CN105123212B - A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket - Google Patents
A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123212B CN105123212B CN201510543080.XA CN201510543080A CN105123212B CN 105123212 B CN105123212 B CN 105123212B CN 201510543080 A CN201510543080 A CN 201510543080A CN 105123212 B CN105123212 B CN 105123212B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a kind of a kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket suitable for the protection of construction time fill subgrade side slope, successively sprawled and fixed vegetable fiber blanket using successively filling roadbed for unshaped side slope, after whole roadbed filling and vegetable fiber blanket covering to be done vegetable seeds is sowed on vegetable fiber blanket surface again, thin soil is covered, water seasoning builds up vegetation；Used for shaping side slope in full slope surface sowing grass-seed, then cover vegetable fiber blanket and conserve and build up vegetation, by the above method, can reach and afforest slope surface, effectively control construction time soil erosion, the effectiveness of enhancing construction time side slope protection as early as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slope of highway biological protection method in highway slope protection field, more particularly to a kind of profit
The method that slope vegetation protection is carried out with vegetable fiber blanket.
Background technology
The bringing soil erosion under control of highway subgrade slope is always the emphasis and difficult point of highway construction environmental protection concern, is applied
Duration soil disturbance scope is big, and soil property is loose, and China is many local there are the characteristics of construction time and the rain heat same period, this is objective
Cause that the soil erosion modulus of construction time is very huge in sight, frequently can lead to the huge broken of periphery farm irrigation facility
It is bad, cause the soil that rivers, Hu Ku are just lost in a short time to deposit, seriously affect the hair of all kinds of water conservancy projects functions
Wave.Therefore, the administrative department such as Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Department of Transportation all attaches great importance to the environmental protection of construction time and water protects work
Make, but how to promote environment-protective water guarantor to be operated in highway construction and be usually faced with many real difficulties.
By taking the water-and-soil conservation measures of highway subgrade embankment side slope construction as an example, in order to avoid the waste of vegetation recovery engineering,
The cross jamming that civil engineering protects engineering construction with ring water is reduced, is all often just to carry out slope after highway bed construction is completed
The construction of face engineering measures of soil and water conservation, plant measures, these measures competence exertion can only act on after construction terminates again,
The ring soil erosion management of construction time is usually faced with vacuum.Especially build highway, even more face such in the vast region of no relief in China
Problem.
Foreign countries start to walk in this respect compared with it is early, attention dynamics is larger, and have relevant administration means, legal system, program rule
Model supports, it mainly emphasizes the stringent control for the side slope exposed time, and by all kinds of Storm Water Management measures, such as trackside
Sedimentation basin, under ooze pond, volatilization pond etc., the domain runoff that satisfies the need is intercepted, and silt is precipitated.And what the country promoted in this respect
Technology is few, mainly by setting debris retaining wall, and clears up affected Reservoir region mud after construction of the highway terminates, dredges
The methods of logical river, the method for not having specification may be referred to normal form.
For a long time, highway vegetation repair recovers to build often just carries out after slope surface is fully formed, and the construction time builds
Vegetation often be provisional vegetation prevent erosion, cleared up again after construction, this also result in greatly
Waste.
In recent years, relevant device is introduced from abroad in some enterprises of China, starts to produce vegetable fiber blanket, so as to start profit
Slope vegetation greening is carried out with vegetable fiber blanket, vegetable fiber blanket is to utilize the natural plant fiber materials such as shredded coconut meat, stalk, and can
The material such as mixed plant seed, fertilizer, soil as needed, makes these materials disposably be pressed into by specific mechanical equipment
Blanket, the blanket by double-deck netting wrapped folder for forming specific thicknesses are rolled up.It is with rapid construction, prevention soil and water loss, fast greening, anti-
The advantages that dirt, degradable ecology.There are many prominent functions in terms of side slope vegetation reparation, realize be factory produced at home
Afterwards, promote rapidly and open on the Beijing in China, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places, and be widely used in abandoned mine and administer, is public
During road slope-protecting vegetation recovers.In engineering practice, the plant society needed is first sowed in slope surface, then blanket is covered in slope surface,
Soil erosion is taken precautions against, while bridging effect is provided for plant emergence and growth.But at present using vegetable fiber blanket still have with
Lower problem：
1st, result of the test shows, the covering of vegetable fiber blanket can cause the emergence of draft and xylophyta a degree of
Inhibition.Emergence and growth of the vegetable fiber blanket for dicotyledonous shrub can produce stronger compared with the gramineous grass for needle
Inhibition.
2nd, after slope of highway vegetation builds up, the vegetation built on the upside of slope surface usually can intervene row since growth is excessive
Car sight, influences highway driving safety, more energy is for this often put into highway maintenance carries out the tall plants of upward slope position and repair
Cut and cleaning work.
3rd, in highway subgrade construction work progress, heavy rain or even rainstorm weather are usually faced, this not only causes slope surface huge
Soil erosion destroy, and since the rainwater on road surface of formation collecting in a large amount of of slope surface, often further increase slope surface
Wash away, cause the workload that slope surface fills repairing larger.
4th, in the maintenance processes of highway subgrade vegetation, usually it is faced with the soil and water conservation benefit for farthest playing vegetation
To the contradiction between the interference effect for sight of driving a vehicle, especially in the case where full slope surface is uniformly afforested, vegetation is uniform with preventing vegetation
Though degree is preferable, taller and bigger shrub vegetation is distributed in upper strata undoubtedly can cause larger interference to driving；Sowing Mixture effect
What the keen competition of middle draft often resulted in shrub again builds up failure, the lasting effect of vegetation is affected.
5th, in the maintenance processes of highway subgrade vegetation, usually it is faced with the soil and water conservation benefit for farthest playing vegetation
To the contradiction between the interference effect for sight of driving a vehicle, especially in the case where full slope surface is uniformly afforested, vegetation is uniform with preventing vegetation
Though degree is preferable, taller and bigger shrub vegetation is distributed in upper strata undoubtedly can cause larger interference to driving；Sowing Mixture effect
What the keen competition of middle draft often resulted in shrub again builds up failure, the lasting effect of vegetation is affected.
6th, vegetable fiber blanket is when carrying out slope vegetation greening, generally as a kind of covering material, i.e., after slope surface shaping,
Flatten again, sow seed, repave exhibition vegetable fiber blanket and carry out slope surface covering, lawn is built up until vegetation grows completely.It is this to apply
The shortcomings that work technique is：
(1) lid vegetable fiber blanket is repaved after slope surface is fully formed, lacks the safeguard procedures during filling to slope surface, from
And construction time side slope is had a great influence by rainfall erosion, eolian erosion, soil loss on slope land is more, influences stability of slope；At the same time
Dust from construction sites also easily occurs, influences ambient air quality.
(2) since needs first sow seed in slope surface, then tapetum fibrosum is covered, and seed sows needs in the suitable of plant growth
It should carry out in season, this causes the covering of vegetable fiber blanket to be also adapted to the season of greening to carry out, so that afforestation project
Construction operation progress concentrate on the Growing season of suitable for plant and carry out, cause to overwork, construction efficiency reduces, while is also unfavorable for matter
The management and control of amount.
(3) emergence growth of the feltwork formed by shredded coconut meat, straw straw due to vegetable fiber blanket to shrub seed
With certain inhibition, when seed is only sowed under vegetable fiber blanket, tapetum fibrosum can produce certain shadow to building up for shrub
Ring.
(4) draining of the operation of vegetable fiber blanket slope protection greening and major project construction, block soil, block the designs such as water disconnection, cause
Make pavement construction healthy water, work materials be easy to roll down to slope surface, influence the growth result of slope vegetation；Meanwhile in rainy season, and also
Have road surface drainage it is direct under let out and wash away slope surface, and soil under vegetable fiber blanket is washed in a pan into sky, influences slope vegetation protection effect.For this
Situation, the designer of the present invention practical experience and professional knowledge abundant for many years based on such product design manufacture is engaged in, and coordinate
The utilization of scientific principle, is actively subject to research and innovation, seeks a kind of roadbed filling construction method of environment-friendly type, reduces apply to greatest extent
Duration soil erosion, builds up optimal Vegetation community type, and constantly studies, design, is perfect and anti-in practice
After multiple improvement is improved, a kind of side that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket in perfect subgrade construction is proposed finally
Method.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to, overcome existing vegetable fiber blanket slope protection greening method there are the defects of, and carry
For a kind of a kind of new method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, the technical problem to be solved is that make its side
Slope is stable, water and soil conservation is good, is very suitable for practicality.
Another object of the present invention is to, there is provided it is a kind of new a kind of to carry out slope vegetation protection using vegetable fiber blanket
Method, the technical problem to be solved is that enabling its one side to carry out construction in annual each season, in the non-of plant
The season of growth, by the way of first vegetable fiber blanket is covered, real-time protection is provided for slope surface, is truly realized " loess not face day "；
It is suitable for the season of plant growth in rain heat condition, then operation is sowed grass seeds by duster or broadcasted sowing on vegetable fiber blanket surface, so that engineering
Progress can effectively be distributed in each season, be conducive to construction quality, progress control control, thus more suitable for practicality.
The a further object of the present invention is, there is provided a kind of new a kind of to carry out slope vegetation protection using vegetable fiber blanket
Method, it can fill one layer of roadbed, covering and afforest one layer of side slope, and the technical problem to be solved is that can be in roadbed
During filling also can the vegetation of planting in real time, and by above side slope roadbed side set water blocking low bank between fields, slope surface set longitudinal direction
Interim chute, effectively excludes rainwater on road surface to reach, prevents pavement runoff from being washed away caused by slope surface, while avoid road surface from applying
Work healthy water, work materials pollute slope surface, the effective greening and beautification of slope surface are realized, so that during roadbed filling
Comprehensive, overall process side slope protection is provided, thus more suitable for practicality.
New a kind of slope vegetation protection is carried out it is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of using vegetable fiber blanket
Method, it can select to broadcast sowing grass-seed below vegetable fiber blanket, and shrub is broadcasted sowing above the vegetable fiber blanket completed, also can be
Different roadbed filling layers broadcast sowing draft and shrub respectively, and the technical problem to be solved is that the shrub seeds broadcasted sowing above making not
It can be hindered be subject to vegetable fiber blanket fibrous layer, or avoid draft with shrub in keen competition caused by the sowing of same layer, so that
Beneficial to building up for shrub, the short-term effect of vegetation and the unification of long-range effect are realized, thus more suitable for practicality, and there is industry
On utility value.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems is realized using following technical scheme.Itd is proposed according to the present invention
It is a kind of suitable for fill subgrade side slope protection it is a kind of using vegetable fiber blanket carry out slope vegetation protection method, be to fill out
Square roadbed side slope is divided into two classes, and one type is to have completed the shaping side slope of roadbed filling, and another kind of is not complete roadbed to fill out
The unshaped side slope built, unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method use is successively filling roadbed successively to sprawl and fixes
Vegetable fiber blanket, plant species is sowed after whole roadbed filling and vegetable fiber blanket covering to be done on vegetable fiber blanket surface again
Son, covers thin soil, and water seasoning builds up vegetation；The shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method is using full slope surface sowing grass
Seed, then cover vegetable fiber blanket and conserve and build up vegetation.By the above method, it can reach and afforest slope surface as early as possible, effectively control is applied
Duration soil erosion, the effectiveness for strengthening construction time side slope protection.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the unshaped Slope
In the vegetative protection method of face, multiple chutes should be longitudinally laid along slope surface on the bottom roadbed side slope filled, those
The laying spacing of chute and spacing of the position with reference to the permanent chute of roadbed and position, plastic covering cloth in those chutes
Or film prevents that maceration steeps lower soil under flowing water in groove, leads directly to the road bed filled, to concentrate road surface on the upside of those chutes
Runoff, construction healthy water, discharge it roadbed, prevent from polluting and washing away caused by slope surface；Directly exist in the rare area of rainfall
Vegetable fiber blanket is laid in chute, it is described to shape in side slope surface vegetative protection method, it is same that slope surface chute is set.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the unshaped Slope
In the vegetative protection method of face, the interim water blocking of roadbed should be set when filling each layer of roadbed in the one or both sides of this layer of roadbed
Low bank between fields, to prevent roadway storm runoff from, to causing to wash away under blanket, washing in a pan soil under sky blanket, while be also prevented from the soil body in upper subbase construction
Glide and cover slope surface, which is the earth ridge filled, the earth ridge high 30cm, top width 30cm, the gradient 1：1.5, in the earth ridge
Fall native roller compaction construction for side, reduces water body and permeates the earth ridge, while the earth ridge is reduced close to roadbed side slope side also plastic covering cloth
Oozed under current, while the earth ridge may also function as guiding flow action, current is directed in the chute of slope surface setting；It is described into
It is same that water blocking low bank between fields is set in type side slope surface vegetative protection method.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the unshaped Slope
In the vegetative protection method of face, it is according to slope surface that the successively making roadbed successively sprawls fixed vegetable fiber blanket paving in slope surface
Design length, determines the Cutting Length of vegetable fiber blanket volume, and considers that the length that covers of slope foot and top of the slope platform is respectively not less than
20cm, sprawls first smooth good slope surface, and ensure that Soil Slope possesses certain degree of packing before the vegetable fiber blanket, by plant fiber
Blanket volume is unfolded from the bottom to top, and ensures that it is fitted closely with Soil Slope；When the vegetable fiber blanket roll up it is interim to roadbed upper strata
When on the outside of water blocking low bank between fields, not deployed vegetable fiber blanket volume is fixed at the top of slope surface with timber, the plant fiber completed to expansion
Blanket is followed closely with U-iron and fixed, and in order to expand stress surface, is pushed down the cross one another waddy of two sections or wooden chopsticks with U-iron nail, is fixedly secured
In on the tight soil of consolidation；It should be laid with the plane for extending to face toe, make whole positioned at face toe vegetable fiber blanket
Vegetable fiber blanket is adjacent to native table and is in half tensioned state, avoids the occurrence of vacantly, and vegetable fiber blanket carpet surface keeps smooth, and corrugationless
Phenomenon；Overlapping overlap joint is answered in two vegetable fiber blanket junctions, described shape in side slope surface vegetative protection method sprawls fixation
Vegetable fiber blanket laying method only need to once sprawl fixation with unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the U-iron nail length
Depending on slope surface soil layer construction situation, U-iron nail diameter of phi >=2.5mm, the U-shaped iron nail can use the types such as round end, square toes,
Line footpath is more than 2.2mm；Single leg length is more than 6cm；The distance between 2 legs of U-shaped iron nail are more than 5cm, galvanizing surface；The U-iron
Follow closely and laid in isosceles triangle, every square metre is no less than 3, and folding at least 10cm is needed in place of the vegetable fiber blanket overlap joint
Close, if necessary encryption arrangement；For the slope surface being fully formed, when top of the slope is laid with, by its top warp and underground is embedded to
20 centimetres or so, and securely fixed with holdfast.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the vegetable fiber blanket volume
With water blocking low bank between fields, plastic cloth or film should be used to roll up the not deployed vegetable fiber blanket and covered with the water blocking low bank between fields,
Prevent rainwater from drenching blanket volume or washing away water blocking low bank between fields.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein described in vegetable fiber blanket table
Sowing vegetable seeds in face, which can use, to broadcast sowing and sows grass seeds by duster；Vegetable seeds after planting, the water blocking low bank between fields i.e. earth ridge that upper strata planting soil is formed
Soil spread to full slope surface, make tapetum fibrosum surface cover one layer of 1-2cm soil, playing prevents seed by birds, and makes
The purpose that seed and soil come into full contact with, is made real after earthing with spades, makes topsoil, vegetable fiber blanket, lower soil close
It is combined together.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the shaping side
Vegetable fiber blanket used in the slope vegetation means of defence of slope is that seed or seed and soil, organic matter substrate material is complete
Mix together, and is worked among vegetable fiber blanket interlayer, then by this with seed or seed and soil, organic matter base material material
The vegetable fiber blanket of material is directly disposably sprawled fixed in slope surface, then carries out normal maintenance work again, until sowing is complete
Total length goes out and covers earth's surface, lays in fixation procedure, preferably lays from top to bottom.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein described has seed or kind
Son is directly disposably sprawled fixed to rear cuttage shrub or plantation in slope surface with soil, the vegetable fiber blanket of organic matter substrate material
Shrub seedling.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, wherein the shaping side slope surface
Vegetable seeds is first sowed in vegetative protection method, then covers and the ordinal position of fixed vegetable fiber blanket exchanges, i.e., first carry out
Cover and fix vegetable fiber blanket, then sow vegetable seeds.
A kind of foregoing method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket, it sprawls fixation on roadbed side slope
In vegetable fiber blanket overwrite procedure, using the roadbed different time for filling layer, space parallax, different time node, no is nested in
The draft and shrub seeds sowed under slope surface position together, vegetable fiber blanket with design on blanket, realize and adjust plant fiber
The purpose for the Vegetation community that blanket is built up, its specific method are as follows：
In the unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, after the water blocking low bank between fields of every layer of roadbed is completed,
Fill and broadcast sowing grass-seed on this layer of roadbed side slope of completion, grass-seed is successively broadcasted sowing when completing last layer roadbed making, it is fine in plant
After dimension blanket sprawls fixed be fully completed, shrub seeds or sowing mixed seeding seed are broadcasted sowing above vegetable fiber blanket, makes Shrub Species
The influence that son emergence covers from vegetable fiber blanket, while itself and herbal competition are avoided, finally play and realize that shrub is suitable
The purpose that profit is built up；Or filled in lower part and shrub is broadcasted sowing on the roadbed side slope of completion, in the upper subbase close to design height
After the completion of broadcast sowing grass-seed so that shrub more integrated distribution is in the middle and lower part of slope surface, and upper strata is then distributed short herbosa,
Make the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance, and will not be excessive because of part plant growth in slope surface, influence public affairs
The effect of road driving sight.
The present invention has clear advantage and beneficial effect compared with prior art.It at least has following advantages：
(1) present invention using first cover after tapetum fibrosum sowing planting by and appropriate earthing, collective coverage after the Cheng Ping of plant
Vegetation coverage with covering tapetum fibrosum after first sowing plant has no significant floor space quality difference, therefore the present invention first apply by basis
Work progress covers side slope comprehensively using tapetum fibrosum, and slope plants fiber is fully completed after roadbed filling civil engineering construction
Blanket covers, then all unified sowing grass-seeds, and ensure vegetation builds up effect.
(2) since emergence and growth of the vegetable fiber blanket for dicotyledonous shrub can be produced compared with the gramineous grass for needle
Raw stronger inhibition, therefore the present invention takes full advantage of this growth differences of vegetable seeds, is covered in vegetable fiber blanket
It is preceding only to sow herbaceous plant seeds, shrub seeds are sowed again after vegetable fiber blanket covering；Or draft is sowed before covering with filling
Wooden seed, is supplemented a part of shrub seeds after covering, plays the role of promoting shrub to build up.
(3) this present invention utilizes roadbed placement in layers, vegetable fiber blanket layered coverage, the spy of vegetable seeds layered sowing
Point, in the arrangement of slope vegetation, the shrub seeds for growing taller and bigger are mainly sowed in lower slope, and on slope surface top only
The shorter grass family grass seeds of Seeded growth, establishes layering group, so as to realize the maintenance of minimum degree.
(4) present invention is in each layer of subgrade construction by building temporary water dash low bank between fields, or by will incomplete drawout
Vegetable fiber blanket volume be directly fixed on top of the slope, and wrap up in waterproof plastic cloth, so as to ooze work under playing effective water conservancy diversion, reducing
With the rainwater on road surface of top of the slope is led in temporary drain, can greatly reinforce the protective effect of slope surface, reduces construction time slope surface
Wash away.
(5) the present inventor makes full use of the technical characterstic of layering subgrade construction, vegetable fiber blanket covering to vegetation emergence
Effect characteristics, it is proposed that shrub is combined under draft+vegetable fiber blanket under slope shrub+upper side slope grass-seed, vegetable fiber blanket
Group's planting technique, compensate for the deficiency of the past vegetational type's planting, realize maximum ecological benefits.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention,
And can be practiced according to the content of specification, and in order to allow the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can
Become apparent, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, describe in detail as follows.
Embodiment
Further to illustrate the present invention to reach the technological means and effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below in conjunction with
Preferred embodiment, to according to a kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket proposed by the present invention, its is specific
Implementation steps, feature and its effect, describe in detail as after.
A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket of present pre-ferred embodiments, by filled-up ground
Side slope is divided into two classes, one is the shaping side slope of roadbed filling has been completed, the second is not completing the unshaped side of roadbed filling
Slope, vegetable fiber blanket is successively sprawled for unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method using successively filling roadbed, to be done complete
Portion's roadbed filling and vegetable fiber blanket are sprawled to fix sows grass-seed on vegetable fiber blanket surface again afterwards, covers thin soil, watering is foster
Shield builds up vegetation；For shaping side slope surface vegetative protection method using full slope surface sowing grass-seed, then cover vegetable fiber blanket simultaneously
Vegetation is built up in maintenance.By this method, reached and afforested slope surface, effectively control construction time soil erosion, enhancing construction as early as possible
The effectiveness of phase side slope protection.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket of preferably first embodiment of the invention, it is described
The method of unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection is to carry out every layer of roadbed filling construction the same period, same period covering vegetable fiber blanket, i.e.,
One layer of roadbed filling construction is completed, one section of vegetable fiber blanket is completed and sprawls fixed construction, supporting temporary drainage facility extension work
Make, after treating whole roadbed filling constructions, pumping equipment construction, then seed is sowed on vegetable fiber blanket surface, so that on road
Base realizes that roadbed slope builds the purpose on ecological protection basis at the same time during filling, specific steps include：
Step 1：Interim chute and overlay film are set
Multiple interim chutes, the interim urgency are longitudinally laid in the bottom roadbed side slope slope surface filled
The standard setting of the laying spacing of chute with position with reference to the permanent chute of roadbed, plastic covering cloth in the interim chute
Or film prevents that maceration steeps lower soil under flowing water in groove, which leads directly to the road bed filled, to concentrate road surface
Runoff, construction healthy water, discharge it roadbed, prevent from polluting and washing away caused by slope surface.Also can be straight in the rare area of rainfall
It is connected in chute and lays vegetable fiber blanket.
Step 2：The interim water blocking low bank between fields of roadbed is set
To prevent roadway storm runoff from, to causing to wash away under vegetable fiber blanket, emptying soil under vegetable fiber blanket blanket, at the same time
It is also prevented from the soil body in upper subbase construction and glides to cover slope surface, by during roadbed filling, in the side of each layer of roadbed
Or both sides set the interim water blocking low bank between fields of this layer of roadbed, which is earth ridge, the earth ridge high 30cm, top width 30cm,
The gradient 1：1.5, native roller compaction construction, reduction water body infiltration earth ridge, while the earth ridge is close to roadbed side slope one on the inside of the earth ridge
Side also plastic covering cloth is reduced to be oozed under current, while the earth ridge may also function as guiding flow action, and current are directed to slope surface sets
In the chute put.
Step 3：Smooth slope surface
Side slope, smooth good slope surface are repaired, and ensures that Soil Slope possesses certain degree of packing.
Step 4：Sprawl fixed slope plants tapetum fibrosum
According to slope surface design length, the Cutting Length that vegetable fiber blanket is rolled up is determined, with due regard to slope foot and top of the slope platform
Cover length and be respectively not less than 20cm, transport to construction site in rolls, Rainproof working is carried out in storage.By vegetable fiber blanket volume by down toward
Upper expansion, and ensure that it is fitted closely with Soil Slope, successively sprawl fixation.Vegetable fiber blanket is laid with roadbed most bottom bottom
When, vegetable fiber blanket should be made to extend to base plane, whole vegetable fiber blanket is adjacent to native table and is in half tensioned state, avoid out
Now hanging, vegetable fiber blanket carpet surface keeps smooth, has no buckling phenomena.The overlapping overlap joint in two blanket junctions, staple length regard slope surface
Depending on soil layer construction situation, recommend diameter of phi >=2.5mm.The vegetable fiber blanket sprawls that be fixed to will not on the outside of roadbed upper strata earth ridge
The vegetable fiber blanket blanket volume of expansion is fixed at the top of slope surface with timber, and the vegetable fiber blanket that expansion is completed is followed closely with U-iron and is fixed,
In order to expand stress surface, it can be followed closely with U-iron and push down the cross one another waddy of two sections or wooden chopsticks, be firmly secured to the tight soil of consolidation
On earth.
U-shaped iron nail is more than 2.2mm using round end, square toes type, line footpath.Single leg length is more than the distance between 6cm, two legs
It is galvanizing surface more than 5cm.
Staple is laid in isosceles triangle, and every square metre is no less than 3, and folding at least 10cm is needed in place of tapetum fibrosum overlap joint
Close, if necessary encryption arrangement.For the slope surface being fully formed, it is desirable to when top of the slope is laid with, by its top warp and be embedded to
20 centimetres or so of underground, and securely fixed with holdfast.
Step 5：Vegetable fiber blanket is rolled up and water blocking low bank between fields overlay film
Not deployed vegetable fiber blanket volume is covered with water blocking low bank between fields using plastic cloth or film, prevents rainwater from drenching blanket volume or punching
Brush water blocking low bank between fields.
Step 6：Padded base course
When the interim chute of bottom roadbed and this layer of roadbed, interim water blocking low bank between fields and vegetable fiber blanket are sprawled admittedly
After fixed, then carry out the base course making of last layer.After ridging upper subbase construction in, in order to prevent during roadbed filling on
Layer soil, which tumbles, buries built up vegetation, influences vegetation growth, needs strict implement to design Slope during roadbed raising
Degree with side slope width, reduction fill gradient width it is not in place caused by soil tumble phenomenon
Step 7：The interim chute of last layer roadbed is set
After bottom subgrade construction is completed, then build the interim torrent extended to by underlayment in last layer base course slope surface
Groove, construction method is the same as step 1.
Step 8：The interim water blocking low bank between fields of last layer roadbed is set
After bottom subgrade construction is completed, then the one or both sides progress temporary water dash low bank between fields construction of upper subbase is carried out, applied
Work method is the same as step 2.
Step 9：Repair last layer roadbed slope.The finishing of last layer roadbed slope is the same as step 3
Step 10：Sprawl the vegetable fiber blanket on fixed last layer roadbed slope
The vegetable fiber blanket of last layer roadbed slope sprawls fixed form with step 4.
Step 11：Complete last layer roadbed with water blocking low bank between fields overlay film
With step 5.
Step 12：Complete the construction of each layer subgrade drainage facilities and vegetable fiber blanket
Repeating the above steps until all base courses are filled and finished, all interim chute extension constructions of base course are completed,
The temporary water dash low bank between fields extension construction of all base courses is completed, in all base course slope surfaces vegetable fiber blanket sprawl it is fixed after, will
The superiors' blanket rolls up complete drawout, and pollution of the pavement construction to slope surface in order to prevent, still needs setting in the roadbed of the superiors
Temporary water dash low bank between fields, can combine the covering of later stage vegetable seeds, and the planting soil that selection is suitable for plant growth is covered in the superiors
Temporary water dash low bank between fields on.
Step 13：Complete permanent pumping equipment construction
After the completion of pavement construction, permanent water blocking road tooth is built on road surface, while interim interception ditch is replaced and is built
It is set as permanent chute.
Step 14：Tapetum fibrosum table scatters seeds
After the completion of step 12, carry out sowing seed immediately, then carry out full slope surface seed sowing, employed in this project
Broadcast sowing, operation of sowing grass seeds by duster, farthest realized in sowing uniform.
Purple is included using the shrub and herbaceous plant suitably grown in locality, shrub according to weather along the line and soil characteristic
Fringe Chinese scholartree, sea-buckthorn, the twigs of the chaste tree, two color shrub lespedezas, herbaceous plant has alfalfa, prairie milk vetch, Festuca Arundinacea, wheatgrass, and is mixed using sowing
The form broadcast is planted.
Step 15：Tapetum fibrosum table covers thin soil
Seed after planting, by upper strata planting soil form when the water low bank between fields i.e. soil of earth ridge is spread to full slope surface, make tapetum fibrosum table
Face covers the soil of one layer of 1-2cm, and playing prevents seed by birds, and the mesh for making vegetable seeds be come into full contact with soil
's.Made real after earthing with spades, topsoil, vegetable fiber blanket, lower soil is closely linked, so far complete vegetation
Plantation construction.
Step 16：Water seasoning.
Construct in rainless season, carry out watering operation.
After the water blocking low bank between fields of every layer of roadbed is completed, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing on this layer of roadbed side slope for having filled completion, complete
Grass-seed is successively broadcasted sowing during into last layer roadbed making, after vegetable fiber blanket sprawls fixed be fully completed, in vegetable fiber blanket
Shrub seeds or sowing mixed seeding seed are broadcasted sowing above, shrub seeds emergence is kept away at the same time from the influence of vegetable fiber blanket covering
Itself and herbal competition are opened, finally plays the purpose for realizing that shrub smoothly builds up；Or the roadbed of completion is filled in lower part
Shrub is broadcasted sowing in side slope, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing after the completion of the upper subbase close to design height, so that shrub more integrated distribution exists
The middle and lower part of slope surface, and upper strata is then distributed short herbosa, makes the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance,
Again will not be excessive because of part plant growth in slope surface, influence the effect of highway driving sight.
In the implementation of above step, the present embodiment is directed to the region of high slope length of grade 5m, in order to promote building up for shrub,
After step 2 completion, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing on the roadbed side slope for filled completion, plants configuration uses Festuca Arundinacea 10g/m2+ nothing
Awns bromegrass 5g/m2+ alfalfa 3g/m2+ facet syndroms 4g/m2；And the seed of this draft combination is successively broadcasted sowing in a step 11,
Two color shrub lespedeza 5g/m of shrub seeds is broadcasted sowing on upper strata at step 142, some slope surfaces broadcast sowing false indigo 5g/m2, also have some slopes
Broadcast sowing lyme grass 10g/m in face2+ facet syndrom 3g/m2+ shrub lespedeza 8g/m2+ twigs of the chaste tree 5g/m2+ caragana microphylla 5g/m2Sowing mixed seeding seed, so
Afterwards, then shrub seeds are sowed, has successfully built up sowing mictium, although not carrying out water seasoning after planting always, 1 year
After observe, vegetation total cover-degree has reached 60%-80%, and reaches 10-30 plants/m in sowing mixed seeding area, Shrub Density2, realize
Slope surface soil erosion benefit.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket of preferably second embodiment of the invention, it is described
Shaping the method for side slope surface vegetative protection is：
Step 1：Prepartion of land and improvement
First repair side slope, remove engineering construction rubbish, cut height fill out it is recessed, go to cut weeds, reach surfacing and rough, native
Base is closely knit, the purpose of the gradient in place.
It is unsuitable for the situation of plant growth for soil test result, and the more side slope for lacking soil of building waste needs
Carry out soil improvement, the improvement mainly improvement including soil ph and the improvement two of organic matter content of material, each bid section soil
Earth acid-base property and the content of organic matter have difference, select appropriate processing method respectively；
For soil acid-base property to carry out experiment determine, take different arrange respectively for acid soil and alkaline soil bid section
Apply and carry out neutralization amendment, for basic soil, acidic fertilizier is selected according to test result and applies gypsum (CaSO4) method improve
Soil fertility；For acid soil, improved with broadcasting sowing lime；
To carry out soil improvement for content of organic matter soil not up to standard, the material that soil improvement uses by peat soil,
Plantation soil, disinfectant, nutritional agents, pH adjusting agent, mycorhiza agent, water-retaining agent, organic fertilizer and moisture preserving agent composition；The content of organic matter is good
Soil, can slightly adjust as the case may be, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields slope surface highly effective pesticide and carry out disinfection in topsoil to soil, and together
When applying organic manure；
Step 2：Sow seed
According to design seed proportioning, according to following several seeding method different demarcation areas, to control application rate；
It is uniformly to be sprinkling upon seed in slope surface using the mode of broadcasting sowing, kind is broadcasted sowing broadcasts machine completion using hand-rail type, or using hand
Work mode, then harrows soil covering with creeper；For being not easy to broadcast sowing uniform small seeds, can be carried out again after mixing with sand
Broadcast sowing, or replaced by the sand of uniform fold 0.5-1cm thickness after the completion of grass-seed is broadcasted sowing or fine earth；
Using bunch planting kind shrub, i.e., according to certain density jack cave in side slope, seed is put into, earthing, sand are buried；
Mode of sowing grass seeds by duster is suitable for that seed mixed seeding species is more, construction area is big, and the mode of sowing grass seeds by duster is by the seed handled well and guarantor
Aqua, fertilizer, water etc. are sufficiently mixed, and are added in machinery of sowing grass seeds by duster, and the order of addition of material is generally：Water, water-retaining agent and bonding
Agent, fiber, fertilizer, seed, the mixture of seed and auxiliary material is uniformly sprayed onto in slope surface, and swing spray gun when sowing grass seeds by duster, and
Prevent thing generation rainwash of sowing grass seeds by duster.
Step 3：Interim water blocking low bank between fields is set
Water blocking low bank between fields should be added above slope surface before vegetable fiber blanket is laid with, road surface charge for remittance is guided through water blocking low bank between fields from slope surface
Under chute outside the row's of letting out export slope surface, interim water blocking low bank between fields bottom is arranged to help slope width 30cm, height 15cm, is clapped after building soil
Real, method to set up is same as Example 1, and the interim water blocking low bank between fields is after supercrust has been spread by setting water blocking road tooth to be replaced
Step 4：Cover and fix vegetable fiber blanket
Cover and to fix vegetable fiber blanket identical with the construction technology of unshaped side slope, cover and during fixed vegetable fiber blanket
Carry out from lower to eminence, or carried out from eminence to lower.
Step 5：Water seasoning
After the completion of covering, water seasoning is carried out, also can be without water seasoning in the side slope of rainy season construction.
In slope vegetation planting, employ first after planting cover type paving blanket greening, first cover after sowing type paving blanket greening,
The greening of sandwich-type tapetum fibrosum, cuttage false indigo with sow four kinds of basic vegetation establishment forms being combined of grass-seed and it is a variety of these
The combining form of vegetation establishment pattern.
1st, first using first being sowed on smooth good soil, plant is covered after finishing kind again for after planting cover type paving blanket greening
Tapetum fibrosum, then carries out normal maintenance work again, until sowing grows and covers earth's surface completely, in shaping side slope surface vegetation
Used in the method for protection.
2nd, first cover and broadcast formula paving blanket greening afterwards using the first lid vegetable fiber blanket on smooth good soil, again in blanket after cover
Sowed on face and cover one layer of thin soil, then carry out normal maintenance work again, until sowing grows and covers earth's surface completely.
3rd, sandwich-type paving blanket greening is exactly one by seed or the complete mix of the material such as seed and soil, organic matter base material
Rise, and be worked among vegetable fiber blanket interlayer, then by the direct one-time laying of such vegetable fiber blanket to slope surface,
Then normal maintenance work is carried out again, until sowing grows and covers earth's surface completely.
4th, more demanding paragraph is built up in shrub, after implementing first after planting cover type vegetation establishment mode and first covering
The mode that sowing type paving blanket greening is combined, and false indigo (or plant seedling) and sowing grass-seed (such as Festuca Arundinacea+pale reddish brown lucerne
Mu) mode that is combined, slope surface ecological protection is realized, achieves good ecological effect, although not carried out always after planting
Water seasoning, but observed after 1 year, vegetation total cover-degree has reached 60%-80%, and Shrub Density reaches 10-30 plants/m2, realize
Slope surface soil erosion benefit.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not make limitation in any form to the present invention, though
So the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but is not limited to the present invention, any to be familiar with this professional technology people
Member, without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using the disclosure above make a little change or modification
For the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, as long as being the content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, the technical spirit according to the present invention
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to above example, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. suitable for a kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket of fill subgrade side slope protection, its feature
It is on unshaped side slope surface successively to sprawl and fixed vegetable fiber blanket using successively filling roadbed, whole roadbeds to be done
Fill and vegetable fiber blanket covering sows vegetable seeds on vegetable fiber blanket surface again afterwards, cover thin soil, water seasoning is built up
Vegetation；
On the bottom roadbed side slope filled multiple chutes, the laying of the plurality of chute should be longitudinally laid along slope surface
The spacing and position of spacing and position with reference to the permanent chute of roadbed, plastic covering cloth or film prevent groove in the plurality of chute
Maceration steeps lower soil under interior flowing water, and the road bed filled is led directly on the upside of the plurality of chute, to concentrate pavement runoff, construction
Healthy water, discharges it roadbed, prevents from polluting and washing away caused by slope surface；Directly spread in the rare area of rainfall in chute
Put vegetable fiber blanket；
The interim water blocking low bank between fields of roadbed should be set when filling each layer of roadbed in the one or both sides of this layer of roadbed, to prevent road surface
Storm runoff under blanket to causing to wash away, soil under naughty sky blanket, while is also prevented from soil body downslide in upper subbase construction and covers slope surface,
The water blocking low bank between fields is the earth ridge filled, the earth ridge high 30cm, top width 30cm, the gradient 1：1.5, the soil that fallen on the inside of the earth ridge, which rolls, to be applied
Work, reduces water body and permeates the earth ridge, while the earth ridge is reduced close to roadbed side slope side also plastic covering cloth and oozed under current, at the same time
The earth ridge can also play guiding flow action, current are directed in the chute of slope surface setting；Sprawled on roadbed side slope solid
Determine in vegetable fiber blanket overwrite procedure, using the roadbed different time for filling layer, space parallax, be nested in different time node,
The draft and shrub seeds sowed under different slope surface position, vegetable fiber blanket with design on blanket, realize that to adjust plant fine
The purpose for the Vegetation community that dimension blanket is built up, its specific method are as follows：
After the water blocking low bank between fields of every layer of roadbed is completed, grass-seed is broadcasted sowing on this layer of roadbed side slope for having filled completion, in completion
Grass-seed is successively broadcasted sowing during one layer of roadbed making, after vegetable fiber blanket sprawls fixed be fully completed, above vegetable fiber blanket
Shrub seeds or sowing mixed seeding seed are broadcasted sowing, makes influence of the shrub seeds emergence from vegetable fiber blanket covering, while avoid it
With herbal competition, the purpose for realizing that shrub smoothly builds up is finally played；Or the roadbed side slope of completion is filled in lower part
On broadcast sowing shrub, close to design height upper subbase after the completion of broadcast sowing grass-seed so that shrub more integrated distribution is in slope surface
Middle and lower part, and upper strata is then distributed short herbosa, makes the vegetation of planting with good water and soil conservation performance, and not
The effect of highway driving sight can be influenced because part plant growth is excessive in slope surface；
By the above method, it can reach and afforest slope surface, effectively control construction time soil erosion, enhancing construction time side slope protection as early as possible
Effectiveness.
A kind of 2. method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In the wherein described unshaped side slope surface vegetative protection method, the successively making roadbed successively sprawls fixation in slope surface
Vegetable fiber blanket paving is according to slope surface design length, determines the Cutting Length of vegetable fiber blanket volume, and considers that slope foot is put down with top of the slope
The length that covers of platform is respectively not less than 20cm, sprawls first smooth good slope surface, and ensure that Soil Slope possesses one before the vegetable fiber blanket
The fixed degree of packing, vegetable fiber blanket volume is unfolded from the bottom to top, and ensures that it is fitted closely with Soil Slope；When the plant fiber
When blanket is rolled up to the temporary water dash low bank between fields on roadbed upper strata, not deployed vegetable fiber blanket volume is fixed at the top of slope surface with timber,
The vegetable fiber blanket that expansion is completed is followed closely with U-iron and is fixed, in order to expand stress surface, two sections is pushed down with U-iron nail and intersects
Waddy, be firmly secured on the tight soil of consolidation；It should be laid with positioned at face toe vegetable fiber blanket and extend to face toe
Plane on, whole vegetable fiber blanket is adjacent to native table and is in half tensioned state, avoid the occurrence of hanging, vegetable fiber blanket carpet surface is protected
Maintain an equal level whole, have no buckling phenomena；Overlapping overlap joint is answered in two vegetable fiber blanket junctions.
3. a kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket according to claims 1, its feature
Be the vegetable fiber blanket volume and water blocking low bank between fields, should use plastic cloth or film to the not deployed vegetable fiber blanket volume with
The water blocking low bank between fields is covered, and prevents rainwater from drenching blanket volume or washing away water blocking low bank between fields.
A kind of 4. method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket described in a power claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described used in the vegetable fiber blanket surface sowing plant species period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m broadcasts sowing and sows grass seeds by duster；Vegetable seeds after planting, by upper strata planting soil
The soil of water blocking low bank between fields, that is, earth ridge of composition spreads the soil for full slope surface, making tapetum fibrosum surface cover one layer of 1-2cm, and playing prevents from planting
Son is by birds, and the purpose for making seed be come into full contact with soil, is made real after earthing with spades, makes topsoil, plant fine
Dimension blanket, lower soil are closely linked.
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| CN106471913B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-09-28 | 深圳市日昇园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of greening means of defence of precipice |
| CN109868554A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 苏明义 | A kind of environment-friendly type natural fiber blanket and preparation method thereof |
| CN109098190A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-28 | 中国二十冶集团有限公司 | Provisional protection method for highway sea sand roadbed side slope |
| CN109322314A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-12 | 中交第公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | High altitudes and cold area roadbed side slope turf skeleton grass planting means of defence |
| CN109566283A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-05 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation based on vegetable fiber blanket tackling quicksand |
| CN111386915A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-10 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Slope vegetation recovery structure and high-steep inferior slope transformation method applying same |
| CN113303286B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-07-08 | 宁夏大学 | Method for constructing soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system |
| CN113133380B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2023-11-28 | 兰州大学 | Ecological restoration method for side slopes and abandoned mines in cold and dry areas |
| CN114651554A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-06-24 | 深圳市山月园园艺有限公司 | Plant restoration method based on plant fiber blanket fixed quicksand |
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