TW589586B - Method and system to monitor earth scouring - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and system to monitor earth scouring are disclosed, which is to bury plural transmitters downward with a predetermined spacing in earth. After earth is scoured, each transmitter is scoured/moved or rotated due to the depth variation of the soured earth, which is sensed by the vibration sensor in the transmitter. Radio signal transmitters emits radio signals with different encoding respectively, the code is received by the signal receiver on the ground and read by computer, so as to monitor and obtain the real-time scouring depth of earth. The detected real-time scouring depth of earth is transmitted to the alarm device for determination to send the warning message at the appropriate time.

Description

589586 V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method and system for monitoring soil erosion, especially a method for embedding a plurality of transmitters into a soil layer of different depths according to a predetermined depth. A monitoring method and system capable of detecting the instantaneous scour depth or movement status of the soil layer after being flushed or moving. [Previous technology] Taiwan's mountains are high, the river is short and the slope is large, and it cannot accommodate a large amount of rain. Therefore, when a typhoon brings heavy rain, it often causes flash floods, scouring mountains and rocks, and destroying houses and flooding farmland in the form of floods or earth and rock flows , Causing flooding in low-lying areas, even destroying road systems, endangering bridges, seriously trauma people ’s lives and property, and cause a lingering nightmare that is recycled every year. Cheng Changtai, Director of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering at Chengda University, points out, "In recent years, the river bed in Taiwan has fallen sharply, with an average fall height of about one meter per year, which is relatively rare in countries around the world." Leader Wang Ruide of the Water Resources Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs pointed out: "When designing a bridge, you should consider factors such as the local erosion of the river bed, changes in the river flow path, and the difficulty of grasping the river properties to determine the depth of the pier foundation." Many early-designed high-standard bridges, such as the Zhongsha Bridge on the expressway, are still inevitable because of the normal exposure of the bridge foundation, which horrifies bridge users; iron and highway bridges designed under general standards (such as the Gaoping Bridge , Ziqiangqiao, etc.), how can you avoid it? The main purpose of the bridge scouring monitoring system is to reflect the scouring depth of the bridge's base support in real time, so as to judge the safety of the bridge, which is an integral part of the bridge safety monitoring system. Please refer to Annex I, published in 1989 by Li Youfeng and Lin Anyan

589586 V. Description of the invention (2) Part of the photo of the book Bridge Inspection Evaluation and Reinforcement, as can be seen from Annex I, there are two forms of the system currently used to monitor the pier scour, namely the surface type (picture of Annex I) 1 4 — 4) and embedded type (Figure 1 4-3 of Annex 1). The disadvantages of the surface design are as follows: 1. When installing the sensor, it is necessary to excavate the part below the bridge foundation so that one side of the caisson or pile is completely exposed. It is not practical to install it when the new bridge foundation is under construction. If it is used for an existing existing bridge, the bridge pier depth in the early design is generally insufficient, so it will be extremely difficult in construction. 2. Earth, rocks, and foreign objects engulfed in floods can easily damage the exposed monitoring sensors and ducts (containing energy supply facilities) under high impact forces, causing the line to be interrupted and all monitoring functions to be permanently lost. This situation is likely to have occurred at the beginning or middle of a flood, and the “maximum scour depth” obtained naturally cannot be agreed. More importantly, in the event of damage, the monitoring sensors and ducts in the entire line must be rebuilt and installed, and the original monitoring function cannot be restored with limited funds. In addition, there is still the difficulty that the monitoring point is too close to the lower foundation and cannot be moved to other locations at will. The disadvantages of the embedded design are as follows: 1. It is necessary to drill holes in the foundation of the bridge pier during installation, which makes construction extremely difficult. 2. Due to the mechanical structure, it is easy to cause operation difficulties or failure due to wear, misalignment, deformation of gears or chains. 3. There are still some pipelines and mechanical equipment that must be buried on one side of the caissons or piles, which is susceptible to floods, and also has the inconvenience of large excavation, installation and construction. In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and uncertainties, we must use another thinking model to develop a set of constructions that are convenient for construction, not afraid of floods, and safe and reliable.

589586 V. Description of the invention (3) --- Instrument system, if this system can still be fixed at any position in the river bed ~ Lai Bridge Pier foundation is fixed, its use will be more progressively installed 'do not rely on [purpose and effect] The main purpose is to solve the above-mentioned problems and connect your soil layer scour monitoring method and its system. Because of monitoring purpose, it is buried in the soil layer from top to bottom. Therefore, when each transmitter of the soil layer is connected, Send different hairs one by one according to different scouring depths. When scouring, they will float up and use the vibration sensor in the transmitter to detect the scouring movement or the transmitter to send out different coded radio signals, respectively. 2 by 2 wires The signal receiving device of the electric signal is read by the computer after receiving the signal, and j is provided by the effect of real-time scouring depth on the upper layer of the ground. j Achieving monitoring and learning soil A second purpose of the present invention is to enable timely transmission of the effect of knowing by transmitting depth to the early warning device for interpretation '. G message, early warning [Technical content] The present invention provides a soil erosion monitoring method. The layer erosion monitoring system includes: The soil: several transmitters, which are equipped with h transmitters. When the transmitter Han Yingyi and the radio signal transmitters emit-edit L or rotate, the radio signals are encoded without ^ ^ ^ A radio receiving device, used to receive the π 发 number sent by the transmitter, and interpret the encoding code of the computer by a computer; 彳 ° aid the location of the transmitter, an early warning device, /, /, 14 Computers for radio receiving equipment

Page 7 589586 V. Description of the invention (4) Receive the detected information for interpretation, so as to issue a timely warning. The soil layer scouring monitoring method of the present invention is embedded in the soil layer with a plurality of transmitters arranged from the top to the bottom. When the soil layer is washed, each transmitter will be washed and moved one by one due to the different soil depth. Radio signals with different codes are sent separately to be read by the signal receiver installed on the ground to monitor the real-time scour depth of the soil layer, and then transmit the detected real-time scour depth to the early warning device for timely transmission. Warning. The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood from the detailed description and accompanying drawings of the selected embodiments below. Of course, the present invention allows some differences in the arrangement or arrangement of other parts, but the selected embodiment is described in detail in this specification and its structure is shown in the drawings. [Detailed description of the embodiment] Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. The figure shows the structure of the embodiment of the present invention. This is for illustration purposes only and is not subject to such structure in patent applications. limit. The invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring soil erosion, and the soil erosion monitoring system includes: a plurality of transmitters 1 having a waterproof and sealed hollow ball shape made of impact-resistant and non-fragile plastic. The housing 1 1 is provided with a weight 1 2, a vibration sensor 13 and a radio signal transmitter 1 4. In this embodiment, the vibration sensor 13 is a vacuum magnetic spring. Switch, the overall configuration of the transmitter 1 will make its specific gravity less than one and it will be in the form of a floating body, and the transmitter 1 is with a weight of 12 on one side or above

Page 8 (5) V. The balance of the invention description, the battery of a base 1 and the vibration of 1 2 are sensed by the radio, nothing, 4 hair, brain 2 i, and a real-time pre-reading computer 2 to read. The depth shown in the figure 2 is different when the signal is different or rotated upwards. The signal is washed in a timely and unstable form. 5 and the antenna, the other side, that is, the 2 1 3 induction ^ transmitter cable electrical receiving device The injected code is connected to the scour depth by electricity. The police devices 3 and 1 are connected, and they are buried at the interval of the soil layer at the appropriate time. ’The soil layer is washed away one by one, and the non-receiving equipment is sent 2 degrees, and then the warning signal is issued. 'As shown in Figure 3, the radio signal is transmitted crying = water glue A is attached to the antenna system and set to bite;: 4 contains a long-acting type as shown in Figure 3; relative to the heavy block to the transmitter 1 is C At the radio signal of the i ί code. n, 1 · No. L is transmitted by wireless and electric signals. 'The radio receiving device is a telegram. 2 1 Interpret the code signal to learn that the soil layer was washed. The police station detects 0, when the code is read, it is set to 3, and the base sends each wireless code. The time stamp and wireless real-time flushing are in the soil layer. The transmitter 1 will report. 1 The electrical signal is used to monitor the depth of the brush transmission device. 2 The depth is judged from the top to the bottom. 1 For example, if the first layer is washed by the soil layer, it will vibrate when the deep layer is washed. The turn-based early warning device takes the soil erosion monitoring method of the present invention and the instantaneous instantaneous erosion depth in the vicinity as an example. It is used to monitor the standard penetration test commonly used in bridge pier construction methods. Sender

Page 9 589586 V. Description of the invention (6)! ”Downward, buried at a fixed depth interval ~ απ ～ 1 0 〇CD1 soil layer on the side of about 50 places + & pass through for maximum scour depth occurs. When Transmitter 1 and base Ί At this time, Transmitter 1 is covered by soil :: Soil 3: 爰 Hydrophilic glue A will be dissolved; the original weight ... on the seat 15, and the vibration sensor 13 is disconnected. Thousands of instability form, so that when the river continues to enter the soil layer; brush / clothing, and make each transmitter i by _ j, the degree of clothing will gradually increase the exposure of the soil layer, such as the first brush: the unearthed layer 'When the transmitter 1 is in the weight of 12 bits, it will float in the water, and the transmitter will be lifted; layer t, therefore, the report will cry; soil :: a balanced and unstable form buried in the soil and vibrates, making the report; = Due to the state of being balanced by the river water, the center will rotate or == make the weight t2 face down to form the vibrating power; "Cry 1 q ^ s is sensed by the vibration sensor 1 3, so that the magnetic switch is turned on.) After the power is turned on, the signal will be “C” until there is no power at all, and the wireless transmitter; 4 The transmitting power is about 25 MW, which is effective in the band. : The diameter is about 3 km, and the 2 series included in the radio signal transmitter i 4 is a battery. After 24 months of storage, it still maintains 65% of the force. If the radio signal transmitter 丄 4 With a transmission power of 250 MW, a transmission time of 1 dmin. When the transmitter is floating, the antenna of the electric signal transmitter 14 will be directed upward to facilitate the transmission of radio signals. ^ Page 10 _1 589586

Connect to the radio, when the radio is connected: device 2; = = 益 The benefit line electricity emitted on the bridge or at the bridge head = f received the radio signal transmitter 14 issued by :: 之… 、、. 泉 “No. 5, Since each transmission signal is buried in the soil layer t 0, a different reading code is used to determine the transmission signal i / again, so it can be known from the electric Feng 2 1 how much the river water is buried in the soil layer. At the depth, the measured depth of scouring depth: Wired: The computer will set the early warning of the control center to 3, so that it can be pre-set to the disaster setting, and based on the preset warning value, action value, etc. = Interpret the scour depth lock alarm to prevent the occurrence of inflammation., Τ issued a warning alarm or closed the field and reported that it was 1 after being buried for two years, and the long-term effect is insufficient. At this time, as long as the power that passes through the test construction according to the standard may be 1 to the soil layer You can continue to monitor the work 2 to re-embed a new reporting system, the cost of which is very low. It can be used without replacing the entire group. The housing 1 of the transmitter 1 can be in accordance with the actual shape, for example: used in The soil of the river bed is designed in different shapes to meet the requirements. 9 /, Can be made into a sphere or cubic1. However, the soil erosion of the present invention monitors the danger zone of earth and rock to monitor the occurrence of earth and rock flow. / A system can also be used to monitor the river in the area of flow diversion. Or when the river is used in the earth-rock flow danger zone, it can: the mainstream diversion of X students. The flow velocity and flow direction occur, and it is a charging system and system that can monitor the earth-rock flow for a long-term monitoring of the effect, and use a thinner power cord; Layer, can add solar energy to each transmitter 1 for charging

589586 V. Description of the invention (8) Electricity. When earth and rock flow occurs, the power line will be disconnected and dropped off, causing the transmitter 1 to be washed and moved. In addition, the soil erosion monitoring system of the present invention can also be installed in a river channel to monitor the changes in the hydrogeological environment of the river for a long time, and this long-term monitoring work does not require the use of an early warning device 3, and only the computer 2 1 It is sufficient to record the data of the scour depth, which can be used as the reference data when the project is carried out in the river channel in the future. In summary, since the transmitters 1 for monitoring are buried in the soil layer from the top to the bottom, when the soil layer is washed away, different transmitters 1 will be one by one according to different scour depths. The scouring movement is detected by the vibration sensor 1 3 in the transmitter 1, and the radio signal transmitter 14 sends out differently coded radio signals to be received by the signal receiving device 2 on the ground and then by the computer 2 1 reading code, and can achieve the effect of monitoring the real-time scour depth of the soil layer; further, by transmitting the detected real-time scour depth to the early warning device 3 for interpretation, a warning signal can be issued in time to achieve the effect of early warning. Of course, there are many examples of the implementation of the present invention, with only the details changed. For example, in addition to installing a set of signal receiving equipment 2 on the bridge, one or two sets of receiving antennas can also be installed about 500 m downstream of the bridge for backup. After the signal is received, it is transmitted via wired or wireless transmission to the computer 21 in a safe area for processing and analysis. The disclosure of the embodiments described above is used to illustrate the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, any change in the value or replacement of equivalent components should still belong to the scope of the present invention.

Page 12 589586 V. Description of the invention (9) From the above detailed description, those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention can indeed achieve the aforementioned purpose, and that it has actually complied with the provisions of the Patent Law and filed a patent application. Attachment 1: Partial copy of the book Bridge Inspection, Evaluation and Reinforcement, published by Li Youfeng and Lin Anyan in 1989

Page 13 589586 Brief description of the diagram. Figure 1 is the configuration diagram of the soil erosion monitoring system of the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the soil erosion monitoring system of the present invention. Figure 3 is the transmitter of the present invention glued to the base. Schematic diagram of buried in the soil layer. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmitter of the present invention floating after being washed away. [Illustration of drawing number]

Housing 1 1 Vibration sensor 1 3 Base 1 5 Computer 2 1 Hydrophilic glue A (part of the present invention) Transmitter 1 Weight 1 2

Radio signal transmitters 1 4 Radio receiving equipment 2 Early warning devices 3 Position B

Page U

Claims (1)

589586 VI. Scope of patent application1. A soil erosion monitoring method, which consists of a plurality of transmitters buried in the soil layer from top to bottom at predetermined depth intervals. When the soil layer is washed, each transmitter will be affected by soil. Layers have different scouring depths and are scoured one by one. When each transmitter is shaken, it will vibrate or rotate to emit radio signals with different codes. The signals will be read by the signal receiving device installed on the ground to monitor the soil. The real-time scour depth of the layer, and then transmit the detected real-time scour depth to the early warning device to issue a warning signal in a timely manner. 2 · —Soil layer erosion monitoring system, including: a plurality of transmitters, the transmitters have a waterproof and sealed housing, the housing is provided with a weight, a vibration sensor and a radio signal transmitter, the radio The signal transmitter contains a long-lasting battery. When the vibration sensor senses that the transmitter is washed away and shakes or rotates, the radio signal transmitter emits a coded radio signal; a radio receiving device, which is It is used to receive the encoded signal transmitted by a radio signal transmitter. The radio receiving device is connected to a computer, and the computer decodes the encoded signal to know the instantaneous scour depth of the soil layer being washed away. 3. The soil erosion monitoring system according to item 2 of the scope of the patent application, which further includes an early warning device, which is connected to the computer of the radio receiving equipment to receive the detected instantaneous erosion depth and interpret it, 俾In order to issue a timely warning. 4 · The soil erosion monitoring system described in item 2 of the scope of patent application, which Page 15 589586 6. In the scope of the patent application, the housing of the transmitter is in a balanced and unstable form with a heavy block on one side. It is adhered to a base by a hydrophilic glue, so that the transmitter and the base are buried in the soil layer. It will be dissolved. After the soil layer is washed away, the floating ball transmitter will move and rotate or vibrate, so as to be detected by the vibration sensor and the encoded signal to be transmitted by the radio signal transmitter. 5. The soil erosion monitoring system according to item 2 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the vibration sensor is a vacuum reed switch. 6. The soil erosion monitoring system according to item 2 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the transmitter is made into a floating body with an overall specific gravity of less than one. 7. The soil erosion monitoring system according to item 6 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the antenna of the transmitter's radio signal transmitter is located in the casing opposite to the side where the weight is located, and the transmitter floats on the transmitter. At the beginning, the antenna of the radio signal transmitter can be directed upward to facilitate the transmission of radio signals. Page 16