CN108848734B - Ecological beach protection method adopting plant net structure - Google Patents
Ecological beach protection method adopting plant net structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108848734B CN108848734B CN201810845218.5A CN201810845218A CN108848734B CN 108848734 B CN108848734 B CN 108848734B CN 201810845218 A CN201810845218 A CN 201810845218A CN 108848734 B CN108848734 B CN 108848734B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological beach protection method with a plant net structure, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting beach protection vegetation; (2) plastic planting is carried out on the soil micro-topography; (3) applying a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation; (4) scientific management comprises four parts; the ecological engineering method is mainly characterized in that a plant net structure main body of a triangular grid net is formed by reed roots and stems, flooding-resistant shrubs and thin willow twigs, a soil micro-topography re-plastic planting method is adopted, and a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation and a scientific management method are applied. The invention considers and applies the strong root system expanding capability and high tensile strength characteristic of large-scale aquatic plants and the physiological and ecological habits of flooding-resistant plants, comprehensively utilizes and plays the self construction of a soil-plant-microorganism system and the mutual beneficial symbiotic action of species, has high soil fixing efficiency, good landscape effect and low maintenance cost, can be widely applied to the conservation ecological engineering of the exposed beach lands of rivers and lakes, and improves the geological structure stability and the ecological landscape of the beach lands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment restoration and ecological engineering, and particularly relates to an ecological beach protection method with a plant net structure.
Background
In rivers and lakes, the beach where water and land are connected is an important wetland resource and a material exchange buffer zone, and is also an important habitat on which various aquatic animals and plants depend to live. However, the influence of water flow and wind wave is large in the area due to the abnormal frequent action of water power, especially in large rivers and lakes, which causes the problems of loose soil quality of river and lake beaches, unstable geological structure, serious soil erosion loss, fragile ecological system and the like, influences the stability of navigation channels, and causes the damage of beaches due to artificial activities such as encroachment and reclamation of beaches. For the Yangtze river basin in China, the edge beaches and the shores of Yangtze rivers and tributaries are easily affected by the natural factors and the human factors, and the enhancement of the protective treatment of the beach land is always important content of channel improvement and ecological protection of the Yangtze river basin.
The protection of the beach is firstly to fix and guard the beach surface, thus being beneficial to the stability of the beach structure. For years, the traditional protection engineering of the beach land is usually implemented by lining with hard materials such as concrete structures and the like, wherein the lining comprises concrete caking or concrete interlocking block soft rows, or adopts forms of riprap (cast pillow) beach protection, steel wire gabion net beach protection, dam construction beach protection and the like. Although the short-term treatment effect is fast, the engineering quantity is large, the economic consumption is high, the geological hardening isolates the material exchange between the soil and the water body in the beach land and the side slope, the continuity of the animal and plant habitat is blocked, the habitat area is reduced, and the ecological and landscape of the local river is greatly damaged.
With the improvement of environmental awareness of people and the great importance of the country on the construction of ecological channels, ecological research on the beach protection engineering technology is needed. For the ecological beach protection technology, the technology researched and applied at the present stage is less, wherein the technology is named as an implanted ecological beach fixing method, the invention patent with the application number of CN201610291988.0 introduces a method for fixing beaches by paving straw rope net-shaped frames on soil and planting herbaceous plants, and the straw rope structure is easy to damage and has short service life, and the selected herbaceous plants are not resistant to flooding and the management implementation mode is more complex. The existing beach protection engineering also has ecological improvement application on the basis of the traditional beach protection technology, for example, in the beach protection in the Yangtze river midstream Jingjiang waterway renovation, grass seeds are paved on a steel wire mesh grid to form an ecological slope protection, and vegetation on the beach is reconstructed; a water-permeable throwing frame is adopted for the shoal protection of the heads of the new continents at the Anqing river reach in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river, a safe reproduction and rest space can be provided for aquatic organisms and amphibians, and silt-promoting and sand-settling provide a root-planting place for aquatic plants.
The application of the ecological technology in the beach protection engineering considers the interference of the hard chemical engineering on the local ecosystem to a certain extent, but forms large-scale ecological damage, and inevitably affects the breeding of river and lake sensitive species which are taken as habitats and food sources, even the long-term development of the whole ecosystem. Therefore, in order to integrate the development background of the beach protection engineering technology, the ecological beach protection technology needs to be researched to provide a scientific, effective and simple method which is beneficial to reducing ecological damage and promoting ecological restoration and is also beneficial to engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing beach protection technology, and provides an ecological beach protection method with a plant net structure, which solves the defect that the existing hardened beach protection technology causes the habitat and the ecological landscape to be damaged to a large extent, and also solves the problems of complex construction, high management cost and short system operation life of the existing ecological beach protection method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ecological beach protection method with a plant net structure comprises the following steps: (1) selecting beach protection vegetation; (2) plastic planting is carried out on the soil micro-topography; (3) applying a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation; (4) the scientific management comprises four parts, each part comprises specifically,
(1) selection of beach protection vegetation: the plant net structure main body of the triangular grid net is formed by reed roots and stems, flooding-resistant shrubs and fine willow twigs; the reed rhizome is provided with a root stem bud, the connection points of the triangular grid are bound by pretreated thin willow twigs, and the flooding-resistant shrub is planted in the central position of the triangular grid;
(2) and (3) soil microtopography re-plastic planting: firstly, carrying out terrain leveling and flat slope on a target beach land, removing impurities, constructing a triangular grid according to an equilateral triangle, wiring, excavating a planting groove along the wiring direction, placing reed roots and stems bound by thin willow strips in the planting groove, excavating a planting hole in the center of the triangular grid, planting flooding-resistant shrubs in the planting hole, and then carrying out soil covering and compaction;
(3) applying a water-fertilizing slow-release microbial preparation: the water-fertility slow-release microbial preparation consists of ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and hormone microorganisms; the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is sprayed in the planting groove and the planting hole before the plant is planted, and is sprayed for 1-2 times per week after the plant is planted according to the growth vigor of the plant;
(4) scientific management: the scientific management comprises application initial management, application middle management and application later management;
(a) application initial management: at the stage, water is accumulated and submerged for 2-3 months from the beach, the beach with the water-land limit of more than 5m is selected for wave prevention measures, and after the plants are planted, a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is applied to promote the growth and fixation of the root systems of the plants;
(b) and (4) application middle management: in the stage of vegetation rhizome supplement and growth, the plant uses the stored substance of the rhizome for the formation and growth of new rhizome and bud for 1 month, enhances daily maintenance management, improves the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, prevents and treats plant diseases and insect pests, timely checks and removes dead plant residues, replans new seedlings, makes shading measures for newly planted seedlings and promotes survival;
(c) applying post management: the stage is a beach water accumulation and flooding period, a plant net structure is formed, the growth of the plant and the physical connection stability of the plant roots and stems in the surface soil are regularly monitored, and wave-proof facilities are reinforced.
The main body of the plant net structure selects reed plant roots and stems as a base material for constructing the plant net structure, the growth of the reeds is wide, the drought resistance and the moisture resistance are strong, the reed roots and stems have extremely strong reproductive capacity and survival rate, and the migration of the population can be completed through the extension growth of underground roots and stems. The long reed rhizome strips with root buds form an equilateral triangular grid, the length of the equilateral triangular grid can be determined according to the length of a soil microtopography planting shallow groove in actual engineering, triangular connection points are bound by processed thin willow strips, if the actual length of a single plant rhizome is smaller than the length of a single side of a designed triangle, a plurality of plants of rhizome can be used for carrying out end-to-end continuous grafting until the requirement is met, and the connection parts are also bound by the thin willow strips. The single triangular grid takes one side as the side of other triangles, and expands to the adjacent triangle by the side, and so on; the multiple groups of triangular grids form a triangular net structure to form a basic frame of the plant net structure. The fine wicker is smooth and tough, the pretreated wicker absorbs water to reach saturation, and the toughness reaches the optimal state, so that the fine wicker is used as a natural plant material for connection and binding. The flood-resistant shrub can adapt to larger water level change, seedlings which are grown for at least 2 years, have strong and well-developed main roots, high root density and good branches and leaves are selected for planting in the middle area of the triangular grid, and the planting of the flood-resistant plants is favorable for enhancing the anchoring effect of soil of the beach.
The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure needs scientific and effective management, follows the following management method and is optimized: (a) application initial management: the technical application is carried out according to the characteristics of the climate of the beach area, the seasons without water accumulation or a small amount of water accumulation are selected, the interval between 2-3 months is at least needed when the water accumulation is submerged in the beach, the beach with the water-land boundary of more than 5m is selected, and auxiliary wave-proof measures are carried out if necessary, mainly aiming at obtaining primary root planting of reed rhizome with root bud and submerging-resistant plants and adapting to new soil environment, at the moment, water and fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is applied intensively to promote the growth and fixation of root systems, and the sun protection is paid attention to; (b) and (4) application middle management: in the stage, the root and stem supplement and growth period is new, the plant uses the stored substance of the root and stem for the formation and growth of new root and stem and bud, the root and stem of the unit soil body are increased, the plant division number of the unit area is increased, the stage lasts for at least 1 month, the daily maintenance management is enhanced, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, the pest and disease damage are prevented, the dead plant residue is checked and removed in time, the new seedling is replanted, the shading measure of the new seedling is made, and the survival is promoted; (c) applying post management: the water accumulation and the water logging of the beach caused by the rise of rainfall in the period, the plant net structure is basically formed, the reeds and the water-tolerant shrubs are further grown, the space of the root and stem group is stably expanded, the growth vigor of the plants and the physical connection stability of the roots and the stems of the plants on the soil surface layer are regularly monitored, and wave-proof facilities are arranged and reinforced if necessary.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the triangular grid in the step (1) is in an equilateral triangle structure, and the side length of each triangular grid is not less than 40 cm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the length of the thin wicker in the step (1) is not less than 30cm, and the branch diameter is 2-6 mm.
The technical scheme for further solving the problem is that the pretreatment in the step (1) is to remove leaves of the wickers, dry the wickers for 2 to 3 days, bake the wickers for 1 to 2 hours in an oven at 50 ℃, and finally soak the wickers in clear water for 1 day.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the flooding-resistant irrigation trees in the step (1) adopt nursery stocks which grow for not less than 2 years, and the plant height of the nursery stocks is 4070 cm below zero, and the planting density is 3-9 plants/m2。
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the depth of the planting groove in the step (2) is 10-20cm, and the width is less than 10-15 cm; the planting hole is circular, the diameter of the surface of the planting hole is larger than 10cm, and the depth of the planting hole is larger than 15 cm; the thickness of the covering soil after the plants are planted is not less than 5 cm.
The technical scheme for further solving the problem is that the preparation of the water-fertility slow-release microbial preparation in the step (3) is as follows: adding ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and hormone microorganisms into 1L of water according to the mass ratio of 6:3:2:2: 4; the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is 80-185mg/L, and the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation used for planting in a single triangular grid is 0.1-0.2L.
The technical scheme for further solving the problem is that the hormone microorganism is a mixed fertilizer containing azotobacter, organic phosphorus bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria.
The application of the plant net structure constructed by the ecological beach protection method in the protection of the river, lake and beach lands is also within the protection range, when the coverage of the plant net structure is more than 40%, the average water level of the river, lake and beach lands in the rich water season is not higher than 30cm, the average flow rate is not more than 0.5 m/s, and the gradient is less than 20%. .
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure considers the characteristics of strong root system propagation capacity, high tensile strength and easy material collection of large aquatic plants and the physiological and ecological habits of flooding-resistant plants, comprehensively utilizes the self-construction of a soil-plant-microorganism system and the mutual beneficial symbiotic action of species, and effectively fixes the silt soil of exposed beach lands and shallow beach lands.
(2) The invention provides an ecological beach protection method of a plant net structure, which is ecological, scientific, effective, low in manufacturing cost and easy to construct and manage, is suitable for soil immobilization and habitat maintenance of river and lake beach lands, overcomes the defects of large ecological damage, poor landscape effect, high consumption, complex construction and the like of the existing beach protection technology, and uses natural plant materials and construction methods which are high in efficiency, low in cost and free of secondary pollution risks.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant triangular mesh monomer according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the composite plant net structure of the present invention.
The numbers in the figure are 1-thin willow twigs, 2-reed rhizomes, 3-reed root shoots and 4-flooding-resistant shrubs.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
And carrying out beach protection engineering on a river shoal.
(1) Firstly, defining a treatment engineering section with the length and width of 100m multiplied by 20m, wherein the average gradient is 3 percent, the outer boundary of the engineering section is 10m away from an amphibious boundary line, and a foot protector with belt-shaped gravels is arranged at the boundary and is easy to cause soil loss by water flow scouring;
(2) as shown in fig. 1, reed rhizome, flooding-resistant shrub and fine willow twigs are selected as beach protection vegetation to form a plant net structure main body of a triangular grid;
the reed rhizome is provided with a root stem bud and is bound by thin wicker; the slender willow twigs are 40cm long and 4mm in branch diameter, are aired for 3 days, are baked for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃ in an oven and are then soaked in clear water for 1 day, so that the slender willow twigs fully absorb water; 2-year-old thinning cypress branches are needed for the flooding-resistant shrubs, and the plant height of the nursery stock is 50 cm;
(3) beginning construction in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, leveling the beach surface of the engineering section, removing sundries such as large stones and garbage, and filling up the hollow; constructing a triangular grid according to an equilateral triangle and wiring, wherein the side length of the triangular grid is 50 cm; then, excavating a planting groove along the wiring direction, wherein the depth of the planting groove is 15cm, the width of the planting groove is 5cm, placing reed roots with root buds in the planting groove, watering the reed roots to keep moist, and binding mesh nodes of the reed roots by using thin willow twigs; digging 2 planting holes with surface diameter of 12cm and depth of 16cm at the center of the triangular grid, planting 2-year-old water-proof irrigated wood, sparse flower and cypress branches into the planting holes, and controlling the planting density to be 3 plants/m2Initial plant coverage 15%; on beach after plantingThe planting grooves and the planting holes are covered with soil, and the thickness is 5 cm;
(4) preparing a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation, and adding 30mg of ammonium nitrate, 15mg of calcium superphosphate, 10mg of potassium chloride, 10mg of magnesium chloride and 20mg of mixed fertilizer containing azotobacter, organophosphorus bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria into 1L of water; the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is 85mg/L, 0.1L of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is sprayed on each triangular grid for 1 time per week, and the growth of plant root systems and the absorption of nutrients are promoted;
(5) the plant net structure after planting is shown in figure 2, maintenance and management are carried out on the beach protection plants, ecological indexes such as reed budding rate, shrub height, plant coverage, soil moisture and the like are monitored, dead roots and plants are removed, and new seedlings are replaced.
The practical monitoring of the plant beach protection project shows that after the project is finished for 1 month, the sprouting rate of the reeds is as high as 90 percent, the shrub grows well, and the soil moisture saturation is kept between 60 and 80 percent; after 3 months of operation of the beach protection project, the reed grows well, the average height of the plant is 85cm, the average height of the shrub is increased by 11cm, and the plant coverage reaches 42%. The depth of the accumulated water in the beach is from 0 to 23cm, the plants have strong anti-scouring capability to water flow in the water accumulation period, most plants grow vertically without lodging, the surface soil is kept intact, the structural stability of the soil in the beach is obviously enhanced, and the species diversity and ecological landscape of the beach are improved.
Example 2
And carrying out beach protection engineering on the edge beach of a shallow lake.
(1) Firstly, defining treatment engineering sections with length and width of 50m multiplied by 5m respectively, wherein the annual change of the lake water level is small, and the change range is within 30 cm. The project section beach soil is mainly soft loam, the surface soil moisture saturation is as high as 92%, and the water and land junction is eroded by scouring due to certain wave disturbance and has a tendency of spreading upwards. The section of plants is few, and the average gradient is 4%;
(2) as shown in fig. 1, reed rhizome, flooding-resistant shrub and fine willow twigs are selected as beach protection vegetation to form a plant net structure main body of a triangular grid;
the reed rhizome is provided with a root stem bud and is bound by thin wicker; the slender willow twigs are 50cm long and 6mm in branch diameter, are aired for 2 days, are baked for 2 hours at 50 ℃ in an oven and are then placed in clear water for soaking for 1 day, so that the slender willow twigs fully absorb water; 2-year-old thinning cypress branches are needed for the flooding-resistant shrubs, and the height of the nursery stock is 45 cm;
(3) the construction is started at the beginning of 6 months, the beach surface of the engineering section is leveled, and sundries such as large stones, garbage and the like are removed; constructing a triangular grid according to an equilateral triangle and wiring, wherein the side length of the triangular grid is 45 cm; then, excavating a planting groove along the wiring direction, wherein the depth of the planting groove is 20cm, the width of the planting groove is 8cm, placing reed roots with root buds in the planting groove, watering the reed roots to keep moist, and binding mesh nodes of the reed roots by using thin willow twigs; digging 2 planting holes with surface diameter of 15cm and depth of 16cm at the center of the triangular grid, planting 2-year-old water-proof irrigated wood, sparse flower and cypress branches into the planting holes, and controlling the planting density to be 4 plants/m2Initial plant coverage 18%; after planting, covering soil on the planting groove and planting hole of the beach land, wherein the thickness is 8 cm;
(4) preparing a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation, and adding 60mg of ammonium nitrate, 30mg of calcium superphosphate, 20mg of potassium chloride, 20mg of magnesium chloride and 40mg of mixed fertilizer containing azotobacter, organophosphorus bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria into 1L of water; the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is 170mg/L, 0.15L of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is sprayed on each triangular grid for 1 time per week, and the growth of plant root systems and the absorption of nutrients are promoted;
(5) the plant net structure after planting is shown in figure 2, maintenance and management are carried out on the beach protection plants, ecological indexes such as reed budding rate, shrub height, plant coverage, soil moisture and the like are monitored, dead roots and plants are removed, and new seedlings are replaced.
The practical monitoring of the plant beach protection project shows that after the project is finished for 1 month, the sprouting rate of the reeds is as high as 95 percent, the shrub grows well, and the soil moisture saturation is kept at 94 percent; after 3 months of operation of the beach protection project, the reed grows well, the average height of the plant is 65cm, the average height of the shrub is increased by 14cm, the plant coverage reaches 36%, other plants grow basically in an upright way except that individual plants are lodged at the junction between the land and the water, and each plant has tillering branches. The depth of the accumulated water in the beach is from 0 to 5cm, the beach soil at the plant root planting position is kept good, the erosion degree of the plants by the wind and the waves is slight, and the purpose of protecting the stability of the beach soil structure is basically achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A plant net structure ecological beach protection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting beach protection vegetation; (2) plastic planting is carried out on the soil micro-topography; (3) applying a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation; (4) the scientific management comprises four parts, each part comprises specifically,
(1) selection of beach protection vegetation: the plant net structure main body of the triangular grid net is formed by reed roots and stems, flooding-resistant shrubs and fine willow twigs; the reed rhizome is provided with a root stem bud, the connection points of the triangular grid are bound by pretreated thin willow twigs, and the flooding-resistant shrub is planted in the central position of the triangular grid;
(2) and (3) soil microtopography re-plastic planting: firstly, carrying out terrain leveling and flat slope on a target beach land, removing impurities, constructing a triangular grid according to an equilateral triangle, wiring, excavating a planting groove along the wiring direction, placing reed roots and stems bound by thin willow strips in the planting groove, excavating a planting hole in the center of the triangular grid, planting flooding-resistant shrubs in the planting hole, and then carrying out soil covering and compaction;
(3) applying a water-fertilizing slow-release microbial preparation: the water-fertility slow-release microbial preparation consists of ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and hormone microorganisms; the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is sprayed in the planting groove and the planting hole before the plant is planted, and is sprayed for 1-2 times per week after the plant is planted according to the growth vigor of the plant;
(4) scientific management: the scientific management comprises application initial management, application middle management and application later management;
(a) application initial management: at the stage, water is accumulated and submerged for 2-3 months from the beach, the beach with the water-land limit of more than 5m is selected for wave prevention measures, and after the plants are planted, a water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is applied to promote the growth and fixation of the root systems of the plants;
(b) and (4) application middle management: in the stage of vegetation rhizome supplement and growth, the plant uses the stored substance of the rhizome for the formation and growth of new rhizome and bud for 1 month, enhances daily maintenance management, improves the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, prevents and treats plant diseases and insect pests, timely checks and removes dead plant residues, replans new seedlings, makes shading measures for newly planted seedlings and promotes survival;
(c) applying post management: the stage is a beach water accumulation and flooding period, a plant net structure is formed, the growth of the plant and the physical connection stability of the plant roots and stems in the surface soil are regularly monitored, and wave-proof facilities are reinforced.
2. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the triangular grid in the step (1) is in an equilateral triangle structure, and the side length of each triangular grid is not less than 40 cm.
3. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the thin willow twigs in the step (1) is not less than 30cm, and the branch diameter is 2-6 mm.
4. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pretreatment in the step (1) is to remove leaves of the wicker, dry the wicker in the sun for 2 to 3 days, bake the wicker in an oven for 1 to 2 hours at 50 ℃, and finally soak the wicker in clear water for 1 day.
5. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the flooding-resistant irrigation trees in the step (1) adopt nursery stocks growing for not less than 2 years, the plant height of the nursery stocks is 40-70 cm, and the planting density is 3-9 plants/m2。
6. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the depth of the planting groove in the step (2) is 10-20cm, and the width is less than 10-15 cm; the planting hole is circular, the diameter of the surface of the planting hole is larger than 10cm, and the depth of the planting hole is larger than 15 cm; the thickness of the covering soil after the plants are planted is not less than 5 cm.
7. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation in the step (3) comprises the following steps: adding ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and hormone microorganisms into 1L of water according to the mass ratio of 6:3:2:2: 4; the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation is 80-185mg/L, and the concentration of the water-fertilizer slow-release microbial preparation used for planting in a single triangular grid is 0.1-0.2L.
8. The ecological beach protection method of the plant net structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the hormone microorganism is a mixed fertilizer containing azotobacter, organophosphorus bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria.
9. The use of the plant net structure constructed by the ecological beach protection method of any one of claims 1-8 in the protection of river, lake and beach.
10. The use of a plant net structure according to claim 9 for protection of rivers, lakes and beaches, characterized in that: when the coverage of the plant net structure is more than 40%, the average water level of the river, lake and beach land in the rich water season is not higher than 30cm, the average flow speed is not more than 0.5 m/s, and the gradient is less than 20%.
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