CN210827355U

CN210827355U - Movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss

Info

Publication number: CN210827355U
Application number: CN201921196267.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陳旃
Original assignee: Beijing Dongfang Lingyun Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Dongfang Lingyun Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-29
Filing date: 2019-07-29
Publication date: 2020-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-29

Abstract

A basic structure of a movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss is characterized in that in a gully in a water and soil loss way, a row of movable shrubs which are planted transversely along the gully at intervals and can continuously grow are used as a framework, auxiliary articles such as straw curtains, hemp bags or plastic woven bags which can prevent water from passing through but can prevent water from passing through are bound at the root of the framework, and soil ridges which can stop water are accumulated at the lower parts of the auxiliary articles, so that a silt dam which can block the sand loss but cannot prevent the water from passing through and is formed by movable plants and soil, namely the movable earth dam, can block the sand loss for a long time.

Description

Movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss

The technical field is as follows: the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection for treating water and soil loss.

Background art: the problem of soil erosion is a natural phenomenon. The fluvial plains at the downstream of the river are caused by water and soil loss at the upstream and midstream areas of the river. This is a benefit from water and soil loss problems since ancient times. The water and soil loss problem is not a simple beneficial problem of alluvial plains formed in the downstream of rivers, but means the harm caused by water and soil loss which needs to be prevented. For example, in the middle and upstream areas of the yellow river, large areas of forest grassland are reclaimed into cultivated land due to human activities, and thus, serious water and soil loss is caused, and various kinds of fruit are rotten.

The data show that the yellow river is a river with the largest sand content in the world, 4 hundred million tons of silt are deposited in a downstream riverbed every year, and 12 hundred million tons of silt are input into the Bohai sea. The majority of these silt comes from the loess plateau. A large amount of silt of the loess plateau flows into the yellow river and is deposited in the river channel, so that the river channel at the downstream of the yellow river is raised year by year, the river channel becomes a ground suspended river which is much higher than the ground of two banks, the river channel is maintained by river banks of the two banks, and once the flood season makes a break, serious harm can be caused. Several large reservoirs built since the country was built, such as three gorges reservoir, have been heavily silted by silt, losing a large part of regulation and control ability; the small wave bottom reservoir constructed later also faces the same crisis problem. While the velocity of silting can be mitigated by sand washing, the problem is not solved fundamentally.

Therefore, the water and soil loss problem of loess plateau must be treated to treat yellow river. It has been reported that the country will invest 2000 billion yuan in improving the ecological environment of loess plateau and solving the problem of water and soil loss in the coming fifty years. This is clearly a keen happy message. The problem now is how to use these investments more efficiently and what measures can be taken to achieve as soon as possible the goal of significantly reducing the flow of silt into the yellow river? In order to prevent water and soil loss, measures for controlling water and soil loss such as 'returning to cultivation and grass', 'sealing and cultivating forest', 'terrace on sloping field', 'scale and pit on steep slope' are adopted. However, the original dense forest and grass state with less sediment loss is recovered by returning to the forest after returning back, which is not a simple matter, and not only needs great cost, but also needs long process time; in the prior art, a 'silt dam' is also a water and soil conservation engineering measure which is built in each stage of channel in a water and soil loss area and aims at retaining flood and stopping mud and building silt fields. The silt-blocked land is called a dam land, and the dam for the silt land is called a silt dam. The method is an effective engineering measure for treating water and soil loss originally created by people in loess plateau areas in long-term water and soil conservation practice. The water and soil conservation committee of the midstream of the yellow river in 2003 Zhenyuan city in Shanxi province was heavily announced: and (4) comprehensively starting the water and soil conservation check dam project in the loess plateau area. The method is another important water and soil conservation engineering construction project after the state implements the policy of returning to agricultural land. However, the construction of the silt dam requires more manpower, material resources and financial resources, and the effect and efficiency of further stopping silt loss are lost when the silt is leveled.

The invention provides a movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss, which is a short, flat and quick technical measure aiming at silt lost in a gully and solving the problem with little investment, and is a measure capable of blocking silt loss and playing a role for a long time.

The invention content is as follows: the invention discloses a movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss, which is a method capable of quickly preventing water and soil loss and is built aiming at silt lost into gullies. The 'live soil dam capable of preventing water and soil loss' is characterized in that one live shrub belt capable of continuously growing is transversely planted at intervals in a gully with serious water and soil loss, a live shrub is used as a framework, objects which can block silt and allow water to flow through, such as straw curtains, hemp bags or plastic woven bags, are bound to the root of the live shrub, and soil is accumulated on the bottom of the live shrub, so that the live plant soil dam which can block silt loss and does not block water from flowing through, namely the 'live soil dam' is formed.

Specifically, in a gully with serious water and soil loss, one shrub (or bamboo and the like) which can grow continuously is planted transversely at intervals, after the shrub (or bamboo and the like) survives and is tied firmly, the shrub is used as a framework, and grass curtains or wheat straw thatch with proper width, or hemp bags or plastic woven bags and the like which can penetrate water but can filter and block silt from passing are vertically tied at the root of the shrub, so that the plant dam which can block silt from losing and can allow water to pass is formed. Before the rainy season comes, the roots of the plant dam are properly earthed, and the live soil dam with the shrub which can grow continuously as a framework is formed. The soil dam is built up by soil, shrubs contained in the soil dam grow continuously, and the longer the soil dam is, the taller the soil dam is, the longer the soil dam is, the thicker the soil dam is. The dam will be higher with the accumulation and will not be broken by water. After each rain water, soil is deposited at the upstream of the soil dam with the live plants as the backbone, and the higher the deposit is, the larger the area of the deposited soil formed by the deposited soil is. The method is a measure which can obviously reduce the flow of silt into the yellow river as soon as possible before the policy measures such as 'returning to cultivation' and the like can see obvious effects. Compared with the original 'silty dam' built by cement stones, the technical measure (method) for converting the 'plant dam' into the 'live earth dam' is simpler and easier to construct, requires much less investment and manpower and material resources, and can function for a long time only by slightly maintaining.

The technical measure (method) for converting the 'plant dam' into the 'living soil dam' is also suitable for treating other rivers with serious water and soil loss problems, such as the black land loss problem of the Heilongjiang.

In the construction of the 'loose soil dam', one shrub (such as buxus sinica, holly, cotton-locust tree, etc.) or bamboo which is in a strip shape and suitable for local growth is transversely planted in each gully with serious water and soil loss at intervals. The distance between every two shrub belts is about 300 meters. Each strip is about 1 meter wide and can be divided into several rows of substantially parallel shrub rows, and grass is planted on the downstream side of each strip. The shrub belt is planted without being too densely so as to survive and root-take, the impact force of water flow is reduced as much as possible, and water is not needed to be kept so as to avoid being destroyed by water before root-take and root-take. After the shrubs survive and deeper roots are pricked, branches of each row of strip shrubs can be simply woven into a grid shape, and a row of straw curtains which are about 30 centimeters wide and can retain soil but not retain water are bound at the roots of the upstream side of each row of shrubs, or wheat straw cogongrass, hemp bags, plastic woven bags and the like are temporarily clamped, so that the plant dam which can prevent silt from losing but not retain water and pass through is formed. Proper earthing up is carried out at the root of the movable earth dam, and the lower half part of grass curtains and the like is pressed, so that the simple movable earth dam is formed. Although the simple 'live earth dam' cannot completely cut off water flow like a 'silt dam' constructed by cement stones, the simple 'live earth dam' can quickly see the effect of blocking the outflow of silt with low cost and cost, and can deposit earth upstream of the 'silt dam'.

In order to accelerate silt deposition, before the rainy season comes, soil is taken from a part where the lower and normal water flow of each 'loose earth dam' passes through, the 'loose earth dam' at the lower position in a gully is stacked and buried to form a ridge 'loose earth dam' which has a deep and hard living shrub as a backbone and is reinforced by matching straw curtains or gunny bags or plastic woven bags and the like with enough width (height) and can completely block water, the 'loose earth dam' at the lower position in the gully is stacked and raised, meanwhile, the 'loose earth dam' at the higher position is left without banking up soil to form a 'water outlet' which can block silt but not block water, and the height stacked by the 'loose earth dam' at the lower position in the gully is higher than the height of the 'loose earth dam' at the higher position of the 'loose earth dam' which is left as a 'water outlet', so that the rainwater blocked by the low-position soil bank of the movable earth dam can flow away from the higher water discharge port.

In the process, a small excavator can be adopted to help construction when the soil is piled up to build the 'movable earth dam' of the earth ridge.

Therefore, after a rain, the lower ridge 'live earth dam' in the gully cannot be broken down by water, and the lower ridge 'is higher than the water discharge port', so that rainwater can be intercepted on the upstream surface of the lower ridge 'live earth dam' and gradually deposited into higher land. This action is similar to existing "sills". Along with the deposition of the silt above the live earth dam, when the land deposited again is close to the height of the water discharge port before the next rainy season, the soil ridge can be deposited together with the water discharge port all the time by burying with the soil to form a higher ridge live earth dam, and the water discharge port at the next time is left at the live earth dam at the higher part in the gully until the water discharge port can cross the gully.

In the future, no special soil is required to be piled every year, and the more and more dense shrub branches are woven into a grid shape, and grass curtains, hemp bags, plastic woven bags and other objects which can block silt but not water are tied on the roots of the shrubs to form the 'grates'. The straw curtain or the gunny bag piece and the plastic woven bag piece are installed once and can be used for more than one year generally. This becomes a "live dam" that can function for a long time, block the loss of silt but not retain water. The 'live soil dam' can be continuously increased along with the growth of plants (shrubs), the deposited land area is continuously increased, and the effect of blocking sediment is not lost after the deposited land area is leveled like the existing 'silt dam'. The maintenance of the 'live earth dam' only needs to keep objects such as straw curtains and the like which have a certain height and can block silt but not water at the roots of the shrubs which are continuously increased and densified.

Therefore, the rainwater collected from top to bottom in the rain is more and more, and the situation that the rainwater is blown out by the torrential flood, so as to wash gullies strongly and carry a large amount of silt to flow into the yellow river can be fundamentally changed due to the blockage of one layer of the 'live earth dam' and another layer of the 'live earth dam'. As long as the 'movable earth dam' is widely built in each gully with serious water and soil loss, the situation that the gully is washed and a large amount of silt flows into the yellow river can not be formed. Therefore, the water flow of the yellow river can be changed to be clear, the service life of reservoirs with small wave bottoms and the like is greatly prolonged, and the threat of flood to the downstream of the yellow river in the flood season is also avoided.

Except for sludge, the 'movable earth dam' can always accumulate part of water above the dam after rain as long as the dam is not flat, and can even become a small pond. It is not easy to imagine that if a new 'movable earth dam' is constructed in each gully of the loess plateau from top to bottom, even if the plateau sloping field is not green and the water and soil loss is still serious, the lost silt can be digested in situ and only silted into the gully, and gradually silts up in the gully to form a layer of 'terraces', and cannot further flow into the yellow river. In addition, in the flood season of rainwater concentration, the power of mountain flood outbreak is greatly weakened, the water quantity flowing into the yellow river in the same period is reduced, so that the yellow river cannot generate a large flood peak, and the safety guarantee is provided for the downstream area.

Shrubs planted in each row of the framework of the 'living dam' can be thinned when being planted, and the purposes of 'survival' and 'rooting' are achieved. After survival, the shrub skeleton grows vigorously along with hilling and siltation in rainy days, and can grow continuously along with the accumulation and siltation of soil of the 'movable earth dam', and the longer the root is, the deeper the root is, the more the branches are, the more the density is, the 'movable earth dam' is higher and higher, and the firmer and firmer, and the efficiency of blocking sediment is stronger and stronger.

Compared with the conventional earth dam, the conventional earth dam is easily washed down by water, takes labor and effort and cannot play a role; the 'live earth dam' only needs a little more manpower and financial resources to generate permanent reliable efficiency.

Compared with a 'check dam' formed by a stone dam cement dam, the 'check dam' formed by the stone dam cement dam has much larger investment and engineering quantity than a 'live soil dam', and once silt is fully filled, the 'check dam' formed by the stone dam cement dam completely loses the capability of blocking the outflow of the silt, so that a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are required to be added for heightening. The 'live earth dam' not only needs little investment, but also is not afraid of sediment deposition. The more silt is deposited, the deeper the roots of the plants are, the more branches are, the more dense the branches are, and the firmer the dam body is. The more sediment, the more vigorous the plant grows and can grow faster and multiply more than sediment. Besides the manpower needed for maintenance, little additional investment is basically needed. It is impossible to build a large number of cement stone "siltation dams" in each loess ditch that can only temporarily block silt, but it is easy to build multiple "live earth dams" in each ditch that function permanently. Therefore, the 'ditch wide construction live dam' is not only very effective but also practical and feasible for solving the problem of water and soil loss of the loess plateau. If the scheme can be implemented and popularized as soon as possible, even if the tree and grass planting work of 'returning to farmland' on the loess plateau does not meet the requirement of preventing water and soil loss, the silt is expected to not flow into the yellow river basically within ten years. By 'construction of a ditch and a wide-range live earth dam', lost silt can be digested in situ, silt deposition of reservoirs such as small wave bottoms and the like is greatly reduced, and the effective service life of the reservoirs is prolonged. The country builds such large reservoir at the bottom of the small waves, not only the cost is huge, but also the restriction of objective conditions, once the reservoir is deposited and loses efficiency like the three gorges reservoir, the reservoir with the same regulation and control capability is expected to be afraid of being difficult to find a proper reservoir site. If the method can be popularized comprehensively, the method can play a role in rebuilding a large reservoir. In addition, the capital invested for building the 'live earth dam' is mainly used in the local, can solve the problems of employment and development production for a large amount of local labor, not only plays a role in improving the local ecological environment and enlarging the cultivated land area, but also can improve the ecological environment of the whole yellow river basin.

Other rivers can be treated by the same method, such as the problem of black soil loss of Heilongjiang.

When the 'live earth dam' is built in each ditch, the 'live earth dam' is built from top to bottom, but the opposite procedure cannot be carried out, because the 'live earth dam' is built from top to bottom, and the 'live earth dam' can be built and intercepted from the ground layer by layer, so that large torrential floods are not easy to converge, and large water flow impact is not easy to generate on the 'live earth dam' below. Grass is planted at the downstream side of the ' live earth dam ' so as to prevent the soil at the downstream side of the ' live earth dam ' from being washed away by water, and the widening of the dam foundation of the ' live earth dam ' can be protected after the ' live earth dam ' grows up year by year '.

Usually, there are roads in the gully that go down the gully. When a 'movable earth dam' is built in the ditch, the road can be changed to a position higher than the water discharge port on the ditch side.

Description of the drawings: fig. 1 is a schematic lateral view of a "loose earth dam" built in a gully: numeral 1 indicates a bush serving as a framework of the 'live dam', numeral 2 indicates a straw mat for retaining soil without retaining water, numeral 3 indicates a ridge for piling and burying the root of the bush of the 'live dam', numeral 4 indicates grass planted at the downstream side of the 'live dam', and numeral 5 indicates a soil-taking and downward-digging part located at the upstream side of the 'live dam' when the 'live dam' is piled and buried.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: in the mountainous or Shaanxi regions with serious water and soil loss, a gully is selected, and the position of one movable earth dam is planned from top to bottom. The distance between every two 'live earth dams' is about 300 meters. And constructing and planting shrubs from top to bottom along gullies at the selected 'live earth dam' position. At the planned position, along the transverse direction of the gully, in the range of about 1 m in width, about 3 rows of shrubs such as buxus sinica, holly, cotton locust and the like are planted. In order to save the seedling consumption and avoid the large impact of water flow before rooting and survival, the seedlings can be planted thinly and cannot be planted densely like shrubs of roadside green belts in cities. Grass was planted in the range of about 2 meters on the downstream side of the planted shrub (the basic skeleton of the "live dam"). After the shrub backbone of the 'live earth dam' survives and before the rainy season of the next year comes, the shrub branches are transversely woven into a row of lattices, and grass curtains, hemp bags, plastic woven bags and the like with proper width and enough length are tied to the branches of the roots of the shrubs at the upstream side or temporarily clamped by wheat straws, couch grass and the like, so that the 'live plant earth dam' capable of blocking silt but not blocking water is formed. Digging soil at the upstream of the 'live earth dam' at the lower part of the gully, accumulating shrubs covering the 'live earth dam' to form a 'ridge' which is high enough to block water, and compacting. The height of the stacked earth ridges is determined according to specific conditions, and is properly higher than the height of the water discharge ports reserved on two sides of the 'movable earth dam' so as to force rainwater to flow through the water discharge ports in the rain. Thus, as the shrubs grow, more and more shrub branches are located in the framework of the 'live earth dam' than in the previous year before the rainy season comes. And piling soil again, covering, compacting and heightening. When the height of the land deposited on the upstream of the 'loose soil dam' is close to the height of the 'water outlet', the 'loose soil dam' at the 'water outlet' of the first year is covered during soil accumulation, and the 'water outlet' is left at a higher position in a gully. In this way, in another year, when the 'live earth dam' penetrating through two sides of a gully can be formed, shrubs of the 'live earth dam' originally covered by piled earth are full of branches, branches of the shrubs are only needed to be woven into a grid shape every year, grass curtains, hemp bags, plastic woven bags and the like are bound on the root of the upstream part to seal the grid, and the 'live earth dam' which can be used as a 'water drain opening' everywhere and allows water to flow without sediment loss is formed. The land deposited on the upstream side of the 'live earth dam' will be continuously increased, but the function of the 'live earth dam' for blocking the sediment loss will not be lost. This is in contrast to "siltation dams" which are constructed from lime cement, which costs a great deal of capital and manpower.

Claims

1. A basic structure of a movable earth dam capable of preventing water and soil loss is characterized in that in a gully in a water and soil loss path, a row of movable shrubs which are planted transversely along the gully at intervals and can grow continuously are used as a framework, auxiliary articles such as straw curtains, hemp bags or plastic woven bags which can block the passage of silt and allow water to pass through are bound at the root of the framework, and soil ridges which can block water are accumulated at the lower parts of the auxiliary articles, so that the movable earth dam which can block the loss of silt and cannot block the passage of water and is formed by movable plants and soil is formed, namely the movable earth dam.