CN209989767U - Built hard seawall ecological architecture system - Google Patents
Built hard seawall ecological architecture system Download PDFInfo
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- CN209989767U CN209989767U CN201822221410.5U CN201822221410U CN209989767U CN 209989767 U CN209989767 U CN 209989767U CN 201822221410 U CN201822221410 U CN 201822221410U CN 209989767 U CN209989767 U CN 209989767U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a built stereoplasm seawall ecological framework system, the ecological wave structure of dyke foot set up in sea and land juncture, and the ecological wave structure of dyke foot includes a plurality of precast concrete part and dyke foot plant, and the ecological area of dyke top includes the concrete frame, plant corresponding dyke top plant in the concrete frame. The dyke body ecological protection belt comprises a dyke body, wherein a net structure and a fixing structure are arranged on the dyke body, the net structure is fixed on the dyke body and the dyke top body through the fixing structure, and spray-planting materials are arranged on the net structure of the dyke body. Through the utility model discloses not only can reduce the washing away of sea water etc. to having built stereoplasm seawall, erosion and so on, add the ecological framework device on original stereoplasm seawall, can also strengthen the protection to the stereoplasm seawall to promote the protective capacities of stereoplasm seawall to marine disasters. Through the utility model discloses an ecological framework still compensaties the technical defect that the stereoplasm seawall has been built to the coastal ecological environment destruction, plays the effect of resumeing the coastal ecological function.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a coastal zone improvement and ecological remediation technical field especially relate to a built stereoplasm seawall ecologization framework system.
Background
Most of the existing built seawalls are hard seawalls, the structure of the existing built seawalls is a rigid structure, the existing built seawalls mainly cope with sea wave scouring, the flood control capability is emphasized, and structural types such as grouted building blocks, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete blocks, sheet piles and the like are generally selected.
The hard seawall seals the surface of the coast, blocks a sea-land water-soil connecting channel, isolates the contact of organisms and microorganisms with the land, and destroys the overall balance of a sea area and a land ecosystem; the construction of the artificial material seawall in the coastal zone area destroys the natural environment on which coastal marine organisms live, and has negative influence on the water quality and water environment of nearby sea areas; although the stereoplasm seawall section is neatly drawn one, the seawall lacks safeguard measure, leads to the seawall directly to erode in the face of the wave, and it is serious to receive the erosion, through the utility model discloses, can strengthen protection and protection to the seawall.
Therefore, a technical solution capable of reconstructing a good ecological environment of the seawall area is required.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a shortcoming among the prior art provides a built stereoplasm seawall ecological framework system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme can solve:
a built hard sea wall ecological framework system sequentially comprises a top dyke ecological band, a body dyke ecological protection band and a foot dyke ecological wave-breaking structure, wherein the foot dyke ecological wave-breaking structure is arranged at a sea-land junction and comprises a plurality of precast concrete components and foot dyke plants planted inside the precast concrete components, each precast concrete component is sequentially arranged from top to bottom to form a dyke foot, the lowest precast concrete component is arranged at a low tide water level of the foot dyke, the highest precast concrete component is arranged at a high tide water level of the foot dyke, the top dyke ecological band comprises a top dyke body and a top dyke plant, the top dyke body comprises a concrete frame, the corresponding top dyke plant is planted in the concrete frame, the body dyke ecological protection band comprises a body dyke, a mesh structure and a fixed structure are arranged on the body dyke body, and part of the mesh structure extends to the edge of the top dyke body, the fixing structure fixes the net structure on the embankment body and the embankment top body, and the net structure of the embankment body is provided with the spray-planting material.
As an embodiment, the precast concrete member is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, the first through hole is a dike foot plant growing area, sludge is arranged in the dike foot plant growing area, dike foot plants are grown in the sludge, cobbles are placed in the plurality of second through holes, and the first through hole is arranged at the center of the plurality of second through holes.
As an implementation manner, the mesh structure is made of PVC-plated wire mesh, the wire mesh comprises at least two wires, each two wires are spliced to form an overlapped splicing part, the fixing structure comprises steel anchors and studs, the studs fix a part of the mesh structure extending to the embankment top body and fix the overlapped splicing part of the wire mesh and the embankment body, and the steel anchors fix the embankment body and other areas of the wire mesh.
As an implementation mode, the steel anchor nail comprises a fixing part and a stabilizing part, wherein the fixing part and the stabilizing part are mutually and vertically connected, and the length of the fixing part is 150-500 mm.
As an embodiment, the spray-planting substance comprises plant seeds, planting soil, organic matters, slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and adhesive;
wherein the planting soil is dried sludge obtained by air drying of the dried sludge; the organic matter is any one or more of crushed and fermented crab shells, shrimp shells and fishbones; the water-retaining agent is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization cross-linking material water-retaining agent; the adhesive is a polyethylene adhesive.
The utility model discloses owing to adopted above technical scheme, have apparent technological effect:
through the built hard seawall ecological framework system of the utility model, the scouring, erosion and the like of the sea water and the like to the original hard seawall can be reduced, the ecological framework is added on the original hard seawall, the hard seawall can be reinforced, the erosion of the sea water to the seawall is prevented, and the disaster prevention and reduction capability of the hard seawall is improved; various plants are planted on the improved hard seawall in a planting mode, and the sparse density is controllable, so that the excellent natural ecological effect can be embodied, and the ecological purification effect on a water body can be ensured; in addition, various seashells, shells and the like in the sea are fully utilized, so that not only is marine garbage reduced, but also a fertilizer with sufficient nutrition is provided for the built hard seawall ecological architecture system; a set of construction method is made through the built hard seawall ecological framework system, various planting plants are selected according to the marine climate in the construction process, finally the plants are perfectly combined with the improved hard seawall ecological framework, and the second through holes for living organisms such as fishes and shrimps and the first through holes for planting the plants at the dike feet are arranged in the dike feet, so that a favorable environment is created for the microbial population and the plants at the dike feet, and the improvement of the coastal ecological environment is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole of the built hard seawall ecological architecture system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an ecological breakwater structure of the dike feet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a steel anchor;
fig. 4 is a construction process flow of the construction method of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the drawings illustrate: 1. an ecological zone at the top of the dike; 2. an embankment body ecological protection belt; 3. dyke foot ecological wave-preventing structure; 11. a concrete frame; 12. a dike top plant; 21. a dyke body; 22. a dike body plant; 23. steel anchor bolts; 231. a stabilizer; 232. a fixed part; 31. a dike plant; 32. prefabricating a concrete component; 321. a first through hole; 322. a second via.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
a built hard seawall ecological architecture system comprises a dyke top ecological belt 1, a dyke body ecological protection belt 2 and a dyke foot ecological wave-preventing structure 3 in sequence as shown in figure 1, wherein the dyke foot ecological wave-preventing structure 3 is arranged at a sea-land junction, the dyke foot ecological wave-preventing structure 3 comprises a plurality of precast concrete members 32 and dyke foot plants 31 planted inside the precast concrete members 32, each precast concrete member 32 is sequentially arranged from top to bottom to form dykes, the lowermost precast concrete member 32 is arranged at a dyke foot low tide water level, the uppermost precast concrete member 32 is arranged at a dyke foot high tide water level, the dyke top ecological belt 1 comprises a dyke top body and dyke head plants 12, the dyke top body comprises a concrete frame 11, the corresponding dyke top plants 12 are planted in the concrete frame 11, and the dyke body ecological protection belt 2 comprises a dyke body 21, a dyke body ecological protection belt 2 and dyke foot plants 31, The embankment body 21 is provided with a net structure and a fixing structure, part of the net structure extends to the edge of the embankment top body, the fixing structure fixes the net structure on the embankment body 21 and the embankment top body, and spray-planting materials are arranged on the net structure of the embankment body 21.
By the built hard seawall ecological framework system, the scouring, erosion and the like of seawater and the like to the original hard seawall can be reduced, the ecological framework is added to the original hard seawall, the hard seawall can be reinforced, the erosion of the seawater to the seawall is prevented, and the service life of the hard seawall is prolonged; various plants are planted on the improved hard seawall in a planting mode, and the sparse density is controllable, so that the excellent natural ecological effect can be embodied, and the ecological purification effect on the water body can be ensured.
More specifically, the dyke top plants 12 that can be selected by the ecological band 1 on the top of the dike mainly include tamarix chinensis, casuarina equisetifolia, hibiscus hamabo, pittosporum pratense, erythrina indica, olive kernel, etc. according to the difference of the climates, etc. in the south and north, different dyke top plants 12 can be selected, in this embodiment, the dyke top plants 12 are exemplified by hibiscus hamabo:
firstly, laying a concrete frame 11 on the top surface of a dike; paving a cobble layer with the grain diameter of 5-8cm at the bottom of the concrete frame 11, arranging at least two geotextile layers above the cobble layer, wherein the geotextile layers are non-woven geotextiles and have the specification of not less than 250g/m2The geotextile layer is used for keeping moisture, a seaside mud layer with the thickness of 30-40cm is arranged on the geotextile layer, and saline-alkali-resistant and wind-wave-resistant shrubs such as hibiscus hamabo and the like are planted on the mud layer;
the planted dyke top plant 12 is selected from hibiscus hamabo or other nursery stocks, the diameter at breast height of the dyke top plant 12 is 2-3cm, the height is 100-plus 150cm, the crown width is 100-plus 120cm, the planting distance is 1 x 1 m/plant, and the hibiscus hamabo bag seedling with plump crown is selected for planting, so as to ensure the survival rate of the plants.
The net-shaped structure is made of PVC-plated wire netting, the wire netting comprises at least two wire netting, overlapping and splicing positions are formed when every two wire netting are spliced, the fixing structure comprises steel anchoring nails 23 and pile nails, the pile nails fix a part of structure of the net-shaped structure extending to the embankment top body and fix the overlapping and splicing positions of the wire netting and the embankment body 21, and the steel anchoring nails 23 fix the embankment body 21 and other regions of the wire netting. In addition, in order to make the steel anchor 23 fixed more firmly, the structure of the steel anchor 23 is shown in fig. 3, the steel anchor 23 comprises a fixing part 232 and a stabilizing part 231, the fixing part 232 and the stabilizing part 231 are connected perpendicularly to each other, and the length of the fixing part 232 is 150 and 500 mm.
The spray planting substance comprises plant seeds, planting soil, organic matters, a slow-release compound fertilizer, a water-retaining agent and an adhesive;
wherein the planting soil is dry sludge; the organic matter is any one or more of crushed and fermented crab shells, shrimp shells and fishbones; the water-retaining agent is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization cross-linking material water-retaining agent; the adhesive is a polyethylene adhesive. In more detail, in this embodiment, because the marine environment is severe, generally selected plant seeds have strong stress resistance, or plant seeds with strong nitrogen fixation capability, such as saline-alkali resistance, typhoon resistance and the like, so that the plant seeds can be rooted more firmly and cannot be poured out after being attacked by typhoon and the like; in the north, plants such as Suaeda salsa, zoysia japonica and Bermuda grass are generally adopted, in the south, plants such as Scirpus triqueter, zoysia japonica, Imperata cylindrica and Bermuda grass are generally planted, and in order to make the dyke body plants more resistant to wind power and seawater scouring, the standard dosage of seeds is 6-8g/m2；
Planting soil: the method generally adopts local materials, adopts dried sludge after drying and crushing treatment as planting soil for spray planting, saves cost and is beneficial to the growth of plants on the slope of the seawall;
the maximum grain diameter of the planting soil adopted in the utility model is less than 10mm, the water content is not more than 10 percent, and the content of the planting soil accounts for about 96 percent of the components of the spraying material;
organic matter: the organic matter is mainly used for increasing the fertility of soil and ensuring the air permeability of the soil, the organic matter in the embodiment is crab shells, shrimp shells, fishbones and the like which are usually crushed and naturally fermented by seasides, and generally, the content of the organic matter accounts for about 3 percent of the total components of the spray-planted substance;
slow-release compound fertilizer: in the soil, the slow-release compound fertilizer can slowly release nutrient elements of crops, so that the fertilizer efficiency is durable, and the requirement of the plants on nutrients in the whole or several growing seasons can be met by one-time application; in order to ensure the fertilizer requirement in the later plant growth process, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound slow-release compound fertilizer is selected, and the content of the slow-release compound fertilizer accounts for about 1 percent of the total components of the spray-planted substances;
water-retaining agent: because the dyke body 21 is basically impermeable and is not easy to store water, the water-retaining agent can rapidly absorb rainfall or seawater and swell into gel to store the water, and the water is slowly released to plants for use in drought; the water-retaining agent is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization cross-linking product, and the specifications of the water-retaining agent are as follows: the pH value range is 5-9, the water absorption rate is more than or equal to 400g water/lg, the water absorption rate is less than 20min, the water absorption rate refers to the time for the water-retaining agent to reach water absorption saturation, and the content of the water-retaining agent accounts for about 0.05 percent of the total components of the plant spraying substances;
adhesive: in order to avoid erosion and scouring of the planting base layer sprayed on the laid net of the seawall slope surface caused by natural factors such as wind, rain, waves and the like, a proper amount of adhesive is added, sprayed materials are promoted to be bonded with the wire mesh of the embankment body 21 through the adhesive, and the erosion and scouring resistance of the matrix is enhanced; this example uses a polyethylene binder and meets the following specifications: degree (Brookfield 20 rpm/rain) > 1500 CPS; the lowest film forming humidity is 10 ℃, and the content of the adhesive accounts for about 0.05 percent of the total components of the spray planting material.
In order to better cultivate the corresponding embankment plants 22, the spraying and planting times fully consider the ocean tide condition, generally the spraying and planting is carried out twice or more than twice, construction is carried out when the high tide is ebb of tide, the spraying and planting for the first time is completed within 6 hours from the high tide to the low tide, and the spraying thickness is 15-25 cm; when the secondary high tide reaches the low tide for 6 hours, completing secondary spray planting, wherein the spray thickness is 5-10cm, the average thickness of the final spray planting substance is more than 20-30 cm, and after the spray planting, covering a shading net on the embankment body for about 10-15 days; after 1 month of seedling emergence, the watering amount can be reduced in a planned way, and water control is started after three-leaf period. In this embodiment, the body of the dike is the body of the original hard seawall.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the precast concrete member 32 used in the dike foot ecological wave-breaking structure 3 is provided with a first through hole 321 and a plurality of second through holes 322, the first through hole 321 is a dike foot plant growing area, sludge is arranged in the dike foot plant growing area, the dike foot plants 31 are grown in the sludge, and cobbles are placed in the plurality of second through holes 322. The precast concrete member 32 is generally a hexagon or a quadrangle, the bottom side length of the precast concrete member is about 50cm, the height of the precast concrete member is about 30cm, the size (length, width and height) of the first through hole 321 is 30cm, 20cm, 30cm or any other size, 6 second through holes 322 which are 5cm in diameter and 30cm in depth and penetrate up and down are arranged on the precast concrete member 32, the second through holes 322 can be of other sizes, and in addition, the first through hole 321 is arranged at the center of the second through holes 322.
The first through hole 321 is filled with dried sludge having a thickness of 20cm or other thickness. According to the tidal characteristics and climatic characteristics of seasides, such as plants from sea level to high tide level, which can be selectively planted, the plants include plants such as mangrove plants, suaeda glauca plants, scripus triqueter plants and the like which are resistant to salt, alkali and water flooding; for example, the plants which can be selectively planted between sea level and low tide level include large algae such as Cyrtymenia Sparsa, Sargassum, Undaria Pinnatifida, Gracilaria, etc.;
the plants planted in the first through holes 321 can effectively absorb eutrophic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seawater, so as to achieve the aim of purifying the seawater; meanwhile, the hole-shaped structure can enable water flow to generate tiny vortex, and the first through hole 321 can provide a good inhabitation and propagation space for offshore fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like;
cobblestones with the thickness of about 10cm are placed in the second through holes 322, seaweed is easy to attach and breed on the cobblestones, the cobblestones provide food sources for aquatic animals such as marine fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like, a good place is provided for marine organisms to lay eggs, and the hatching rate is greatly improved compared with that of laying eggs on concrete.
In general terms: cobblestones are filled in the second through holes 322 of the precast concrete part 32, the cobblestones are easy to adhere and breed with seaweeds, so that food sources of marine fishes, shrimps, crabs and other aquatic animals are provided, and the optimal natural environment of the aquatic animal cable bait is constructed;
the inner diameters of the second through holes 322 are different from top to bottom and are made into inner diameters with different diameters, so that water flow can generate tiny vortex, water purification inside and outside the holes is promoted, and spaces are formed in the holes, so that spaces for perching and breeding juvenile fishes, juvenile shrimps and the like are provided.
The precast concrete part 32 has good water permeability, and aquatic plants can be planted in the member below the horizontal plane to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body or for fish, carapace and other animals to inhabit and multiply.
From the aspect of ecological landscape, the plant roots are rooted into the seabed soil body through the first through holes 321 of the precast concrete members 32 to improve the overall stability, and the whole dike feet are protected and simultaneously the aquatic plant ecological landscape is formed.
Example 2:
a method for building an ecological architecture system of a built hard seawall, as shown in fig. 4, comprises the following steps:
s100, paving a concrete frame on the surface of the levee top body, paving a cobble layer at the bottom of the concrete frame, paving a geotextile layer above the cobble layer, paving a sludge layer above the geotextile layer, and planting levee top plants above the sludge layer;
s200, roughening the levee body, paving a net-shaped structure at the edge of the levee body and a part of the levee top body, fixing the net-shaped structure through steel anchors and pile nails, and spraying and planting a material on the net-shaped structure;
s300, paving silt in the first through hole of each precast concrete component of the dike foot, planting dike foot plants on the silt, placing cobblestones in each second through hole, and sequentially arranging the precast concrete components with the planted dike foot plants and the cobblestones from top to bottom, so that the lowest precast concrete component is arranged at the low tide water level of the dike foot, and the uppermost precast concrete component is arranged at the high tide water level of the dike foot.
In step S100, the cobblestones laid on the bottom of the concrete frame have a diameter of 5-8 cm; the thickness of the sludge layer laid on the cobblestone layer is 30-40 cm; the plants at the top of the dike planted above the sludge layer are saline-alkali-resistant and anti-storm shrubs, nursery stocks with the diameter at breast height of 2-3cm, the height of 100-.
In a specific embodiment, according to the characteristics of the marine conditions, the plants that can be selected for the ecological zone at the top of the dike mainly include tamarix chinensis, casuarina equisetifolia, hibiscus hamabo, pittosporum pratense, erythrina indica, and Terminalia, and according to the difference in climate between the south and the north, different plants at the top of the dike can be selected, in this embodiment, the plants at the top of the dike take hibiscus hamabo as an example:
paving a concrete frame on the surface of the levee top body; paving a cobble layer with the particle size of 5-8cm at the bottom of the concrete frame, arranging at least two geotextile layers above the cobble layer, wherein the geotextile layers are non-woven geotextiles and have the specification of not less than 250g/m2The geotextile layer is used for keeping moisture, a seaside mud layer with the thickness of 30-40cm is arranged on the geotextile layer, and saline-alkali-resistant and wind-wave-resistant shrubs such as hibiscus hamabo and the like are planted on the mud layer.
The specifications of the planted dyke top plants are as follows: the diameter at breast height of hibiscus hamabo or other nursery stocks is 2-3cm, the height is 100-plus-one 150cm, the crown width is 100-plus-one 120cm, the planting distance is 1 x 1 m/plant, and hibiscus hamabo bagged seedlings with plump crowns are selected for planting, so that the survival rate of the plants is ensured.
In step S200, the roughening treatment is performed on the dyke body, a mesh structure is laid at the edge of the dyke body and a part of the dyke top body, the mesh structure is fixed by steel anchors and studs, and the spraying and planting of the substance on the mesh structure is specifically:
the net-shaped structure is selected to be a wire mesh plated with PVC materials, the mesh size of the wire mesh is 5cm x 5cm-15cm x 15cm, the wire mesh is laid on the embankment body, and the edge of the wire mesh extends to the edge of the embankment body and is not less than 50 cm;
fixing the wire netting and the dyke body by using steel anchors, fixing the wire netting extending to the dyke top body by using pegs, splicing two wire netting on the dyke body and forming an overlapped part, wherein the width of the overlapped part is not less than 10cm, and the overlapped part is fixed by using pegs; the wire netting of other areas on the dyke body is fixed by adopting anchoring nails, the distance between the steel anchoring nails for fixing the wire netting on the dyke body is 45cm-55cm, and the quantity of the stakes at the overlapping part of the wire netting is 4-5 per square meter;
spraying plant substances on the levee body paved with the wire netting, wherein the plant substances comprise plant seeds, planting soil, organic matters, slow-release compound fertilizers, water retention agents and adhesives at least twice, and the using amount of the plant seeds is 6-8g per square meter; the planting soil is dry sludge, the particle size of the sludge is not more than 10mm, and the water content is not more than 10%; the proportion of the planting soil to the spray planting substance is (93-96): 100, wherein the organic matter is any one or more of crushed and fermented crab shells, shrimp shells and fishbones; the ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer to the spray planting substance is (1-1.5) to 100; the water-retaining agent is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization cross-linking material water-retaining agent, the ratio of the water-retaining agent to the plant spraying material is (0.05-0.07):100, the adhesive is a polyethylene adhesive, and the ratio of the adhesive to the plant spraying material is (0.03-0.05): 100.
In a specific embodiment, because the marine environment is severe, generally selected plant seeds have strong stress resistance, or strong saline-alkali resistance, typhoon resistance and the like, strong nitrogen fixation capacity and the like; in the north, plants such as Suaeda salsa, zoysia japonica and Bermuda grass are generally adopted, in the south, plants such as Scirpus triqueter, zoysia japonica, Imperata cylindrica and Bermuda grass are generally planted, and in order to make the dyke body plants more resistant to wind power and seawater scouring, the standard dosage of seeds is 6-8g/m2；
Planting soil: the method generally adopts local materials, adopts dried sludge after drying and crushing treatment as planting soil for spray planting, saves cost and is beneficial to the growth of plants on the slope of the seawall;
the maximum grain diameter of the planting soil adopted in the utility model is less than 10mm, the water content is not more than 10 percent, and the content of the planting soil accounts for about 96 percent of the components of the spraying material;
organic matter: the organic matter is mainly used for increasing the fertility of soil and ensuring the air permeability of the soil, the organic matter in the embodiment is crab shells, shrimp shells, fishbones and the like which are usually crushed and naturally fermented by seasides, and generally, the content of the organic matter accounts for about 3 percent of the total components of the spray-planted substance;
slow-release compound fertilizer: in the soil, the slow-release compound fertilizer can slowly release nutrient elements of crops, so the fertilizer efficiency is durable, and the requirement of the plants on nutrients in the whole or several growing seasons can be met by one-time application; in order to ensure the fertilizer requirement in the later plant growth process, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound slow-release compound fertilizer is selected, and the content of the slow-release compound fertilizer accounts for about 1 percent of the total components of the spray-planted substances;
water-retaining agent: because the body of the dike is basically impermeable and is extremely difficult to store water, the water-retaining agent can rapidly absorb rainfall or seawater and swell into gel to store the water, and the water is slowly released to plants for use in drought; the water-retaining agent is an acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization cross-linking product, and the specifications of the water-retaining agent are as follows: the pH value range is 5-9, the water absorption rate is more than or equal to 400g water/lg, the water absorption rate is less than 20min, the water absorption rate refers to the time for the water-retaining agent to reach water absorption saturation, and the content of the water-retaining agent accounts for about 0.05 percent of the total components of the plant spraying substances;
adhesive: in order to avoid erosion and scouring of the planting base layer sprayed on the laid net of the seawall slope surface caused by natural factors such as wind, rain, waves and the like, a proper amount of adhesive is added, sprayed materials are promoted to be bonded with the wire mesh of the embankment body through the adhesive, and the erosion and scouring resistance of the matrix is enhanced; this example uses a polyethylene binder and meets the following specifications: degree (Brookfield 20 rpm/rain) > 1500 CPS; the lowest film forming humidity is 10 ℃, and the content of the adhesive accounts for about 0.05 percent of the total components of the spray planting material.
In order to better cultivate corresponding embankment plants, the spraying and planting time fully considers the ocean tide condition, generally the spraying and planting is carried out twice or more than twice, the construction is started when the high tide moves back, the spraying and planting is completed for the first time within 6 hours from the high tide to the lowest tide, and the spraying thickness is 15-25 cm; when the secondary high tide reaches the low tide for 6 hours, finishing the secondary spray planting, wherein the spray thickness is 5-10cm, the average thickness of the final spray planting mixed material is more than 20-30 cm, and after the spray planting, covering a shading net on the embankment body for about 10-15 days; after 1 month of seedling emergence, the watering amount can be reduced in a planned way, and water control is started after three-leaf period.
In step S300, a precast concrete component used in the ecological wave-breaking structure of the dike legs is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, the first through hole is a dike leg plant planting area, sludge is arranged in the dike leg plant planting area, dike leg plants are planted in the sludge, and cobblestones are placed in the plurality of second through holes. The prefabricated concrete part is generally hexagonal or quadrilateral, the bottom side length of the prefabricated concrete part is about 50cm, the height of the prefabricated concrete part is about 30cm, the size (length, width and height) of the first through hole is 30cm, 20cm, 30cm or other sizes, 6 second through holes which are vertically communicated and have the diameter of 5cm and the depth of 30cm are arranged on the prefabricated concrete part, and other sizes of the second through holes are also available.
The first through hole is filled with dry sludge, the thickness of the dry sludge is not less than 20cm, and plants which can be selectively planted between sea level and high tide level of dike feet according to sea side tide characteristics and climatic characteristics comprise saline-alkali-resistant and water-proof plants such as mangrove plants, suaeda plants, scripus triqueter and the like; for example, the plants which can be selectively planted between sea level and dike foot low tide level include large algae such as Cyrtymenia Sparsa, Sargassum, Undaria Pinnatifida, Gracilaria, etc.;
the plants planted in the first through holes can effectively absorb eutrophic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seawater, so as to achieve the aim of purifying the seawater; meanwhile, the hole-shaped structure can enable water flow to generate tiny vortex, and the first through hole can provide a good inhabitation and propagation space for offshore fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like;
cobblestones with the thickness of not less than 10cm are placed in the second through holes, seaweed is easy to attach and breed on the cobblestones, the cobblestones provide food sources for aquatic animals such as marine fishes, shrimps and crabs, good places are provided for the spawning of marine organisms, and the spawning on the cobblestones is greatly improved in hatching rate compared with the spawning on concrete.
In general terms: cobblestones are filled in the second through holes of the precast concrete parts, the cobblestones are easy to adhere and breed with seaweed, food sources of aquatic animals such as marine fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like are provided, and the optimal natural environment of the aquatic animal cable bait is constructed;
the second through hole can make rivers produce tiny vortex, impels downthehole outer water purification, and downthehole many clearances also provide the space of perching and breeding for juvenile fish, juvenile shrimp etc..
The precast concrete part has good water permeability, and aquatic plants can be planted in the member below the horizontal plane to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body or for fish, carapace and other animals to inhabit and multiply.
From the aspect of ecological landscape, the plant roots are rooted to the seabed soil body through the first through holes of the precast concrete parts, the overall stability is improved, and the aquatic plant landscape is formed while the safety of the dike legs is protected.
In addition, the plant at the part of the dike foot with low tide level is macroalgae, and the plant at the part of the dike foot with high tide level is saline-alkali resistant and water-proof plant. The plants which can be selectively planted at the high tide water level of the dike foot comprise plants such as mangrove plants, suaeda plants, scribes and the like which are resistant to salt, alkali and water; the plant at the low tide water level of the dike foot can be selected from large algae such as Cyrtymenia Sparsa, Sargassum, Undaria Pinnatifida, Gracilaria, etc.
Various planting plants are selected according to the marine climate in the construction process, finally the plants are perfectly combined with the improved ecological architecture of the hard seawall, and the second through holes for living organisms such as fishes and shrimps and the first through holes for planting the plants at the dike legs are arranged in the dike legs, so that a favorable environment is created for the microbial flora and the plants at the dike legs, and the mechanical stability of the hard seawall is improved.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may differ in the shape of the components, the names of the components, and the like. All equivalent or simple changes made according to the structure, characteristics and principle of the utility model are included in the protection scope of the utility model. Various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (4)
1. A built hard sea wall ecological framework system is characterized by sequentially comprising a top dyke ecological band, a body dyke ecological protective band and a foot dyke ecological wave-preventing structure, wherein the foot dyke ecological wave-preventing structure is arranged at a sea-land junction, the foot dyke ecological wave-preventing structure comprises a plurality of precast concrete components and foot dyke plants planted inside the precast concrete components, each precast concrete component is sequentially arranged from top to bottom to form a dyke foot, the lowest precast concrete component is arranged at a low tide water level of the foot dyke, the uppermost precast concrete component is arranged at a high tide water level of the foot dyke, the top dyke ecological band comprises a top dyke body and a top dyke plant, the top dyke body comprises a concrete frame, the corresponding top dyke plant is planted in the concrete frame, the body dyke ecological protective band comprises a body dyke body, and a net structure and a fixed structure are arranged on the dyke body, and partial structure of the net structure extends to the edge of the embankment top body, the net structure is fixed on the embankment body and the embankment top body by the fixing structure, and spray-planting materials are arranged on the net structure of the embankment body.
2. The established hard seawall ecological architecture system according to claim 1, wherein the precast concrete member is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, the first through hole is a dike foot plant growing area, sludge is provided in the dike foot plant growing area, dike foot plants are grown in the sludge, cobblestones are placed in the plurality of second through holes, and the first through hole is provided at a central position of the plurality of second through holes.
3. The established hard seawall ecosystem of claim 1, wherein the net structure is a PVC-plated wire mesh, the wire mesh comprises at least two wires, each two wires are spliced to form an overlapped splice, the fixing structure comprises steel anchors and studs, the studs fix part of the net structure extending to the embankment top body and fix the overlapped splice of the wire mesh with the embankment body, and the steel anchors fix the embankment body and other regions of the wire mesh.
4. The established hard seawall ecological framework system according to claim 3, wherein the steel anchors comprise fixing parts and stabilizing parts, the fixing parts and the stabilizing parts are vertically connected with each other, and the length of the fixing parts is 150-500 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109440726A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-08 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Built hard sea wall ecology structure system and method for construction |
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