CN108978579B - Riverway environment restoration structure and riverway ecological environment restoration method - Google Patents
Riverway environment restoration structure and riverway ecological environment restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a riverway environment restoration structure and a riverway ecological environment restoration method, wherein the riverway environment restoration structure comprises a riverbank protection slope part and a riverbed remediation part; the river bank slope protection part comprises stone arch members, grid slope protection curtains, dam bodies and vegetation; the river bed renovation part comprises a plurality of river bed water retaining members arranged on the river bed. The stone arched member and the riverbed water retaining member of the riverway environment restoration structure and the riverway ecological environment restoration method do not adopt reinforced concrete structures, do not change the 'curve-approaching → straight-approaching → curve-approaching' evolution trend of river nature, do not cause riverbed hardening, do not change the original water permeability of the riverbed and the communication channel with a peripheral water system, can realize maintaining a material exchange channel, keep the natural circulation of the energy of an ecological system, can effectively treat a riverway, stabilize the river and prevent flood flooding, and can gradually form good habitat and diversified biological communities, thereby effectively improving the effect of improving the riverway environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an environment restoration structure and an ecological environment restoration method, in particular to a river channel environment restoration structure suitable for a river channel and a river channel ecological environment restoration method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environment restoration.
Background
Due to the change of natural environment and the damage caused by insufficient understanding of human beings on the natural environment, the phenomena of scouring and silting frequently occur in natural rivers, water damage or river channel change and dryness easily occur, and the development of water conservancy and environmental protection are hindered. In order to meet the requirements of removing the trouble and benefiting the benefit, proper measures are needed to be taken to renovate the river channel, and the measures comprise engineering of dredging, bank protection, vegetation planting and the like. With the continuous development of the current water conservancy projects in China, the channel dredging project is promoted, and meanwhile, the rapid development of the river regulation project is driven. At the present stage, in the treatment process of many river channels, the river ecosystem is not protected, so that the ecosystem is out of balance, the river ecological environment is seriously damaged, and flood flooding, river channel dry or water quality change are caused.
In general, natural sinuous channels exhibit an alternating distribution, consisting primarily of deep troughs and shoals. The cleaning of the siltation is the core of river regulation. And the existence of the deep groove can further reduce the water energy, thereby effectively maintaining the water channel and protecting the whole riverbed. Because the water depth direction is influenced by different natural conditions, the area presents obvious ecological difference, thereby influencing the diversity of the biological population.
From traditional construction perspective, when the river form is renovated, mainly through following several kinds of modes: firstly, the river channel form is planned by means of canalization, solidification and the like, and the natural evolution mode of the river channel is changed. The river channel ecology regulation engineering utilizes a simple and single treatment mode of the river channel section, so that the sedimentation regulation of natural ecological impact substances on the river channel section is seriously influenced. Since the riverbed is often paved with corrosion-resistant materials such as concrete and stones, various evolution situations of the riverway are also hindered to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the correct implementation of most engineering schemes such as bending and straightening of the river channel is influenced, the flow state of the river channel is changed, and the river channel is more simplified, so that the alternation of air and water is weakened, the sinuous property and the zigzag property of the river channel are limited, and the ecological system is seriously damaged.
In order to strengthen the protection measures of the riverbed along the river beach and ensure the stability of the ecological environment of the riverbed boundary, the edge area of the riverway can be paved and fixed by using corrosion-resistant and scouring-resistant materials, so that the bank slope of the riverway is solidified, and the safety is improved. However, although the physical curing property of the boundary region of the river channel is improved by implementing the bank protection project, the necessary connection between the riverbed soil environment and the riverway water environment is lost, the external conditions of the riverway ecological environment are also seriously influenced, and the most basic development rule of the ecological environment is destroyed. Meanwhile, the scheme of solidifying the riverbed reduces necessary factors such as porosity, water passing, ventilation and the like of the riverbed, inhibits the natural growth of natural vegetation, protects the ground and absorbs and releases rainwater, thereby reducing the water supply of the surrounding ecological environment, and seriously influencing the swamp environment and the wetland environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a riverway environment restoration structure and a riverway ecological environment restoration method on the basis of restoring the original riverway width as much as possible, which can gradually form good habitat and diversified biological communities while effectively treating the riverway, stabilizing the river and preventing flooding or drying of the riverway, and effectively improve the effect of improving the riverway environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the riverway environment repairing structure comprises a riverway slope protecting part and a riverbed renovating part;
the river bank slope protection part comprises stone arch members, grid slope protection curtains, dam bodies and vegetation; the stone arch members are of arch section structures, a plurality of stone arch members are sequentially arranged and paved on the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope in a multi-arch shape along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the trend of the river, two adjacent rows of stone arch members arranged along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope are staggered and arranged in a fish scale structure, and sandy soil or soil is paved and tamped in the arches of the stone arch members; the grid slope protection curtain is laid on the stone arch member and comprises a water-near area grid slope protection curtain and a near-water area grid slope protection curtain which are sequentially arranged along a river bank water-facing slope, the water-near area grid slope protection curtain and the near-water area grid slope protection curtain are woven by reeds or straws or branches, and the water-near area grid slope protection curtain and the near-water area grid slope protection curtain are both buried in sandy soil or sand stones of a beach; constructing a dam body on the tops of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, wherein the dam body is of a conical structure which is piled up by soil or stones and has a small upper part and a large lower part, and the outer surface of the dam body is also piled up and paved with stone arch members; the vegetation is planted along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank and the river trend, the vegetation is sequentially provided with reed planted in the grid of the grid slope protection curtain of the near water area, shrub planted in the grid of the grid slope protection curtain of the near water area, willow planted inside the arch of the stone arch component at the bottom of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, poplar planted inside the arch of the stone arch component at the middle part of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, elm planted inside the arch of the stone arch component at the top of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank and herbaceous plants planted inside the arch of the stone arch component from bottom to top along the slope trend;
the river bed treatment part comprises a plurality of river bed water retaining members arranged on the river bed, and the river bed water retaining members are of an integral V-shaped structure formed by stacking and extruding stone materials or cobblestones.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the near-water area grid slope protection curtain is woven by fresh willow branches or other branches and tree branches capable of rooting and sprouting in water and soil.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the riverbed water retaining member adopts a vertical placing mode that the inverted V-shaped water retaining member is vertically arranged on the riverbed.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the riverbed water retaining member adopts a horizontal placement mode that the pointed end surface of the V-shaped structure faces to the upstream direction of water flow.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the riverbed water retaining member adopts a horizontal placement mode that the pointed end surface of the V-shaped structure faces the downstream direction of water flow.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a plurality of river bed water retaining members are arranged at intervals according to the topography of the river bed.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a plurality of riverbed water retaining members are arranged side by side or in parallel according to the topography of the riverbed.
A river ecological environment recovery method comprises the following steps:
a. laying a stone arch member: paving and tamping stone arch members on the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank and the trend of the river, arranging two adjacent rows of stone arch members along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank in a staggered manner to form a fish scale-shaped structure, and paving sandy soil or soil inside the arches of the stone arch members and tamping the sandy soil or soil;
b. laying a grid slope protection curtain: in a river section with more wind and sand, sequentially laying a water-facing area grid slope protection curtain and a near water area grid slope protection curtain along a water-facing slope of a river bank, and embedding the water-facing area grid slope protection curtain and the near water area grid slope protection curtain into sand or gravel of a beach;
c. constructing a dam body: building and tamping a dam body by using sand or stones at the tops of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, and building and paving and tamping stone arch components on the outer surface of the dam body;
d. planting vegetation: planting reeds in grids of the grid slope protection curtain in the waterside region, planting shrubs in grids of the grid slope protection curtain in the near water region, planting willows in the arched stone components at the bottoms of the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope, planting poplar in the arched stone components at the middle of the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope, planting elms in the arched stone components at the tops of the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope, and planting herbaceous plants in the arched stone components;
e. paving a river bed water retaining member: a plurality of river bed water retaining members are laid on the river bed, and the river bed water retaining members are piled and extruded by stone materials or cobblestones to form an integral V-shaped structure.
As a further improvement of the invention, when a plurality of riverbed water retaining members are laid on the riverbed, the river bed water retaining members are determined according to the topography and the water flow velocity of the riverbed shoal and deep groove.
Compared with the prior art, the riverway environment repairing structure and the riverway ecological environment restoring method do not change the natural 'curve-approaching → straight-getting → curve-approaching' evolution trend of the river on the premise of keeping the original width of the riverway, the riverway is renovated by paving a riverway water retaining member which is made of stone materials or cobblestones and is piled and extruded to form an integral V-shaped structure on the riverway according to the terrain of shallow and deep ditches of the riverway, the riverway water retaining member not only can realize the adjustment of the flow velocity of water, but also the riverway water retaining member which is not made of a reinforced concrete structure can not change the original structure of the riverway, such as gravel, cobblestones, sand, soil, clay and the like, can not cause the hardening of the riverway, can not change the original water permeability of the riverway and the communication channel with a peripheral water system, and the V-shaped structure of the riverway water retaining member and the silt with different peripheral thicknesses can jointly form a microorganism and a small aquatic habitat, meanwhile, a place can be provided for fish spawning, so that the underwater ecological environment is restored; the river bank is protected by sequentially arranging and paving stone arch members in a multi-arch shape on the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope along the slope trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the river trend and planting vegetation in the arch of the stone arch members, the stone arch members do not adopt a reinforced concrete structure, the hardening of the river bank and the side slope caused by the physical properties of the original boundary of the river bank cannot be changed, the connection between the original river water body and the river bed soil body cannot be blocked, the original habitat condition of the river channel cannot be damaged, and the maintenance of a material exchange channel and the energy circulation of an ecological system can be realized; because the stone arch members are also piled and paved on the outer surface of the dam body, trees are planted in the arches of the stone arch members forming the double-arch structure on the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, and the stone arch members of the double-arch structure not only have the capability of resisting extra-large flood and natural weathering, but also can form a structure of tree-wrapped stones and stone fixing dam after the trees grow, thereby realizing the effect of stabilizing and fixing the dam by wrapping tree root systems on the dam body; because the mode of taking to lay net slope protection curtain in near water district and near water district protects the vegetation in near water district and near water district, and the piece net slope protection curtain of weaving not only can the solid sediment, protect the vegetation to grow up, can not rot in the short time in addition, treats that net slope protection curtain rot back vegetation has formed the root system, has grown up, and the net slope protection curtain after rotting becomes the growth fertilizer of vegetation again, forms the virtuous ecological cycle. The riverway environment restoration structure and the riverway ecological environment restoration method can effectively renovate the riverway, stabilize the river situation, prevent flood flooding or dry the riverway, gradually form good habitat and diversified biological communities, and effectively improve the effect of improving the riverway environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the alignment and overlapping of the stone arch members of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the lattice slope protection screen of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the water retaining member for river bed according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. stone arch component, 2, grid slope protection curtain, 21, near water zone grid slope protection curtain, 22, near water zone grid slope protection curtain, 3, dam body, 4, riverbed water retaining component.
Detailed Description
Practice proves that the existence of any complete ecosystem has to meet two basic conditions: one is a habitat, i.e. a non-biological environment that supports the survival of living organisms; second, organisms, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. The river ecosystem is no exception, and the river ecosystem has to have the same composition structure to achieve the balance of yin and yang. The characteristics of the river ecosystem are reflected in the form diversity, habitat diversity and biodiversity of rivers.
The river ecosystem is a dynamic water ecosystem which has a connection with the surrounding land in thousands of ways. The complex matter exchange and energy conduction between the water area and the land area are continuously carried out, the intersection surface (riverbed) of the water area and the land area is an area where two different living environments influence and exchange with each other, the living environment near the riverbed boundary is superior to the single land area or water area environment, the heterogeneity is higher, and the biological community is richer. Waterfowl, fish, amphibians, migrating birds and the like are inhabited at the water-land connection, and submerged plants, emergent plants, terrestrial plants and the like are grown. Aiming at a river ecosystem, a large number of tests and practice of natural ecological virtuous cycle prove that: a great amount of flourishing plants and water areas can form microclimate and wet islands with smooth wind and rain, a large amount of forest greenbelts, and natural water storage reservoirs and flood control dams.
The yin-yang structure (theory) is the description of basic factors which are hidden behind natural laws and promote the development and change of the natural laws in ancient civilizations in China, is the motive power for various things to be inoculated, developed, matured, degenerated to disappear, is the core element for laying the logical thinking foundation of the Chinese civilization, and is a rule for revealing the safety balance of the nature. Yin and yang are the concepts of opposing unity in the development process of things. Yin and yang are two types of opposite and uniform energy existing in nature to form two types of particles with opposite and uniform properties, which are necessary conditions for promoting the growth, harvesting and storage change laws of all things in nature including human beings.
The mutual inhibition and growth of plants, also called as allelopathy and biochemical allelopathy, is an opposite and unified relationship between yin and yang. It means that a plant (donor plant) produces a direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effect on another plant or itself by allelochemically active substances released into its environment. Many plants secrete certain gases or juices from their bodies, which affect or inhibit the growth of other plants. However, the secretion of some plants has strong killing power to some viruses, bacteria and insects, so that it can be closely and mutually complemented, mutually beneficial and coexisted for a long time with other plants. Can form better micro-ecological environment for different tree species.
The invention is an original intention of restoring the ecological environment chain of the river channel, takes river channel restoration as a carrier and takes the restriction and growth-mutual action of plants and yin-yang balance as means to carry out environmental management.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the riverway environment repairing structure comprises a riverbank slope protection part and a riverbed remediation part.
The river bank slope protection part comprises a stone arch member 1, a grid slope protection curtain 2, a dam body 3 and vegetation; the stone arch member 1 is an arch section structure, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of stone arch members 1 are sequentially arranged and paved on the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the river trend in a multi-arch shape, two adjacent rows of stone arch members 1 arranged along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the back water slope are staggered and arranged in a fish scale structure, and sand or soil is filled in the arch of the stone arch members 1 and tamped; as shown in fig. 3, the lattice slope protection curtain 2 is laid in the stone arch member 1 and includes a water-adjacent lattice slope protection curtain 21 and a water-near lattice slope protection curtain 22 which are sequentially arranged along the water-facing slope of the river bank, the water-adjacent lattice slope protection curtain 21 and the water-near lattice slope protection curtain 22 are made of reeds or straws or branches, and the water-adjacent lattice slope protection curtain 21 and the water-near lattice slope protection curtain 22 are both buried or fixed in sandy soil or sand stones of the sand beach, so that the effects of fixing sandy soil and protecting young tree seedlings and reeds can be achieved; constructing a dam body 3 at the top of an upstream slope and a downstream slope of a river bank, wherein the dam body 3 is a conical structure which is piled up by adopting soil or stones and has a small upper part and a big lower part, and the outer surface of the dam body 3 is also piled up and paved with stone arch members 1; the vegetation is planted along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank and the river trend, the vegetation is sequentially provided with reeds planted in the grids of the grid slope protection curtain 21 of the waterside region, shrubs (such as shrubs formed by willows, poplar trees and other shrubs which are easy to grow and fast to grow) planted in the grids of the grid slope protection curtain 22 of the near water region, willows planted in the arches of the stone arch members 1 at the bottom of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, poplar planted in the arches of the stone arch members 1 at the middle of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, elms planted in the arches of the stone arch members 1 at the top of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, and herbaceous plants planted in the arches of the stone arch members 1.
The river bed treatment part comprises a plurality of river bed water retaining members 4 arranged on the river bed, and as shown in figure 4, the river bed water retaining members 4 are formed into an integral V-shaped structure by adopting stone materials or cobblestones through piling and extruding.
The piece of net bank protection curtain 2 of weaving not only can the solid silt, protect the vegetation to grow up, can not rot in the short time in addition, treats that net bank protection curtain 2 rotten after the vegetation has formed the root system, grows up, net bank protection curtain 2 after rotting becomes the growth fertilizer of vegetation again, forms benign ecological cycle.
In river water areas with large wind and sand and large water change, the invention advocates to weave the near-water area grid slope protection curtain 22 by using the fresh willow branches, on one hand, the near-water area grid slope protection curtain 22 woven by the fresh willow branches can fix sand, on the other hand, the fresh willow branches can root and grow into trees under the moistening of sand and water, and the fresh willow branches can become a growth promoter or fertilizer for vegetation after rotting and can not root and grow.
Meanwhile, in river water areas with more wind and sand and larger water change, the invention advocates widening the original river channel width and resisting narrowing the original river channel width and artificially rigid river channel running water. The widened river channel can be used for planting a large number of various trees, shrubs and reeds, protecting and moistening vegetation around the river channel, fixing the dike and protecting the river channel on one hand, and can resist flood disasters or drought disasters on the other hand to form a wet island or wet land effect.
The outer surface of the dam body 3 is also paved with stone arch members 1 in a piling way without adopting a reinforced concrete structure, trees are planted in the arches of the stone arch members 1 which form the double-arch structure on the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, and the stone arch members 1 of the double-arch structure have the capability of resisting extra-large flood and natural weathering, so that the structure of a tree wrapped stone and a stone fixed dam can be formed after the trees grow, and the stable dam fixing effect that the tree root systems wrap the dam body 3 is realized.
The river bed water retaining member 4 of the V-shaped structure does not adopt a reinforced concrete structure, not only can avoid a hard canalization river channel and keep water and soil exchange of the river channel, but also can prevent sand and soil loss, and meanwhile, the river bed water retaining member 4 of the V-shaped structure can form a habitat of underwater organisms. The riverbed water retaining member 4 of V font structure can adopt and be the mode of putting of erectting of the font of falling V, the pinnacle terminal surface that also can adopt V font structure is to the direction of rivers upper reaches (to the more torrent river reach of rivers, V font structure can carry out the water conservancy diversion to torrent rivers, reduce the impact of torrent rivers to riverbed water retaining member 4), also can adopt the pinnacle terminal surface of V font structure to the downstream direction of rivers (to the more gentle river reach of rivers, V font structure can carry out the water conservancy diversion to gentle rivers, improve the velocity of flow of gentle rivers), and then can realize the purpose of adjusting the velocity of flow of rivers. The plurality of river bed water blocking members 4 can be arranged at intervals according to the topography of the river bed shoal and the deep groove, or can be arranged side by side or in parallel according to the topography of the river bed shoal and the deep groove, and the height size of the river bed water blocking members 4 is between 0.3M and 0.6M.
The flood beach effect of flood in flood season plays an important role in the material communication between the river bank and the water body. When a flood comes, the water level of a riverbed rises, the flood carries a large amount of organic and inorganic nutrient substances such as dissolved matters or suspended matters, microorganisms, fishes and the like to flood on a riverbank water-facing slope, plant stems, leaves, seeds, fruits and insects of vegetation in the range of a submerged area become food of the fishes, the fishes in shoals become food of waterfowls and some terrestrial and amphibian organisms, in addition, plant roots and leaves on land are decomposed by the microorganisms and algae, and the microorganisms are eaten by juvenile fishes and small aquatic animals; after the flood is removed, silt and humus carried in the water become nutrients for the vegetation on the upstream slope of the river bank, and meanwhile, the water flow carries a large amount of terrestrial biological humus to return to the river bed, so that the substance exchange channel is maintained, and the energy circulation of an ecological system is kept.
From the perspective of oppositional unity of yin and yang, the river channel environment restoration structure realizes yin-yang balance from the whole river channel environment restoration macrostructure: water is yin, soil is yang, sand is yin, stone is yang, reed is yin, tree is yang, root is yin, branch is yang, small grass is yin, big tree is yang, water area is yin and dam dike is yang. The root systems of various plant trees are nourished and tied down in sandy soil in a water system to prevent the sandy soil from losing, resisting wind sand and preventing weathering, and the effects of oxygen absorption and release air pollution in plant manufacturing and water filtration of sandy soil to reduce river pollution are achieved. At the same time, the utility model is also resistant to flood attack and filtration and inhibition. Therefore, the combination and balance of yin and yang of plants and water and soil promote the vigorous growth of plants, a strong natural plant chain system is formed, and a river channel (river bank) naturally becomes a huge reservoir and a permanent flood control dam. And the fallen leaves and the dried branches of the plants are rotted, so that organic fertilizer is provided for the growth of the plants, meanwhile, a natural barrier is formed for the propagation and growth of the birds and the beasts, the habitat of birds can be formed in the micro-ecological environment formed by the ecological environment chain, and the birds are natural cleaners of tree, flower, plant and insect pests. Therefore, the long river channel not only forms a beautiful environment protection landscape line, but also promotes a natural virtuous cycle due to gradual change of natural ecology, namely the long river channel and a large area of two-bank forest plant greenbelts naturally form a reservoir and a flood control dam; clear and transparent river water in the river channel continuously flows to a distant place, and moistens mountains and lands on two sides of the river channel, so that the surrounding of the river channel gradually becomes microclimate and wetland effects with smooth wind and rain, and the good effect that 'green water green mountains are the Jinshan Yinshan' is really realized.
Claims (9)
1. A riverway environment restoration structure comprises a riverbank slope protection part and a riverbed remediation part; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the river bank slope protection part comprises a stone arch member (1), a grid slope protection curtain (2), a dam body (3) and vegetation; the stone arch members (1) are arch-shaped segment structures, a plurality of stone arch members (1) are sequentially arranged and paved on the river bank water-facing slope and the river bank water-backing slope along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the river trend in a multi-arch shape, two adjacent rows of stone arch members (1) arranged along the gradient trend of the river bank water-facing slope and the river bank water-backing slope are staggered and arranged in a fish scale-shaped structure, and sandy soil or soil is paved and tamped in the arches of the stone arch members (1); the grid slope protection curtain (2) is laid on the stone arch component (1) and comprises a water-near area grid slope protection curtain (21) and a water-near area grid slope protection curtain (22) which are sequentially arranged along a water-facing slope of a river bank, the water-near area grid slope protection curtain (21) and the water-near area grid slope protection curtain (22) are woven by reeds, straws or branches, and the water-near area grid slope protection curtain (21) and the water-near area grid slope protection curtain (22) are both buried in sandy soil or sand stones of a beach; constructing a dam body (3) at the top of an upstream slope and a downstream slope of a river bank, wherein the dam body (3) is of a conical structure which is piled by soil or stones and is small at the top and large at the bottom, and stone arch members (1) are also piled and laid on the outer surface of the dam body (3); the vegetation is planted along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank and the river trend, the vegetation is sequentially provided with reeds planted in the grids of the grid slope protection curtain (21) of the waterside region and shrubs in the grids of the grid slope protection curtain (22) of the near water region, willows planted inside the arches of the stone arch components (1) at the bottoms of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, poplar planted inside the arches of the stone arch components (1) in the middle of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, elms planted inside the arches of the stone arch components (1) at the tops of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank and herbaceous plants planted inside the arches of the stone arch components (1) from bottom to top along the slope trend;
the river bed treatment part comprises a plurality of river bed water retaining members (4) arranged on the river bed, and the river bed water retaining members (4) are of an integral V-shaped structure formed by stacking and extruding stone materials.
2. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 1, wherein the near-water region lattice slope protection curtain (22) is woven by fresh willow branches or other branch tree branches capable of rooting and sprouting in water and soil.
3. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 1, wherein the riverbed water blocking member (4) is vertically arranged on the riverbed in an inverted V shape.
4. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 1, wherein the riverbed water blocking member (4) is in a horizontal arrangement mode that the pointed end surface of the V-shaped structure faces the upstream direction of water flow.
5. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 1, wherein the riverbed water blocking member (4) is in a horizontal arrangement mode that the pointed end surface of a V-shaped structure faces the downstream direction of water flow.
6. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein a plurality of riverbed water blocking members (4) are arranged at intervals according to the riverbed topography.
7. The riverway environment repairing structure according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein a plurality of riverbed water blocking members (4) are arranged side by side or side by side according to the riverbed topography.
8. A river ecological environment recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. laying a stone arch member: paving and tamping stone arch members (1) on the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank and the trend of the river, arranging two adjacent rows of stone arch members (1) along the slope trend of the upstream slope and the back water slope of the river bank in a staggered manner to form a fish scale-shaped structure, and paving sandy soil or soil inside the arch of the stone arch members (1) and tamping the sandy soil or soil;
b. laying a grid slope protection curtain: in a river section with more wind and sand, a water-approaching area grid slope protection curtain (21) and a water-approaching area grid slope protection curtain (22) are sequentially paved along a water-facing slope of a river bank, and the water-approaching area grid slope protection curtain (21) and the water-approaching area grid slope protection curtain (22) are buried in sandy soil or sand and stones of a beach;
c. constructing a dam body: the method comprises the following steps of (1) piling and tamping a dam body (3) by using sand or stones at the tops of an upstream slope and a downstream slope of a river bank, and piling and paving and tamping stone arch members (1) on the outer surface of the dam body (3);
d. planting vegetation: planting reeds in grids of a grid slope protection curtain (21) in a waterside region, planting shrubs in grids of a grid slope protection curtain (22) in a near water region, planting willows in arches of stone arch members (1) at the bottoms of an upstream slope and a downstream slope of a river bank, planting poplar in arches of the stone arch members (1) in the middle of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, planting elms in arches of the stone arch members (1) at the tops of the upstream slope and the downstream slope of the river bank, and planting herbaceous plants in arches of the stone arch members (1);
e. paving a river bed water retaining member: a plurality of river bed water retaining members (4) are laid on the river bed, and the river bed water retaining members (4) are piled and extruded by using a stone material to form an integral V-shaped structure.
9. The method for restoring river channel ecological environment according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of river channel water blocking members (4) are installed on the river channel according to the topography of the river channel shoal and deep groove and the flow rate of water.
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| CN113430985A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-24 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Multi-layer ecological protection restoration method for rural river |
| CN116219945B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-05-10 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reservoir region layered ecological flood control dike |
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| CN105230323B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-08-29 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of growth-promoting binary stereoscopic configurations pattern against corrosion suitable for feldspathic sandstone small watershed |
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| CN207193899U (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-04-06 | 郑琢 | A kind of water conservancy slope protection net |
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