CN110710412A - Method for preventing typhoon of mangrove forest constructed wetland - Google Patents
Method for preventing typhoon of mangrove forest constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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Abstract
The invention provides a mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-preventing method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a bay area near bank where tidal water is normally flooded as a planting field, carrying out cofferdam beach fixation on the outer edge of the planting field, laying a fixed layer at the bottom of the cofferdam, and filling mucky soil around the planting field into the cofferdam; (2) ridging in a cofferdam of a planting land, arranging a water channel tide trench vertical to a ridge belt, and fertilizing and disinfecting on the ridge belt; (3) planting mangrove seedlings on a ridge belt from the upper part of the average sea level to the high tide beach level, and arranging a wave-proof seedling supporting device on one side of the mangrove seedlings; the salinity of the seawater in the planting field is less than or equal to 25 per thousand. The method for preventing the typhoon of the mangrove forest constructed wetland solves the problems of mangrove forest lodging and low survival rate caused by bad mud flat conditions, windward typhoon scouring and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mangrove forest wetland construction, and particularly relates to a method for preventing typhoon of mangrove forest constructed wetland.
Background
Mangrove forest mainly grows between the average sea surface (or slightly above) of the low-energy coast of the tropical and subtropical zone and the average high tide (average high tide level of the high tide) of the return tide, and is periodically submerged and exposed by annual seawater, and is usually a woody plant community with longer exposure time than submerged.
Every summer and autumn, coastal areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan and the like in China are often attacked by tropical storms or typhoons, and the mangrove forest stands out on the beach to protect the bank, prevent sea wave impact and promote silt and land making, so that the method is the best way and the most economic means for resisting hurricanes and typhoons. Mangrove is one of the first important producers of the estuary ecosystem, is an ideal place for the reproduction and inhabitation of marine organisms, and is an important factor for regulating the ecological balance of estuary.
In strong wind and billow, mangrove forest can effectively prevent waves from washing the dike body, and the mangrove forest protective belt with the width of 100m added outside the dike can obviously prolong the service life of the concrete seawall for 50 years. The benefit of the mangrove forest wave-proof bank protection in China reaches 10 hundred million yuan RMB every year by the evaluation of the Wangwangqin, etc. Korean Umbean and the like show that mangrove forest belts 1000m long distributed on a coastline can provide about 8 ten thousand yuan of protection benefit in the aspect of resisting typhoon disasters every year. The coastal mangrove forest is flourishing in branches and leaves, developed in root system and staggered in packing, is firmly tied in beach sludge, increases the friction force of the beach surface, forms a barrier which is parallel to a coastline and is similar to the coastal sandy land protection forest, effectively blocks and weakens storm disasters, protects coasts, dams, farmlands and towns, prevents coastal ecology damage, and only has 1/4-1/3 of no mangrove forest bare beach overflowing and drainage flow rate in the normal rising and ebbing tide process.
However, the area of the mangrove forest in China is sharply reduced from the end of 90 years in the 20 th century, a large area of mangrove forest is degraded into a secondary forest, and the implementation of large-scale intertidal zone beach artificial forest construction and secondary forest transformation is an important way for rapidly recovering mangrove forest resources in China. Due to the growth characteristics of mangrove plants, the mangrove growth speed is slow, seedlings are easy to fall down and washed away when encountering typhoon, and the survival rate and the planting speed of the mangrove are low.
At present, the invention related to the technology for planting mangrove forest on the intertidal zone beach of the coastal area is less, and the technical application also has some problems: the mangrove seedlings are fixed by bamboo poles or wooden poles, the service life is short and the fixing effect is common; the mangrove afforestation site selection is not right; the variety of the planted mangrove is single, which is not beneficial to exerting the ecological benefit of mangrove and improving the survival rate; in order to improve the survival rate of the mangrove artificial wetland plants, the invention provides a simple and feasible typhoon-preventing method, which improves the wind-preventing capacity of the artificial wetland, ensures the survival of the mangrove plants, has low cost and can obtain more satisfactory planting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-preventing method which can improve the wind-proof capability of the constructed forest, can obtain a satisfactory planting effect, and is low in cost, simple, convenient and feasible.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-preventing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bay area near bank where tidal water is normally flooded as a planting field, carrying out cofferdam beach fixation on the outer edge of the planting field, laying a fixed layer at the bottom of the cofferdam, and filling mucky soil around the planting field into the cofferdam;
(2) ridging in a cofferdam of a planting land, arranging a water channel tide trench vertical to a ridge belt, and fertilizing and disinfecting on the ridge belt;
(3) planting mangrove seedlings on a ridge belt from the upper part of the average sea level to the high tide beach level, and arranging a wave-proof seedling supporting device on one side of the mangrove seedlings;
the salinity of the seawater in the planting field is less than or equal to 25 per thousand.
Further, the material of the cofferdam in the step (1) is at least one of bagged silt or gravel with the grain size larger than 50 mm; the fixed layer in the step (1) adopts at least one of a Simmondsia chinensis, a wooden raft or a small-sized air cushion raft; the width of the cofferdam in the step (1) is 5 m; reserving 10-20cm of sedimentation amount in the cofferdam in the step (1); the thickness of the mucky soil in the step (1) is more than or equal to 60 cm; the mud of the planting field or the sand mud tidal flat in the step (1). The fixed layer is used for enlarging sludge stress.
The height of the cofferdam in the step (1) is more than or equal to the height of the Yilin beach.
Further, exposed mud beaches are reserved inside the cofferdam in the step (2), and the mud beaches and the water channel tidal ditches are distributed in a staggered mode; the width of the water channel tidal channel in the step (2) is 10-20 m; the width of the ridge belt in the step (2) is 5-15m, the length of the ridge belt is 80-120m, and the interval of the ridge belt is 10-20 m; in the fertilizing step (2), at least one of organic fertilizer or shrimp shell extract is adopted; in the step (2), a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 5-8% is adopted in the disinfection step.
The ridging step adopts a strip filling and digging mode.
Further, the planting step in the step (3) adopts a mode of combining block mixing and strip mixing; the time of the planting step in the step (3) is 5-7 months per year; the row spacing of the red tree seedlings in the step (3) is 0.5-2m, and the plant spacing is 0.5-2 m; and (4) planting at least one of mangrove sonneratia apetala or largewood seedling forest belts with the width of 5-15m on the outermost edge of the mangrove seedlings close to the mudflat in the step (3), wherein the planting specification is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
And digging planting holes at fixed points according to the row spacing of the plants, wherein the specification of the planting holes is 30cm by 30cm, and when the container seedlings of the mangrove are used for planting, the seedlings are planted along with the planting, so that the damage to roots is reduced. Before the mangrove nursery stock is planted, repeated branches, insect-disease branches, dense branches and crossed branches are cut off, and roots with insect diseases, overlong roots and cracked roots are cut off, so that nutrient loss is reduced, and a reasonable root cap proportion is ensured to reach a balanced transpiration amount. Proper deep planting is suitable for low tidal beaches with deep silt and big seedlings which are easy to fall down due to seawater scouring, and the covering height of the silt cannot exceed 3cm of the original rhizosphere of the mangrove; compacting, relaxing and filling in the high tide beach with harder soil, based on the condition that the soil just covers the original root of the mangrove. And (3) watering the planted mangrove seedlings continuously for 3 times immediately to ensure that water can be used for watering the soil thoroughly.
Further, the mangrove seedlings in the step (3) are planted with 3 layers of mangrove plants of different varieties in sequence from the average sea level, the middle and high tide level to the high tide level, which are respectively as follows: the mangrove seedling of the average sea surface line is pioneer mangrove, specifically at least one of mulberry, largehead atractylodes rhizome, kandelia candel or Aegiceras corniculata, the mangrove seedling of the medium-high tide level is at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, red sea olive or Acanthus ilicifolius, and the mangrove seedling of the high tide level is semi-mangrove, specifically at least one of phellodendron amurense, silver leaf tree or halogenated fern; and planting a saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant higher than the semi-mangrove, wherein the saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant is at least one of ficus microcarpa, hibiscus syriacus, Terminalia mukul, Eucheuma Gelatinosum, Livistona chinensis or pseudoareca catechu.
Further, the specification of the red saplings in the step (3) is 15cm x 15cm, the height of the red saplings is more than or equal to 1m, and the seedling age is more than or equal to 1 year; after the semi-mangrove is started, 20-40% of branches and leaves are reserved through pruning.
The planting field needs to remove fishing nets, floating sundries, weeds and hard remains of marine animals before coffering and beach fixing.
And (4) after the planting step in the step (3) is finished, surrounding the mangrove seedlings by using a fence, maintaining and managing the forest land for at least 2 continuous years, having the phenomena of seedling death and lodging, timely replanting and righting, and simultaneously clearing up the garbage in the forestation area.
A mangrove constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device is positioned on one side of a mangrove seedling and comprises a supporting component, a base component and a power generation unit, wherein the base component is fixed in soil, the bottom of the supporting component is fixed on the base component, the power generation unit is fixed on the supporting component, and the supporting component is of a hollow structure;
the base assembly comprises a connecting piece and 2 supporting pieces with the same structure, and the supporting pieces are connected with the supporting assembly through the connecting piece;
the supporting piece comprises a connecting rod and 2 plug-in rods, the plug-in rods are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod and are respectively vertical to the connecting rod, the plug connectors are fixed in soil, and connecting holes are formed in the middle of the connecting rod;
the connecting rods of the supporting pieces are mutually crossed, and the connecting pieces penetrate through the connecting holes to be connected with the supporting assembly.
Furthermore, a contraction rope box is arranged on the supporting component; the bottom of each insertion rod is provided with a plug-in unit which is of an inverted conical structure; the supporting component comprises a plurality of supporting rods with the same structure, the supporting rods are connected end to end, and threads are arranged at two ends of the inner side of each supporting rod.
Furthermore, the power generation unit be the wind power generation subassembly, the wind power generation subassembly include wind wheel, pivot, fin, generator, the generator be fixed in support assembly on to link to each other through the pivot with the wind wheel, the fin be fixed in the pivot on, the fin with the wind wheel be located respectively the both ends of pivot.
Further, the power generation unit be solar energy power generation component, solar energy power generation component include electronic box, solar panel, energy storage battery, controller, air velocity transducer, a plurality of flexible arm, the electronic box be fixed in supporting component on, energy storage battery, controller all be located the electronic box in, solar panel, air velocity transducer all be located the electronic box on, flexible arm even be fixed in the electronic box on, the controller pass through the circuit respectively with energy storage battery, air velocity transducer, flexible arm link to each other, energy storage battery pass through the circuit with solar panel link to each other.
Compared with the prior art, the mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-resistant method has the following advantages:
(1) the mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method solves the problems of mangrove forest lodging and low survival rate caused by bad mud flat conditions, head-on typhoon scouring and the like, can improve the wind-proof capability of the mangrove forest, can obtain more satisfactory planting effect, has low cost, is simple, convenient and feasible.
(2) All parts of the mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device are relatively independent in use, and are convenient to splice, install, disassemble and transport; the base assembly is fixed in soil, the height-adjustable supporting assembly is used for wave prevention, the contraction rope box is used for fixing seedlings, the functions of wave elimination and auxiliary seedling fixing are achieved together, the seedlings are prevented from being washed or lodging by sea waves, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved; the wind power generation assembly and the solar power generation assembly store and recycle energy, and the energy is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-raising device in embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-raising device in embodiment 2 of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a support assembly; 2-a base assembly; 3-a wind power generation assembly; 4-contracting the rope box; 5-a solar power generation assembly; 21-a support; 22-an insert; 23-a connection hole; 24-a connector; 31-a wind wheel; 32-a rotating shaft; 33-tail wing; 34-a generator; 51-an electric box; 52-solar panel; 53-energy storage battery; 54-a controller; 55-a wind speed sensor; 56-telescopic arm; 211-connecting rod; 212-docking rod.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
A mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-preventing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bay area near the bank where tidal water is normally flooded as a planting field, carrying out cofferdam beach fixation on the outer edge of the planting field, laying a fixed layer at the bottom of the cofferdam, filling mucky soil around the planting field into the cofferdam, and stabilizing the mudflat in the cofferdam to prevent water and soil loss during typhoon;
(2) ridging in a cofferdam of a planting land, arranging a water channel tide trench vertical to a ridge belt, and fertilizing and disinfecting on the ridge belt;
(3) planting mangrove seedlings on a ridge belt from the upper part of the average sea level to the high tide beach level, and arranging a wave-proof seedling supporting device at one side of the mangrove seedlings to prevent the seedlings from lodging and dying;
the salinity of the seawater in the planting field is less than or equal to 25 per thousand.
The cofferdam in the step (1) is made of at least one of bagged silt or gravel with the grain size larger than 50 mm; the fixed layer in the step (1) adopts at least one of a Simmondsia chinensis, a wooden raft or a small-sized air cushion raft; the width of the cofferdam in the step (1) is 5 m; reserving 10-20cm of sedimentation amount in the cofferdam in the step (1); the thickness of the mucky soil in the step (1) is more than or equal to 60 cm; the mud of the planting field or the sand mud tidal flat in the step (1).
Exposed mud beaches are reserved inside the cofferdam in the step (2), and the mud beaches and the water channel tidal ditches are distributed in a staggered mode; the width of the water channel tidal channel in the step (2) is 10-20 m; the width of the ridge belt in the step (2) is 5-15m, the length of the ridge belt is 80-120m, and the interval of the ridge belt is 10-20 m; in the fertilizing step (2), at least one of organic fertilizer or shrimp shell extract is adopted; in the step (2), a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 5-8% is adopted in the disinfection step.
The planting step in the step (3) adopts a mode of combining block mixing and strip mixing; the time of the planting step in the step (3) is 5-7 months per year; the row spacing of the red tree seedlings in the step (3) is 0.5-2m, and the plant spacing is 0.5-2 m; and (4) planting at least one of mangrove sonneratia apetala or largewood seedling forest belts with the width of 5-15m on the outermost edge of the mangrove seedlings close to the mudflat in the step (3), wherein the planting specification is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
The mangrove seedlings in the step (3) are planted with 3 layers of mangrove plants of different varieties in sequence from the average sea level, the middle and high tide level to the high tide level, and the steps are as follows: the mangrove seedling of the average sea surface line is pioneer mangrove, specifically at least one of mulberry, largehead atractylodes rhizome, kandelia candel or Aegiceras corniculata, the mangrove seedling of the medium-high tide level is at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, red sea olive or Acanthus ilicifolius, and the mangrove seedling of the high tide level is semi-mangrove, specifically at least one of phellodendron amurense, silver leaf tree or halogenated fern; and planting a saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant higher than the semi-mangrove, wherein the saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant is at least one of ficus microcarpa, hibiscus syriacus, Terminalia mukul, Eucheuma Gelatinosum, Livistona chinensis or pseudoareca catechu.
The specification of the red saplings in the step (3) is 15cm x 15cm, the height of the red saplings is more than or equal to 1m, and the seedling age is more than or equal to 1 year; after the semi-mangrove is started, 20-40% of branches and leaves are reserved through pruning.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a mangrove artificial wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device is positioned at one side of a mangrove seedling, and comprises a supporting component, a base component and a power generation unit, wherein the base component is fixed in soil, the bottom of the supporting component is fixed on the base component, the power generation unit is fixed on the supporting component, and the supporting component is of a hollow structure;
the base assembly comprises a connecting piece and 2 supporting pieces with the same structure, and the supporting pieces are connected with the supporting assembly through the connecting piece;
the supporting piece comprises a connecting rod and 2 plug-in rods, the plug-in rods are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod and are respectively vertical to the connecting rod, the plug connectors are fixed in soil, and connecting holes are formed in the middle of the connecting rod;
the connecting rods of the supporting pieces are mutually crossed, and the connecting pieces penetrate through the connecting holes to be connected with the supporting assembly.
The support component is provided with a contraction rope box; the bottom of each insertion rod is provided with a plug-in unit which is of an inverted conical structure; the supporting component comprises a plurality of supporting rods with the same structure, the supporting rods are connected end to end, and threads are arranged at two ends of the inner side of each supporting rod.
The power generation unit is a wind power generation assembly, the wind power generation assembly comprises a wind wheel, a rotating shaft, a tail wing and a generator, the generator is fixed on the supporting assembly and is connected with the wind wheel through the rotating shaft, the tail wing is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the tail wing and the wind wheel are respectively positioned at two ends of the rotating shaft.
The power generation unit be solar energy power generation component, solar energy power generation component include electronic box, solar panel, energy storage battery, controller, air velocity transducer, a plurality of flexible arm, the electronic box be fixed in supporting component on, energy storage battery, controller all be located the electronic box in, solar panel, air velocity transducer all be located the electronic box on, flexible arm even be fixed in the electronic box on, the controller pass through the circuit respectively with energy storage battery, air velocity transducer, flexible arm link to each other, energy storage battery pass through the circuit with solar panel link to each other
Example 1
The project is positioned at the entrance of the river basin of Dongguan Maotai, the length of a coastline is about 1km, the wind waves are small, the tidal water can be normally submerged, the salinity of seawater is 3 per thousand-15 per thousand, and the soil texture is mucky soil.
First, the fishing net, floating debris, weeds, hard remains of marine animals, and the like in the field are cleaned. And then, cofferdam beach fixation is carried out by bagged gravel with the grain diameter larger than 50mm in the direction parallel to the coastline at the position of 50m of the outer edge of the beach, the width of the cofferdam is 5m, and the height of the piled sand cofferdam is 70cm higher than the average sea level.
The selected mangrove seedlings are required to have developed root systems, strong growth, complete terminal buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage, and container seedlings with the specification of more than 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the seedling height of more than 1m and the seedling age of more than 1 year are selected. The mangrove area is selectively planted with bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia candel, Aeacanthus ilicifolius, and the semi-mangrove area is selectively planted with phellodendron amurense and silver leaf trees.
And a layer of Jingba is laid at the bottom of the mudflat in the cofferdam to expand the sludge stress. The ecological pattern that suitable naked beach mud beach and water course tidal current ditch crisscross distribution is remain to afforestation site surface in the cofferdam, takes the banding mode of filling out and digging to ridge, and width 5m, every ridge area interval 10m, every ridge area is every 100m long, sets up the water course tidal current ditch in perpendicular to ridge area, and the water course width is 10 m.
And in 5-7 months of the year, planting the mangrove in the cofferdam in a block mixed mode. From the outer side to the inner side of the cofferdam, Kandelia candel, Canarium gymnadenia, Acanthus ilicifolius, pongamia pinnata and silver leaf trees are planted in sequence, the planting density is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and a wave-preventing seedling-supporting device is arranged on one side of seedlings so as to resist the invasion of wind waves and quickly close the seedlings into forests. After planting, surround the forest zone with the purse seine, seal the maintenance management 2 years to the woodland, during to the sea water scouring easy lodging's plantlet, adopt and prevent that typhoon assists reinforcing apparatus fixed, have the nursery stock death phenomenon in time replant plant and clear up afforestation area rubbish simultaneously. Mangrove grows well in the field, the survival rate of the tree species in the forest belt reaches more than 80%, a relatively complete forest belt is formed, the number of tree belt fractures is less than two, the height of the forest stand of the mangrove is more than 2m, the typhoon-preventing effect is remarkable, and the lodging rate of the tree species is less than 5%.
Example 2
The project is located at the intersection of the river bay area of the Shenzhen anterior Shanghai Guigui bay park, the storm is small, the tidal water can be normally submerged, the salinity of the seawater is 3-8 per mill, the soil texture is sandy muddy silt soil, and the beach of the planting field is located above the near-shore sea level line.
Cleaning fishing nets, floating sundries, weeds, hard remains of marine animals and the like in the field. And a layer of Jingba is laid at the bottom of the mud flat to enlarge the sludge stress. The planting field surface keeps the ecological pattern that suitable naked beach mud beach and water course tidal current ditch crisscross distribution, adopts the mode of strip form fill digging to form a ridge, and width 5m, every ridge area interval 5m, every ridge area every 10m long, sets up the water course tidal current ditch perpendicular to ridge area, and the water course width is 5 m.
Selecting bagged mangrove seedlings with thick and strong root diameter, developed root system, strong growth, seedling height of 50-80cm and seedling age of more than 1 year. In 5-7 months and 9-10 months of the year, the Kandelia candel, the Elaeagnus gymnorrhiza, the radix tinosporae, the radix seu folium acanthi Trifolii, the Acanthus ilicifolius, the silver leaf tree and the halogenated fern are planted in sequence from the outer side to the inner side of the field in a way of combining block-shaped mixing and strip-shaped mixing, the planting density is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, the seedlings are quickly closed into a forest, and one side of each seedling is provided with a wave-proof seedling-raising device. After planting, the forest area is surrounded by a purse net, and the forest land is subjected to closed maintenance management for 3 years.
The mangrove grows well in the field, the survival rate of the tree species in the forest belt is more than 80%, the typhoon-preventing effect is remarkable, the lodging rate of the tree species is less than 5%, a relatively complete forest belt is formed, the forest belt has no fracture, and the height of the forest stand of the mangrove forest is more than 2 m.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A mangrove forest constructed wetland typhoon-preventing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bay area near bank where tidal water is normally flooded as a planting field, carrying out cofferdam beach fixation on the outer edge of the planting field, laying a fixed layer at the bottom of the cofferdam, and filling mucky soil around the planting field into the cofferdam;
(2) ridging in a cofferdam of a planting land, arranging a water channel tide trench vertical to a ridge belt, and fertilizing and disinfecting on the ridge belt;
(3) planting mangrove seedlings on a ridge belt from the upper part of the average sea level to the high tide beach level, and arranging a wave-proof seedling supporting device on one side of the mangrove seedlings;
the salinity of the seawater in the planting field is less than or equal to 25 per thousand.
2. The mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cofferdam in the step (1) is made of at least one of bagged silt or gravel with the grain size larger than 50 mm; the fixed layer in the step (1) adopts at least one of a Simmondsia chinensis, a wooden raft or a small-sized air cushion raft; the width of the cofferdam in the step (1) is 5 m; reserving 10-20cm of sedimentation amount in the cofferdam in the step (1); the thickness of the mucky soil in the step (1) is more than or equal to 60 cm; the mud of the planting field or the sand mud tidal flat in the step (1).
3. The mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: exposed mud beaches are reserved inside the cofferdam in the step (2), and the mud beaches and the water channel tidal ditches are distributed in a staggered mode; the width of the water channel tidal channel in the step (2) is 10-20 m; the width of the ridge belt in the step (2) is 5-15m, the length of the ridge belt is 80-120m, and the interval of the ridge belt is 10-20 m; in the fertilizing step (2), at least one of organic fertilizer or shrimp shell extract is adopted; in the step (2), a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 5-8% is adopted in the disinfection step.
4. The mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting step in the step (3) adopts a mode of combining block mixing and strip mixing; the time of the planting step in the step (3) is 5-7 months per year; the row spacing of the red tree seedlings in the step (3) is 0.5-2m, and the plant spacing is 0.5-2 m; and (4) planting at least one of mangrove sonneratia apetala or largewood seedling forest belts with the width of 5-15m on the outermost edge of the mangrove seedlings close to the mudflat in the step (3), wherein the planting specification is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
5. The mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mangrove seedlings in the step (3) are planted with 3 layers of mangrove plants of different varieties in sequence from the average sea level, the middle and high tide level to the high tide level, and the steps are as follows: the mangrove seedling of the average sea surface line is pioneer mangrove, specifically at least one of mulberry, largehead atractylodes rhizome, kandelia candel or Aegiceras corniculata, the mangrove seedling of the medium-high tide level is at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, red sea olive or Acanthus ilicifolius, and the mangrove seedling of the high tide level is semi-mangrove, specifically at least one of phellodendron amurense, silver leaf tree or halogenated fern; and planting a saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant higher than the semi-mangrove, wherein the saline-alkali-resistant landscape plant is at least one of ficus microcarpa, hibiscus syriacus, Terminalia mukul, Eucheuma Gelatinosum, Livistona chinensis or pseudoareca catechu.
6. The mangrove forest artificial wetland typhoon-preventing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the red saplings in the step (3) is 15cm x 15cm, the height of the red saplings is more than or equal to 1m, and the seedling age is more than or equal to 1 year; after the semi-mangrove is started, 20-40% of branches and leaves are reserved through pruning.
7. The utility model provides a mangrove constructed wetland prevents unrestrained seedling device of putting up support which characterized in that: the wave-proof seedling supporting device is positioned on one side of the red sapling and comprises a supporting component, a base component and a power generation unit, wherein the base component is fixed in soil, the bottom of the supporting component is fixed on the base component, the power generation unit is fixed on the supporting component, and the supporting component is of a hollow structure;
the base assembly comprises a connecting piece and 2 supporting pieces with the same structure, and the supporting pieces are connected with the supporting assembly through the connecting piece;
the supporting piece comprises a connecting rod and 2 plug-in rods, the plug-in rods are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod and are respectively vertical to the connecting rod, the plug connectors are fixed in soil, and connecting holes are formed in the middle of the connecting rod;
the connecting rods of the supporting pieces are mutually crossed, and the connecting pieces penetrate through the connecting holes to be connected with the supporting assembly.
8. The mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the support component is provided with a contraction rope box; the bottom of each insertion rod is provided with a plug-in unit which is of an inverted conical structure; the supporting component comprises a plurality of supporting rods with the same structure, the supporting rods are connected end to end, and threads are arranged at two ends of the inner side of each supporting rod.
9. The mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the power generation unit is a wind power generation assembly, the wind power generation assembly comprises a wind wheel, a rotating shaft, a tail wing and a generator, the generator is fixed on the supporting assembly and is connected with the wind wheel through the rotating shaft, the tail wing is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the tail wing and the wind wheel are respectively positioned at two ends of the rotating shaft.
10. The mangrove forest constructed wetland wave-proof seedling-supporting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the power generation unit be solar energy power generation component, solar energy power generation component include electronic box, solar panel, energy storage battery, controller, air velocity transducer, a plurality of flexible arm, the electronic box be fixed in supporting component on, energy storage battery, controller all be located the electronic box in, solar panel, air velocity transducer all be located the electronic box on, flexible arm even be fixed in the electronic box on, the controller pass through the circuit respectively with energy storage battery, air velocity transducer, flexible arm link to each other, energy storage battery pass through the circuit with solar panel link to each other.
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| CN114885731A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land |
| CN115035421A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-09 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Mangrove forest ecological beach-fixing sand-binding method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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