CN111527819B - Method for repairing suaeda salsa in coastal wetland - Google Patents

Method for repairing suaeda salsa in coastal wetland Download PDF

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CN111527819B
CN111527819B CN202010495267.8A CN202010495267A CN111527819B CN 111527819 B CN111527819 B CN 111527819B CN 202010495267 A CN202010495267 A CN 202010495267A CN 111527819 B CN111527819 B CN 111527819B
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grid
wetland
tidal flat
diameter
unit
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CN111527819A (en
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白军红
关亚楠
王伟
王大伟
马旭
张光亮
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Beijing Normal University
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Beijing Normal University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for restoring suaeda salsa in a coastal wetland, which is characterized in that a grid is arranged on the coastal wetland, and the grid is woven by wetland grass herbaceous plants; the grating is formed by vertically and crosswise arranging a plurality of transverse dividing devices and longitudinal dividing devices, a plurality of square grid units are formed inside the grating, and quincunx-shaped pit micro-terrains are arranged in the grid units. The invention repairs the grid in combination with the pit microtopography, so that the living environment of the suaeda glauca is improved.

Description

Method for repairing suaeda salsa in coastal wetland
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for restoring suaeda salsa in a coastal wetland.
Background
The coastal wetland of the yellow river delta is the most complete, the widest and young wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone of China, is also an important transfer station, an overwintering habitat and a breeding land for bird migration, and has rich biological diversity. Due to the special geographical position and landforming factors, the new-born soil has short process, low curing degree, less soil nutrient but extremely high salt content and serious salinization degree. Suaeda salsa (Suaeda salsa) is the dominant species of coastal wetland in yellow river delta, and has the ecological functions of water and soil conservation, habitat supply, pollution purification and the like. In recent years, under the dual influence of high-strength sea reclamation activities and climate change such as farmland reclamation and port construction, hydrological communication and biological communication are blocked due to water-sand imbalance and water-salt imbalance of the yellow river delta, suaeda salsa wetland is degraded to different degrees, habitat patches are broken, and the structure and the function of the yellow river delta wetland are seriously influenced. Therefore, the restoration of the suaeda salsa degraded wetland becomes the urgent need to guarantee the regional ecological safety and promote the regional economic and ecological coordinated development.
At present, yellow river water is introduced to a part of yellow river delta regions to recover and improve the degraded suaeda salsa wetland by a method of pressing salt with light pressure, and certain results are obtained, but the regional fresh water resources are lack of water, and the upstream water is insufficient, so that the wide-range implementation is difficult. The suaeda salsa is also repaired by adding some chemical modifiers to improve the salinization degree of the soil, but the application of a large amount of chemical modifiers can cause soil hardening. And biological methods such as transplanting and the like are used for carrying out ecological restoration on the suaeda salsa wetland in the severely degraded saline land, so that the effect is slow and poor.
Therefore, a method which can repair the degraded suaeda salsa wetland by using the existing resources and has the characteristics of low repair engineering cost and environmental protection needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for repairing suaeda salsa in coastal wetland, which has low repair engineering cost and is green and environment-friendly.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: arranging a grid on the coastal wetland, wherein the grid is woven by wetland grass herbaceous plants; the grating is formed by vertically and crosswise arranging a plurality of transverse dividing devices and longitudinal dividing devices, a plurality of square grid units are formed inside the grating, and quincunx-shaped pit micro-terrains are arranged in the grid units.
Further, the grids are arranged in a bare spot area and a degraded area of the suaeda salsa wetland in the intertidal zone.
Further, the laying time of the grating is from the middle ten-tenths to the middle twelve-tenths of a year.
Further, the grating is one of a shallow lattice grating and a deep lattice grating.
Further, shallow check grid is formed by the concatenation of the grid strip of a plurality of cylinder or strip cylindricality, the horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device of grid strip formation shallow check grid, the horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device vertical cross formation shallow check grid unit of grid, the preparation method of grid strip is for collecting wetland grass family herbaceous plant's straw, weaves into the bundle, ties it with the rope and fixes.
Further, dark check grid encloses by a plurality of straw mats of weaving, weave horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device of straw mat formation dark check grid, horizontal segmenting device and vertical segmenting device intersect perpendicularly and form dark graticule mesh check unit, weave the straw mat and compile for using wetland grass family herbaceous plant, the clearance of weaving in the straw mat is 1-2 mm.
Further, the grid units of the shallow grid are arranged close to the earth surface, and the length and the width of each grid unit are respectively as follows: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the diameter of the grid bars is 3-10cm, and the size of the grid units is set according to the positions of the grid bars distributed in the intertidal zones of the coastal wetland: the area of the grid unit and the diameter of the grid bars distributed on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach are increased in sequence.
Further, the length and width of the shallow grid unit and the diameter of the grid bars are respectively as follows: each grid unit of the high tidal flat is 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide and 8-10cm in diameter of the grid strip, each grid unit of the medium tidal flat is 50-60cm long, 50-60cm wide and 5-8cm in diameter of the grid strip, and each grid unit of the low tidal flat is 25-35cm long, 25-35cm wide and 3-5cm in diameter of the grid strip.
Further, the length, width, height and buried depth of the grid unit of the deep grid are respectively: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the height is 15-20cm, and the buried depth is 15cm-30 cm; setting the size of grid units according to the position of the grid cloth in the intertidal zone of the coastal wetland: the volume of the grid units arranged on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach is increased in sequence; and the grid units of the deep grid are used for burying the grid into soil in a furrow earthing mode.
Further, the length, width, height and buried depth of the grid unit in the deep grid are respectively: each grid unit of the high tidal flat is 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide, 15-20cm high and 15-20cm buried depth, each grid unit of the medium tidal flat is 50-60cm long, 50-60cm wide, 15-20cm high and 20-25cm buried depth, and each grid unit of the low tidal flat is 25-35cm long, 25-35cm wide, 15-20cm high and 25-30cm buried depth.
Further, the wetland grass family herbaceous plant is one or two of reed or spartina alterniflora.
Further, the quincunx is arranged to make artificial micro-terrain pot holes with soil extractors at five places in four corners and the center in the grid unit; the diameter and depth of the pit are set according to the position of an intertidal zone, and the diameter and depth of the pit along the low tidal flat, the middle tidal flat and the high tidal flat are gradually increased and deepened; wherein the diameter of the low tidal flat pot hole is 5cm, the depth of the low tidal flat pot hole is 5cm, the diameter of the low tidal flat pot hole is 10-15cm, and the depth of the low tidal flat pot hole is 8-10 cm; the diameter of the high tidal flat pot hole is 15-20cm, and the depth is 10-15 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the grids arranged on the coastal wetland have water retention, can effectively improve local soil environmental conditions such as water content, salinity, microbial structures and the like of the soil in a repair area, and enhance the hydrologic communication strength by improving the water-salt conditions of the local soil.
The grid is combined with pit micro-topography repair, and the pit micro-topography repair is adopted, so that the surface roughness is increased, and the trapped seeds are uniformly distributed; meanwhile, after the pit hole micro-terrain structure is formed, the landform and the landform are changed, the positive effect on the improvement of the physical and chemical indexes of the soil is achieved, the planting and the growth of the suaeda salsa are facilitated, so that more crabs are attracted to be drilled and settled, the expansion of the excavation area of the pit hole is promoted, the biological connectivity is improved, and the positive feedback effect is realized on an ecological system.
The grid can be degraded, and the nutrient substances released in the decomposition process can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the suaeda salsa. The invention has firm grid and can prevent the erosion of tide water and sea ice.
The repairing method has the advantages of low repairing engineering cost and environmental protection, and has wide application prospect and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a deep grid;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shallow lattice grid;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a quincunx arrangement of pit microtopography within a grid cell;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the coupling of hydrologic connectivity index to biomass;
FIG. 5 is a result of correlation analysis of hydrological, soil and plant growth condition parameters.
In the figure, 1 grid bar of deep grid, 2 suaeda salsa, 3 pits, 4 grid units and 5 grid bars of shallow grid are arranged.
Detailed Description
The repairing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for restoring suaeda salsa in a coastal wetland, wherein a grid is arranged on the coastal wetland, and the grid is woven by wetland grass herbaceous plants; the grid is formed by vertically and crosswise arranging a plurality of transverse dividing devices and longitudinal dividing devices, a plurality of square grid units are formed inside the grid, and plum blossom-shaped pit micro-terrains are arranged in the grid units to enhance hydrological communication and biological communication of a recovery area. The grids are arranged in a bare spot area and a degraded area of the suaeda salsa wetland in the intertidal zone. The laying time of the grating is from the middle ten-tenths to the middle twelve-tenths of a year. Suaeda salsa grows in the grid units.
The grid of this embodiment is shallow check grid, as shown in fig. 2, shallow check grid is formed by the 5 concatenations of the grid strip of a plurality of cylinder or strip cylindricality, 5 horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device that form shallow check grid of grid strip, the horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device vertical cross formation shallow check net unit of grid, the straw of collecting herbaceous plant of the preparation method of check grid strip 5 is woven into the bundle, and it is fixed with knoing with the rope. The grid unit 4 of shallow grid clings to the earth's surface and sets up, the length and width of grid unit do respectively: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the diameter of the grid bars is 3-10cm, and the size of the grid units is set according to the positions of the grid bars distributed in the intertidal zone of the coastal wetland: the area of the grid unit and the diameter of the grid bar 5 arranged on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach are increased in sequence.
In order to ensure relatively uniform distribution of suaeda salsa seeds carried by the tidal water intercepted in the grid unit, when the grid is arranged, the grid unit is internally provided with a quincunx arranged pot hole micro-topography, as shown in fig. 3, and the specific surface roughness is increased. The quincunx is arranged to manufacture artificial micro-terrain pot holes 3 at five positions including four corners and the center in the grid unit 4 by using soil extractors; the diameter and the depth of the pot holes 3 are set according to the position of an intertidal zone, the diameter and the depth of the pot holes along a low tidal flat, a middle tidal flat and a high tidal flat are gradually increased and deepened, and the diameter and the depth of the pot holes of the high tidal flat are 15-20cm and 10-15 cm. .
In this embodiment, the shallow lattice grid is arranged at the high tide beach, the length and width of the shallow lattice grid unit and the diameter of the lattice grid are respectively as follows: each grid unit is 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide and 8-10cm in diameter of the grid strip, in this embodiment, each grid unit is 90cm long, 90cm wide and 9cm in diameter of the grid strip. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is reed. The diameter of the pit of the high tide beach is 18cm, and the depth is 13 cm.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the shallow lattice grid described in this embodiment is arranged on the tidal flat, where each grid unit in the tidal flat has a length of 50-60cm, a width of 50-60cm, and a diameter of grid bar of 5-8cm, and in this embodiment, each grid unit has a length of 55cm, a width of 53cm, and a diameter of grid bar of 7 cm. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is reed. The diameter of the medium tidal flat pit can be selected within the range of 10-15cm and the depth of 8-10cm, and the diameter of the medium tidal flat pit is 13cm and the depth of 9cm in the embodiment.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the shallow lattice grid described in this embodiment is arranged on a low tidal flat, each lattice unit is 25-35cm long and 25-35cm wide, and the diameter of the grid strip is 3-5cm, and in this embodiment, each lattice unit is 35cm long and 25cm wide, and the diameter of the grid strip is 4 cm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the low tidal flat pit is 5cm, and the depth is 5 cm. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is spartina alterniflora. The spartina alterniflora has higher lignification degree, stronger toughness, salt and flood resistance and wind and wave resistance compared with reed plants, is more suitable for being used as a grid, and is listed in the most dangerous 100 invasive species list in the world. It is represented by: the method has the advantages that the inhabiting environment of offshore organisms is damaged, and beach culture is influenced; blocking a channel and influencing ship departure; the water quality is reduced and red tide is induced due to the influence on the seawater exchange capacity; and fourth, the local coast ecosystem is threatened, so that a large number of mangrove forests disappear. Therefore, the invention also has the function of waste utilization.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for restoring suaeda salsa in a coastal wetland, wherein a grid is arranged on the coastal wetland, and the grid is woven by wetland grass herbaceous plants; the grid is formed by vertically and crosswise arranging a plurality of transverse dividing devices and longitudinal dividing devices, a plurality of square grid units are formed inside the grid, and pit micro-terrains arranged in a quincunx shape are arranged in the grid units to enhance hydrological communication and biological communication of a recovery area. The grids are arranged in a bare spot area and a degraded area of the suaeda salsa wetland in the intertidal zone. The laying time of the grating is from the middle ten-tenths to the middle twelve-tenths of a year. Suaeda salsa grows in the grid units.
The grid of the embodiment is a deep grid, and as shown in fig. 1, the grid structure illustrated in the figure is a grid surrounded by woven straw mats, and the vegetation in the grid is suaeda salsa 2. Dark check grid 1 is enclosed by a plurality of straw mats of weaving, weave horizontal segmenting device and the vertical segmenting device of dark check grid 1 of straw mat formation, horizontal segmenting device and vertical segmenting device vertical cross form dark net check unit, weave the straw mat and weave for making with wetland grass family herbaceous plant, this embodiment chooses for use for the spartina alterniflora, weave the straw mat and weave for forming through horizontal, vertical herbaceous plant vertical cross, the clearance between the adjacent system line of weaving is 1-2 mm. The length, width, height and buried depth of the grid unit of the deep grid 1 are respectively as follows: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the height is 15-20cm, and the buried depth is 15cm-30 cm; setting the size of grid units according to the position of the grid cloth in the intertidal zone of the coastal wetland: the volume of the grid units arranged on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach is increased in sequence; and the grid unit of the deep grid 1 adopts a furrow earthing mode to bury the grid into the soil.
In this embodiment, the deep grid is arranged at the high tide beach, each grid unit may be 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide, 15-20cm high, and 15-20cm buried depth, and in this embodiment, each grid unit is 90cm long, 90cm wide, 18cm high, and 16cm buried depth. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is spartina alterniflora. In the embodiment, quincunx arrangement is that five positions of four corners and the center in the grid unit are used for manufacturing artificial micro-terrain pot holes by soil extractors; the diameter of the high tidal flat pot hole is 15-20cm, and the depth is 10-15 cm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the hole is 18cm, and the depth is 12 cm.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 4 is that the deep grid of the embodiment is arranged on the tidal flat, each grid unit is 50-60cm long, 50-60cm wide, 15-20cm high and 20-25cm deep, and each grid unit in the embodiment is 58cm long, 52cm wide, 16cm high and 21cm deep. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is spartina alterniflora. In the embodiment, quincunx arrangement is that five positions of four corners and the center in the grid unit are used for manufacturing artificial micro-terrain pot holes by soil extractors; the diameter of the medium tidal flat pit is 10-15cm, and the depth is 8-10 cm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the hole is 13cm, and the depth is 9 cm.
Example 6
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 4 is that the deep grid of the embodiment is arranged on a low tide beach, each grid unit of the low tide beach is 25-35cm long, 25-35cm wide, 15-20cm high and 25-30cm buried depth, and in the embodiment, the grid unit is 35cm long, 32cm wide, 19cm high and 30cm buried depth. The wetland grass family herbaceous plant is spartina alterniflora. In the embodiment, quincunx arrangement is that five positions of four corners and the center in the grid unit are used for manufacturing artificial micro-terrain pot holes by soil extractors; wherein the diameter of the low tidal flat pit is 5cm, and the depth of the low tidal flat pit is 5 cm.
The method utilizes the existing biological resources of the coastal wetland, such as reed, spartina alterniflora and the like, to manufacture and process the coastal wetland into the biological grid material, and puts the biological grid material into the suaeda salsa restoration project, so that the seeds of the suaeda salsa can be effectively intercepted, the germination and the survival rate of the seeds are improved, and the coastal wetland restoration in a local range has a good restoration effect.
The artificial biological grid is added, so that the microenvironment of soil around the grid, such as water content, salinity, microbial structure and the like, can be improved, and the proper conditions for the germination of the suaeda salsa seeds in the saline land are created by improving the water-salt conditions of the local soil environment.
The plant grids are made of local plant materials such as reed and spartina alterniflora, are green and degradable, and can provide nutrients for the growth of suaeda salsa by the nutrients released in the decomposition process.
Testing of repair Effect
In a certain yellow river delta suaeda salsa degraded wetland, referring to the method for repairing the shallow grid microtopography in the example 3 and the method for repairing the deep grid microtopography in the example 6, spartina alterniflora is used as a raw material, the shallow grid and the deep grid are respectively applied to the local suaeda salsa repairing engineering, the artificial beach lowering is realized by excavating the artificial beach lowering by using excavating equipment in the yellow river delta suaeda salsa degraded wetland by using artificial beach lowering and artificial ditches as comparison, and a low-lying area is constructed to intercept seeds and water. The artificial ditch is formed by excavating the artificial ditch on the Suaeda salsa degraded wetland of the yellow river delta through excavating equipment, collecting surface runoff, enhancing communication between water systems and improving the hydrological communication strength of the wetland. After the restoration is carried out for one year, the restored degraded wetland is subjected to field ecological investigation, soil and plant samples are collected for indoor analysis, the change of the hydrological communication and biological communication strength of the wetland caused by different restoration measures is clarified, and the restoration effect of each measure is comprehensively evaluated.
(1) Hydrological connectivity index based on humidity
And constructing a wetland hydrologic communication index according to the soil humidity, and inspecting and testing the hydrologic communication strength conditions of all sampling points.
Test results show that hydrologic communication indexes of soil at the sites of the three remediation measures, namely the grid and micro-terrain combined remediation method and the artificial beach lowering, are higher than those of a control group, namely an adjacent region without the remediation measures, and the three remediation measures all have the effect of maintaining soil moisture and improving hydrologic communication. The beach restoration area has the highest hydrologic connectivity because the low-lying areas constructed by the beaches have more sufficient water collection amount, and the beach restoration area has the highest hydrologic connectivity when the beach sample plot close to the tidal ditch is compared with other beach sample plots.
(2) Effect of hydrologic connectivity on plant growth
As shown in the figure 4 from the coupling relation between the hydrologic connectivity index and the biomass, the hydrologic connectivity index of the investigation region is between 0.154 and 0.243, most of the hydrologic connectivity index is between 0.183 and 0.211, and the most distributed points in the range are the shallow grid micro-terrain repairing method and the deep grid micro-terrain repairing method, and the minimum is manual beach lowering. This reflects the maximum hydrographic change of the original degraded wetland from the beach. From the biomass, finding the median (y = a) of biomass arrangement, finding that most of sampling points with biomass smaller than the median a are control sample plots and descending beach restoration areas, most of sampling points with biomass larger than the median are restoration sample plots, most of the sampling points are deep grid microtopography restoration method sample plots, and the most of the sampling points are shallow grid microtopography restoration sample plots. From field investigation, it can be seen that the areas for beach descent restoration are mostly in a water accumulation state, the plants grow less, the high lands beside the areas grow better, and the suaeda salsa close to the two sides of the ditches grows well. The result shows that the artificial deserts and ditches strengthen the hydrological connectivity of the wetland, but the hydrological connectivity is too strong to be beneficial to the growth of the suaeda salsa. As the hydrological connectivity is greatly influenced by factors such as terrain, underground water level and the like, the hydrological connectivity of the three restoration techniques and the control groups thereof has no obvious difference, but the average value of the hydrological connectivity of the three restoration techniques is slightly higher than that of the control treatment groups. Therefore, three repair technologies of artificial beach descent, shallow grid micro-terrain repair and deep grid micro-terrain repair can improve the hydrological connectivity of the wetland to a certain extent. The soil hardness is greatly influenced by the hydrologic connectivity, the hardness of the soil of different restoration techniques and control groups has no obvious difference, but the result is opposite to the hydrologic connectivity result, and the average value of the hydrologic connectivity of the three restoration techniques is lower than that of the respective control treatment groups. In addition, the biomass and the coverage of the soil sample plot adopting the shallow-grid micro-terrain restoration and the deep-grid micro-terrain restoration technologies are obviously higher than those of a control group, so that the shallow-grid micro-terrain restoration and the deep-grid micro-terrain restoration have promotion effects on plant growth, and the wetland vegetation can be effectively restored. But the artificial beach does not promote the recovery of the wetland vegetation.
Correlation analysis was performed on hydrological, soil and plant growth condition parameters of the remediation demonstration area, as shown in fig. 5. The hydrologic connectivity index and the soil hardness are in an extremely obvious negative correlation relationship, and the soil hardness is reduced along with the increase of the hydrologic connectivity. The biomass, the coverage and the density of the vegetation in the restored area sample plot respectively have obvious positive correlation between every two. In addition, the hydrologic communication index has obvious positive correlation with the biomass, the coverage and the density of the plants, and the improvement of the hydrologic communication in a proper range can effectively promote the growth of the plants and is beneficial to the recovery of wetland vegetation.
In conclusion, it can be found that the hydrologic connectivity of the plot in which several repair measures are implemented is improved compared with the plot in which the repair measures are not implemented, and particularly, the connectivity of the artificial beach and the ditch is improved to the maximum extent. The improvement of the hydrologic connectivity also refers to the moisture of the wetland to promote the growth of the suaeda salsa, but the excessive hydrologic connectivity is not beneficial to the growth of the suaeda salsa. The grid and the artificial microtopography are modified to remold the wetland habitat and trap seeds and water, so that the living environment of the suaeda glauca bge is improved, and the combination of the grid and the microtopography for restoration is optimal in comprehensive view.

Claims (2)

1. A method for restoring suaeda salsa in coastal wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a grid on the coastal wetland, wherein the grid is woven by wetland grass herbaceous plants; the grating is formed by vertically and crossly arranging a plurality of transverse dividing devices and longitudinal dividing devices, a plurality of square grid units are formed inside the grating, and quincunx-shaped pit micro-terrains are arranged in the grid units;
the grating is one of a shallow lattice grating and a deep lattice grating;
the shallow grid is formed by splicing a plurality of cylindrical or strip-column-shaped grid strips, the grid strips form a transverse dividing device and a longitudinal dividing device of the shallow grid, the transverse dividing device and the longitudinal dividing device of the grid are vertically crossed to form a shallow grid unit, and the grid strips are prepared by collecting straws of wetland gramineous herbaceous plants, weaving the straws into bundles and knotting and fixing the bundles by using ropes;
the deep grid grating is formed by surrounding a plurality of woven straw mats, the woven straw mats form a transverse dividing device and a longitudinal dividing device of the deep grid grating, the transverse dividing device and the longitudinal dividing device are vertically crossed to form a deep grid unit, the woven straw mats are woven by wetland gramineous herbaceous plants, and gaps in the woven straw mats are 1-2 mm;
the grid units of the shallow grid are arranged close to the earth surface, and the length and the width of each grid unit are respectively as follows: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the diameter of the grid bars is 3-10cm, and the size of the grid units is set according to the positions of the grid bars distributed in the intertidal zone of the coastal wetland: the area and the grid bar diameter of the grid units arranged on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach are sequentially increased;
the length and width of the shallow grid unit and the diameter of the grid strip are respectively as follows: each grid unit of the high tidal flat is 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide and 8-10cm in diameter of the grid strip, each grid unit of the medium tidal flat is 50-60cm long, 50-60cm wide and 5-8cm in diameter of the grid strip, each grid unit of the low tidal flat is 25-35cm long, 25-35cm wide and 3-5cm in diameter of the grid strip;
the length, width, height and buried depth of grid units of the deep grid are respectively as follows: the length is 25cm-100cm, the width is 25cm-100cm, the height is 15-20cm, and the buried depth is 15cm-30 cm; setting the size of grid units according to the position of the grid cloth in the intertidal zone of the coastal wetland: the volume of the grid units arranged on the low tide beach, the middle tide beach and the high tide beach is increased in sequence; burying the grid into soil by adopting a furrow earthing mode in the grid unit of the deep grid;
the length, width, height and buried depth of the grid unit in the deep grid are respectively as follows: each grid unit of the high tidal flat is 80-100cm long, 80-100cm wide, 15-20cm high and 15-20cm buried depth, each grid unit of the medium tidal flat is 50-60cm long, 50-60cm wide, 15-20cm high and 20-25cm buried depth, each grid unit of the low tidal flat is 25-35cm long, 25-35cm wide, 15-20cm high and 25-30cm buried depth;
the quincunx is arranged in such a way that five positions of four corners and the center in the grid unit are manufactured into artificial micro-terrain pot holes by using soil extractors; the diameter and the depth of the pot holes are set according to the position of an intertidal zone, and the diameter and the depth of the pot holes along a low tidal flat, a middle tidal flat and a high tidal flat are gradually increased and deepened; wherein the diameter of the low tidal flat pot hole is 5cm, the depth of the low tidal flat pot hole is 5cm, the diameter of the low tidal flat pot hole is 10-15cm, and the depth of the low tidal flat pot hole is 8-10 cm; the diameter of the high tidal flat pot hole is 15-20cm, and the depth is 10-15 cm.
2. The method for repairing suaeda salsa on coastal wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wetland gramineous herbaceous plant is one or two of reed or spartina alterniflora.
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