CN111771631B - Hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method - Google Patents
Hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771631B CN111771631B CN202010673268.7A CN202010673268A CN111771631B CN 111771631 B CN111771631 B CN 111771631B CN 202010673268 A CN202010673268 A CN 202010673268A CN 111771631 B CN111771631 B CN 111771631B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/125—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of vegetable material, e.g. wood, reeds
Abstract
The invention discloses a water and soil conservation system and method for a hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises an isolation belt formed by a plurality of foundation piles, wherein the isolation belt upwards divides the hydro-fluctuation belt into a submerged plant area, an amphibian plant area, a small-sized grass-wood area and a large-sized shrub area along the gradient of the hydro-fluctuation belt, a protective cloth block and a wave-proof cloth block which are tightly attached to the surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt are arranged between the foundation piles of the adjacent isolation belts, and an air bag is arranged on each foundation pile to monitor the water and soil loss degree. The water and soil conservation method of the water and soil conservation system of the hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following steps: and monitoring the water and soil loss degree, judging the water and soil loss grade according to the water and soil loss degree, and determining the planting density according to the water and soil loss grade. According to the scheme, the water and soil loss of the hydro-fluctuation belt is effectively prevented according to the special terrain of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the geological disasters of the bank of the river reservoir are effectively prevented and reduced, the stability of the bank of the river reservoir is kept, the variety of species is increased, and the ecological environment is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydro-fluctuation belt treatment, in particular to a hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir is also called a fluctuation belt or a fluctuation area, and refers to a special area where the peripheral submerged land periodically exposes out of the water surface due to seasonal water level fluctuation of the reservoir. The reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt forms a huge ecological isolation belt of an annular reservoir between a reservoir water body and a land bank, and is a special land-water staggered wetland ecosystem. However, the periodic fluctuation of the water level will cause damages such as water loss and soil erosion, vegetation damage, geological disasters and the like, thereby affecting the normal performance of the functions of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the living property of people in the reservoir area and the sustainable development of the ecological system of the reservoir area.
The water and soil loss treatment of the hydro-fluctuation belt is the need of implementing the ecological environment protection of the drainage basin and realizing the sustainable development. However, as the water level further repeatedly rises and the artificial activities in the basin are more frequent, the water and soil conditions in the hydro-fluctuation zone are more and more deteriorated, and the ecological environment is more fragile; in addition, the requirement on the protection of the watershed is higher and higher, and the protection and treatment of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area face higher pressure. Therefore, according to the formation and succession rules of the hydro-fluctuation belt, a comprehensive treatment mode combining plant measures and engineering measures is adopted to construct ecological barriers of the hydro-fluctuation belt, prevent water and soil loss, prevent and reduce geological disasters, keep the stability of river banks and reservoir bank belts, increase species diversity and improve ecological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a system and method for effectively preventing water and soil loss and keeping water and soil in a hydro-fluctuation belt with the functions of soil fixation and bank protection.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the provided hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system comprises an isolation belt formed by a plurality of foundation piles, wherein the foundation piles on the isolation belt are uniformly arranged, and the isolation belt upwards divides the hydro-fluctuation belt into a submerged plant area, an amphibian area, a small-sized plant area and a large-sized shrub area along the gradient of the hydro-fluctuation belt; submerged plants, amphibians, small-sized vegetation and large shrubs are planted in the submerged plant area, the amphibian area, the small-sized vegetation area and the large shrub area respectively; submerged plants, diving plants, amphibious plants, small-sized plants and large-sized shrubs are all planted in planting grooves excavated in the length direction of the hydro-fluctuation belt;
protective cloth blocks which are tightly attached to the surface of the falling belt are arranged between foundation piles of adjacent isolation belts, four corners of each protective cloth block are fixed on hooks of the foundation piles, and uniform planting holes are formed in the protective cloth blocks; vertical wave-proof cloth blocks are arranged between the foundation piles in the isolation belt, the wave-proof cloth blocks extend to the bottoms of the foundation piles, and the wave-proof cloth blocks are fixed on hooks of the foundation piles; the wave-proof cloth block is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped through holes, the upper ends of the strip-shaped through holes are provided with cloth stop blocks, and the size of each cloth stop block is larger than that of each strip-shaped through hole;
the foundation pile is placed into a hard rock stratum below the hydro-fluctuation belt, an air bag is arranged on the foundation pile, the air bag is communicated with an inflation channel in the foundation pile, and the inflation channel is connected with an inflation port at the upper end of the foundation pile; the air bag is embedded in the soft soil layer on the surface of the falling belt; be provided with baroceptor on the inflation channel, baroceptor is connected with the treater electricity of foundation pile upper end, and the upper end of foundation pile is provided with wireless transmission module, and wireless transmission module is connected with the treater electricity, wireless transmission module and monitor terminal wireless connection.
A water and soil conservation method of a water and soil conservation system in a hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting and driving uniform foundation piles on the falling belt in the dry season to form an isolation belt, ensuring that an air bag on the foundation pile is arranged in the soft soil layer, and then inflating the air bag through an inflating device to expand the air bag to reach a set air pressure value P0；
S2: numbering each foundation pile by 1-N, wherein the air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor on each foundation pile is P1，P2，···，PN。
S3: the air pressure sensor sends collected pressure values to the monitoring terminal at intervals of a set time;
s4: collecting the pressure value of each air pressure sensor in the dry water-water storage-rich water period in one year, drawing a pressure value-time curve collected by each air pressure sensor, and calculating the mean value P of the pressure values collected by each air pressure sensor in the dry water-water storage-rich water periodS＝(p1+p2+···+pn) N, wherein n is the number of times of the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor in the dry water-water storage-rich water cycle in one year;
s5: calculating the average value P of the pressure values collected by all the air pressure sensors on the dry water-water storage-rich water periodic falling belt in one yearX＝(PS1+PS2+···+PSN) The number of the air pressure sensors is/N;
s6: judging the water and soil loss levels of different areas in the periods of the dry water, the water storage and the rich water on the falling zone, and judging if the average value P acquired in the periods of the dry water, the water storage and the rich water of the air pressure sensorSNot less than average value PXJudging the area monitored by the air pressure sensor to be first-level water and soil loss, and if the mean value P isS< average value PXJudging that the area monitored by the air pressure sensor is secondary water and soil loss;
s7: calculating the areas S of the first-level soil erosion area and the second-level soil erosion area1And S2，S1The soil area of the hydro-fluctuation belt is defined by points of all foundation piles in the primary water and soil loss area, S2The area of the falling zone soil is defined by points of all foundation piles in the secondary water and soil loss area;
s8: by using S1And S2Calculating the planting density M of plants in the first-level water and soil loss area and the second-level water and soil loss area1＝S1/V、M2＝(S2V) multiplied by 1.5, wherein V is the soil area required by the growth of submerged plants, diving plants, amphibian plants, small-sized vegetation and large shrubs;
s9: and excavating planting grooves on the isolation belt according to the calculated plant planting density in the next dry season, wherein a step is formed between every two planting grooves:
s10: planting submerged plants, amphibious plants, small-sized vegetation and large-sized shrubs into the planting grooves according to the calculated planting density, placing the submerged plants, the submerged plants and the amphibious plants into the planting grooves through the planting pots, directly planting the small-sized vegetation and the large-sized shrubs into the planting grooves, and filling up the planting grooves;
s11: and laying the protective cloth blocks on the soil surface of the falling zone, connecting the protective cloth blocks with foundation piles, cutting planting holes for plant growth, and then installing the wave-proof cloth blocks.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme, the slope-shaped hydro-fluctuation belt is divided into planting areas of different plants according to the special terrain of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the divided different planting areas have different geographies, water areas and planting environments, the plants adaptive to growth are planted in a targeted mode, the function of absorbing sand and fixing soil of the plants is promoted, the water and soil loss of the hydro-fluctuation belt is effectively prevented, the occurrence of geological disasters of the bank area of the river bank is effectively prevented and reduced, the stability of the bank area of the river bank is kept, the variety of species is increased, and the ecological environment is improved.
The surface soil erosion that protection cloth piece was planted at planting earlier stage protection plant prevents because the washing away of water, and the plant breaks away from the soil layer come-up, plants the failure. The wave-proof cloth blocks can block the impact of water waves on plants and a water-falling zone, and the strip-shaped through holes are blocked by the cloth blocks when the waves are reversed, so that silt is prevented from being taken away by the waves, and the water and soil loss is further reduced. After the planting is successful, the plant root system is developed, and the protective cloth and the wave-proof cloth are detached and can be recycled.
The water and soil loss condition is monitored through the air bag on the foundation pile, the air bag is buried in the soft soil layer, the soft soil layer becomes thin along with the washing of water, the pressure of the soft soil layer on the air bag is reduced, even the air bag is exposed, and the change of the pressure of the air bag represents the water and soil loss degree. The planting area of the plants is determined by calculating the grade of water and soil loss, and the plants are planted in a targeted manner according to the water and soil loss degree of different areas, so that the treatment of water and soil loss is more scientific and standardized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hydro-fluctuation belt soil and water conservation system.
Fig. 2 is a profile of the foundation pile on the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back surface of the wave-proof cloth.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the planting pot.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the foundation pile.
The device comprises a planting hole 1, a planting hole 2, a protective cloth 3, a panoramic camera 4, a hook 5, a wave-proof cloth 6, a foundation pile 7, an air bag 8, an inflation channel 9, an air pressure sensor 10, a processor 11, an alarm lamp 12, an inflation inlet 13, a strip-shaped through hole 14, a cloth stop block 15, a planting groove 16, a growth hole 17, a nutrient layer 18, an air-permeable partition plate 19, a planting pot 20, a cobble layer 21, a tidal power generator A, a submerged plant area B, a submerged plant area C, an amphibious plant area D, a small-sized plant area E, a large-sized shrub area a, a rich water period B and a dry water period.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system of the scheme comprises an isolation belt formed by a plurality of foundation piles 6, the foundation piles 6 on the isolation belt are uniformly arranged, the isolation belt divides the hydro-fluctuation belt into steps, and the isolation belt upwards divides the hydro-fluctuation belt into a submerged plant area a, a submerged plant area B, an amphibian plant area C, a small-sized plant area D and a large-sized shrub area E along the gradient of the hydro-fluctuation belt; submerged plants, amphibians, small-sized grass trees and large shrubs are planted in the submerged plant area A, the submerged plant area B, the amphibian area C, the small-sized grass tree area D and the large shrub area E respectively; submerged plants, amphibious plants, small-sized vegetation and large-sized shrubs are all planted in planting grooves 15 which are excavated along the length edge direction of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
A protective cloth block 2 tightly attached to the surface of the falling zone is arranged between foundation piles 6 of adjacent isolation zones, four corners of the protective cloth block 2 are fixed on hooks 4 of the foundation piles 6, uniform planting holes 1 are formed in the protective cloth block 2, and planted plants pass through the planting holes 1; vertical wave-proof cloth blocks 5 are arranged between foundation piles 6 in the isolation belt, and the wave-proof cloth blocks 5 form transverse barriers. The wave-protection cloth 5 extends to the bottom of the foundation pile 6 and the wave-protection cloth 5 is fixed on the hook 4 of the foundation pile 6. A plurality of strip-shaped through holes 13 are formed in the wave-resistant cloth piece 5, cloth stop blocks 14 are arranged at the upper ends of the strip-shaped through holes 13, and the size of each cloth stop block 14 is larger than that of each strip-shaped through hole 13.
The foundation pile 6 is placed into a hard rock stratum below the hydro-fluctuation belt, an air bag 7 is arranged on the foundation pile 6, the air bag 7 is communicated with an inflation channel 8 in the foundation pile 6, and the inflation channel 8 is connected with an inflation port 12 at the upper end of the foundation pile 6; the air bag 7 is embedded in a soft soil layer on the surface of the falling belt; be provided with baroceptor 9 on the channel 8 of aerifing, baroceptor 9 is connected with the treater 10 electricity on the foundation pile 6, and the upper end of foundation pile 6 is provided with wireless transmission module, and wireless transmission module is connected with treater 10 electricity, wireless transmission module and monitor terminal wireless connection.
The protective cloth block 2 protects the surface water and soil loss of plant planting in the early stage of planting, and prevents the plants from floating upwards away from the soil layer due to water scouring and failing to plant. The wave-proof cloth block 5 can block the impact of water waves on plants and a water-falling zone, and the strip-shaped through hole 13 is blocked by the cloth stop block 14 when the waves are reversed, so that the silt is prevented from being taken away by the waves, and the water and soil loss is further reduced. After the planting is successful, the root system of the plant is developed, and the protective cloth 2 and the wave-proof cloth 5 are disassembled for recycling.
The water and soil loss condition is monitored through the air bag 7 on the foundation pile 6, the air bag 7 is buried in the soft soil layer, the soft soil layer becomes thin along with the washing of water, the pressure of the soft soil layer on the air bag 7 is reduced, even the air bag 7 is exposed, and the change of the pressure of the air bag 7 represents the water and soil loss degree. The planting area of the plants is determined by calculating the grade of water and soil loss, and the plants are planted in a targeted manner according to the water and soil loss degree of different areas, so that the treatment of water and soil loss is more scientific and standardized.
Submerged plants, submerged plants and amphibious plants are all planted in the planting pot 19, the planting pot 19 is made of degradable paper materials, the bottom of the planting pot 19 is provided with a growing hole 16, planting soil is filled in the planting pot 19, and the planting pot 19 is placed in the planting groove 15. The planting soil comprises a bottom nutrient layer 17, a breathable partition plate 18 is arranged above the nutrient layer 17, a plurality of breathable holes are formed in the breathable partition plate 18, a plurality of cobble layers 20 are filled in the breathable partition plate 18, a plurality of through holes are formed in a planting pot 19 around the nutrient layer 17, and the breathable partition plate 18 is made of degradable paper materials.
Plants of submerged plants, submerged plants and amphibious plants are short and weak in wind wave beating resistance, and the planting pot 19 can help plant roots to be fixed in the falling zone soil layer to resist wind wave beating. The planting pot 19 degrades gradually in the process of plant growth, and after the plant root system is developed, the planting pot 19 degrades completely, does not hinder the root system growth, and meanwhile, nutrients can permeate into the soil layer completely. The nutrients can not be lost due to the scouring of wind waves in the early planting period, so that the water quality is prevented from being polluted and the growth of plants is prevented from being influenced.
The upper end of foundation pile 6 is provided with alarm lamp 11, and the upper end of foundation pile 6 is provided with panoramic camera 3 through the camera support, and alarm lamp 11 and panoramic camera 3 all are connected with treater 10 electricity. The foundation piles 6 in the submerged plant area A and the submerged plant area B are provided with tidal power generators 21, the tidal power generators 21 are connected with storage batteries in the foundation piles 6, and the storage batteries are electrically connected with the processor 10.
The bright green lamp scintillation under the alarm lamp 11 normal condition, when the pressure of the gasbag 7 of monitoring is less than the setting value, show that the water-and-soil loss condition of area surrounding this area is observed on the scene to the soil in the water-and-soil loss condition of water-and-soil loss of arriving at the bright red lamp scintillation of alarm lamp 11 this moment, staff's accessible pilot lamp guidance of scintillation. The tidal power generator 21 generates power by utilizing tides and wind waves to provide electric energy, and the panoramic camera 3 can shoot pictures at regular time and send the pictures to a monitoring terminal at the rear part, so that remote monitoring is realized, and the growth condition of plants is observed.
Pull rings are arranged at four corners of the protective cloth 2 and the wave-proof cloth 5, and the hook 4 is made of soft metal. During installation, the protective cloth 2 and the wave-proof cloth 5 can be quickly fixed on the hook 4, and during disassembly, the hook 4 is directly unscrewed, so that the operation is convenient and simple.
The water and soil conservation method of the water and soil conservation system of the hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a foundation pile 6 which is uniformly driven on a falling belt in the dry period b to form an isolation belt, ensuring that an air bag 7 on the foundation pile 6 is arranged in a soft soil layer, and then inflating the air bag 7 through an inflating device to expand the air bag 7 to reach a set air pressure value P0；
S2: numbering each foundation pile 6 by 1-N, wherein the air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor 9 on each foundation pile 6 is P1，P2，···，PN。
S3: the air pressure sensor 9 sends the collected pressure values to the monitoring terminal at set time intervals (10 or 15 days apart);
s4: collecting the pressure value of each air pressure sensor 9 in the dry water-water storage-rich water period in one year, drawing a pressure value-time curve collected by each air pressure sensor 9, and calculating the mean value P of the pressure values collected by each air pressure sensor 9 in the dry water-water storage-rich water periodS＝(p1+p2+···+pn) N, wherein n is the number of times of the air pressure value acquired by an air pressure sensor in a 9-year dry water-water storage-rich water cycle;
s5: calculating the average value P of the pressure values collected by all the air pressure sensors 9 on the dry water-water storage-rich water periodic falling belt in one yearX＝(PS1+PS2+···+PSN) The number of the air pressure sensors 9 is N;
s6: judging the water and soil loss levels of different areas in the periods of dry water, water storage and rich water on the falling zone, and if the pressure sensor 9 is used, acquiring the mean value P in the periods of dry water, water storage and rich waterSNot less than average value PXJudging the area monitored by the air pressure sensor 9 to be first-level water and soil loss, and if the mean value P isS< average value PXIf so, judging that the area monitored by the air pressure sensor 9 is the second-level water and soil loss;
s7: calculating the areas S of the first-level soil erosion area and the second-level soil erosion area1And S2，S1The soil area of the falling zone formed by points of all foundation piles 6 in the primary water and soil loss area is S2The area of the falling zone soil is defined by the points of all foundation piles 6 in the secondary water and soil loss area;
s8: by using S1And S2Calculating the planting density M of plants in the first-level water and soil loss area and the second-level water and soil loss area1＝S1/V、M2＝(S2V) multiplied by 1.5, wherein V is the soil area required by the growth of submerged plants, diving plants, amphibian plants, small-sized vegetation and large shrubs;
s9: and (b) excavating planting grooves 15 on the isolation belt in the next dry period b according to the calculated plant planting density, and forming a step between every two planting grooves 15:
s10: planting submerged plants, amphibious plants, small-sized vegetation and large-sized shrubs into the planting groove 15 according to the calculated planting density, placing the submerged plants, the submerged plants and the amphibious plants into the planting groove 15 through the planting pot 19, directly planting the small-sized vegetation and the large-sized shrubs into the planting groove 15, and filling up the planting groove 15;
s11: and (3) laying the protective cloth blocks 2 on the soil surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt, connecting the protective cloth blocks with foundation piles 6, cutting planting holes 1 for plant growth, and then installing wave-proof cloth blocks 5.
According to the scheme, the slope-shaped hydro-fluctuation belt is divided into planting areas of different plants according to the special terrain of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the divided different planting areas have different geographies, water areas and planting environments, the plants adaptive to growth are planted in a targeted mode, the function of absorbing sand and fixing soil of the plants is promoted, the water and soil loss of the hydro-fluctuation belt is effectively prevented, the occurrence of geological disasters of the bank area of the river bank is effectively prevented and reduced, the stability of the bank area of the river bank is kept, the variety of species is increased, and the ecological environment is improved.
Claims (7)
1. A water and soil conservation system of a hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising an isolation belt consisting of a plurality of foundation piles (6), wherein the foundation piles (6) on the isolation belt are uniformly arranged, and the isolation belt upwards divides the hydro-fluctuation belt into a submerged plant area (A), a submerged plant area (B), an amphibian plant area (C), a small-sized plant area (D) and a large-sized shrub area (E) along the gradient of the hydro-fluctuation belt; submerged plants, amphibian plants, small-sized vegetation and large shrubs are planted in the submerged plant area (A), the submerged plant area (B), the amphibian plant area (C), the small-sized vegetation area (D) and the large shrub area (E) respectively; the submerged plants, the amphibious plants, the small-sized vegetation and the large-sized shrubs are all planted in planting grooves (15) excavated in the length direction of the hydro-fluctuation belt;
a protective cloth block (2) tightly attached to the surface of the falling zone is arranged between foundation piles (6) of adjacent isolation zones, and uniform planting holes (1) are formed in the protective cloth block (2); vertical wave-proof cloth blocks (5) are arranged between foundation piles (6) in the isolation belt, the wave-proof cloth blocks (5) extend to the bottoms of the foundation piles (6), and four corners of the protection cloth blocks (2) and the wave-proof cloth blocks (5) are fixed on hooks (4) of the foundation piles (6); the wave-proof cloth block (5) is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped through holes (13), the upper ends of the strip-shaped through holes (13) are provided with cloth stop blocks (14), and the size of each cloth stop block (14) is larger than that of each strip-shaped through hole (13);
the foundation pile (6) is placed into a hard rock stratum below the hydro-fluctuation belt, an air bag (7) is arranged on the foundation pile (6), the air bag (7) is communicated with an inflation channel (8) in the foundation pile (6), and the inflation channel (8) is connected with an inflation port (12) at the upper end of the foundation pile (6); the air bag (7) is embedded in a soft soil layer on the surface of the falling belt; aerify and be provided with baroceptor (9) on passageway (8), baroceptor (9) are connected with treater (10) electricity on foundation pile (6), the upper end of foundation pile (6) is provided with wireless transmission module, wireless transmission module is connected with treater (10) electricity, wireless transmission module and monitor terminal wireless connection.
2. The hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plants, the submerged plants and the amphibious plants are planted in a planting pot (19), the planting pot (19) is made of degradable paper materials, a growing hole (16) is formed in the bottom of the planting pot (19), planting soil is filled in the planting pot (19), and the planting pot (19) is placed in the planting groove (15).
3. The hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system according to claim 2, wherein the planting soil comprises a bottom nutrient layer (17), a ventilating partition plate (18) is arranged above the nutrient layer (17), a plurality of ventilating holes are formed in the ventilating partition plate (18), a cobble layer (20) is filled in the ventilating partition plate (18), a plurality of through holes are formed in a planting pot (19) around the nutrient layer (17), and the ventilating partition plate (18) is made of degradable paper materials.
4. The system for maintaining water and soil in a hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein an alarm lamp (11) is provided at an upper end of the foundation pile (6), the panoramic camera (3) is provided at an upper end of the foundation pile (6) through a camera support, and the alarm lamp (11) and the panoramic camera (3) are both electrically connected with the processor (10).
5. The hydro-fluctuation belt soil and water conservation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foundation piles (6) in the submerged plant area (a) and the submerged plant area (B) are provided with tidal power generators (21), the tidal power generators (21) are electrically connected with the storage batteries in the foundation piles (6), and the storage batteries are electrically connected with the processor (10).
6. The hydro-fluctuation belt soil and water conservation system according to claim 1, wherein pull rings are provided at four corners of the protection cloth (2) and the wave-proof cloth (5), and the hook (4) is made of soft metal.
7. A soil and water conservation method using the soil and water conservation system of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting and driving down uniform foundation piles (6) on the falling zone in the dry season (b) to form an isolation zone, ensuring that the air bags (7) on the foundation piles (6) are arranged in the soft soil layer, and then inflating the air bags (7) through an inflating device to expand the air bags (7) to reach a set air pressure value P0；
S2: numbering each foundation pile (6) by 1-N, wherein the air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor (9) on each foundation pile (6) is P1，P2，···，PN；
S3: the air pressure sensor (9) sends the collected pressure values to the monitoring terminal at set intervals;
s4: collecting the pressure value of each air pressure sensor (9) in the dry water-water storage-rich water period in one year, drawing a pressure value-time curve collected by each air pressure sensor (9), and calculating the mean value P of the pressure values collected by each air pressure sensor (9) in the dry water-water storage-rich water periodS＝(p1+p2+···+pn) N, wherein n is the number of times of the air pressure value acquired by one air pressure sensor (9) in the dry water-water storage-rich water cycle in one year;
s5: calculating the average value P of the pressure values collected by all the air pressure sensors (9) on the dry water-water storage-rich water periodic falling belt in one yearX＝(PS1+PS2+···+PSN) N, wherein N is the number of the air pressure sensors (9);
s6: judging the water and soil loss grade of different areas in the period of dry water-water storage-rich water on the falling zone, if the air pressure sensor (9) is used for collecting the mean value P in the period of dry water-water storage-rich waterSNot less than average value PXJudging that the area monitored by the air pressure sensor (9) is first-level water and soil loss; if mean value PS< average value PXIf so, judging that the area monitored by the air pressure sensor (9) is the second-level water and soil loss;
s7: calculating the areas S of the first-level soil erosion area and the second-level soil erosion area1And S2，S1The soil area of the falling zone surrounded by the points of all foundation piles (6) in the primary water and soil loss area is S2The area of the falling zone soil is defined by the points of all foundation piles (6) in the secondary water and soil loss area;
s8: by using S1And S2Calculating the planting density M of plants in the first-level water and soil loss area and the second-level water and soil loss area1＝S1/V、M2＝(S2V) multiplied by 1.5, wherein V is the soil area required by the growth of submerged plants, diving plants, amphibian plants, small-sized vegetation and large shrubs;
s9: and (b) excavating planting grooves (15) on the isolation belt according to the calculated plant planting density in the next dry period, and forming a step between every two planting grooves (15):
s10: planting submerged plants, amphibious plants, small-sized vegetation and large-sized shrubs into the planting groove (15) according to the calculated planting density, placing the submerged plants, the submerged plants and the amphibious plants into the planting groove (15) through a planting pot (19), directly planting the small-sized vegetation and the large-sized shrubs into the planting groove (15), and filling up the planting groove (15);
s11: and (3) laying the protective cloth blocks (2) on the soil surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt, connecting the protective cloth blocks with foundation piles (6), cutting out planting holes (1) for plant growth, and then installing the wave-proof cloth blocks (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010673268.7A CN111771631B (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | Hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method |
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| CN113657359B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Water and soil conservation monitoring method based on image interpretation technology |
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