CN104186273B - The method of forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest - Google Patents
The method of forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186273B CN104186273B CN201410284239.6A CN201410284239A CN104186273B CN 104186273 B CN104186273 B CN 104186273B CN 201410284239 A CN201410284239 A CN 201410284239A CN 104186273 B CN104186273 B CN 104186273B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to afforestation technical field, the method for forestation of a kind of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, comprises (1) wholely specifically; (2) plantation and (3) forest land maintenance and management step; Owing to there is no the natural distributed of mangrove forest at deep water seabeach, take conventional method also successfully cannot plant mangrove forest; Adopt this patent method can build mangrove forest at high salinity deep water seabeach, expand the South China coastal Mangrove Wetlands distribution of resource area, give full play to the ecological functions of mangrove seashore; Mangrove restoration region water channel is also deposited, and creates diversified environment, can provide diversified living space for wildlife; Meanwhile, in the Mangroves region at deep water seabeach, utilize the water channel in mangrove forest, the natural, ecological cultivating system that mangrove forest and fishery coexist can be built, effectively promote the sustainable and healthy development of coastal community culture fishery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to afforestation technical field, specifically a kind of method of carrying out Mangroves at high salinity deep water seabeach.
Background technology
Mangrove forest is the woody plant community, xylium of growth in the torrid zone, seashore intertidal zone, subtropics; be the important component part of coastal protecting forest-system, have the title of " marine forest ", can windproofly disappear wave; protection sea wall, reduces and prevents the generation of the natural calamities such as coastal area typhoon storm tide.The construction of mangrove forest, can save again a large amount of for building and safeguard the spending of seashore dykes and dams, be a kind of cost-effective ecological protection measure.
Mangrove forest is subject to seawater and periodically floods, and it is long that usual open-assembly time comparatively soaks the time of flooding.And the region, intertidal zone of not all can grow mangrove forest, when beach face, by Sea-water inundation overlong time, mangrove forest cannot grow too in short-term open-assembly time.Mangrove forest is most suitable for growth in river mouth or Gulf Region, and have supplementing of river fresh water, the salinity of seawater is lower (salinity is generally lower than 15 ‰), and on the seabeach that seawater salinity is higher, most of mangrove cannot normal growth.The bottleneck that mangrove forest has 2 technology is built at high salinity deep water seabeach, first be Sea-water inundation excessively dark (lower than more than mean sea level 0.7m), next is that seawater salinity is too high (substantially supplementary without fresh water, salinity is higher than 30 ‰), mangrove forest cannot self-sow in such a case, the survival rate of artificial planting is also extremely low, and cannot preserve for a long time.
China has progressively carried out Mangrove resource for over ten years and has resumed work in Coastal Areas of South China, common ground suitable for afforestation beach has realized substantially or has carried out recovery and the development effort of mangrove forest.Due to all artificial or objective reasons, the existing Tideland resources not yet realizing afforesting becomes the Difficult site of high salinity deep water substantially.And China Mangrove resource will be realized recover and the long-term goal of development, must also can only these high salinity deep water exceedingly difficult on the spot on carry out.
For many years, the South China coastal each department have been carried out much afforestation and have been attempted on high salinity deep water seabeach, but owing to taking traditional method of forestation under common ground suitable for afforestation condition and technology, result does not all reach the object of expection.Build mangrove forest at high salinity deep water seabeach, there is no effective technology measure at present.This patent method contribute to solve on the South China coastal high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest Planting Techniques problem, for China's Mangrove resource recovery and development has important practical significance and using value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned technology Problems existing, provide the method for forestation of a kind of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, the method successfully can realize afforestation on high salinity seabeach, builds the Mangrove Wetlands ecosystem.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the method for forestation of a kind of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, comprises the steps:
(1) wholely: on high salinity deep water seabeach, play the rectangle ridge band that width is 10 ~ 15m along being parallel to direction, coastline, the height of ridge band is higher than 0 ~ 0.2m of sea level altitude, and a ridge band of most outer of bordering on the sea is higher than other ridges band 0.1 ~ 0.3m; Distance between adjacent two ridge bands is 10 ~ 15m, and every bar ridge band is every the long water channel arranged perpendicular to ridge band of 90 ~ 110m, and water channel is wide is 10 ~ 20m;
(2) plant: after ridging completes, in 6 annual ~ August, select the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds to mix, plant with nutritious bag seed and/or the mode of plumular axis seedling transplanting, by line-spacing be 0.5 ~ 2m, spacing in the rows is that 0.5 ~ 2m plants;
(3) forest land maintenance and management: utilize purse seine to be surrounded afforested area after having afforested, carries out nursery stock after-culture and support lodging nursery stock to forest land, clears up afforested area rubbish simultaneously at least continuous 2 years.
Further, in step (2), the described quick growing species of trees is pagatpat and draws Guan Mu, and plant on the half ridge band bordered on the sea, planting patterns is that the mode of nutritious bag seedling is planted; Described slow raw seeds be Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata and Avicennia marina, plant on second half ridge band of offshore, planting patterns is that nutritious bag seed is planted and/or the transplanting of plumular axis seedling.
Further, the planting patterns of described slow raw seeds Avicennia marina is that nutritious bag seed is planted.
Further, described quick growing species of trees planting density is for be reduced successively by Dai Waian region, ridge to inner bank ecological region planting density; Described slow raw seeds planting density is 0.5 × 0.5m.
Further, the planting depth of described plumular axis seedling is no more than 2/3 of seedling length.
In the present invention, combine with the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds, outer 1/2nd ridge band Planting Fast-growing seeds, the slow raw seeds of interior 1/2nd ridge band plantation, both improved protection benefit, and can enrich again the species diversity of Mangrove Communities; The structural allocation of standing forest is to be parallel to the mode of coastline Mixed in belt; Different types of mangrove growth rate differs greatly, the mangrove height of tree year increment of fast-growing can reach 2m, grow into forest very fast, the mangrove height of tree year increment of slow life is only 0.2 ~ 0.5m, to need 3 ~ 5 years or the longer time just can grow into forest, utilize the quick growing species of trees to form main body standing forest as early as possible, utilize slow raw tree seed optimization simultaneously and improve stand structure.
Side's ratio juris of the present invention: Mudflat altitude affects significantly the amount of growth of mangrove and storage rate.Time near medium Mudflat altitude and mean sea level, the amount of growth of mangrove and storage rate reach maximum substantially, and along with increase or the reduction of Mudflat altitude, amount of growth and storage rate are downward trend.On mud soil, height growth when mangrove forest tree kind is 0 when Mudflat altitude is-0.4m relative to Mudflat altitude and the ratio of storage rate, Rhizophora stylosa is 88.6% and 47.7%, autumn, eggplant was 87.1% and 58.1%, draw Guan Mu to be 92.1% and 50.4%, pagatpat is 87.4% and 49.0%.When Mudflat altitude is lower, mangrove forest cannot survive.
Soil condition (sandy and shale) has otherness to the impact of different types of mangrove.Quick growing species of trees pagatpat, slow raw seeds Rhizophora stylosa and the autumn eggplant sandy more close with the growth perfonnance of shale ground; And the quick growing species of trees draws the amount of growth of Guan Mu in sandy ground and storage rate to be significantly higher than shale growing state on the ground, it is about 6.0cm in 2 years dried rhizome of rehmannia footpaths, common sandy ground, the height of tree is about 2.0m, and common shale on the ground leading thread be 2.2cm, the height of tree is 0.98m.
Under sand ground condition, the sapling up-growth of planting with plumular axis seedling and seedling form shows extremely significant otherness with surviving, will far above the situation of planting with seedling form with the sapling up-growth amount of plumular axis seedling form plantation and storage rate.Wherein, reach with 2.1 and 2.2 times of the plantation of seedling form respectively with the leading thread of Rhizophora stylosa 2 years raw treelets of plumular axis seedling form plantation and height increment under common sand ground condition, storage rate reaches with 3.7 times of the plantation of seedling form.And under shale ground condition, not remarkable with the otherness survived with the sapling up-growth of plumular axis seedling and the plantation of seedling form.
Compare test with 1/3,1/2 of the Rhizophora stylosa plumular axis length transplanting degree of depth different from 2/3 3 kind, in plantation after 1 year, the plumular axis transplanting degree of depth treelet is survived and the impact that grows less.Due at the plumular axis transplanting initial stage, when nursery stock not yet takes root, if there is larger stormy waves in planting site, plumular axis is easily rolled by seawater and runs off, therefore, when planting plumular axis seedling, plumular axis should be rooted in mud bank as far as possible, and the degree of depth of plantation is advisable be no more than plumular axis length 2/3.
The pilot region distributed there being marine alga, in initial planting, marine alga can produce certain impact to the growth of mangrove, especially in region windward to the growth of young growth with to survive harm heavier, meanwhile, compared with the impact on the quick growing species of trees, the harm of marine alga to slow raw seeds is more serious.Marine alga can cover mangrove forest seedling distributed areas, directly affects and endangers surviving and growing of seedling.Mostly be caused by the drift of strange land region marine alga windward, marine alga amount is large and have mobility, and harm is more serious, and wind sheltering district marine alga is generally that original place growth formed, and mobility is little, endangers less.80% of Rhizophora stylosa its leading thread and the equal not enough lee face amount of growth of the height of tree amount of growth of 2 years in windward side, is only 40.6% of lee face at the storage rate of windward side.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: owing to not having the natural distributed of mangrove forest at deep water seabeach, takes conventional method also successfully cannot plant mangrove forest; Adopt this patent method can build mangrove forest at high salinity deep water seabeach, expand the South China coastal Mangrove Wetlands distribution of resource area, give full play to the ecological functions of mangrove seashore, Mangrove restoration region water channel is also deposited, create diversified environment, diversified living space can be provided for wildlife; Meanwhile, in the Mangroves region at deep water seabeach, utilize the water channel in mangrove forest, the natural, ecological cultivating system that mangrove forest and fishery coexist can be built, effectively promote the sustainable and healthy development of coastal community culture fishery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ridge band schematic diagram after the coastwise ridging of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A method of forestation for high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, comprises the steps:
(1) wholely: on high salinity deep water seabeach, play the rectangle ridge band that width is 10m along being parallel to direction, coastline, it is equal that the height of ridge band equals sea level altitude, and the distance between adjacent two ridge bands is 10m; The ridge band of the outer most edge that borders on the sea is higher than other ridges band 0.1m; Every bar ridge band is every the long water channel arranged perpendicular to ridge band of 90m, and water channel is wide is 10m (as shown in Figure 1);
(2) plant: after ridging completes, in annual June, select the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds mixing, in the mode that the direct transplanting of plumular axis seedling or nutritious bag seed are planted, the planting depth of plumular axis seedling is no more than 2/3 of seedling length, by line-spacing be 0.5 ~ 2m, spacing in the rows is that 0.5 ~ 2m plants, the quick growing species of trees is pagatpat and draws Guan Mu, slow raw seeds be Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata and Avicennia marina.
Dai Waian region, ridge reduces successively to inner bank ecological region planting density; (to sea region) Planting Fast-growing seeds on outer 1/2nd of ridge band; by direction, extra large onshore; plantation specification is transitioned into 2.0 × 2.0m by 1.0 × 1.0m; be converted into 333-83 plant/acre (comprising water channel region), the seeds dense planting on the ridge band of the outer most edge that borders on the sea, plantation specification is 0.5 × 0.5m; to resist the invasion and attack of outer rim stormy waves, protection forest belt, inner edge.On Sands, drawing Guan Muwei master to plant, on shale beach, closing wooden two seeds based on pagatpat with drawing.
In the band of ridge on 1/2nd (region, onshore), based on plant slow raw seeds Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata, Avicennia marina, planting specification is 0.5 × 0.5m, is converted into 1333 plants/acre (comprising water channel region)
(3) forest land maintenance and management: utilize purse seine will be surrounded afforested area after having afforested, carries out nursery stock after-culture and support lodging nursery stock to forest land, clears up afforested area rubbish simultaneously at least continuous 2 years.
Embodiment 2
A method of forestation for high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, comprises the steps:
(1) wholely: on high salinity deep water seabeach, play the rectangle ridge band that width is 15m along being parallel to direction, coastline, the height of ridge band is higher than the 0.1m of sea level altitude, and the distance between adjacent two ridge bands is 12m; The ridge band of the outer most edge that borders on the sea is higher than other ridges band 0.2m; Every bar ridge band is every the long water channel arranged perpendicular to ridge band of 100m, and water channel is wide is 15m (as shown in Figure 1);
(2) plant: after ridging completes, in annual July, select the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds mixing, in the mode that the direct transplanting of plumular axis seedling or nutritious bag seed are planted, the planting depth of plumular axis seedling is no more than 2/3 of seedling length, by line-spacing be 0.5 ~ 2m, spacing in the rows is that 0.5 ~ 2m plants, the quick growing species of trees is pagatpat and draws Guan Mu, slow raw seeds be Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata and Avicennia marina.
Dai Waian region, ridge reduces successively to inner bank ecological region planting density; (to sea region) Planting Fast-growing seeds on outer 1/2nd of ridge band; by direction, extra large onshore; plantation specification is transitioned into 2.0 × 2.0m by 1.0 × 1.0m; be converted into 333-83 plant/acre (comprising water channel region), the seeds dense planting on the ridge band of the outer most edge that borders on the sea, plantation specification is 0.5 × 0.5m; to resist the invasion and attack of outer rim stormy waves, protection forest belt, inner edge.On Sands, drawing Guan Muwei master to plant, on shale beach, closing wooden two seeds based on pagatpat with drawing.
In the band of ridge on 1/2nd (region, onshore), based on plant slow raw seeds Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata, Avicennia marina, planting specification is 0.5 × 0.5m, is converted into 1333 plants/acre (comprising water channel region)
(3) forest land maintenance and management: utilize purse seine will be surrounded afforested area after having afforested, carries out nursery stock after-culture and support lodging nursery stock to forest land, clears up afforested area rubbish simultaneously at least continuous 2 years.
Embodiment 3
A method of forestation for high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, comprises the steps:
(1) wholely
By the engineering measure of excavation and filling, with the padded beach face of ribbon mode ridging, form the general layout at ridge band and water channel interval, ridge bandwidth 15m after padded, water channel is wide is 15m, on the band of ridge, the wide water export of 20m is retained every 110m, form the water channel vertical with littoral zone direction, so that construction area tidal flow is unimpeded, face, ridge Altitude control after padded at 0.2m (relative to mean sea level, lower same), face, the ridge height of the outer most edge that borders on the sea is higher than other faces, ridge 0.3m, impact to alleviate stormy waves, in engineering construction region, region and the water surface of planting mangrove forest respectively account for 50%.Utilize ream grab waterborne to be dredged by band both sides, ridge, be filled to and need on padded ridge band (as shown in Figure 1).
(2) plant
After filling out depth condition that the measure of digging reaches needed for mangrove forest growth, mangrove is planted in the face, ridge after padded.Mangrove forest implantation time is August.Combine with the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds, outer rim is with the quick growing species of trees, and inner edge, with raw seeds slowly, was both improved protection benefit, and can be enriched again the species diversity of Mangrove Communities.The structural allocation of standing forest is to be parallel to the mode of coastline Mixed in belt.Different types of mangrove growth rate differs greatly, and the mangrove height of tree year increment of fast-growing can reach 2m, grows into forest very fast, and slow raw mangrove height of tree year increment is only 0.2 ~ 0.5m, needs 3 ~ 5 years or the longer time just can grow into forest.Utilize the quick growing species of trees to form main body standing forest as early as possible, utilize slow raw tree seed optimization simultaneously and improve stand structure.
(to sea region) Planting Fast-growing seeds on outer 1/2nd of ridge band; by extra large onshore to inland dike direction; plantation specification is transitioned into 2.0 × 2.0m by 1.0 × 1.0m; be converted into 333-83 plant/acre (comprising water channel region); seeds dense planting on the ridge band of the outer most edge that borders on the sea; plantation specification is 0.5 × 0.5m, to resist the invasion and attack of outer rim stormy waves, and protection forest belt, inner edge.On Sands, drawing Guan Muwei master to plant, on shale beach, closing wooden two seeds based on pagatpat with drawing.
In the band of ridge on 1/2nd (region, onshore), based on plant slow raw indigenous tree species Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata, Avicennia marina, plantation specification is 0.5 × 0.5m, be converted into 1333 plants/acre (comprising water channel region), on sand ground Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant and Bruguiera conjugata plant with the form at the direct transplanting seabeach of plumular axis seedling, namely cost-saved, can survival rate be improved again.Can suitably plant with nutritious bag seed during non-plumular axis mature period afforestation.On shale beach, Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata not only can plumular axis seedling form but also can the form plantation of seedling.
During planting patterns afforestation direct with plumular axis, plumular axis is rooted in (degree of depth of plantation is no more than 2/3 of plumular axis length) in mud bank as far as possible, and to avoid just, planting phase plumular axis is swept away loss by stormy waves.When planting with nutritious bag seed, glue the above earthing 3 ~ 5cm of real region earth bag at soil, soil loosening ground and easily by the above earthing 5 ~ 10cm of seawater scouring region earth bag, prevent nursery stock from being washed away by seawater.
(3) forest land maintenance and management
Because mangrove forest growth is in intertidal zone adverse circumstances, by seawater scouring, rubbish is wound around and people adopts the movable impact in sea, and seedling storage rate is low, within continuous more than 2 years, should carry out nursery stock after-culture to recovery and help lodging nursery stock to improve Seedling survival rate afterwards afforestation.
Strengthen planting site maintenance and management after recovery, periodic cleaning rubbish incidental, the phase of managing and protecting is at least 2 years.
To signs such as the afforested area surrounding timbers of plumular axis and slow raw seeds seedling, set up purse seine to protect new plantation district as far as possible.
In marine alga prone areas, in afforested area, overseas edge sets up purse seine to resist the infringement of marine alga.At afforestation region purse seine to reduce marine alga drift, a large amount of input man power and material clears up the marine alga being trapped in planting site in time.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) wholely: on high salinity deep water seabeach, play the rectangle ridge band that width is 10 ~ 15m along being parallel to direction, coastline, the height of ridge band is higher than 0 ~ 0.2m of sea level altitude, and a ridge band of most outer of bordering on the sea is higher than other ridges band 0.1 ~ 0.3m; Distance between adjacent two ridge bands is 10 ~ 15m, and every bar ridge band is every the long water channel arranged perpendicular to ridge band of 90 ~ 110m, and water channel is wide is 10 ~ 20m;
(2) plant: after ridging completes, in 6 annual ~ August, select the quick growing species of trees and slow raw seeds to mix, plant with nutritious bag seed and/or the mode of plumular axis seedling transplanting, by line-spacing be 0.5 ~ 2m, spacing in the rows is that 0.5 ~ 2m plants;
(3) forest land maintenance and management: utilize purse seine to be surrounded afforested area after having afforested, carries out nursery stock after-culture and support lodging nursery stock to forest land, clears up afforested area rubbish simultaneously at least continuous 2 years.
2. the method for forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach according to claim 1 mangrove forest, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the described quick growing species of trees is pagatpat and draws Guan Mu, plant on the half ridge band bordered on the sea, planting patterns is that the mode of nutritious bag seedling is planted; Described slow raw seeds be Rhizophora stylosa, the autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata and Avicennia marina, plant on second half ridge band of offshore, planting patterns is that nutritious bag seed is planted and/or the transplanting of plumular axis seedling.
3. the method for forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach according to claim 2 mangrove forest, is characterized in that, the planting patterns of described slow raw seeds Avicennia marina is that nutritious bag seed is planted.
4. the method for forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach according to claim 2 mangrove forest, it is characterized in that, described quick growing species of trees planting density is for be reduced successively by Dai Waian region, ridge to inner bank ecological region planting density; Described slow raw seeds planting density is 0.5 × 0.5m.
5. the method for forestation of the high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest according to any one of claim 1 ~ 2, is characterized in that, the planting depth of described plumular axis seedling is no more than 2/3 of seedling length.
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