JP4358833B2 - Planting base - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a planting base, and more particularly to a technique effective when applied to the growth of a submerged plant.

  There are various water qualities in submerged plant communities such as axle algae, chromo, shrimp, fusamo, etc., such as nutrient absorption, suspension adhesion / sedimentation / resuspension prevention, zooplankton such as daphnia, and increased attached microorganisms. It is known that there is a purification effect. It is also known to have an ecosystem repair function such as an increase in small fish and benthic animals.

  However, the current situation is that submerged plants have become extinct, disappeared, or declined in various parts of the country due to the increase of nutrients during the high economic growth period, the introduction of excess herbicides, and the release of grass fish. In Japan, 1/3 of aquatic plants are listed in the Red Data Book.

  In response to this situation, attempts have been made to regenerate these submerged plant communities into watersides and the like from the viewpoint of improving the water quality of rivers, lakes and marshes and maintaining biodiversity.

For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of regenerating a submerged plant community native to a water area that has disappeared in the past using a soil seed bank.
Satoshi Saijo and three others, “Sprinkler Bank of Submerged Plants in Lake Bottom Sediment along Kasumigaura Coast”, 2003, Conservation Ecology Research Volume 8, p. 113-118

  However, in the case of methods such as spreading a soil seed bank or directly planting seedlings on the bottom of water that is affected by waves such as large lakes, the bottom of the water to be restored is soft bottom mud. Many have pointed out that the plants will peel off before they grow due to the effects of waves before the plants stretch their roots and settle on the bottom of the water.

  Similarly, when constructed on an artificial floating island, it is also affected by wind waves, but there are other problems in terms of nutrition of the planting base. In general, it is said that submerged plants take up inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the leaves of the plant body in water.

  However, many of the water areas that restore submerged plants have large amounts of phytoplankton such as blue sea lions, and many nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are not in an inorganic state that can be used immediately by submerged plants. In a suspended state (organism). For this reason, in the method of planting directly on the planting base, the amount of nutrients that can be used is small, so the initial growth is worsened, and the roots do not grow and the survival rate on the planting base decreases.

  On the other hand, when soil such as bottom mud containing nutrients is filled, the growth is improved, but the planting base itself becomes very heavy and difficult to handle. In addition, the problem arises that the cost increases due to the large floating structure. In terms of reducing the size of the floating body, it is possible to solve this problem by adopting a method of filling a pod filled with earth and sand, but it is not suitable for species that extend the underground stem in the lateral direction (varies that increase with runners).

  In addition, the conventional planting method is a method of planting upright with respect to the planting base and soil, but this method is suitable for rosette-type plants such as Mizunira, but in the case of pedunculated species, Since roots often come out from joints, there is a problem that the roots grow into the water in the upright planting and the establishment on the base becomes worse.

  Regarding the growth of these submerged plants, the present inventor considered that it was necessary to develop a new technique from the viewpoint of the nutrition of the base and the rooting of the plant.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an effective technique for regenerating a submerged plant including a stalk species.

  The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

  Of the inventions disclosed in the present application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

The present invention is a planting base that is placed underwater under the surface of a submerged plant, wherein the planting base includes a base body and the nutrient for the submerged plant on which the submerged plant to be planted is grown. The base body has a three-dimensional gap structure, and the nutrient is provided only on the surface side of the three-dimensional gap structure of the base body using the three-dimensional gap structure. It is characterized by. In such a configuration, the provision using the three-dimensional void structure means that the nutrient is applied and held in a depth range of at least 5 mm and within 20 mm below the surface of the three-dimensional void structure. It is characterized by that. In any one of the configurations described above, the nutrient is dried and solidified after being applied to the surface side of the void structure. In any one of the configurations described above, the side surface and the bottom surface of the base body are surrounded by a sheet member that prevents detachment of the nutrient from the void structure.

In any one of the configurations described above, the stalk portion of the submerged plant is fixed on the nutrient with a pin in a state of being laid sideways.

  Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, effects obtained by typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

  In the present invention, since the roots of the submerged plant are firmly planted, the submerged plant can be grown even in a place affected by waves.

  In this invention, it can be set as the planting base which improved the growth of the submerged plant lightly by coating a nutrient on the planting base surface.

  In the present invention, it is possible to increase the survival rate of the submerged plant root to the planting base by planting the submerged plant sideways, and increase the absorption of nutrients from the planting base surface, Can improve growth.

  By the planting method using the planting base of the present invention, it is possible to regenerate submerged plants in coastal zones that are affected by waves, and submerged in submerged plant planting floating islands for the purpose of water purification and natural regeneration. Plant growth can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof may be omitted.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a planting base according to the present invention and a configuration in which a submerged plant is rooted in the planting base. Drawing 2 is an explanatory view showing typically the case where a float is provided in a planting base and it constitutes on a floating island.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the planting base 100 includes a base body 10 for planting a plant 200 such as a submerged plant 200 a, a nutrient 20 for the plant 200 to be planted, and a sheet member 30 that surrounds the outer periphery of the base body 10. It is composed of

  The base body 10 is formed in a three-dimensional structure, and has a space in which the roots of the plant 200 to be planted can extend into the three-dimensional structure. Examples of the material having such a three-dimensional structure include commercially available plastic synthetic fiber mats such as polyethylene and vinyl chloride having a fibrous three-dimensional network structure, and palm fiber mats. .

  Since such fiber mats have a very large void ratio in the three-dimensional structure, the roots that are stretched are easily entangled with the growth of the plant 200 to be planted, and are not easily separated from the base body 10 by waves or the like. can do. A strong planting base can be formed.

  Moreover, also when comprising the planting base | substrate 100 of this structure in a floating island, weight reduction can be achieved by using a plastic synthetic fiber etc. for the material of the planting base | substrate 100. FIG. Furthermore, since the fibrous substance itself has a three-dimensional structure and a high porosity, the structure of the floating body itself can be reduced due to the lightness of the material itself.

  In FIG. 1, as a configuration of the base body 10, a state in which a three-dimensional void structure is formed by intertwining fibers in a three-dimensional structure is shown.

  The base body 10 having such a configuration is provided with nutrients 20 necessary for the growth of the plant 200 to be planted. When providing the nutrient 20 necessary for the growth of the plant 200 on the base body 10 of the planting base 100, although it is one of the features of the present invention, it is provided by a very unique method.

  For example, when the submerged plant 200a is the plant to be planted 200, the nutrient 20 is a lake or pond bottom earth and sand (from sandy to mud in the present specification may be referred to as earth and sand hereinafter). ) Is included in many.

  Therefore, the present inventor has been troubled by how to maintain such a nutrient 20 under a three-dimensional structure with a high porosity. As a result, it was considered that the nutrient 20 necessary for the growth was at least sufficient if the submerged plant 200a was maintained until it extended its roots and extended to a predetermined length. The idea was that the nutrient 20 until the plant body was completely grown or the plant body after the growth was maintained could not be held in the planting base 100.

When the planting base 100 is used for the submerged plant 200a, it is necessary to gradually sink to the bottom of the lake according to the growing state of the submerged plant 200a so that the plant body does not come out on the water surface.
According to such submerged submergence, the roots of the submerged plant 200a grown on the planting base pass through the planting base 100 and extend out of the planting base 100. In this extended stage, the planting base 100 is submerged so that the extended root reaches the bottom of the lake, so the nutrients necessary for growth can be taken directly from the bottom of the lake. It was.

  In addition, in the case of the purpose of regenerating a submerged plant community in the lake coastal zone, it was considered that there is no problem because the planting base 100 in which the plant is entrapped is directly laid on the bottom of the lake where nutrients 20 are abundant.

  Then, I thought that the planting base 100 should hold | maintain only the nutrient 20 required for growth for the time being at least. While trying various attempts, the idea of retaining such nutrients 20 by utilizing a three-dimensional void structure was devised. In other words, since the three-dimensional void structure is like a three-dimensional network structure, the idea of applying a mud on the bottom of the lake including the nutrients 20 to the void structure was obtained.

  However, if the planting base 100 is submerged underwater simply by painting, the nutrient 20 may be peeled off from the three-dimensional void structure. Therefore, in such a case, the nutrient 20 is applied to the three-dimensional void structure and then dried, thereby preventing the nutrition 20 from falling off the three-dimensional void structure.

  Although the nutrient 20 does not fall off at all when submerged in water, it is at least three-dimensional until the initial root can be stretched by sufficiently drying and solidifying the nutrient 20 as much as possible. It became possible to hold | maintain to the space | gap structure of this.

  However, when the nutrient 20 has a high viscosity, peeling from the void structure can be suppressed without taking measures to prevent falling off such as drying and solidification, and it can be sufficiently used even if it is applied to the void structure. Also confirmed. In fact, it can be grown just by applying mud, but it can be expected to grow and grow longer by solidifying.

  The part to be painted is on the surface side of the three-dimensional void structure. As nutrients to be applied to the surface side, for example, lakes and ponds and soils that contain a large amount of nutrients necessary for the growth of submerged plants are suitable. It is good to paint in the dimensional void structure. In particular, earth and sand collected from a growing site such as a lake bottom where the submerged plant 200a is to be regenerated is preferable.

  Since the earth and sand as the nutrient 20 applied to the base body 10 is often collected from the bottom of the water, it is often mud-like and often easily detached in water. As described above, according to the present invention, as a countermeasure, the mud-like nutrient 20 is applied to the surface, and then the soil is solidified by drying the sun and the like, thereby making it difficult to separate from the planting base 100. Found.

  In addition, the nutrient 20 can quickly make the mud substance viscous by mixing a water-absorbing material such as paper sludge ash generated from diatomaceous earth or a paper mill with mud earth and sand. You may make it raise the retention power of mud by coating this on the surface of the planting base | substrate 100. FIG.

  The former, which is used for drying in the sun, is effective when the time and place are available, and the latter, which is mixed with diatomaceous earth, is effective when used on floating islands immediately after collecting the local water bottom.

  When smearing the bottom of lakes and ponds, it is recommended to use the soil where the submerged plants are grown. This is because the seeds, spores, roots, etc. peculiar to the region, zooplankton peculiar to the region, and eggs are sleeping in the earth and sand, and it is possible to prevent disturbance of the ecosystem due to transfer from other places.

  In addition, as other nutrients, use a soil containing plant nutrients such as commercially available humus or black-boiled soil, or mix appropriately with slow-release fertilizer in soil and sand with low nutrients, etc. Of course it does not matter.

  The planting base 100 having such a configuration may have a thickness of 10 mm or more and 100 mm or less in consideration of stretching the roots of the plant. The nutrient 20 may be applied at a depth of at least 5 mm below the surface and within a depth range of 20 mm or less. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to achieve a considerable weight reduction compared to filling the entire base body 10 with earth and sand.

  Moreover, in the planting base | substrate 100 of this structure, as shown in FIG. 1, it has the structure which surrounds the outer peripheral side of the base | substrate main body 10 with the sheet | seat member 30. As shown in FIG. The configuration in which the sheet member 30 is provided is that the nutrient 20 applied to the three-dimensional void structure of the base body 10 is unaffected by the water flow caused by waves or the like and is separated from the three-dimensional void structure. The purpose is to prevent.

  The sheet member 30 is provided so as to cover the side surface and the bottom surface of the base body 10. As the sheet member 30, a vinyl sheet, a water shielding sheet or the like may be used. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a water-permeable and soft non-woven fabric because the roots of the plant can break through the sheet and extend to enhance the growth of the plant.

  By surrounding the base body 10 with the sheet member 30, as described above, mud as the nutrient 20 applied to the surface gradually settles into the inside of the three-dimensional void structure of the base body 10 in the long term. It can be held at the bottom of the base body 10. The nutrient 20 can be used according to the degree of elongation of the root that has reached the lower part.

  Moreover, when installing the base body 10 as a floating island, phytoplankton or the like, which is a suspended nutrient, settles out of the water, but the base body 10 is surrounded by the sheet member 30, so that these can be retained. it can. These settled phytoplankton are decomposed into microorganisms and the like, and finally become inorganic nutrients that can be used by submerged plants.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the planting base 100 having such a configuration may be configured like a floating island by providing a float 110 around it. It is only necessary that the planting base 100 having the above-described configuration is moored with a rope or the like in a roll-up manner and the installation depth of the planting base 100 can be deepened by gradually extending the mooring rope.

  If comprised in this way, according to the growth of the submerged plant 200a planted in the planting base 100, the plant main body of the submerged plant 200a can be made to always sink below the water surface. Eventually, it may be configured so that it can sink to the bottom of a lake or the like.

(Embodiment 2)
In the present embodiment, a method for planting a submerged plant 200a using the planting base 100 described in the above embodiment will be described.

  The planting method of the present invention employs a unique method in which the plant body of the submerged plant 200a is laid on the surface of the base body 20 constituting the planting base 100. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the stem part of the plant body of the submerged plant 200a is laid down so as to lie on the surface of the three-dimensional void structure coated with the nutrient 20 of the planting base 100.

  In such a planting method, the submerged plant 200a is laid down on the planting base 100 and pinned, or the submerged plant 200a to be planted on the surface of the planting base 100 is laid down, and a net such as a net is formed thereon. A method of covering the plant body so as not to move with the member is conceivable.

  In short, there is a possibility that the plant body may move due to being laid on the surface of the planting base 100, and it is considered that the plant body does not take root. Therefore, a means for effectively keeping the plant body on the surface of the planting base 100 is adopted. It is necessary to do. As such means, any configuration may be basically used.

  FIG. 1 illustrates the case where the pin 40 is used. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the pin 40 has a shape in which a plurality of pin tips 41 are connected to each other by a pressing member 42. In a state where the plant body is sandwiched between the pressing member 42 and the surface of the planting base 100, the pin tip 41 is inserted into the three-dimensional gap structure so that the plant body can be pressed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each pin tip 41 is provided with a barb 43 so that it is not easily pulled out by being caught by a fiber or the like forming a three-dimensional void structure.

By fixing the submerged plant 200a to the surface of the planting base 100 using the pin 40,
Depending on the growth length of the submerged plant, when the planting base 100 is submerged in water, it can be left on its side. When submerged in water, the plant body is raised by buoyancy, so the pin 40 is effective in preventing such rise.

  The material of the pin may be plastic or metal. However, by using natural materials such as bamboo or biodegradable plastic, the root of the plant will be settled and the pin will be naturally decomposed, reducing the labor and environmental burden. It can also be reduced.

  If the thickness of the holding member 42 that holds the pin plant is too thin, the soft stem of the plant will break when fixing the plant, and if it is too thick, it will cover the plant. Good.

  The shape of the tip of the pin 40 varies depending on the mesh size and thickness of the three-dimensional void structure of the planting base 100, but may be a length that does not come out even if the planting base 100 is shaken in water. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, it is good to make it the structure which is hard to come off, such as providing the return | turn 43.

  By using the pin 40 having such a structure, the plant body is fastened on the surface of the planting base 100, particularly on the three-dimensional void structure surface coated with the nutrient 20, so that, for example, roots from the nodes of stems such as shrimp and chromo The submerged plant 200a of the stalk species that produces the root can be efficiently rooted in the planting base 100.

  Further, a wire mesh or a net can be used as the mesh member. In such a case, a specific gravity that is heavier than water is preferable because it is submerged in water. The mesh size is preferably 0.5 mm or more so that the sprout of the submerged plant 200a extending from the inside of the planting base 100 can be easily removed. The upper limit of the mesh size may be set according to the size of the submerged plant to be planted, and since it is necessary to fix the plant on its side, it may be about half the length of the plant body.

  As described above, by using the planting method described in the present embodiment and the configuration of the planting base 100 described in the above-described embodiment, the nutrient 20 on the surface of the planting base 100 is efficiently used as described above. It is possible to plant the submerged plant 200a so as to absorb it and extend the roots.

  That is, initially, the submerged plant 200a held on the planting base 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is rooted with a few roots 210 as shown in FIG. 4 after several weeks. Furthermore, the root 210 is extended, and finally, a strong planting base 100 can be formed as shown in FIG.

  In addition, in the case shown in FIG. 5, the pin 40 which has fastened the plant body after the roots have been stretched is shown as being removed. In the case of shipping as a planting base 100 in the lake coastal zone, the pin 40 may be removed and shipped when the submerged plant 200a is rooted to some extent. Moreover, when it comprises in a floating island, you may make it lose | disappear naturally in the long term by removing or using a biodegradable thing.

  Thus, by using the planting base 100 and the planting method according to the present invention, a vegetation floating island where the submerged plant 200a as shown in FIG. The vegetation zone of the submerged plant 200a can be restored to the lake coastal area.

  In this example, a case will be described in which the planting base 100 described in the first embodiment and the planting method described in the second embodiment are actually verified by setting the planting base to a floating island configuration.

  In order to evaluate the effect of the planting base 100 according to the present invention, earth and sand collected from the pond bottom containing the nutrient 20 was applied to the surface of the synthetic fiber mat having a thickness of 50 mm to a thickness of 10 mm. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the side surface and the bottom surface of the planting base 100 were surrounded by a nonwoven fabric as the sheet member 30.

  The submerged plant 200a was pinned and fixed sideways on the planting base 100 having such a configuration and the planting base of a synthetic fiber mat that was not coated with the nutrient 20. Both planting bases having such a configuration were installed in a park pond as a vegetation floating island, and a growth test of the submerged plant 200a was performed.

  The test was conducted from September 9th to November 30th, 2005. As the submerged plant 200a, four kinds of chromo, common yellow shrimp, willow, and chrysanthemum commonly found in lakes, ponds, paddy fields and the like were used. The growth of the submerged plant 200a was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 4. That is, 0: disappearance / disappearance, 1: decline of withering / feeding damage, 2: maintenance of only the planted parent strain, 3: growth of a sprout less than 10 cm, 4: sprout length of 10 cm or more Evaluation was made in 5 stages.

  The test results are as shown in FIG. From FIG. 7, the planting base 100 according to the present invention in which the bottom mud is coated on the surface has better growth of the submerged plant 200a than the floating island of only the planting base without the application of the nutrient 20. confirmed. With the exception of willows on November 30, other submerged plants were confirmed to be above the borderline rank 2 (maintenance of plants) for plant growth.

  In the case of a planting base without the application of the nutrient 20, it often shows rank 2 or lower, which is a borderline for plant growth, and it was confirmed that the submerged plant 200 a does not grow very well. In addition, the low value of the willow of November 30 is because the temperature and water temperature became low and the plant body began to wither.

  Next, it was investigated which of the fine structure, which is the three-dimensional void structure of the planting base 100, and the nutrient conditions for applying the nutrient 20 affect the growth of the submerged plant 200a. That is, a planting base of only 50 mm thick synthetic fiber mat, a planting base in which sand containing no nutrients 20 is filled on the surface of the synthetic fiber mat, and a planting base 100 in which bottom mud containing nutrients 20 is applied to the surface of the synthetic fiber mat. These were prepared, and the growth test of the submerged plant 200a was conducted indoors for each.

  In the test, a planting base of each configuration was placed in a bucket, and about 15 liters of water containing nutrients 20 similar to the pond in the experiment was filled. On each planting base, black and yellow shrimp as submerged plants 200a are planted sideways, and the temperature is 20 ° C., the illuminance is 1850 to 2000 lux, the light condition is 16 hours, and the dark condition is 8 hours, January 24, 2005. Cultivated from Sunday to March 8, and the increase in fresh weight (wet weight) was measured.

  The test results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the wet weight of the submerged plant 200a before and after the test is the bottom mud rich in nutrients 20 from the planting base made only of synthetic fiber mat or the planting base filled with sand not containing the nutrient 20. It was confirmed that the planting base 100 coated with a synthetic fiber mat exhibits a good growth property showing a weight increase rate of 2 times or more. It was found that the nutrients contained in the planting base increase the growth of plants such as submerged plants rather than the fine structure of the planting base.

  As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

  The present invention can be effectively used in the field of submerged plant regeneration.

It is sectional drawing which showed typically the planting base which concerns on this invention, and the structure which makes a submerged plant root in the planting base. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the case where a float is provided in a planting base | substrate and it comprises on a floating island. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of a pin. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically a mode that the submerged plant was planted on the planting base | substrate, and the root began to come out. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the state which planted the submerged plant on the planting base | substrate and fully grew. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the state which restored the vegetation zone of the submerged plant in the lake shore area. (A), (b), (c), (d) is explanatory drawing which shows the result of the growth test of a submerged plant. It is explanatory drawing which shows the result of the growth test of a submerged plant.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Base body 20 Nutrition 30 Sheet member 40 Pin 41 Pin tip 42 Holding member 43 Return 100 Planting base 110 Float 200 Plant 200a Submerged plant 210 Root

Claims (5)

A planting base that is placed underwater under the surface of a submerged plant,
The planting base has a base body and a nutrient for the submerged plant on which the submerged plant to be planted is grown.
The base body has a three-dimensional void structure;
The planting base, wherein the nutrient is provided only on the surface side of the three-dimensional gap structure of the base body using the three-dimensional gap structure. In the planting base according to claim 1,
Providing using the three-dimensional void structure is characterized in that the nutrient is applied and held in a depth range of at least 5 mm and within 20 mm below the surface of the three-dimensional void structure. Planting base to be. In the planting base according to claim 1 or 2,
The planting base, wherein the nutrient is dried and solidified after being applied to the surface side of the void structure. In the planting base of any one of Claims 1-3,
The planting base characterized in that the base body has a side surface and a bottom surface that are surrounded by a sheet member that prevents the nutrient from leaving the gap structure due to water flow. In planting栽基machine according to any one of claims 1-4,
A planting base, wherein a stem portion of the submerged plant is fixed with a pin in a state of being laid down on the nutrient.

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