CN106381837B - A kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedure - Google Patents
A kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106381837B CN106381837B CN201610917567.4A CN201610917567A CN106381837B CN 106381837 B CN106381837 B CN 106381837B CN 201610917567 A CN201610917567 A CN 201610917567A CN 106381837 B CN106381837 B CN 106381837B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedures.The lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system bank slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is disposed with planting plants band and physical base band；Wave subduer is disposed in the setting area of planting plants band.The present invention solves the problems, such as water plant and physical base harmonious coexistence by constructing environmental physical base in lakeside zone.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedures, belong to Ku Bin, lakeside, riverbank area
Protection field.
Background technique
Dongjiang Lake external source pollution resistance control key technology research and demonstrative project are proposed in the 8th ASEM Summit
It " polygon International Sci & Tech Cooperation " and " is opened up under Asia-Europe water resource research and the national strategy demand background using " center " platform construction
Joint study is opened, is carried out close around Dongjiang Lake water source pump-station into lake exogenous heavy metal, the resistance control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants and lakeside
Band water and soil conservation field carries out technical tie-up research and development.
For the water environment harm of lake region left over by history lead-zinc residue, research and development lead cadmia solidification stabilization technique and loading embeading percolation
Liquid processing technique and the ecological reestablishment in lead cadmia stockpiling place realize the safe disposition and heavy metal pollution of slag charge
The ecology building in place blocks the external source migration of lake region heavy metal；For the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of lake region livestock and poultry cultivation and agricultural fertilizer,
Breeding nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants ecology resistance control and recycle utilization are developed, the building breeding ecosystem efficiently utilizes nitrogen phosphorus technology body
The external source of system, truncation lake nitrogen phosphorus imports；For the soil erosion in Dongjiang Lake lakeside zone unstability region, lakeside zone water and soil is developed
Holding and ecoscape recovery technique, are finally reached self―sustaining and the benign cycle of the lakeside zone ecosystem；Carry out technology
1 demonstration project and 2 demonstration areas are built up in comprehensive integration, realize effective resistance of Dong Jiang lake region exogenous heavy metal, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants
The reduction of control and lakeside zone soil erosion ensures the ecological safety of Dongjiang Lake potable water source district.
Resistance control one of key technology research and the sub- project of demonstrative project are polluted as Dongjiang Lake external source, this research is intended to adjust
On the basis of looking into, analyzing Dongjiang Lake lakeside zone status Current Status of Soil Erosion, with ecological engineering technology to lakeside zone unstability region
It is handled, provides a stable physical base to plant measures, guarantee the stabilization of lakeside zone and the safety of slope protection；Selection is suitable
It is suitable for the pionner of lakeside zone habitat conditions, scientific and rational design is carried out to the configuration of plant, develops and is suitable for China
Lakeside zone water and soil conservation and ecoscape recovery technique, and establish demonstration pilot project.
Dongjiang Lake lakeside zone Current Status of Soil Erosion: the reasons such as falling because geological disaster is frequent, artificial disturbance is serious, water level disappears,
There is phenomena such as avalanche, collapse, lakeside zone major part region is in naked state, and vegetation development is bad, severe water and soil erosion.It produces
Raw soil erosion enters Dongjiang Lake level-one water conservation district, pollutes water quality, influences drinking water source safety.
Both at home and abroad traditional lakeside zone physical base administer mostly use such as stone-laying, concrete slab, jackstone rigidity shield
Slope measure, these non-ecological slope protection measures usually lay particular emphasis on flood control safety, the biggest advantage is to firm, durable, but due to
Bank slope steam microcirculqtory system is isolated, and Biotope Landscape is destroyed, and causes entire shore protection to become a closed system, to dynamic plant
Object, microbe survival environment adversely affect, and cannot meet the requirements in terms of biology, landscape, hydrophily, or even on a large scale
Rigid protection may cause the tropical island effect of subrange in summer, completely not applicable to the improvement of Dongjiang Lake lakeside zone.
Chinese invention patent application CN201310512051.8 discloses a kind of Binjiang and enjoys the sights type wetland recovery mode configuration,
, in river bank high water level to divide into aquatic plant purification area, above high water mark sets waterfront Gu Tu corrosion protection area, far water other than corrosion protection area for it
Side sets Forest restoration area waterborne；Wherein, aquatic floatingleaved plant, ordinary water are planted below the aquatic plant purification area ordinary water level
Or more plant high bar emergent aquactic plant below high water level, planting patterns is all made of the scattered dense planting of nature；Wherein, the waterfront is solid
Tu Fangshiqu is laid with revetment brick, and width is 2~3 meters；Wherein, the Forest restoration area waterborne is that humidogene shrub is naturally mixed
The quasi- raw structure of community for handing over composition accomplishes that height matching, form and aspect combine, superiority and inferiority is complementary, calobiosis.
Chinese invention patent application CN200710130721.4 discloses a kind of reservoir bank ecological protection system, by bank top
Woods grass buffer zone, bank slope ecological protection band and beach buffer zone three parts are constituted.Bank top woods grass buffer zone includes that front end library shore is raw
State shelter belt and intercepting drain, front end library shore ecological protection forest belt are built in bank top belt-like zone, and intercepting drain bank shoulder extends, ditch
Slot spreads rubble erosion control.Bank slope protection is made of MULTILAYER COMPOSITE geotextile reinforcement structure and interlayer shrub, and bank slope basis, which uses, mixes
The compacting of native sandy gravel, slope foot are block stone spats, and spats side is planted seedlings protection.Beach buffer zone includes beach shelter-forest from high to low
Band, vegetation erosion control gabion and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band, the vegetation erosion control gabion by built-in cobble long caged TGXG
It is constituted with living body willow stake.
The lakeside that these above-mentioned patents can not also be adapted to Dongjiang Lake is administered, it would be highly desirable to develop one kind and solve Dong Jiang lake water
The scheme of plant and physical base harmonious coexistence.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedure, the restoration of the ecosystem structural system
By constructing environmental physical base in lakeside zone, water plant and physical base harmonious coexistence are solved the problems, such as.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system, is structurally characterized in that, littoral slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is set gradually
There are planting plants band and physical base band；Wave subduer is disposed in the setting area of planting plants band.
For this purpose, the present invention is by constructing environmental physical base, science configuration phytobiocoenose, littoral slope aspect middle of a lake direction
The incomplete anthropogenic sere mode of the compositions such as tall shrub band, emergent vegetation zone and riprap protection band is set gradually, to give full play to
The multiple functions such as bio-diversity conservation, soil-water protection and shore protection, purification of water quality, the aesthetic of landscape.In addition, being filled by setting wave resistance
It sets, so that restoration of the ecosystem structure of the invention has the function of self-regeneration, self purification etc., construction speed few with construction equipment
The features such as degree is fast, low cost, also not will cause secondary pollution.The present invention implements restoration of the ecosystem measure in lakeside zone, is guaranteeing east
On the basis of the bank stability of rivers and lakes, tall shrub is planted, water conservation guarantees the safety of drinking water source.
According to an embodiment of the invention, can also make further optimization to the present invention, the following are the skills formed after optimization
Art scheme:
Preferably, the physical base band includes the stone masonry barricade being arranged at slope foot；It is preferred that stone masonry barricade with
Riprap protection is set between planting plants band.Ecological matrix bottom is formed as a result, avoids avoiding entire shore protection as an obturator
System.
Preferably, lateral edge slope surface is arranged at intervals with multiple Reynolds mats upwards on the riprap protection；It is provided on bank slope
A plurality of groove, the Reynolds mat are embedded in corresponding groove；It is highly preferred that between the horizontal elevation of two neighboring Reynolds mat
Away from for 0.3m-0.7m.
Further, multiple ecology bags are equipped between two neighboring Reynolds mat；It is preferred that at least every two layers of ecology bag
It is equipped with one layer of reinforced grating, the structure which is fixed on ecology bag is buckled.
Preferably, the planting plants band includes under the tall shrub band of bank slope upper area is arranged in and is arranged in bank slope
Portion region emergent vegetation zone.It is highly preferred that Qiao's shrub band includes being located at tree and shrubs, wherein shrub is Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and dog
At least one of root of the tooth, arbor are at least one of dryland willow, bald cypress, metasequoia and mulberry tree.
Preferably, the plant in the emergent vegetation zone is in strip cropping along elevation, wherein the upper zone of emergent vegetation zone
Domain kind is implanted at least one of sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail and floral leaf cordate houttuynia, and the central region kind of emergent vegetation zone is implanted with reed
The lower area kind of at least one of reed, giantreed, water pepper, emergent vegetation zone is implanted at least one of Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass；
Preferably, the density of broadcasting sowing of the Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/ ㎡；The water pepper, sorrel, cattail planting density be 30-
50 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of Scirpus tabernaemontani are 4-8 Cong/㎡, reed, giantreed planting density be 20-40 Zhu/㎡, floral leaf cordate houttuynia
Planting density is 40-60 Zhu/㎡.
Preferably, the emergent aquactic plant in the emergent vegetation zone is screened by water logging experimental rig；It is preferred that the water logging examination
Experiment device includes at least two test areas and the observation window for situation in observation experiment region, one of test area
For bottom slope less than 25 °, the bottom slope of a test area is greater than 25 °, in two test areas there is water inlet and band to put
The water outlet of empty valve.
As a kind of specific structure type, the wave subduer includes mesh members and mesh members is fixed on side slope
On fixed structure；It is preferred that the mesh aperture of mesh members is 3cm-10cm；It is preferred that the mesh members are straw rope grid, it is fixed
Structure is bamboo nail fixation and ecological wooden presser feet.
For gentle slope type lakeside zone (25 ° of gradient <), physical base reinforcement measure is not taken, is taken just for status bank slope
Finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property, avoid entire shore protection as a closed system, i.e. gentle slope beach type lakeside zone ecology is repaired
Complex structure bank slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is successively made of tall shrub band and emergent vegetation zone.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides the methods that a kind of pair of lakeside zone is repaired comprising such as
Lower step:
S1, the restoring area of lakeside zone that needs are repaired, measure the gradient in the region, elevation, the depth of water, stormy waves intensity,
The soil physico-chemical property and water quality condition of substrate；
S2, synchronous development water logging test, screening are suitable for the advantage of lakeside zone growth, pionner；Mainly for water pepper,
Sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, giantreed, floral leaf cordate houttuynia, Bermuda grass, Phalaris grass；
S3, building physical base；
Gentle slope beach type lakeside zone restoring area for the gradient less than 25 °, side slope are in stable state, do not take physics
Bottom stab ilization measure takes finishing, substrate physicochemical property to be transformed just for status side slope；It is greater than 25 ° of abrupt slope mountain for the gradient
Ground type lakeside zone restoring area, takes physical base reinforcement measure, using slope trimming, jackstone presser feet, Reynolds mat and ecology
Bag shore protection composite reinforcement；Specifically:
1) riprap protection is set within the scope of the upward 0.5m-1.0m of slope foot first, and stone masonry is arranged in riprap protection downstream side
Barricade；
2) one row's Reynolds mat slope protection, thunder are set every the elevation of 0.4m-0.6m upwards along slope surface next to riprap protection
Promise protection pad is installed along status side slope, and Reynolds mat, each net of Reynolds mat are preferably fixed along slope excavating soil property groove, groove
It is connected between case and fixed, after net cage installs, loads block building stones and carry out smooth, there is no recess, raised phenomenon, then cover
Good and fixed box cover；It is preferred that Reynolds mat high 0.4-0.6m, wide 0.6-1.5m；
3) exposed region between adjacent two rows of Reynolds mats uses ecology bag slope protection, loads base in ecology bag first
Matter is simultaneously sealed, and secondly installs ecology bag along side slope, the structure button of ecology bag is lain in a horizontal plane between two neighboring ecology bag and is leaned on
Pedal is placed above in ecology bag after the completion of every layer of ecology bag laying, for ensuring the structure of ecology bag in nearly ecology bag edge
Good connection between button and ecology bag；It is preferred that often assemble three layers of ecology bag when being laid with ecology bag and be just laid with one layer of reinforced grating,
Reinforced grating one end is fixed on ecology bag structure button；
S4, tall shrub band and water plant are planted；
It is in strip cropping along elevation, Phalaris grass, Bermuda grass etc. are planted in side slope lower area, the plantation such as reed, giantreed, water pepper
In intermediate region, sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, floral leaf cordate houttuynia etc. are planted in side slope upper area, and tall shrub band is in water plant kind
The upside in growing area domain；Wherein
1) gentle slope beach type lakeside zone object side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing；It is preferred that the Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass
Broadcast sowing density be 5-15g/ ㎡.
2) abrupt slope mountain lakeside zone lower part side slope plantation Phalaris grass, preferably adopts the Phalaris grass that lakeside zone periphery is grown fine
It takes and is transplanted to water plant planting area；It is preferred that the density of broadcasting sowing of the Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/ ㎡；The water pepper, acid
Film, cattail planting density be 30-50 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of Scirpus tabernaemontani is 4-8 Cong/㎡, reed, giantreed planting density be
20-40 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of floral leaf cordate houttuynia are 40-60 Zhu/㎡；
S5, setting wave subduer；
Wave subduer is mainly made of straw rope grid and ecological wooden, and corner is using with encasing ecological wooden embedment under straw rope grid
Under, while ecological wooden presser feet, which is arranged, prevents stormy waves from washing away；
S6, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant for withered water plant, guarantees the stabilization of structure of community, find pest and disease damage in time, actively
It takes counter-measure to prevent and treat, guarantees water plant healthy growth.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention uses Reynolds mat, ecology bag etc. to construct environmental physical base, guarantees that lakeside zone is stable, prevents harnessing the river
Soil flow is lost, and bank slope steam microcirculqtory system is improved, and improves lakeside zone ecoscape；
2, the present invention configures phytobiocoenose by science, and tall shrub band is successively planted in littoral slope aspect middle of a lake direction, very water is planted
Object band and riprap protection band.Tall shrub band mainly plants garden landscape trees kind, reaches greening bank slope, promotes bank slope surrounding landscape effect
Fruit.Emergent vegetation zone, which is mainly planted, resistance to be flooded, is drought-enduring, is adaptable, selecting not tight adaptive plant to soil, it is intended to cover green bank
The soil erosion generated by rainfall, the exposed bank slope of artificial disturbance is reduced on slope.Riprap protection band mainly has stone masonry retaining wall, throws
The composition such as stone, piles up in lakeside zone downstream side, plays the role of stable bank slope；
3, the present invention constructs simple, environmentally friendly wave subduer, and the device is using straw rope grid+bamboo stick combination, using ring
Material is protected, it is pollution-free to water body, and cost is low, and construction personnel is facilitated to construct.
In short, the technology of the present invention is primarily adapted for use in the restoration of the ecosystem of abrupt slope mountain lakeside zone, prevention and control of soil erosion, pass through
Ecological physical base is constructed, self-regeneration, self purification of the lakeside zone ecosystem are realized.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic top plan view of water logging test of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart (gentle slope type) of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart (abrupt slope type) of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of canonical schema of wave subduer；
Fig. 5 is the right view of Fig. 4.
In figure
1- status slope surface；2- modifies slope surface；3- riprap protection；4- stone masonry toe wall；5- Reynolds mat；6- plant biological bag；
7- planting plants；8- wave subduer；9- straw rope grid；10- bamboo nail is fixed；11- ecological wooden presser feet；12,13- test areas；14-
Platform；15,16- water inlet pipes；17,18- observation windows；19- blow valve.
Specific embodiment
Come that the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to attached drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention be can be combined with each other.For sake of convenience, hereinafter as occurred
"upper", "lower", "left", "right" printed words only indicate consistent with the upper and lower, left and right direction of attached drawing itself, do not play limit to structure
It is set for using.
A kind of lakeside zone ecological restoring method, includes the following steps:
A, basic data measurement, collection；
Lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem region is selected, the soil of the gradient in the region, elevation, the depth of water, stormy waves intensity, substrate is measured
Physicochemical property and water quality condition etc..
B, carry out water logging test；
Synchronous to carry out water logging test, screening is suitable for the advantage of lakeside zone growth, pionner.Mainly for water pepper, acid
Film, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, giantreed, floral leaf cordate houttuynia, Bermuda grass, Phalaris grass.Primary study native soil draft Phalaris grass, water logging test reach
6 months, the grass seeds be perennial herb, it is resistance to flood, be drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, it is adaptable, to soil select it is not stringent, can be used and spread
The mode for broadcasting, transplanting and cutting rhizomes progress vegetative propagation is cultivated and (is detailed in Fig. 1).
C, physical base constructs；
Gentle slope beach type lakeside zone object (gradient is less than 25 °) side slope is in stable state, does not take physical base reinforcement measure,
Finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property etc. are taken just for status side slope.To prevent pollution water quality, farmyard manure, such as chicken manure are mostly used
Deng.
Abrupt slope mountain lakeside zone (gradient is greater than 25 °) side slope is steeper, need to take physical base reinforcement measure, mostly use side
Slope finishing+jackstone presser feet+Reynolds mat+ecology bag shore protection combination.
1) jackstone presser feet is set first within the scope of the upward 0.5m-1.0m of slope foot, to guarantee the stabilization of side slope, under jackstone
Trip side is arranged row's toe wall and blocks.
2) jackstone is located next to along slope surface upwards every 0.5m(elevation) setting Reynolds mat slope protection, the high 0.5m of Reynolds mat,
Wide 1.0m.Reynolds mat is installed along status side slope (to guarantee that the stabilization of protection pad is piled up on groove along slope excavating soil property groove
Reynolds mat), connect and fixes using 8# galvanized wire between each net cage, after net cage installs, filling block building stones and carry out it is smooth, no
In the presence of recess, raised phenomenon, case lid is then covered, case lid is tightened using galvanized wire.
3) 0.5m(elevation between Reynolds mat) exposed region use ecology bag slope protection.Matrix is loaded in ecology bag first,
It is sealed and is made with small-type sealing machine using sealing band (high-intensitive, uvioresistant) or scene.Secondly ecology bag is installed along side slope, will gives birth to
State bag structure is buckled between horizontal positioned two sacks close to the place at sack edge, so as to each ecology bag structure button span two
A sack rocks sturdy sack so that each standard buckles the midfield of puncture sack just below.Every layer of sack be laid with after the completion of
Plank is placed above and is walked by people above and tramples, for ensuring good connection between ecology bag structure button and ecology bag.
When being laid with ecology bag, pays attention to the suture side of sack inwardly to put, often assemble three layers of ecology bag and be just laid with one layer of reinforcement
Grid, reinforced grating one end are fixed on ecology bag structure button.Above-mentioned construction procedure is repeated, is completed until ecology bag is laid with.
D, planting aquatic plants；
It is required that being in strip cropping along elevation, resistance to time longer Phalaris grass, Bermuda grass etc. of flooding is planted in side slope lower area, reed
Reed, giantreed, water pepper etc. are planted in intermediate region, and sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, floral leaf cordate houttuynia etc. are planted in side slope upper area.
1) gentle slope beach type lakeside zone object side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing, large area plantation.Bermuda grass, Phalaris
It is 10g/ ㎡ that carelessly seed, which broadcasts sowing density, and Bermuda grass turf takes the mode of Mi Pu, selects the excellent turf of level-one.
2) abrupt slope mountain lakeside zone lower part side slope plantation Phalaris grass, by the way of transplanting, cuttage.By lakeside zone periphery
The Phalaris grass to grow fine, which is taken, is transplanted to water plant planting area, and using cave plantation is dug, Transplanting den- sity is 10 Dou/㎡.Phalaris grass nothing
By the way of cutting rhizomes cuttage, the rhizome length of cutting is advisable sexual reproduction with 50cm, is slotted in side slope along contour,
It is embedded to, compacting.Ecology bag is inserted the rhizome of cutting by the way of skewer or grass-seed of sowing grass seeds by duster (length is advisable with 50cm)
Enter to plant in ecology, insertion depth 20cm.The plant ecology of large area is by the way of spraying and seeding afforesting, by humic organic matter, mixing
The ecological surface of plant, thickness 2-5cm are sprayed onto after the mixing such as fertilizer, rice husk, adhesive, Phalaris grass seed.
3) according to plant characteristic, water pepper, sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, giantreed, floral leaf cordate houttuynia transplant bare-root seeding, water
Knotweed, sorrel, cattail planting density are 40 Zhu/㎡, and Scirpus tabernaemontani is 6 Cong/㎡ (20 buds/clump), reed, 30 Zhu/㎡ of giantreed, floral leaf fish raw meat
50 Zhu/㎡ of grass.
E, wave subduer is set；
Wave subduer is mainly made of straw rope grid+ecological wooden (bamboo) etc..Scene is manually compiled by the straw rope of diameter 0.8cm
Strip straw rope grid processed, width 1.0m-1.2m, grid aperture specification is 3cm-10cm, after grid weaves, is spread by contour
The draft of the turf or transplanting that are located at the grass-seed, covering broadcasted sowing is planted above, artificial to compress (being detailed in straw rope grid 9), and uses bamboo stick
Straw rope grid is fixed, 10) the exposed 1.0cm(of bamboo stick, which is detailed in bamboo nail, to be fixed.As shown in figure 4, corner use encases under straw rope grid
Ecological wooden is embedded to underground 0.15m, further fixes straw rope grid, and ecological wooden presser feet 11 is arranged, can prevent stormy waves from washing away.Straw rope
Open work mesh size specific requirement are as follows:
1) earthing broadcasts sowing the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh of grass-seed having a size of 3.0cm.
2) the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh of turfing slope protection is having a size of 5.0cm.
3) the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh of draft slope protection is transplanted having a size of 10.0cm.
G, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant for withered water plant, guarantees the stabilization of structure of community.Routine observation is found in time
Pest and disease damage actively takes counter-measure to prevent and treat, and guarantees water plant healthy growth.Summer, the nutrient growth and reproduction of plant are raw
Length is the most vigorous, and the demand grown to nutrient is very high, it is possible to increase the absorption to Water, phosphorus, the speed of growth recovery after harvesting
Degree quickly, does not influence the biomass of water plant.
The content that above-described embodiment illustrates should be understood as that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without
For limiting the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalent forms of the invention
Modification each fall within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system, which is characterized in that littoral slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is disposed with kind
Plant vegetational zone and physical base band；Wave subduer is disposed in the setting area of planting plants band；The physical base band packet
Include the stone masonry barricade being arranged at slope foot；Riprap protection is set between stone masonry barricade and planting plants band；The plantation
Vegetational zone includes that the tall shrub band of bank slope upper area is arranged in and is arranged in bank slope middle and lower part region emergent vegetation zone；The throwing
Lateral edge slope surface is arranged at intervals with multiple Reynolds mats upwards on stone shore protection；A plurality of groove, the Reynolds mat are provided on bank slope
It is embedded in corresponding groove；Multiple ecology bags are equipped between two neighboring Reynolds mat；The wave subduer includes reticular part
Part and the fixed structure being fixed on mesh members in side slope；Emergent aquactic plant in the emergent vegetation zone is tested by water logging to be filled
Set screening；The water logging experimental rig includes at least two test areas and the observation window for situation in observation experiment region,
The bottom slope of one of test area is less than 25 °, and the bottom slope of a test area is greater than 25 °, two test areas
It is interior that there is water inlet and the water outlet with blow valve.
2. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that two neighboring Reynolds mat
Horizontal elevation spacing is 0.3m-0.7m.
3. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that at least every two layers of ecology bag
On be equipped with one layer of reinforced grating, the structure which is fixed on ecology bag is buckled.
4. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Qiao's shrub band includes position
In tree and shrubs, wherein shrub is at least one of Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and Bermuda grass, and arbor is dryland willow, bald cypress, metasequoia and mulberry
At least one of tree.
5. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the emergent vegetation zone
Plant is in strip cropping along elevation, and wherein the upper area kind of emergent vegetation zone is implanted with sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail and floral leaf cordate houttuynia
At least one of, the central region kind of emergent vegetation zone is implanted at least one of reed, giantreed, water pepper, emergent vegetation zone
Lower area kind be implanted at least one of Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass.
6. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass
Broadcasting sowing density is 5-15g/ ㎡；The water pepper, sorrel, cattail planting density be 30-50 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of Scirpus tabernaemontani is
4-8 Cong/㎡, reed, giantreed planting density be 20-40 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of floral leaf cordate houttuynia is 40-60 Zhu/㎡.
7. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system described in one of -6 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the net of mesh members
Hole aperture is 3cm-10cm.
8. lakeside zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system described in one of -6 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mesh members
For straw rope grid, fixed structure is bamboo nail fixation and ecological wooden presser feet.
9. the method that a kind of pair of lakeside zone is repaired, which comprises the steps of:
The restoring area of S1, the lakeside zone repaired to needs, measure the gradient, elevation, the depth of water, the stormy waves intensity, substrate in the region
Soil physico-chemical property and water quality condition；
S2, synchronous development water logging test, screening are suitable for the advantage of lakeside zone growth, pionner；For water pepper, sorrel, water
Green onion, cattail, reed, giantreed, floral leaf cordate houttuynia, Bermuda grass, Phalaris grass；
S3, building physical base；
Gentle slope beach type lakeside zone restoring area for the gradient less than 25 °, side slope are in stable state, do not take physical base
Reinforcement measure takes finishing, substrate physicochemical property to be transformed just for status side slope；It is greater than 25 ° of abrupt slope mountain for the gradient
Lakeside zone restoring area takes physical base reinforcement measure, is protected using slope trimming, jackstone presser feet, Reynolds mat and ecology bag
Bank composite reinforcement；Specifically:
1) riprap protection is set within the scope of the upward 0.5m-1.0m of slope foot first, and riprap protection downstream side is arranged stone masonry and keeps off
Wall；
2) one row's Reynolds mat slope protection, Reynolds shield are set every the elevation of 0.4m-0.6m upwards along slope surface next to riprap protection
Pad is installed along status side slope；
3) exposed region between adjacent two rows of Reynolds mats uses ecology bag slope protection, loads matrix simultaneously first in ecology bag
Secondly sealing installs ecology bag along side slope, the structure button of ecology bag is lain in a horizontal plane between two neighboring ecology bag close to raw
After the completion of being laid in ecology bag pedal is placed above in state bag edge, every layer of ecology bag, for ensure ecology bag structure button and
Good connection between ecology bag；
S4, tall shrub band and water plant are planted；
It is in strip cropping along elevation, Phalaris grass, Bermuda grass are planted in side slope lower area, and reed, giantreed, water pepper are planted in middle area
Domain, sorrel, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, floral leaf cordate houttuynia are planted in side slope upper area, and tall shrub band is in the upper of water plant planting region
Side；Wherein
1) gentle slope beach type lakeside zone object side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing；
2) abrupt slope mountain lakeside zone lower part side slope plantation Phalaris grass；
S5, setting wave subduer；
Wave subduer is mainly made of straw rope grid and ecological wooden, and corner is embedded to underground using ecological wooden is encased under straw rope grid,
Ecological wooden presser feet, which is arranged, simultaneously prevents stormy waves from washing away；
S6, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant for withered water plant, guarantees the stabilization of structure of community, find pest and disease damage in time, actively take
Counter-measure prevention and treatment, guarantees water plant healthy growth.
10. the method according to claim 9 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that in step S3, opened along side slope
Shoveling matter groove fixes Reynolds mat on groove, connects between each net cage of Reynolds mat and fixed, after net cage installs, fill out
Dress block building stones simultaneously carry out smooth, there is no recess, raised phenomenon, then cover and fixed box cover.
11. the method according to claim 10 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that the high 0.4- of Reynolds mat
0.6m, wide 0.6-1.5m.
12. the method according to claim 9 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that in step S3, be laid with ecology
When bag, often assembles three layers of ecology bag and be just laid with one layer of reinforced grating, reinforced grating one end is fixed on ecology bag structure button.
13. the method according to claim 9 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that in step S4, the Phalaris grass
Density of broadcasting sowing with Bermuda grass is 5-15g/ ㎡.
14. the method according to claim 9 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that in step S4, by lakeside zone
The Phalaris grass that periphery is grown fine, which is taken, is transplanted to water plant planting area.
15. the method according to claim 14 repaired to lakeside zone, which is characterized in that the Phalaris grass and Bermuda grass
Broadcast sowing density be 5-15g/ ㎡；The water pepper, sorrel, cattail planting density be 30-50 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of Scirpus tabernaemontani
For 4-8 Cong/㎡, reed, giantreed planting density be 20-40 Zhu/㎡, the planting density of floral leaf cordate houttuynia is 40-60 Zhu/㎡.
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| CN107299618B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-10-16 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Inland river slope type ecological revetment structure |
| CN107996058A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥郑国生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for recovering the economic vegetation of protective embankments in lakeside areas ditch pool system ecology |
| CN110331697A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-15 | 安徽农业大学 | Half dew partly floods the restorative procedure in region in a kind of reservoir drawdown band steep hillslope |
| CN110663392B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2022-01-04 | 杭州中艺生态环境工程有限公司 | Loosening-proof ecological greening local plant planting blanket for saline-alkali soil discharge |
| CN110771435A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-11 | 长江大学 | Method for restoring moisture soil type vegetation by mixed planting of perennial wetland plants |
| CN110577338A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-17 | 中铁四川生态城投资有限公司 | Natural revetment ecological purification system and purification method thereof |
| CN111771631B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-10-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method |
| CN112830582B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-02-08 | 上海水生环境工程有限公司 | Natural large water area lakeside bank protection and wave dissipation method based on submerged vegetation restoration |
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| CN204662462U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-23 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | A kind of vegetation planting unit being applied to greening and ecological recovery |
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