CN108184558A - A kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river - Google Patents
A kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184558A CN108184558A CN201711442853.0A CN201711442853A CN108184558A CN 108184558 A CN108184558 A CN 108184558A CN 201711442853 A CN201711442853 A CN 201711442853A CN 108184558 A CN108184558 A CN 108184558A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river, the first step：The laying size of three dimensional network is determined according to the width in river and shape, three-dimension vegetative net is cut, three-dimension vegetative net is set in river bottom mud；Second step：In the upstream of three-dimension vegetative net, there are one overfall dams for setting, in the front end of three-dimension vegetative net, lay rockfill area, the three-dimension vegetative net is fixed by enrockment；Third walks：Submerged plant or submerged plant seed are provided in the three-dimension vegetative net.The present invention is by being configured the anti-impact brush-type submerged plant that well developed root system, branch are long and narrow, soft, add the submerged plants fixation implantation methods such as three-dimension vegetative net, and locally pressure stone fixes three dimensional network, solves the problems, such as mountain area property river Submerged plant communities structure and system long-time stability.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of suitable for mountain area property river the present invention relates to agriculture field more particularly to submerged plant
Submerged plant fixation implantation methods.
Background technology
Status of the submerged plant in aquatic ecosystem is irreplaceable.Submerged plant provides more raw to aquatic animal
Work is inhabited and sheltered situation, and can increase the dissolved oxygen in water, purifies water, expands effective living space of aquatic animal, together
When, the young tender part of submerged plant is ingested again for aquatic animal, so as to improve entire aquatic ecosystem.Submerged plant is in water
Restoration of the ecosystem especially improve water visibility and Landscape construction in terms of effect be increasingly subject to the attention of people.Common heavy water is planted
The implantation methods of object are as follows：
First, fork planting method
The general bamboo pole pitched with a headband or rod make tool, and during operation, operating personnel with the stem for forking plant, pitches by ship
Enter in water.This method is suitable for the submerged plant to grow thickly, such as black algae (Hydrillaverticillata), Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum
(Myriophyllumspicatum), Potamogeton pectinatus L (Potamogetonpectinatus, water quality grass
(Cabombacaroliniana) etc..Or the more plants of plantations of Dan Sheng, such as by eel grass (Vallisnerianatans), leaf of bamboo eye
It is planted after the 5-6 plants of bindings such as dish (P.malaianus).
2nd, throwing method
Direct throwing method：Such as hornwort (Ceratophyllumdemersum), water caltrop (P.crispus) can directly be thrown into water
In, suitable for hydrostatic body, it is unsuitable for current water.Behind several days, these plants can slowly sink under water naturally, sprouting of taking root
Sprouting.
Wrap up non-woven fabrics：With non-woven wraps planting soil and plant root, throwing enters in water, and root sinks under water, plant
Originally it is grown by the planting soil in package.Grouted suitable for bottom or without the water system that soft bed mud is developed, single raw submerged plant with
And because seedling source anxiety uses the submerged plant of cuttage plantation, such as black algae, waterweed (Elodeacanadensis), leaf of bamboo eye
Dish etc..
3rd, other methods
Water bottom builds plantation channel process, container nursery planting method, outstanding bag planting method, heavy bag planting method etc. by laying bricks or stones.
However, above-mentioned implantation methods are primarily adapted for use in submerged plant in the more slow river of the water volume flow rates such as Plain water system
Plantation.Using above-mentioned implantation methods, as water volume flow rate 0.1 m/s of ＜, submerged plant survival rate is high, well-grown, to ecology
There is no influence for system；It is the secure threshold of the ecosystem as water volume flow rate 0.3-0.5 m/s；The as flow velocity 0.9 m/s of ＞
Only part submerged plant can take root survival, and the ecosystem is destroyed.Mountain area property river, since relief changes, water body
Flow velocity is often bigger, conventional implantation methods, it is impossible to meet submerged plant growth particularly initial planting and take root asking for survival
Topic so that the scope of application of water ecology recovery technique is restricted.
Fork planting method and throwing method, big for water volume flow rate, the strong surface drainage of scouring capability does not apply to simultaneously, and the water that sinks is planted
Object is difficult to fixed growth in high flow velocity water body so that the structure of water ecosystem is difficult to realize so that management service cost
It increases.
Water bottom, which is built by laying bricks or stones, selects wooden case, bamboo basket, wicker basket etc. as the planter of plantation channel process, after filling soil plantation,
It is easily turned in water by stormy waves, compost and its fertilizer efficiency is made to be easy to be lost in water or even pollute water quality, and this method is only applicable in
In small water, construction is troublesome, complicated for operation, and cost is higher.
Outstanding bag planting method, heavy bag planting method are primarily adapted for use in shallower water system, the gentle section of topography, construction trouble, cost
It is higher.
Invention content
It is described the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river
This submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river will solve the side of of the prior art kind of planting submerged plant
The technical issues of method construction is complicated, of high cost, submerged plant is difficult to fixed growth in high flow velocity water body.
The present invention provides a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river,
The first step：The laying size of three dimensional network is determined according to the width in river and shape, three-dimension vegetative net is cut, by three
Dimension vegetation net is set in river bottom mud；
Second step：In the upstream of three-dimension vegetative net, there are one overfall dams for setting, in the front end of three-dimension vegetative net, lay rockfill area,
The three-dimension vegetative net is fixed by enrockment；
Third walks：Submerged plant or submerged plant seed are provided in the three-dimension vegetative net.
Further, submerged plant turf is provided in the three-dimension vegetative net.
Further, at least two three-dimension vegetative nets, the height of the three-dimension vegetative net of upstream are provided in river bottom mud
Higher than the height of the three-dimension vegetative net in downstream.
The present invention adds three-dimension vegetative net by the way that the anti-impact brush-type submerged plant that well developed root system, branch are long and narrow, soft is configured
Submerged plants fixation implantation methods are waited, and locally pressure stone fixes three dimensional network, solve the submerged plant fixation plantation of mountain area property river and ask
Topic.
Three-dimension vegetative net is a kind of common bulkhead tech, is chiefly used in the side slope protection of river, lake, road.This method
Its purposes is developed, is planted for submerged plant fixation, it integrates geonet and the advantages of fixed vegetation, can effectively solve
Certainly submerged plant antiscour problem.Three-dimensional network technology not only significantly improves the field planting rate and survival rate of submerged vegetation, enhances it
The stability in root fixation riverbed, and the growth of submerged vegetation is also helped, while project cost is relatively low, meet ecological work
The developing direction of journey has very big application value in China's water and soil conservation and Water Ecological Recovery.
Three-dimension vegetative net mainly achievees the purpose that root system reinforcement, cauline leaf fluid erosion prevention by the vegetative activity of plant, by heavy
The processing of water plant anchor technology, can form dense vegetative coverage in water-bed water sludge interface, and disk is formed on river bed hydromorphic soil surface layer
The root system of root mistake section effectively inhibits erosion of the streamflow to bed mud, increases the shearing strength of river bed, heavy so as to increase substantially
The stability and erosion resistibility of water vegetation.
Three-dimension vegetative net combines the advantages of geonet and fixed submerged vegetation, plays the role of compound antiscour.It is heavy
Water vegetation coverage when luxuriant growth, can resist the bed velocity washed away up to that can bear washing away for heavy rain when more than 80%
Up to 6m/s.
Enrockment is interspersed in the upstream of three-dimension vegetative net in current scour larger part, implementation energy dissipating, especially for flood passage phase water
Body submerged plant reduces sluicing（Hydrostatic region longitudinal extent is about 15-30 times of energy-dissipating installation height）, three dimensional network is installed
In river bottom mud, and pressure stone is taken to fix, reduce flow and bed mud is washed away, create conditions for submerged plant growth, finally
Plant well developed root system, the submerged plant that branch is long and narrow, soft.Pay attention to：Either band mud submerged plant or washing water plant, kind
Taking root for regular period is required for grab the mud stage after planting project waters, when such as planting firm terminate i.e. into heavy rain season, can adopted
Take following quick protection measure：Modularization turf and structure submerged plant seed bank.
The present invention is compared with prior art, is had the technical effect that positive and apparent.The present invention solves general planting side
Method is not suitable for the problem of high flow velocity water body submerged plant growth survival, while solves mountain area property river Submerged plant communities structure
It builds and the problem of system long-time stability.The method of the present invention is suitable for the larger mountain area property river submerged plant of water volume flow rate
Fixation plantation, reduces limitation of the water volume flow rate to the application range of ecological reestablishment.The present invention is three-dimensional by enrockment energy dissipating
Net planting matrix, submerged plant are distributed rationally, and submerged vegetation can resist the sluicing of 6m/s or so.The method of the present invention, which has, builds
The advantages that simple and practicable, later maintenance is simple, Non-energy-consumption, relatively low cost is made, and submerged plant can absorb water in growth course
Nutriment in body, including nitrogen, phosphorus etc., the annual heavy water of in a planned way harvesting can be used in water body, wetland for eutrophication
The mode of plant shifts nutriment excessive in water body, and positive effect is played to alleviating body eutrophication.
Description of the drawings
A kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river that Fig. 1 is the present invention plant schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of three-dimension vegetative net that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the flow velocity vertical characteristics figure in the river containing submerged vegetation.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river,
The first step：The laying size of three-dimension vegetative net 4 is determined according to the width in river and shape, three-dimension vegetative net 4 is cut out
It cuts, three-dimension vegetative net 4 is set in river bottom mud, the mesh round slip surface in the three-dimension vegetative net 4 is perpendicular to flow side
To；
Second step：In the upstream of three-dimension vegetative net 4, there are one overfall dams 1 for setting, in the front end of three-dimension vegetative net 4, lay enrockment
Area 3, the three-dimension vegetative net 4 are fixed by enrockment；It realizes current scour energy dissipating, while pressure is played to three dimensional network in rockfill area
Stone fixed function；
Third walks：Submerged plant or submerged plant seed 2 are provided in the three-dimension vegetative net 3.
Further, it is provided with submerged plant turf 2 in the three-dimension vegetative net 4.
Further, at least two three-dimension vegetative nets 4, the height of the three-dimension vegetative net 4 of upstream are provided in river bottom mud
Degree is higher than the height of the three-dimension vegetative net 4 in downstream.
Specifically, plantation well developed root system, branch is long and narrow, soft anti-impact brush-type submerged plant 2 be in three dimensional network work lattice 4,
Underwater Submerged plant communities are formed, alternatively, being cultivated into advance using three dimensional network 4 near water plant cultivation base or construction site
Then three dimensional network plant turf 4 is bonded in river bottom mud or is suitble to heavy water what is be configured in three dimensional network work lattice 4 again
Plant grass-seed 2 after treatment, sows in river substrate, forms river submerged plant seed bank.
The complete water-bed covering of the realization submerged vegetation of economical and efficient of the present invention, greatly improves submerged plant entirety antiscour energy
Power.
2 Chongqing City Tiao Deng rivers of embodiment（Jiulongpo District section）Water Ecological Recovery engineering
River is pedaled in jump（Jiulongpo District section）For mountain stream, average gradient 2.4 ‰, average annual flow 0.89m3/s.Withered Ji Shiliu
Amount is smaller, generally in 0.2-0.5m3/ s, rainfall focused mostly in the 5-9 months, accounted for annual more than 70% rainfall, wet season daily flow velocity
Up to 0.8-2.0 m/s, therefore this case is configured with the anti-impact brush-type submerged plant that well developed root system, branch are long and narrow, soft, adds three-dimensional
The submerged plants fixation planting measures such as net, while the dissipating functions of overflow dam, enrockment are made full use of, and locally pressure stone fixes three-dimensional
Net.
Either band mud submerged plant or washing water plant, taking root for regular period is required for after plantation to project waters
The mud stage is grabbed, if duration and vegetation establishment period conflict, when engineering has just been completed and has entered heavy rain season, can be taken following fast
Fast safeguard procedures：
（1）Modularization turf either band mud submerged plant or washing water plant, are required for certain after plantation to project waters
The mud stage is grabbed in taking root for period, conflicts when duration and vegetation establishment period, when engineering has just been completed and has entered heavy rain season, needs
" stiffened laminated shells " is taken to carry out quick protection to engineering, so as to the protection against erosion vegetation covered after being completed comprehensively." reinforcement
Turf " cultivates into submerged plant turf in advance using three-dimension vegetative net on the vacant lot near water plant cultivation base or building site, so
After be laid with to submerged plant configuring area.
（2）Submerged plant seed bank is built while water plant is configured, the suitable submerged plant grass-seed being configured, warp
After crossing processing, sow in river substrate, form river submerged plant seed bank.This is by the full water of realization submerged vegetation of economical and efficient
Bottom covers, and greatly improves submerged plant entirety erosion resistibility.
The energy dissipating unhurried current of Yong mill weirs and enrockment acts on：
Project section is equipped with 50cm high Yong mill weirs, while enrockment will be interspersed during submerged plant planting and implements energy dissipating, especially for row
The big vast less sluicing of phase water body submerged plant（Hydrostatic region longitudinal extent is about 15-30 times of energy-dissipating installation height）.
Correlative study shows that the rivers current speed vertical characteristics of no plant regional in " J " type, meet log series model pass
System；There is plant regional, regardless of whether flooding, flow rate of water flow vertical characteristics are in " S " type, distribution pattern such as Fig. 2（Abscissa is opposite
The depth of water, wherein H are the bottom of from a distance from, and Z is the depth of water, and U is flow velocity m/s）It is shown：
There are a flow velocity lines of demarcation, at an upper portion thereof flow velocity to become larger for the vertical flow rate profiles of flow containing submerged plant, lower part
Flow velocity becomes smaller, near relative water depth H/Z=0.3.It is line of demarcation with H/Z=0.3：More than line of demarcation, flow velocity becomes larger, and plant is got over
Close, flow velocity is bigger；In line of demarcation hereinafter, flow velocity reduces, plant is closeer, and flow velocity is smaller.
By heavy enrockment energy dissipating, three dimensional network planting matrix, submerged plant is distributed rationally, and submerged vegetation can resist 5m/s's or so
Sluicing, this pedals river wet season daily water velocity much larger than jump；Global design crest discharge in section is 379m3/ s, mainstream
Depth of water 3.7m, water velocity about 8m/s individually consider the energy dissipating unhurried current effect of vegetation in itself, submerged vegetation height（0.6m）With water
The ratio between deep H/Z is 0.15, and in 0.3 line of demarcation hereinafter, flow velocity reduces, plant is closeer, and flow velocity is smaller, water layer stream residing for submerged plant
Speed is less than 3m/s, the range that can be born in submerged plant.This programstatus submerged plant growth is good.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
The first step：The laying size of three-dimension vegetative net is determined according to the width in river and shape, three-dimension vegetative net is cut,
Three-dimension vegetative net is set in river bottom mud；
Second step：One overfall dam is set in the upstream of three-dimension vegetative net, in the front end of three-dimension vegetative net, lays rockfill area, institute
The three-dimension vegetative net stated is fixed by enrockment；
Third walks：Submerged plant or submerged plant seed are set in the three-dimension vegetative net.
2. a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river according to claim 1, feature exist
In：Submerged plant turf is set in the three-dimension vegetative net.
3. a kind of submerged plant fixation implantation methods suitable for mountain area property river according to claim 1, feature exist
In：At least two three-dimension vegetative nets are provided in river bottom mud, the height of the three-dimension vegetative net of upstream is higher than the three-dimensional in downstream
The height of vegetation net.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109231475A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-18 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | One kind is for river and lake bottom water sludge interface disturbance rejection plantation bed system and laying method |
| CN109763560A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-17 | 中铁四川生态城投资有限公司 | Terrace-type ecoscape lake and its construction method |
| CN111859293A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-30 | 长江武汉航道局 | Method for determining reasonable maintenance scale of long-river-section channel |
| CN112544430A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Transplanting device and construction method for temperate zone rock reef matrix seaweed bed |
| CN115072951A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for in-situ strengthening ecological restoration of river sediment |
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| CN112544430A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Transplanting device and construction method for temperate zone rock reef matrix seaweed bed |
| CN115072951A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for in-situ strengthening ecological restoration of river sediment |
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Address after: 201501 room 1957, 38 lane, Cao Li Road, Fengjing town, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 1957 Applicant after: Shanghai Taihe Water Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201501 room 1957, 38 lane, Cao Li Road, Fengjing town, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 1957 Applicant before: SHANGHAI TAIHE WATER ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20180622 |