CN109440726A - Built hard sea wall ecology structure system and method for construction - Google Patents
Built hard sea wall ecology structure system and method for construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109440726A CN109440726A CN201811609914.2A CN201811609914A CN109440726A CN 109440726 A CN109440726 A CN 109440726A CN 201811609914 A CN201811609914 A CN 201811609914A CN 109440726 A CN109440726 A CN 109440726A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure is arranged at land and sea junction, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure includes several precast concrete components and levee toe plant, levee crown zoology includes concrete frame, the corresponding levee crown plant of plantation in the concrete frame.Levee body ecological protection band includes levee body ontology, and levee body ontology is equipped with reticular structure and fixed structure, and reticular structure is fixed on levee body ontology and levee crown ontology by fixed structure, and levee body ontology reticular structure is equipped with spray phyteral.Not only can be reduced through the invention seawater etc. to the washing away of built hard sea wall, corrode, ecology architecture device is added on original hard sea wall, moreover it is possible to reinforce the protection to hard sea wall, to promote hard sea wall to the protective capacities of Oceanic disasters.Ecology framework through the invention can also make up built hard sea wall to the technological deficiency of coastal ecology environmental disruption, play the role of restoring coastal ecology function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to littoral zone regulations and ecological restoration technical field more particularly to a kind of built hard sea wall ecology
Structure system and method for construction.
Background technique
Most of existing built sea wall is hard sea wall, and structure is rigid structure, mainly copes with alluvion, more
Focus on flood control capacity, is typically chosen slurry and fills the structural shapes such as building block stone, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete block, sheet pile.
This hard sea wall gets up seashore surface-closed, has obstructed the interface channel of extra large land water and soil, completely cut off biology and
Contact of the microorganism with land, destroys the whole machine balancing in sea area, terrestrial ecosystems；Artificial material is built in seashore region
Sea wall destroys the natural environment that littoral marine organisms depend on for existence, and the water quality and water environment to surrounding waters produce negative shadow
It rings；Although hard sea wall section is uniform, sea wall lacks safeguard procedures, causes sea wall directly facing alluvion, weathers
Seriously, by the invention it is possible to reinforce the protection and protection to sea wall.
Therefore need to propose a kind of technical solution of good ecological environment that can rebuild sea wall region.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in the prior art the shortcomings that, provide a kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system and construction side
Method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is addressed by following technical proposals:
A kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system successively includes levee crown zoology, levee body ecological protection band and levee toe
Ecological wave prevention structure, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure are arranged at land and sea junction, and the levee toe ecology wave prevention structure includes several
Precast concrete component and the levee toe plant for being planted in precast concrete components interior, each precast concrete component from upper and
Under be arranged successively to form levee toe, the precast concrete component of bottom is arranged at levee toe low tide water level, the top it is prefabricated mixed
Solidifying soil component is arranged at levee toe high-tide level, and the levee crown zoology includes levee crown ontology and levee crown plant, the levee crown sheet
Body includes concrete frame, and the corresponding levee crown plant of plantation in the concrete frame, the levee body ecological protection band includes dike
Body ontology, the reticular structure and fixed structure that levee body ontology is equipped with, and the part-structure of the reticular structure extends to institute
It states at levee crown body edges, reticular structure is fixed on levee body ontology and levee crown ontology, the levee body sheet by the fixed structure
The reticular structure of body is equipped with spray phyteral.
As an embodiment, the precast concrete component is equipped with first through hole and multiple second through-holes, described
First through hole is levee toe plant species growing area, is equipped with mud in the levee toe plant species growing area, and levee toe is planted in the mud and is planted
Object, multiple second through-holes are interior to place cobblestone, and the center of multiple second through-holes is arranged in the first through hole.
As an embodiment, the reticular structure is the wire netting for plating PVC material, and the wire netting includes at least
It two, is generated at lap splice when every two wire netting is spliced, the fixed structure includes steel holdfast and dowel pin, the stake
Nail will extend into the part-structure of the reticular structure of the levee crown ontology and levee crown ontology is fixed and by the weight of wire netting
Folded stitching portion is fixed with levee body ontology, other regions of levee body ontology and wire netting are fixed the steel holdfast.
As an embodiment, the steel holdfast includes fixed part and stabilizers, and fixed part and stabilizers are mutually hung down
Direct-connected to connect, the length of the fixed part is 150-500mm.
As an embodiment, the spray phyteral include vegetable seeds, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer,
Water-retaining agent and binder；
Wherein, the planting soil is the drying sewage sludge after drying sewage sludge air-dries；The organic matter is after crushing fermentation
Crab shell, any one or a few in shrimp shell and fish-bone；The water-retaining agent is acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species
Water-retaining agent；The binder is polyethylene binder.
A kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction, comprising the following steps:
It is laid with concrete frame on the surface of levee crown ontology, is laid with pebble layer, pebble layer in concrete frame bottom
Top laying geotextile layer, the geotextile layer top are laid with mud, plant levee crown plant above the mud；
Roughening treatment is done to levee body ontology, reticular structure, institute are laid at levee body ontology and part levee crown body edges
It states reticular structure to be fixed by steel holdfast and dowel pin, to phyteral of sowing grass seeds by duster on the reticular structure；
To mud is laid in the first through hole of each precast concrete component of levee toe, levee toe is planted on the mud and is planted
Object, to placement cobblestone, the precast concrete component that levee toe plant will have been planted He placed cobblestone in each second through-hole
Be arranged successively from top to bottom so that bottom precast concrete component be arranged at levee toe low tide water level, the top it is prefabricated
Concrete member is arranged at levee toe high-tide level.
As an embodiment, the diameter of the cobblestone in the pebble layer of the concrete frame bottom laying is
5-8cm；In pebble layer be laid with mud with a thickness of 30-40cm；Above the mud plantation levee crown plant be saline-alkali tolerant,
The shrub of wind and wave resistance, the nursery stock of the shrub selection diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2-3cm, height 100-150cm, hat width 100-120cm, levee crown plant
Planting density be 0.8-1.2 square metres one plant.
As an embodiment, described that roughening treatment is done to levee body ontology, in levee body ontology and part levee crown sheet
Body edge is laid with reticular structure, and the reticular structure is fixed by steel holdfast and dowel pin, to spraying on the reticular structure
Broadcast spray phyteral specifically:
The reticular structure selected is the wire netting for plating PVC material, and the size of the mesh of the wire netting is 5cm*5cm-
The wire netting is layed on the levee body ontology by 15cm*15cm, and the iron wire network edge simultaneously extends to levee crown body edges
Place is no less than 50cm；
Wire netting and levee body ontology are fixed using steel holdfast, may extend to the wire netting of levee crown ontology using dowel pin
It is fixed, the wire netting two-by-two on the levee body ontology is spliced and formed lap, so that the width of lap
Degree is not less than 10cm, and the lap is fixed using dowel pin；The wire netting in other regions uses on the levee body ontology
Holdfast is fixed, and it is 45cm-55cm that spacing between the steel holdfast of wire netting is fixed on levee body ontology, in wire netting lap
Dowel pin quantity be 4-5 every square metre；
It sows grass seeds by duster phyteral, and is at least sowed grass seeds by duster twice on the levee body ontology for lay wire netting, the spray phyteral packet
Vegetable seeds, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and binder are included, the dosage of the vegetable seeds is every square
Rice 6-8g；The planting soil is drying sewage sludge, and mud partial size is not more than 10mm, and water content is no more than 10%；Planting soil and spray are planted
The ratio of substance is (93-96): 100, the organic matter is any one in crab shell, shrimp shell and fish-bone after crushing fermentation
Kind is several；The ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer and spray phyteral is (1-1.5): 100；The water-retaining agent is acrylamide-the third
The ratio of olefin(e) acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent and spray phyteral is (0.05-0.07): 100, the bonding
Agent is polyethylene binder, and the binder and the ratio for spraying phyteral are (0.03-0.05): 100.
As an embodiment, be laid in first through hole mud with a thickness of being not less than 20cm, second through-hole
Interior cobblestone is with a thickness of not less than 10cm.
As an embodiment, the plant planted at the levee toe low tide water level is macro plant, the dike
The plant planted at foot high-tide level is saline-alkali tolerant, resistance to water logging plant.
The present invention is due to using above technical scheme, with significant technical effect:
Built hard sea wall ecology structure system through the invention can be reduced the rushing to previous hard sea wall such as seawater
Ecological framework is added on original hard sea wall, can also reinforce to hard sea wall, prevent seawater pair for brush, erosion etc.
The erosion of sea wall and then the ability of preventing and reducing natural disasters for promoting hard sea wall；Since various plants are planted with planting patterns in by improving
Hard sea wall on, and sparse density is controllable, can embody excellent natural ecology effect and the ecology to water body
Clean-up effect；In addition, being also fully utilized by various shellfishes, the shell etc. in ocean, ocean rubbish is not only reduced, is also built hard
Matter sea wall ecology structure system provides well-fed fertilizer；It is made that by built hard sea wall ecology structure system a set of
Method of construction, has selected various planting plants according to marine climate in the construction process, finally makes these plants and improved
Hard sea wall ecology framework perfect combination, and provided with the second through-hole and kind for biological existences such as fishes and shrimps also in levee toe
The first through hole of levee toe plant is planted, creates favorable environment for micropopulation and levee toe plant, thus is conducive to improve seashore life
State environment.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of built hard sea wall ecology structure system；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of levee toe ecology wave prevention structure；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of steel holdfast；
Fig. 4 is the construction technology process of method of construction of the present invention.
Label declaration in attached drawing: 1, levee crown zoology；2, levee body ecological protection band；3, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure；11,
Concrete frame；12, levee crown plant；21, levee body ontology；22, levee body plant；23, steel holdfast；231, stabilizers；232, fixed
Portion；31, levee toe plant；32, precast concrete component；321, first through hole；322, the second through-hole.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, following embodiment be explanation of the invention and
The invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system, as shown in Figure 1, successively anti-including levee crown zoology 1, levee body ecology
Protecting band 2 and levee toe ecology wave prevention structure 3, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure 3 are arranged at land and sea junction, the levee toe ecology wave resistance knot
Structure 3 includes several precast concrete components 32 and the levee toe plant 31 being planted in inside precast concrete component 32, each
Precast concrete component 32 is arranged successively to form levee toe from top to bottom, and the setting of precast concrete component 32 of bottom is low in levee toe
At tide water level, the precast concrete component 32 of the top is arranged at levee toe high-tide level, and the levee crown zoology 1 includes levee crown
Ontology and levee crown plant 12, the levee crown ontology include concrete frame 11, the corresponding dike of plantation in the concrete frame 11
Plant 12 is pushed up, the levee body ecological protection band 2 includes the reticular structure and fixed knot that levee body ontology 21, levee body ontology 21 are equipped with
Structure, and the part-structure of the reticular structure extends at the levee crown body edges, the fixed structure is by reticular structure
It is fixed on levee body ontology 21 and levee crown ontology, the reticular structure of the levee body ontology 21 is equipped with spray phyteral.
Built hard sea wall ecology structure system through the invention can be reduced the rushing to previous hard sea wall such as seawater
Ecological framework is added on original hard sea wall, can also reinforce to hard sea wall, prevent seawater pair for brush, erosion etc.
The erosion of sea wall and then the service life for increasing hard sea wall；Since various plants are planted with planting patterns in improved hard
On matter sea wall, and sparse density is controllable, can embody excellent natural ecology effect and the ecological purification to water body
Effect.
More specifically, according to ocean condition characteristic, the levee crown plant 12 that levee crown zoology 1 can choose mainly has Gui
Willow, horse-tail, Hibiscus hamabo, Scaevola aemula, Katsuratree, Lan Ren etc. can choose according to the difference of the weather in south and the north etc.
Different levee crown plants 12, in the present embodiment, levee crown plant 12 is by taking Hibiscus hamabo as an example:
Concrete frame 11 is laid with first on levee crown surface；It is about 5-8cm's that 11 bottom of concrete frame, which is laid with partial size,
At least two layers of geotextile layer is arranged in pebble layer, pebble layer top, and the geotextile layer is non-woven geotextile, and specification is
Not less than 250g/m2, geotextile layer is to keep moisture, equipped with the seashore beach with a thickness of 30-40cm on geotextile layer
Mud is applied, saline-alkali tolerants, the wind and wave resistance shrubs such as Hibiscus hamabo etc. are planted on mud；
The levee crown plant 12 of plantation selects Hibiscus hamabo or other nursery stocks, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of this levee crown plant 12 is 2-3cm, high
Degree is 100-150cm, and hat width 100-120cm, it is 1*1 meters/strain that piece, which plants spacing, and selects crown full Hibiscus hamabo bag
Seed is planted, and guarantees the survival rate of planted plant.
The reticular structure be plate PVC material wire netting, the wire netting include at least two, every two wire netting into
It is generated at lap splice when row splicing, the fixed structure includes steel holdfast 23 and dowel pin, and the dowel pin will extend into the dike
Push up ontology reticular structure part-structure and levee crown ontology be fixed and by the lap splice of wire netting with levee body sheet
Body 21 is fixed, other regions of levee body ontology 21 and wire netting are fixed the steel holdfast 23.In addition, in order to make
Fixed stronger of steel holdfast 23, the structure of steel holdfast 23 is as shown in figure 3, the steel holdfast 23 includes fixed part 232 and steady
Determine portion 231, fixed part 232 and stabilizers 231 are mutually connected vertically, and the length of the fixed part 232 is 150-500mm.
The spray phyteral includes vegetable seeds, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and binder；
Wherein, the planting soil is drying sewage sludge；The organic matter is crab shell, shrimp shell and the fish-bone after crushing fermentation
In any one or a few；The water-retaining agent is acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species water-retaining agent；The binder
For polyethylene binder.In further detail, in the present embodiment, since marine environment is more severe, the plant species that is typically chosen
Son will have the strong vegetable seeds of stronger resistance or salt resistance alkali, Anti-Typhoon etc., nitrogen fixing capacity, can just take root so more
Securely, by that will not be outwelled after the attack of typhoon etc.；Northerly words, generally using alkali, fluffy, Korea lawn grass, Bermuda grass etc. are planted
Object, and in south, the generally plants such as plantation scirpus triqueter, Korea lawn grass, cogongrass, Bermuda grass, in order to enable levee body plant more resistant to wind-force and
Sea water resistance washes away, and the dosage standard of seed is 6-8g/m2；
Planting soil: typically gathering materials on the spot, and using the drying sewage sludge after desiccation, pulverization process, plants institute as spray
The planting soil used, not only save the cost, but also be conducive to sea wall slope plants and grow；
The planting soil maximum particle diameter used in the present invention should be less than 10mm, and water content is no more than 10%, and content accounts for spray and plants
96% or so of material composition；
Organic matter: the use of organic matter is mainly the fertility for increasing soil and the aeration for guaranteeing soil, and the present embodiment has
Machine matter is common crab shell, shrimp shell and the fish-bone etc. after crushing, spontaneous fermentation in seashore, and under normal circumstances, organic matter contains
Amount accounts for 3% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Slow-release compound fertilizer: in the soil, slow-release compound fertilizer energy slow release crop nutrient, therefore its fertilizer efficiency is lasting, one
Secondary application is able to satisfy that plant is entire or several seasons of growth are to the needs of nutrient；In order to guarantee the fertilizer in later period growing process
Material demand, the azophoska mould assembly slow-release compound fertilizer of selection, slow-release compound fertilizer content account for 1% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Water-retaining agent: since levee body ontology 21 is substantially waterproof, and pole is not easy to store moisture, can will be dropped using water-retaining agent
Rain or seawater absorb rapidly and are expanded into gel for Moisture Content in Storage, are just released to plant use when arid at leisure；?
This, water-retaining agent selects acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species product, and the specification of such water-retaining agent is: pH value range is
5-9, water absorbent rate >=400g water/lg, rate of water absorption < 20min, rate of water absorption refer to that water-retaining agent reaches the suction water saturated time,
The content of water-retaining agent accounts for 0.05% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Binder: to avoid the natural causes such as wind and rain, wave from causing the plantation base being sprayed in sea wall slope surface lapping
Erosion, wash away, it is necessary to suitable binder is added, promote to spray by binder the wire netting of phyteral and levee body ontology 21 into
The anti-erosion that row coheres, enhances matrix itself is washed away；The present embodiment uses polyethylene binder, and meets following provisions: degree
(Brookfied20 turns/rain) > 1500CPS；Minimum film forming humidity is 10 DEG C, and the content of binder accounts for spray phyteral assembly
0.05% or so divided.
Carrying out corresponding levee body plant 22 in order to preferably nurture, spray plants number and fully considers oceanic tide situation, and one
As spray plant twice or more than twice, spray will select to start to construct at ebb tide in climax when planting, by climax to 6 hours of low tide
It is interior, it completes spray for the first time and plants, 15~25cm of jet thickness；Until Second High Tide to 6 hours of time of low water, completes second and spray
It plants, jet thickness 5-10cm, the final average thickness for spraying phyteral should be greater than 20~30cm should be in levee body ontology after spray is planted
Upper cover sunshade net covers the time about 10~15 days；After seedling all sprouts 1 month, irrigation amount can be in a planned way reduced, until after tri-leaf period
Start to control water.In this embodiment, levee body ontology is exactly the levee body of original hard sea wall in fact.
More specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, precast concrete component 32 used by levee toe ecology wave prevention structure 3 is equipped with the
One through-hole 321 and multiple second through-holes 322, the first through hole 321 are levee toe plant species growing area, the levee toe plant species growing area
It is interior to be equipped with mud, levee toe plant 31 is planted in the mud, places cobblestone in multiple second through-holes 322.It is prefabricated mixed
Solidifying soil component 32 is generally hexagon or quadrangle, and a length of 50cm of bottom sides or so is highly 30cm or so, first through hole
321 size (length, width and height) is that 30cm*20cm*30cm either other sizes are ok, and has 6 on precast concrete component 32
Diameter is 5cm, and depth is the second through-hole 322 up and down of 30cm, and the second through-hole 322 is that other sizes can also be in addition, institute
State the center that multiple second through-holes 322 are arranged in first through hole 321.
It is packed into drying sewage sludge in first through hole 321, with a thickness of 20cm or other thickness.According to seashore tide
Feature and climate characteristic, as there are the fluffy class plant of mangrove plant, alkali, Fischer in sea level to the plant that plantation may be selected between high tide level
The saline-alkali tolerants such as careless class, resistance to water logging plant；As sea level between low tide may be selected plantation plant have sargassum fusifome, sargassum,
The macros such as thallus laminariae, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts；
The plant planted in first through hole 321 can effectively absorb the Eutrophication materials such as the N P and K in seawater, reach
To the purpose of purifying sea water；Meanwhile cavernous structure can make water flow generate small vortex, first through hole 321 can be coastal waters fishes and shrimps
Crab etc. provides the good space for inhabiting breeding；
The cobblestone of about 10cm thickness is put into the second through-hole 322, seaweed growth easy to attach is on cobblestone, cobblestone
Food source is provided to the Shui nationality animal such as marine fish, shrimp, crab, also good place is provided for marine organisms oviposition, in goose
Oviposition is laid eggs compared on concrete on cobble, and hatching rate will greatly improve.
Generally speaking: filling cobblestone in the second through-hole 322 of this precast concrete component 32, cobblestone is relatively easy to sea
Algae attachment is bred, and the food source of the Shui nationality such as marine fish, shrimp, crab is provided, and constructs the optimal natural environment of Shui nationality forage；
Second through-hole, 322 internal diameter be from top to bottom it is different, be fabricated to the different internal diameter of diameter, can thus make
Water flow generates small vortex, promotes purification of water quality inside and outside hole, and more gaps in hole are also juvenile fish, juvenile prawn etc. provides and inhabites numerous plant
Space.
32 good water permeability of precast concrete component, in horizontal plane component below can planting aquatic plants to absorb water body
In nitrogen and phosphorus element, or for the animal habitats such as fish and crust multiply.
From the aspects of ecoscape, root system of plant is taken root by the first through hole 321 of precast concrete component 32 to sea
Overall stability is improved in subsoil body, while protecting entire levee toe safe, and forms water plant ecoscape.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction, as shown in Figure 4, comprising the following steps:
S100, it is laid with concrete frame on the surface of levee crown ontology, is laid with pebble layer, goose ovum in concrete frame bottom
Laying geotextile layer above rock layers, the geotextile layer top are laid with mud, and plantation levee crown is planted above the mud
Object；
S200, roughening treatment is done to levee body ontology, netted knot is laid at levee body ontology and part levee crown body edges
Structure, the reticular structure are fixed by steel holdfast and dowel pin, to phyteral of sowing grass seeds by duster on the reticular structure；
S300, to mud is laid in the first through hole of each precast concrete component of levee toe, planted on the mud
Levee toe plant, to placement cobblestone, the concrete that levee toe plant will have been planted He placed cobblestone in each second through-hole
Native component is arranged successively from top to bottom, so that the precast concrete component of bottom is arranged at levee toe low tide water level, the top
Precast concrete component be arranged at levee toe high-tide level.
In the step s 100, the cobblestone diameter that the concrete frame bottom is laid with is 5-8cm；It is laid in pebble layer
Mud with a thickness of 30-40cm；Plantation levee crown plant is saline-alkali tolerant, wind and wave resistance shrub above the mud, selects the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
The nursery stock of 2-3cm, height 100-150cm, hat width 100-120cm, levee crown fabric spacing are 0.8-1.2 square metres one plant.
In specific embodiment, according to ocean condition characteristic, the plant that levee crown zoology can choose mainly has Chinese tamarisk, wood fiber crops
Huang, Hibiscus hamabo, Scaevola aemula, Katsuratree, Lan Ren etc. can choose different according to the difference of the weather in south and the north etc.
Levee crown plant, in the present embodiment, levee crown plant is by taking Hibiscus hamabo as an example:
Concrete frame is laid on the surface of levee crown ontology；Concrete frame bottom is laid with the goose ovum that partial size is about 5-8cm
Rock layers, are arranged at least two layers of geotextile layer above pebble layer, and geotextile layer is non-woven geotextile, specification be not less than
250g/m2, geotextile layer is to keep moisture, equipped with the seashore mudflat sludge with a thickness of 30-40cm on geotextile layer
Layer plants saline-alkali tolerants, the wind and wave resistance shrubs such as Hibiscus hamabo etc. on mud.
The specification of the levee crown plant of plantation is: the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of Hibiscus hamabo or other nursery stocks is 2-3cm, is highly 100-
150cm, hat width 100-120cm, it is 1*1 meters/strain that piece, which plants spacing, and crown full Hibiscus hamabo bag seed is selected to plant,
Guarantee the survival rate of planted plant.
In step s 200, described that roughening treatment is done to levee body ontology, in levee body ontology and part levee crown body edges
Place is laid with reticular structure, and the reticular structure is fixed by steel holdfast and dowel pin, to plant of sowing grass seeds by duster on the reticular structure
Substance specifically:
The reticular structure selected is the wire netting for plating PVC material, and the size of the mesh of the wire netting is 5cm*5cm-
The wire netting is layed on the levee body ontology by 15cm*15cm, and the iron wire network edge simultaneously extends to levee crown body edges
Place is no less than 50cm；
Wire netting and levee body ontology are fixed using steel holdfast, may extend to the wire netting of levee crown ontology using dowel pin
It is fixed, the wire netting two-by-two on the levee body ontology is spliced and formed lap, so that the width of lap
Degree is not less than 10cm, and the lap is fixed using dowel pin；The wire netting in other regions uses on the levee body ontology
Holdfast is fixed, and it is 45cm-55cm that spacing between the steel holdfast of wire netting is fixed on levee body ontology, in wire netting lap
Dowel pin quantity be 4-5 every square metre；
It sows grass seeds by duster phyteral, and is at least sowed grass seeds by duster twice on the levee body ontology for lay wire netting, the spray phyteral packet
Vegetable seeds, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and binder are included, the dosage of the vegetable seeds is every square
Rice 6-8g；The planting soil is drying sewage sludge, and mud partial size is not more than 10mm, and water content is no more than 10%；Planting soil and spray are planted
The ratio of substance is (93-96): 100, the organic matter is any one in crab shell, shrimp shell and fish-bone after crushing fermentation
Kind is several；The ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer and spray phyteral is (1-1.5): 100；The water-retaining agent is acrylamide-the third
The ratio of olefin(e) acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent and spray phyteral is (0.05-0.07): 100, the bonding
Agent is polyethylene binder, and the binder and the ratio for spraying phyteral are (0.03-0.05): 100.
In a particular embodiment, since marine environment is more severe, the vegetable seeds being typically chosen will have stronger anti-
By force against property or salt resistance alkali, Anti-Typhoon etc., nitrogen fixing capacity etc.；Northerly words, generally fluffy, Korea lawn grass, Bermuda grass etc. using alkali
Plant, and in south, the generally plants such as plantation scirpus triqueter, Korea lawn grass, cogongrass, Bermuda grass, in order to enable levee body plant is more resistant to wind-force
It is washed away with sea water resistance, the dosage standard of seed is 6-8g/m2；
Planting soil: typically gathering materials on the spot, and using the drying sewage sludge after desiccation, pulverization process, plants institute as spray
The planting soil used, not only save the cost, but also be conducive to sea wall slope plants and grow；
The planting soil maximum particle diameter used in the present invention should be less than 10mm, and water content is no more than 10%, and content accounts for spray and plants
96% or so of material composition；
Organic matter: the use of organic matter is mainly the fertility for increasing soil and the aeration for guaranteeing soil, and the present embodiment has
Machine matter is common crab shell, shrimp shell and the fish-bone etc. after crushing, spontaneous fermentation in seashore, and under normal circumstances, organic matter contains
Amount accounts for 3% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Slow-release compound fertilizer: in the soil, slow-release compound fertilizer energy slow release crop nutrient, therefore fertilizer efficiency is lasting, once
Application is able to satisfy that plant is entire or several seasons of growth are to the needs of nutrient；In order to guarantee the fertilizer in later period growing process
Demand, the azophoska mould assembly slow-release compound fertilizer of selection, slow-release compound fertilizer content account for 1% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Water-retaining agent: since levee body ontology is substantially waterproof, and pole is not easy to store moisture, can be by rainfall using water-retaining agent
Or seawater absorbs rapidly and is expanded into gel for Moisture Content in Storage, is just released to plant use when arid at leisure；Here,
Water-retaining agent selects acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species product, and the specification of such water-retaining agent is: pH value range 5-9,
Water absorbent rate >=400g water/lg, rate of water absorption < 20min, rate of water absorption refers to that water-retaining agent reaches and inhales the water saturated time, is retained
The content of agent accounts for 0.05% or so of the spray total ingredient of phyteral；
Binder: to avoid the natural causes such as wind and rain, wave from causing the plantation base being sprayed in sea wall slope surface lapping
Erosion, wash away, it is necessary to suitable binder is added, promotes the wire netting for spraying phyteral and levee body ontology to carry out by binder
The anti-erosion cohered, enhance matrix itself is washed away；The present embodiment uses polyethylene binder, and meets following provisions: degree
(20 turns/rain of Brookfied) > 1500CPS；Minimum film forming humidity is 10 DEG C, and it is total that the content of binder accounts for spray phyteral
0.05% or so of ingredient.
Carry out corresponding levee body plant in order to preferably nurture, the spray plant time fully considers oceanic tide situation, generally
Spray is planted twice or more than twice, and spray will select to start to construct at ebb tide in climax when planting, by climax to 6 hours of neap
It is interior, it completes spray for the first time and plants, 15~25cm of jet thickness；Until Second High Tide to 6 hours of time of low water, completes second and spray
It plants, jet thickness 5-10cm, mixing material average thickness is planted in final spray should be greater than 20~30cm, spray after planting, should be in levee body sheet
Body upper cover sunshade net covers the time about 10~15 days；After seedling all sprouts 1 month, irrigation amount can be in a planned way reduced, until tri-leaf period
After start control water.
In step S300, precast concrete component used by levee toe ecology wave prevention structure is equipped with first through hole and multiple
Second through-hole, the first through hole are levee toe plant species growing area, mud are equipped in the levee toe plant species growing area, in the mud
Interior plantation levee toe plant, multiple second through-holes are interior to place cobblestone.Precast concrete component is generally hexagon or four sides
Shape, a length of 50cm of bottom sides or so are highly 30cm or so, and the size (length, width and height) of first through hole is 30cm*20cm*30cm
Either other sizes are ok, and having 6 diameters on precast concrete component is 5cm, and depth is second up and down of 30cm
Through-hole, the other sizes of the second through-hole can also be with.
It is packed into drying sewage sludge in first through hole, thickness is not less than 20cm, according to seashore Tide Characteristics and climate characteristic,
There are the fluffy class plant of mangrove plant, alkali, scirpus triqueter class salt tolerant in such as sea level to the plant that plantation may be selected between levee toe high tide level
Alkali, resistance to water logging plant；As sea level between levee toe low tide may be selected plantation plant have sargassum fusifome, sargassum, thallus laminariae,
The macros such as fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts；
The plant planted in first through hole can effectively absorb the Eutrophication materials such as the N P and K in seawater, reach net
Change the purpose of seawater；Meanwhile cavernous structure can make water flow generate small vortex, first through hole can mention for coastal waters fish shrimp crab etc.
The good space for inhabiting breeding is supplied；
The cobblestone not less than 10cm thickness is put into the second through-hole, seaweed growth easy to attach is on cobblestone, goose ovum
Stone provides food source to the Shui nationality animal such as marine fish, shrimp, crab, also provides good place for marine organisms oviposition,
Oviposition is laid eggs compared on concrete on cobblestone, and hatching rate will greatly improve.
Generally speaking: filling cobblestone in the second through-hole of this precast concrete component, it is attached that cobblestone is relatively easy to seaweed
Growth, provide the food source of the Shui nationality such as marine fish, shrimp, crab, construct the optimal natural environment of Shui nationality forage；
Second through-hole can make water flow generate small vortex, promote purification of water quality inside and outside hole, and more gaps in hole are also children
The space of numerous plant is inhabited in the offers such as fish, juvenile prawn.
Precast concrete component good water permeability, in horizontal plane component below can planting aquatic plants to absorb in water body
Nitrogen and phosphorus element, or for the animal habitats such as fish and crust multiply.
From the aspects of ecoscape, root system of plant takes root submarine soil by the first through hole of precast concrete component
Middle raising overall stability forms water plant landscape while protecting levee toe safe.
In addition, the levee toe plant planted at levee toe low tide water level is macro plant, planted at levee toe high-tide level
Levee toe plant is saline-alkali tolerant, resistance to water logging plant.The plant that plantation may be selected at levee toe high-tide level has the fluffy class of mangrove plant, alkali
The saline-alkali tolerants such as plant, scirpus triqueter class, resistance to water logging plant；At levee toe low tide water level may be selected plantation plant have sargassum fusifome, sargassum,
The macros such as thallus laminariae, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts.
Various planting plants have been selected according to marine climate in the construction process, have finally made these plants and improved hard
Matter sea wall ecology framework perfect combination, and be provided with also in levee toe for the second through-hole of the biological existences such as fishes and shrimps and plantation
The first through hole of levee toe plant creates favorable environment for micropopulation and levee toe plant, thus is conducive to improve hard sea wall
Mechanical stability.
In addition, it should be noted that, the specific embodiments described in this specification, the shape of parts and components are named
Title etc. can be different.The equivalent or simple change that all structure, feature and principles described according to the invention patent design are done, is wrapped
It includes in the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can be to described specific implementation
Example is done various modifications or additions or is substituted in a similar manner, and without departing from structure of the invention or surmounts this
Range as defined in the claims, is within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system, which is characterized in that successively include levee crown zoology, levee body ecological protection
Band and levee toe ecology wave prevention structure, levee toe ecology wave prevention structure are arranged at land and sea junction, the levee toe ecology wave prevention structure packet
It includes several precast concrete components and is planted in the levee toe plant of precast concrete components interior, each precast concrete portion
Part is arranged successively to form levee toe from top to bottom, and the precast concrete component of bottom is arranged at levee toe low tide water level, the top
Precast concrete component be arranged at levee toe high-tide level, the levee crown zoology includes levee crown ontology and levee crown plant, institute
Stating levee crown ontology includes concrete frame, the corresponding levee crown plant of plantation, the levee body ecological protection in the concrete frame
Band includes levee body ontology, the reticular structure and fixed structure that levee body ontology is equipped with, and the part-structure of the reticular structure
It extends at the levee crown body edges, reticular structure is fixed on levee body ontology and levee crown ontology, institute by the fixed structure
The reticular structure for stating levee body ontology is equipped with spray phyteral.
2. built hard sea wall ecology structure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the precast concrete portion
Part is equipped with first through hole and multiple second through-holes, and the first through hole is levee toe plant species growing area, the levee toe plant species growing area
It is interior to be equipped with mud, levee toe plant is planted in the mud, places cobblestone, the first through hole in multiple second through-holes
The center of multiple second through-holes is set.
3. built hard sea wall ecology structure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reticular structure is plating
The wire netting of PVC material, the wire netting include at least two, generate at lap splice when every two wire netting is spliced,
The fixed structure includes steel holdfast and dowel pin, and the dowel pin will extend into the part-structure of the reticular structure of the levee crown ontology
It is fixed and will be fixed with levee body ontology at the lap splice of wire netting with levee crown ontology, the steel holdfast is by levee body
Other of ontology and wire netting region are fixed.
4. built hard sea wall ecology structure system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the steel holdfast includes solid
Determine portion and stabilizers, fixed part and stabilizers are mutually connected vertically, and the length of the fixed part is 150-500mm.
5. built hard sea wall ecology structure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the spray phyteral includes
Vegetable seeds, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and binder；
Wherein, the planting soil is the drying sewage sludge after drying sewage sludge air-dries；The organic matter is the crab after crushing fermentation
Any one or a few in shell, shrimp shell and fish-bone；The water-retaining agent is the water conservation of acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization species
Agent；The binder is polyethylene binder.
6. a kind of built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction, which comprises the following steps:
It is laid with concrete frame on the surface of levee crown ontology, is laid with pebble layer, pebble layer top in concrete frame bottom
Laying geotextile layer, the geotextile layer top are laid with mud, plant levee crown plant above the mud；
Roughening treatment is done to levee body ontology, reticular structure, the net are laid at levee body ontology and part levee crown body edges
Shape structure is fixed by steel holdfast and dowel pin, to phyteral of sowing grass seeds by duster on the reticular structure；
To mud is laid in the first through hole of each precast concrete component of levee toe, levee toe plant is planted on the mud,
To placing cobblestone in each second through-hole, levee toe plant will be planted and placed the precast concrete component of cobblestone from upper
It is arranged successively under and, so that the precast concrete component of bottom is arranged at levee toe low tide water level, the concrete of the top
Native component is arranged at levee toe high-tide level.
7. built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the coagulation
The diameter for the cobblestone in pebble layer that native base of frame is laid with is 5-8cm；In pebble layer be laid with mud with a thickness of
30-40cm；Plantation levee crown plant is the shrub of saline-alkali tolerant, wind and wave resistance above the mud, and the shrub selects diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2-
The nursery stock of 3cm, height 100-150cm, hat width 100-120cm, the planting density of levee crown plant are 0.8-1.2 square metres one plant.
8. built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to dike
Body ontology does roughening treatment, and reticular structure is laid at levee body ontology and part levee crown body edges, and the reticular structure is logical
It crosses steel holdfast and dowel pin is fixed, to phyteral of sowing grass seeds by duster on the reticular structure specifically:
The reticular structure selected is the wire netting for plating PVC material, and the size of the mesh of the wire netting is 5cm*5cm-15cm*
The wire netting is layed on the levee body ontology by 15cm, and the iron wire network edge simultaneously extends at levee crown body edges not
Less than 50cm；
Wire netting and levee body ontology are fixed using steel holdfast, the wire netting that may extend to levee crown ontology is carried out using dowel pin
It is fixed, the wire netting two-by-two on the levee body ontology is spliced and is formed lap, so that the width of lap is not
Less than 10cm, the lap is fixed using dowel pin；The wire netting in other regions uses holdfast on the levee body ontology
It is fixed, it is 45cm-55cm that spacing between the steel holdfast of wire netting is fixed on levee body ontology, in the stake of wire netting lap
Following closely quantity is 4-5 every square metre；
It sows grass seeds by duster phyteral, and is at least sowed grass seeds by duster twice on the levee body ontology for lay wire netting, the spray phyteral includes planting
Species, planting soil, organic matter, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and binder, the dosage of the vegetable seeds are every square metre of 6-
8g；The planting soil is drying sewage sludge, and mud partial size is not more than 10mm, and water content is no more than 10%；Planting soil and spray phyteral
Ratio be (93-96): 100, the organic matter be the crab shell after crushing fermentation, any one in shrimp shell and fish-bone or
It is several；The ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer and spray phyteral is (1-1.5): 100；The water-retaining agent is acrylamide and acrylic acid
The ratio of salt crosslinking copolymerization species water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent and spray phyteral is (0.05-0.07): 100, the binder is
The ratio of polyethylene binder, the binder and spray phyteral is (0.03-0.05): 100.
9. built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction according to claim 6, which is characterized in that first through hole
It is interior be laid with mud with a thickness of being not less than 20cm, the cobblestone in second through-hole is with a thickness of being not less than 10cm.
10. built hard sea wall ecology structure system method of construction according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the dike
The plant planted at foot low tide water level is macro plant, and the plant planted at the levee toe high-tide level is saline-alkali tolerant, resistance to
Water logging plant.
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Cited By (1)
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