CN113615469A - Reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on forest Zea habitat - Google Patents
Reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on forest Zea habitat Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/125—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of vegetable material, e.g. wood, reeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, and provides a forest-luster habitat based reservoir-tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting saplings: selecting a large tree which is resistant to flooding and is required to be planted to be 20-80 cm higher than the highest water level at the top of the tree after the tree is flooded at the highest water level, wherein the large tree comprises one or more of pond fir, Chinese pine, Zhongshan fir and larch; s2, planting: small-sized trees which are resistant to flooding are planted at the river bank zone of the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, and large-sized trees are planted below the small-sized trees at a certain distance. The invention improves the spatial heterogeneity of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, and can quickly and completely recover the original vegetation situation after experiencing the environment of long-term highest water level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, in particular to a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on forest and luster habitat.
Background
With the development of economic society, the improvement capability of natural environment is continuously enhanced, and the stability of an ecological system is influenced while the environment is improved. The reservoir construction has multiple economic benefits of irrigation, flood control and drought resistance, shipping, power generation, cultivation and the like, but the reservoir construction also brings immeasurable loss to the original ecological system. For example, the increase of water level causes the change of biological habitat, thereby changing the ecosystem and causing devastating damage to some endangered species.
the Yanghu is the biggest freshwater lake in China and the most important wetland system in China, scientifically protects Yanghu and the watershed wetland ecosystem, and plays an important role in protecting birds. In recent years, the hydrologic changes of the Poyang lake body are severe, the extreme dry and rich periods are increased year by year, the number of important migratory birds in the lake area is reduced due to the slight change of the habitat environment of the migratory birds, and meanwhile, the number of the migratory birds in other wetland parks and reservoir areas in the Poyang lake basin is gradually increased. The habitat of the migratory birds is protected, a stable ecological system is constructed, and the method has important significance for ecological restoration and reconstruction after reservoir development.
the water level change of the lake region of the yang lake and the wetland parks mainly comprising reservoirs is influenced by rainfall, artificial control and the like and has great change. Particularly in the hydro-fluctuation belt area, has obvious hydrological characteristics of flooding in rich water, drought in dry water and the like. Because the water level regulating capacity of reservoirs and the like is far greater than the fluctuation speed of natural rivers and lakes, the ecological systems in the hydro-fluctuation belt areas of the reservoirs and the like are very weak. Reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts have some common problems: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out water flooding, water wave erosion and surface runoff all the year round, taking away a large amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen and the like, wherein the water in the hydro-fluctuation belt is relatively arid, the soil is relatively poor, vegetation is difficult to survive and gradually withers, and the vegetation in most regions disappears; secondly, the water and soil loss is serious, and the geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, debris flow and the like often occur. Therefore, the ecological system restoring capability of the hydro-fluctuation belt area is enhanced, and the incompatibility of wild animals caused by drastic change of the habitat is reduced, so that the ecological environment-friendly ecological system has great ecological value.
The method adopts pioneer species introduction technology and bioengineering measures for the diving degraded riparian zone of Anhui, Zhang Jianchun and the like, designs 2 riparian zone plant community structure optimization configuration modes of Yuanzhu-Chinese ash-sedge mode and Yiyang-purple amorpha-Chinese willow-sedge, and the recovered riparian zone ecological system has increased biological diversity and stability, and improved soil structure and nutrient conditions. Liu Xin an and the like can solve the problems of water and soil loss, water eutrophication and the like of the water-and-land zone by utilizing the vetiver grass and engineering comprehensive technology. Lichangxiao et al performed simulation and research on the photosynthetic property of the seedlings of the larch and the pond fir under the condition of soil moisture change in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the three reservoir areas. The prior art has the defects of poor growth vigor of plants in the hydro-fluctuation belt, poor flooding resistance, incapability of surviving after long-time top flooding, poor biomass, difficult management and protection, poor sustainability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art and provides a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zephyrants. The purpose of the invention is realized based on the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on a forest Zealand habitat, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting saplings: selecting a large tree which is resistant to flooding and is required to be planted to be 20-80 cm higher than the highest water level at the top of the tree after the tree is flooded at the highest water level, wherein the large tree comprises one or more of pond fir, Chinese pine, Zhongshan fir and larch;
s2, planting: small-sized trees which are resistant to flooding are planted at the river bank zone of the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, and large-sized trees are planted below the small-sized trees at a certain distance.
The pond fir, the Chinese pine, the Zhongshan fir, the larch and the like are preferably selected as large trees of forest project in the falling zone area, the large trees are flood-resistant, the tree tips are enabled to be exposed to the water surface for 20-80 cm in a flood period, the tree tips are enabled not to be exposed to the water, the tree tips are reserved, and the large trees can still grow normally, so that the large trees have strong recovery capability after being dewatered; wherein, flood resistance: china pine, pond fir, China mountain fir, and larch. The small-sized water-flooding-resistant arbor has the capability of re-growing and developing after being submerged in water; after the water is removed, the regional ecosystem is rapidly changed from aquatic to terrestrial. The water-resistant large-sized arbor and small-sized arbor have developed root systems, have the functions of water and soil fixation and extremely strong water retention, are favorable for the attachment process of seeds, and have an important function of improving water quality. The small-sized arbor is designed and planted at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt and used as a transition belt, and the effect of stopping onshore pollutants and soil erosion of the hydro-fluctuation belt from entering a reservoir can be achieved.
Preferably, two cases are included:
a) for the falling zone at the tail of the warehouse with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, the step S2 is to directly plant large trees at a certain distance below the small trees, and the planted large trees are in a shape that the large trees at two ends are close to the zone along the river bank, so that more water can be reserved in the soil between the small trees and the large trees;
b) for a Kouchi hydro-fluctuation belt with a slope of 30 DEG or more and 60 DEG or less, the step S1 is preceded by a step S0: land preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, and obtaining a plurality of ponds and a plurality of soil heaps at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt at a certain distance along the river bank belt by ditching and piling soil, wherein the soil heaps and the river bank belt are arranged around the ponds to form a plurality of dish-shaped lake shapes; step S2 is planting a large arbor on the soil heap.
For the area with larger gradient, the method is not beneficial to the planting of large trees, so that the character of the butterfly lake is formed by digging ditches, piling soil and piling up the soil in the spreading area at the tail of the reservoir, on one hand, the flooding-resistant height of the tree seeds can be improved, on the other hand, the butterfly lake can keep partial wetland after the water is removed, the drought condition is relieved, and the growth of plants in the butterfly lake is facilitated. And for the area with great water level change and great fall, the butterfly lake can be built by adopting the operation of the excavator.
Preferably, in the step S0, a plurality of small soil piles are further arranged inside the disc-shaped lake to increase the ecology of the forest Zea habitat, and the pond can retain part of the wetland after the water is removed to provide water for large trees planted on the small soil piles, so that the adaptability of the ecosystem is improved.
Preferably, step S0 further comprises digging a sediment pile on the soil pile and the small soil pile, wherein the sediment contains nutrients necessary for plant growth and provides fertilizer for the growth of plants such as Chinese pine.
Preferably, in step S2, the large arbor selects tree species with different ages according to the water level change rule, and the tree species with a diameter of 3-12 cm is suitable for general use.
Preferably, the planting distance of the large trees in the step S3 is (4-10) mx (4-10) m, so that the trees can grow, birds can breed, and small boats can penetrate, and a good ecological system can be formed.
Preferably, the height of the large arbor in step S3 is 4-5.5 m.
Preferably, the large trees are planted in colonies in step S3, each colony including 30-300 large trees.
Preferably, the small trees in step S3 include one or more of salix glandulifera, salix malayana, salix floribunda and moschus minuta. The small-sized arbor has excellent flooding resistance, has the capability of re-growing and developing after being submerged and dewatered, and particularly can grow after being submerged in water with the depth of 2-3 m.
Preferably, the small trees are planted at intervals of (1-6) mx (1-6) m in step S3.
Preferably, the small trees are planted within 2m from the riparian zone in step S3.
Preferably, step S3 further includes planting small aquatic plants including one or more of reed, arundo donax, cattail, drocalamus latifolia, wild rice stem, calamus, canna, and saxifrage within the formed butterfly lake. The invention can provide better habitat for wild animals while keeping the biological diversity.
Preferably, the ratio of the reed and/or the arundo donax linn and/or the cattail in the small aquatic plants is not less than 50%, and the rest small aquatic plants are planted in a staggered mode.
In the constructed butterfly lake, high-pole aquatic plants such as reed and bamboo reed are mainly used, the flooding resistance is improved, and the dromey plantago herbs, wild rice shoots, calamus, canna indica and the like are planted in a staggered mode, so that the biological diversity of the forest habitat is improved, and the constructed butterfly lake has strong flooding resistance.
Preferably, submerged plants, such as algae, are planted at the bottom of the pond.
The invention provides a reservoir-tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland structure based on a forest habitat, which comprises a plurality of butterfly lakes arranged along a river bank zone and close to the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the butterfly lakes are formed by surrounding a pond along the river bank zone and soil piles, large flood-resistant trees are planted on the soil piles, and small flood-resistant trees are planted in the pond close to the river bank zone.
Preferably, a plurality of small soil piles are further arranged in part of the pond, and large trees resistant to flooding are planted on the small soil piles.
Preferably, small aquatic plants are planted in the pond.
The invention can obtain at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, by screening wetland trees with strong flooding resistance, various forest ecological systems are constructed in the tail area and the important river flood plain area of wetland parks which are mainly constructed by reservoirs, Chinese cypress, Chinese fir, larch and pond fir are used as large trees to be planted on a soil heap, the tree tips are enabled to be exposed to the water surface by 20-80 cm in the flooding period, the restoration capacity is strong after the water is removed, small water-resistant trees are matched, or small flooding-resistant aquatic plants are matched, so that a good habitat is provided for wild animals while the biological diversity is maintained; under the conditions of flooding, water withdrawal and the like in the area of the hydro-fluctuation zone at the tail of the reservoir, the ecological system can adapt to the change of the habitat quickly.
2. According to the invention, the disk-shaped lake terrain is constructed in the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, on one hand, the flooding-resistant height of tree species can be improved, the planting is facilitated, on the other hand, the disk-shaped lake can retain part of wetland after the water is removed, the drought condition is relieved, the growth of plants is facilitated, the plantable area can be increased, and the plant quantity is increased. The wetland structure designed by the invention improves the spatial heterogeneity of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, and can quickly and completely recover the original vegetation situation after experiencing the long-term environment with the highest water level.
3. The wetland structure designed by the invention has higher animal and plant dynamic diversity and ecological system recovery speed than those of non-forest engineering, the non-forest engineering needs about 3 years of time for complete recovery, and the wetland structure only needs about 1 year, namely 1 period, thereby having important ecological significance.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt at the highest water level, and fig. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of forest ecosystem construction of a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on forest habitat according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 (b);
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the actual effect of a forest ecosystem constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the actual effect of another forest ecosystem constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Figure 1(a) is a schematic representation of the tail-ending hydro-fluctuation zone at the highest water level, with the soil barren and vegetation depleted. Wherein, A refers to the highest water level, B refers to the normal water level, and C refers to the low water level; the maximum water level means a water level at a height position along the riparian zone 1 in rainy season. Compared with the prior art, the method for restoring the wetland in the tail falling zone of the reservoir based on the forest Zernia builds the wetland structure of the forest Zernia through ditching and soil piling, and the preferable structure is shown in fig. 1(b) and fig. 2. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, for the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, the repaired reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt comprises a plurality of butterfly lakes which are arranged along the riparian zone 1 and are close to the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the butterfly lakes are formed by surrounding the pond 3 along the riparian zone 1 and the soil heap 2, and a plurality of small soil heaps 7 are also arranged in part of the pond 3. Large trees 4 resistant to flooding are planted on the soil piles 2 and the small soil piles 7, small trees 5 resistant to flooding are planted at positions within a distance of 2m from the river bank zone 1 to the river bank zone 1, and small aquatic plants 6 are planted in the pond 3. At the normal water level, the soil heap 2 and the small soil heap 7 are exposed out of the water surface, and are submerged at the highest water level; the soil heap 2 is in a shape that two ends are close to the riverbank belt 1, and the depth of the pond 3 is about 3 meters. The actual effect diagram is shown in fig. 3. The wetland structure of the forest-luster habitat with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees is shown in figure 4, the gradient is downward along the tail falling zone of the reservoir, and the height of the planted large trees is gradually increased. According to the invention, by constructing various forest ecosystem, the biological diversity is ensured, the spatial heterogeneity of the falling zone at the tail of the reservoir is improved, the plants can continue to grow under the conditions of flooding, water withdrawal and the like, and the constructed ecosystem can rapidly adapt to the change of the habitat. The diameter of the large arbor sapling selected by the invention is 3-12 cm, and the height is 4-5.5 m; the higher positions of the soil heap 2 and the small soil heap 7 are used for planting short and small large trees, and the lower position is used for planting the larger and larger large trees, so that the top of the tree can be exposed to a certain height after the tree is submerged at the highest water level.
Example 1
For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of less than or equal to 30 degrees on two sides, the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zephyrants comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a water flooding resistant pond fir as a large arbor 4, wherein the height after planting is that the top of the tree can exceed the highest water level by 40-60 cm after the pond fir is flooded at the highest water level, and the diameter is 5-10 cm;
s2, planting: the method comprises the following steps of selecting salix glandulifera and waistcoat as small arbor 5, wherein the planting proportion is 1: 1 are planted in the pond 3 near the riparian zone 1 in a staggered way, and the planting distance is 4m multiplied by 4 m; pond cedars are directly planted under the small-sized arbor 5, and the pond cedars at two ends are close to the riparian zone 1, and the planting distance is 5m multiplied by 5 m.
Example 2
A reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on a forest Zephyrants environment comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on one side of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, obtaining a plurality of ponds 3 and a plurality of soil heaps 2 near a riparian zone 1 at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt by ditching and stacking soil, arranging the soil heaps 2 and the riparian zone 1 around the ponds 3 to form a shape of a dish-shaped lake, arranging a plurality of small soil heaps 7 in the dish-shaped lake, and piling silt at the bottom of excavation water on the soil heaps 2 and the small soil heaps 7 for fertilizer supply; the other side of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees is not soil-leveled;
s2, selecting flooding-resistant China fir and Chinese pine as large trees 4, wherein the height of the trees after planting is 50-80 cm higher than the highest water level after flooding, and the diameter of the trees is 6-12 cm;
s3, planting: planting China fir communities and Chinese cypress communities on each soil heap 2 and each small soil heap 7, wherein each community comprises 430-80 large trees, and the community ratio is 1: 3, planting at a spacing of 4m multiplied by 4 m; selecting salix pulverata as a small arbor 5, and planting the salix pulverata at a position, close to a riparian zone 1, of a pond 3, wherein the planting distance is 2m multiplied by 2 m; planting small aquatic plants 6 in the formed butterfly lake, mainly comprising reeds accounting for 50%, planting drooping umbrellas and cane shoots (the planting ratio is 1: 1) in the reeds in a staggered manner, wherein the planting distance of the small aquatic plants 6 is 1m multiplied by 1 m; the other side of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt is directly planted on the land according to the same rule, and the two ends of the large-scale arbor 4 community are close to the riverbank belt 1.
Example 3
For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the slope of 30-60 degrees on both sides, the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zea habitat comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, obtaining a plurality of ponds 3 and a plurality of soil heaps 2 near a riparian zone 1 at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt by ditching and piling soil, wherein the soil heaps 2 and the riparian zone 1 surround the ponds 3 to form a shape of a dish-shaped lake, a plurality of small soil heaps 7 are arranged inside the dish-shaped lake on the left side in the direction shown in the drawing, the right side is not arranged, and the excavated silt at the bottom of the water is piled on the soil heaps 2 and the small soil heaps 7 for fertilizer supply;
s2, selecting the flooding-resistant Sequoia intermedia as a large arbor 4, wherein the height after planting is 20-50 cm higher than the highest water level after flooding, and the diameter is 3-6 cm;
s3, planting: planting the sequoia on each soil pile 2 and the small soil piles 7 at the planting interval of 9m multiplied by 9 m; the willow glandulae and the small-sized mosquito are selected as small trees 5, and the ratio of 2: planting the plants at the left and right of 1 in a staggered way at the position of the pond 3 close to the riparian zone 1, wherein the planting distance is 5m multiplied by 5 m; planting small aquatic plants 6 in the formed butterfly lake, wherein the giant reed and the cattail are used as main materials, the percentage of the giant reed and the cattail is respectively 50% and 30%, and the calamus, the canna and the saxifrage (the planting ratio is about 1: 1: 1) are planted in the giant reed and the cattail in a staggered mode, and the planting distance of the small aquatic plants 6 is 2m multiplied by 2 m; and finally, planting algae submerged plants such as tape grass, hornworts, watermifoil, hydrilla verticillata and the like at the bottom of the pond 3.
Example 4
For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the slope of 30-60 degrees on both sides, the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zea habitat comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, obtaining a plurality of ponds 3 and a plurality of soil heaps 2 near a riparian zone 1 at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt by ditching and piling soil, arranging the soil heaps 2 and the riparian zone 1 around the ponds 3 to form a shape of a dish-shaped lake, arranging a plurality of small soil heaps 7 in the dish-shaped lake, and piling underwater sludge on the soil heaps 2 and the small soil heaps 7 for fertilizer supply;
s2, selecting waterflooding-resistant pond fir, Chinese cypress and larch as large trees 4, wherein the height after planting is 30-50 cm higher than the highest water level after the tree tops are submerged at the highest water level, and the diameter is 3-12 cm;
s3, planting: planting pond fir communities, pinus community and larch community on each soil heap 2 and small soil heap 7, wherein each community comprises 4100-150 large trees, and the number ratio of the communities is 1: 1: 1, planting at a spacing of 10m × 10m, selecting paliurus ramosissimus and salix cauliflora as small trees 5, and mixing the materials in a ratio of 1: planting at a planting ratio of about 1 in a staggered manner at a position of the pond 3 close to the riparian zone 1, wherein the planting distance is 4.5m multiplied by 4.5 m; and planting small aquatic plants 6 in the formed butterfly lake, planting the reed, the giant reed and the cattail in a staggered mode with the weight ratio of 25%, planting the drocalamus, the wild rice shoots and the calamus (the planting ratio is about 1: 1: 1) in the staggered mode, and planting the small aquatic plants 6 at the spacing of 3m multiplied by 3 m.
Example 5
For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the slope of 30-60 degrees on both sides, the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zea habitat comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, obtaining a plurality of ponds 3 and a plurality of soil heaps 2 near a riparian zone 1 at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt by ditching and piling soil, arranging the soil heaps 2 and the riparian zone 1 around the ponds 3 to form a shape of a dish-shaped lake, arranging a plurality of small soil heaps 7 in the dish-shaped lake, and piling underwater sludge on the soil heaps 2 and the small soil heaps 7 for fertilizer supply;
s2, selecting waterlogging-resistant pond fir and larch as large trees 4, wherein the height after planting is 45-55 cm higher than the highest water level after the tree tops are submerged at the highest water level, and the diameter is 5-9 cm;
s3, planting: planting pond fir communities and larval fir communities on each soil heap 2 and the small soil heap 7, wherein each community comprises 4150-200 large trees, and the number ratio of the communities is 2: 1, planting at a spacing of 7.5m × 7.5m, selecting salix glandulifera as small trees 5, planting at a position, close to a riparian zone 1, of a pond 3, and planting at a spacing of 3m × 3m of the small trees 5; and planting small aquatic plants 6 in the formed butterfly lake, wherein reed and arundo donax are taken as main materials, the percentage of the reed and the arundo donax is 30%, wild rice shoots, calamus and canna (the planting ratio is about 1: 1: 1) are planted in a staggered mode, and the planting distance of the small aquatic plants 6 is 2.5m multiplied by 2.5 m.
Example 6
For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the slope of 30-60 degrees on both sides, the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on the forest Zea habitat comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, obtaining a plurality of ponds 3 and a plurality of soil heaps 2 near a riparian zone 1 at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt by ditching and piling soil, arranging the soil heaps 2 and the riparian zone 1 around the ponds 3 to form a shape of a dish-shaped lake, arranging a plurality of small soil heaps 7 in the dish-shaped lake, and piling underwater sludge on the soil heaps 2 and the small soil heaps 7 for fertilizer supply;
s2, selecting pond fir and Chinese cypress which are resistant to flooding as large trees 4, wherein the height of the planted trees is 40-50 cm higher than the highest water level after the trees are flooded at the highest water level, and the diameter of the planted trees is 5-8 cm;
s3, planting: planting pond fir communities and pinus communities on each soil heap 2 and the small soil heap 7, wherein each community comprises 450-100 large trees, and the number ratio of the communities is 1: 1, planting willows with the spacing of 6m multiplied by 6m, selecting small trees 5 as the willows, and planting the willows at the position, close to a riparian zone 1, of a pond 3 with the spacing of 3m multiplied by 3 m; and planting small aquatic plants 6 in the formed butterfly lake, wherein the reed and the arundo donax are taken as main materials, the percentage of the reed and the arundo donax is 30%, the drocalamus, the calamus and the canna (the planting ratio is about 1: 1: 1: 1) are planted in a staggered mode, and the planting distance of the small aquatic plants 6 is 2m multiplied by 2 m.
According to actual investigation, continuous rainstorm and reservoir flood discharge are influenced by downstream water level, and the over-design warning water level of the reservoir can not exceed 4 days generally. The ecological system of the embodiment 1-6 of the invention can quickly and completely recover the original vegetation situation after the maximum water level is designed for 4 days.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland restoration method based on a forest Zephyrants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting saplings: selecting a large tree which is resistant to flooding and is required to be planted to be 20-80 cm higher than the highest water level at the top of the tree after the tree is flooded at the highest water level, wherein the large tree comprises one or more of pond fir, Chinese pine, Zhongshan fir and larch;
s2, planting: small-sized trees which are resistant to flooding are planted at the river bank zone of the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, and large-sized trees are planted below the small-sized trees at a certain distance.
2. The wetland restoration method for the reservoir-tail hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest Zephyrants, according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising two conditions:
a) for the falling zone at the tail of the warehouse with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, step S2 is to directly plant large trees at a certain distance below the small trees, and the planted large trees are in a shape that the large trees at two ends are close to the zone along the river bank;
b) for a Kouchi hydro-fluctuation belt with a slope of 30 DEG or more and 60 DEG or less, the step S1 is preceded by a step S0: land preparation: carrying out terrain reconstruction and plasticity on the hydro-fluctuation belt at the tail of the reservoir, and obtaining a plurality of ponds and a plurality of soil heaps at the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt at a certain distance along the river bank belt by ditching and piling soil, wherein the soil heaps and the river bank belt are arranged around the ponds to form a plurality of dish-shaped lake shapes; step S2 is planting a large arbor on the soil heap.
3. The method for restoring the wetland in the tailed hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest Zephyrants, according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of small soil heaps are further arranged inside the disc-shaped lake in the step S0, and/or the step S0 further comprises the step of digging silt on the water bottom to be heaped on the soil heaps.
4. The method for restoring the wetland in the reservoir-tail hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest Zephyrants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the large arbor in step S2 is 3-12 cm.
5. The wetland restoration method for the valley tail hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest Zephyrants according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the planting distance of the large trees in step S3 is (4-10) mx (4-10) m; and/or the planting distance of the small trees in the step S3 is (1-6) mx (1-6) m.
6. The wetland restoration method for the reservoir-tail hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest-Zephyrants according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the large trees are planted in colonies in step S3, and each colony comprises 30-300 large trees.
7. The wetland restoration method for the lukeshidai wetland based on the forest ze habitat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the small trees in the step S3 comprise one or more of salix glandulifera, malachite, salix huashanensis and moschus parvum.
8. The method for restoring the wetland in the lake area based on the forest luster habitat of the pond tail hydro-fluctuation belt as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step S3 further comprises planting small aquatic plants in the formed butterfly lake, wherein the small aquatic plants comprise one or more of reed, arundo donax linn, cattail, drocalamus latifolia, calamus, canna indica and swordlike seaweed.
9. The wetland restoration method for the pond tail hydro-fluctuation belt based on the forest Zephyrants, according to the claim 8, is characterized in that the proportion of the reed and/or the giant reed and/or the typha orientalis in the small aquatic plants is not less than 50%, and the rest small aquatic plants are planted in a staggered mode.
10. A pool tail hydro-fluctuation belt wetland structure based on a forest habitat is characterized by comprising a plurality of butterfly lakes arranged along a riparian zone and close to the edge of the hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the butterfly lakes are formed by surrounding a pond along the riparian zone and soil piles, large flood-resistant trees are planted on the soil piles, and small flood-resistant trees are planted on the pond close to the riparian zone.
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