, guaranteeing has moisture in the soil;
D, geotechnical slope or native horsestone side slope, the way of the employing technology of sowing grass seeds by duster+Bermuda grass rhizome+Festuca Arundinacea:
A) smooth domatic: as to remove domatic big stone, tree root, the plastics foreign material of;
B) in spray seeder, add entry 3-4L/m successively
2, the greening water-loss reducer 5g/m that sows grass seeds by duster
2Add the Bermuda grass stolon 800g/m that is about 46cm that has cut behind the mixing
2Seed 20g/m with Festuca Arundinacea
2Mix thoroughly, in spray seeder, add at last and afforest the adhesive 2g/m that sows grass seeds by duster
2With fiber 90g/m
2Mix thoroughly, be sprayed at equably domatic on, the thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster is 2-3cm;
C) lid nonwoven: after having sowed grass seeds by duster, cover nonwoven;
D) management: when arid appears continuously in weather,, be chosen in rainy season the season of sowing grass seeds by duster to domatic water seasoning;
When e) treating that seedling grows to 6-7cm, take nonwoven off.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN102742432A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for no-tillage plantation of grassland in water-level-fluctuating zone |
| CN103053301A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-04-24 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Barren mountain greening technology |
| CN103669289A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-03-26 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | Littoral zone plant dike dam suitable for flowing water body and construction method of littoral zone plant dike dam |
| CN104509411A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | Method for planting plant at terrestrial-aquatic transverse zone of river bank |
| CN105052457A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for repairing reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by use of bermuda grass |
| CN105123212A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets |
| CN107517727A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2017-12-29 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | A kind of plateau vegetation remediation composition and the method for recovering vegetation of highlands |
| CN111636444A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-08 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Water and soil conservation method for side slope in high-altitude area |
| CN113455306A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-01 | 中煤科工集团北京土地整治与生态修复科技研究院有限公司 | Vegetation greening method |
| CN114467403A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Mountain greening method for quarry |
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| CN102742432B (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for no-tillage plantation of grassland in water-level-fluctuating zone |
| CN102742432A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for no-tillage plantation of grassland in water-level-fluctuating zone |
| CN103053301B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-10-01 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Barren mountain greening technology |
| CN103053301A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-04-24 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Barren mountain greening technology |
| CN103669289B (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2016-01-27 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | A kind of littoral zone plant bank protection of applicable current water and construction method thereof |
| CN103669289A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-03-26 | 广东四季景山园林建设有限公司 | Littoral zone plant dike dam suitable for flowing water body and construction method of littoral zone plant dike dam |
| CN104509411A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | Method for planting plant at terrestrial-aquatic transverse zone of river bank |
| CN104509411B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-02-22 | 北京林业大学 | Method for planting plant at terrestrial-aquatic transverse zone of river bank |
| CN105052457A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for repairing reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by use of bermuda grass |
| CN105123212A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Method for protecting slope vegetation through plant fiber blankets |
| CN105123212B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-05-15 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket |
| CN107517727A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2017-12-29 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | A kind of plateau vegetation remediation composition and the method for recovering vegetation of highlands |
| CN107517727B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-03-06 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | Plateau vegetation restoration composition and plateau area vegetation restoration method |
| CN111636444A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-08 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Water and soil conservation method for side slope in high-altitude area |
| CN113455306A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-01 | 中煤科工集团北京土地整治与生态修复科技研究院有限公司 | Vegetation greening method |
| CN114467403A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Mountain greening method for quarry |
| CN114467403B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-05-05 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Method for restoring mountain green in quarry |
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