CN113748909B - Efficient construction method of ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem based on tipping - Google Patents
Efficient construction method of ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem based on tipping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency construction method of a hui tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress, which selects Chinese cypress as a large-scale arbor which is water-logging resistant, and requires that the top of the Chinese cypress exceeds the highest water level by 20-80 cm after the highest water level is submerged; firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings at high density near a river bank zone along a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation zone, wherein the planting interval is (1-3) m× (1-3) m; after the aerial roots grow out, transplanting the partially planted Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting, so that the planting distance of the Chinese cypress is (3-9) m× (3-9) m. The construction method of the Lin Ze ecological system is optimized, so that the ecological system can be quickly adapted to the change of habitat under the conditions of flooding, water withdrawal and the like in the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, in particular to a high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress.
Background
Along with the development of economy and society, the improvement capability of people to natural environment is continuously enhanced, and meanwhile, the stability of an ecological system is also damaged. The reservoir construction has multiple economic benefits such as irrigation, flood control, drought resistance, shipping, power generation, cultivation and the like, but the reservoir construction can change the original topography and land features, and immeasurable losses are brought to the original ecological system. Such as hydrologic variation and water level improvement, especially in the hydro-fluctuation belt area, the biological habitat is changed frequently, so that the ecological system and the instability thereof are caused, and the degradation of the tail wetland is serious.
Scientific researches show that the number of birds waiting in other wetland parks outside the Poyang lake basin and lake region, especially the wetland park region based on a medium and small reservoir, is gradually increased. The method protects the habitat of the waiting birds, builds a stable ecological system, and has important significance for ecological restoration and reconstruction after reservoir development.
The change of the water level of the reservoir tail is influenced by rainfall, manual control and the like, and the change is huge. Particularly, the water-level-fluctuating zone area has obvious hydrologic characteristics of water-full flooding, dry-withered water and drought-affected water and the like. Because the water level regulating capability of small and medium reservoirs and the like is far greater than the fluctuation speed of natural rivers and lakes, the ecological system in the hydro-fluctuation belt areas of the reservoirs and the like is very fragile. Therefore, the ecological system restoration capability of the hydro-fluctuation belt area is enhanced, and the inadaptability of wild animals due to severe ecological environment changes is reduced, so that the method has great ecological value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency construction method of a Chinese cypress-based kudo fall belt Lin Ze ecosystem. The invention is realized based on the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on tipping, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting tree seedlings: selecting the Chinese cypress as a tree seedling planted on a soil pile, wherein the top of the Chinese cypress exceeds the highest water level by 20-80 cm after the highest water level is submerged;
s2, planting: planting Chinese cypress at high density near the along river bank zone of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the planting distance is (1-3) m× (1-3) m;
s3, transplanting: after the aerial roots grow out, transplanting the partially planted Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting, so that the planting distance of the Chinese cypress is (3-9) m× (3-9) m.
The invention selects the Chinese cypress as a large arbor of Lin Ze ecosystem in the hydro-fluctuation belt area, the Chinese cypress is a large arbor which is water-logging-resistant, has strong adaptability to soil, and can be planted beside river sides and dykes for retaining dykes and banks and preventing wind. The treetop is ensured to be exposed out of the water surface for 20-80 cm in the flooding period, the treetop is ensured not to be bought, the treetop is left, and the Chinese cypress can still grow normally, so that the water has extremely strong recovery capacity after water withdrawal; the root system of the Chinese cypress is developed, so that the Chinese cypress has the functions of soil and water fixation and extremely strong water retention, is beneficial to the attachment process of seeds, and has an important function on improving the water quality; therefore, the Chinese cypress can greatly improve the vegetation recovery capability of the hydro-fluctuation belt. Transplanting after the Chinese cypress grows out of the aerial root, wherein the aerial root is favorable for the stable growth of the Chinese cypress, and plays roles of fixing water and soil and preserving water. The planting interval of the Chinese cypress is convenient for the trees to grow, birds are stopped, and the cultivation interval of the Chinese cypress is also feasible, so that a good ecological system is formed. Moreover, the pine tree is beautiful, the leaves do not fall off in winter, and the landscape effect is good. In addition, the Chinese cypress belongs to endangered species and the wild plants are mainly protected in the national class I, and a Lin Ze ecosystem is constructed based on the Chinese cypress, so that the protection of the endangered species population is facilitated.
Preferably, two cases are included:
a) For a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, the step S2 is to directly plant the Chinese cypress in high density near the along-river bank zone;
b) For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, the method further comprises the step S0: preparing land: performing terrain modification and plasticity on the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, and obtaining a plurality of ravines and a plurality of soil piles which are transversely and alternately arranged near the river bank zone of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt through ditching and soil piling; and S2, planting the Chinese cypress on the soil pile at high density.
For the region with larger gradient, the planting of the Chinese cypress is not facilitated, so that the ravines and the soil piles are obtained through ditching and soil piling, on one hand, the flood-resistant height of tree species can be improved, on the other hand, after water is removed, the ravines can keep part of the wetland, the drought condition is relieved, and the growth of plants in the ravines is facilitated.
Preferably, in step S0, the sludge of the excavated water is piled on the soil pile, and the sludge contains nutrients required by plant growth and provides fertilizer for growth of plants such as tipping and the like.
Preferably, the diameter of the tipping seedlings in the step S2 is 3-12 cm.
Preferably, step S3 further comprises planting miniature aquatic plants including one or more of reed, arundo donax, cane shoots, canna, typha, and dropwort between and/or around the low density planted pinus koraiensis. Thereby increasing the diversity of organisms and forming a diverse ecological system.
Preferably, the method further comprises step S4: and water and fertilizer management, including supplementing compound fertilizer around the Chinese cypress and/or supplementing water to the Chinese cypress so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of trees.
Preferably, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 2-8 kg/mu.
Preferably, the step S4 also comprises cutting off redundant branches and leaves of the pine tree in a long-time drought period, so as to improve the survival rate of transplanted tree seeds.
According to another aspect of the purpose of the invention, the ecological system of the hueing tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze based on the tipping is further provided, and the ecological system comprises a plurality of ravines and a plurality of soil piles which are arranged at the edges of the hydro-fluctuation belt and transversely spaced along a river bank zone, wherein the tipping is planted on the soil piles, and the top of the tree exceeds the highest water level by 20-80 cm after the highest water level is submerged.
Preferably, miniature aquatic plants are planted between the pinus koraiensis and/or at the positions of the ravines close to the soil heap.
In still another aspect, the invention further provides a method for recovering vegetation of the tail hydro-fluctuation belt, and the method for efficiently constructing the ecological system of the tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze based on the tipping is used for recovering.
The invention can at least obtain one of the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the Lin Ze ecological system mainly comprising the Chinese cypress is constructed by planting the high-water-resistance arbor Chinese cypress, so that the vegetation recovery capability of the hydro-fluctuation belt can be greatly improved, and the ecological system can be rapidly adapted to the change of the environment under the conditions of flooding, water withdrawal and the like in the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area. The invention enhances the recovery capability of the ecological system in the hydro-fluctuation belt area, reduces the inadaptability of wild animals caused by severe changes of habitat, and has great ecological value. Meanwhile, the invention has good landscape effect and is also beneficial to the population protection of the endangered species of the Chinese cypress.
2. For a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with a larger gradient, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil is piled up by ditching in the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt region, the wetland strong water-resistant arbor and Chinese cypress are planted on the soil pile, the planting method of the Chinese cypress in the reservoir region hydro-fluctuation belt is optimized, and the construction method of the Lin Ze ecological system is optimized, so that the ecological system can be quickly adapted to the change of the habitat under the conditions of flooding, water withdrawal and the like in the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt region.
3. The ecological system constructed by the invention is especially suitable for the wetland park reservoir tail area and the important river flood beach area constructed by taking the medium and small reservoirs as main materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic view of a tailstock hydro-fluctuation belt at the highest water level, and FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic view of the tailstock hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 (b);
fig. 3 is a diagram showing the actual effect of the ecosystem of the tail clip Lin Ze according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In fig. 1, (a) is a schematic diagram of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt at the highest water level, the land is barren, and the vegetation is depleted. Wherein A refers to the highest water level, B refers to the normal water level, and C refers to the low water level; the highest water level is the water level at which the rainy season reaches the height position along the riparian zone 1. In contrast, the ecological system of the hui-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a structure as shown in fig. 1 (b) and fig. 2, and comprises a plurality of ravines 3 and a plurality of soil piles 2 which are arranged on the hui-tail hydro-fluctuation belt along the river bank zone 1 at intervals in the transverse direction, wherein the hui-pine 4 is planted on the soil piles 2, the small aquatic plants 5 are planted between the hui-pine 4 and/or at the positions where the ravines 3 are close to the soil piles 2, the soil piles 2 are consistent with the direction along the river bank zone 1, and the soil piles 2 can partially or completely expose the water surface at or below the normal water level, and the depth of the ravines 3 is about 2.5-4 m. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the actual effect of the Lin Ze ecosystem. The soil preparation time of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area is in a dead water period, namely the water level is at or below a low water level, about 12-2 months, and the planting time is about 3 months.
Example 1
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: performing terrain transformation and plasticity on a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area with a gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees in a dead water period, digging trenches and piling soil to obtain gullies and soil piles, piling sludge at the digging water bottom on the soil piles for fertilizer supply, designing 1 soil pile on a water bank, and then re-designing 1 soil pile at intervals of 1 gully;
s2, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling with the diameter of 5-8 cm, which is planted on the soil pile after the highest water level is submerged and has the top 40-50 cm higher than the highest water level;
s3, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings in a soil heap at a high density, wherein the planting interval is 2m multiplied by 2m, and transplanting part of the Chinese cypress seedlings to a nearby area for low-density planting after the aerial roots grow out, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress seedlings is 6m multiplied by 6m; then planting small-sized aquatic plants including reed, arundo donax, cane shoot and wet canna between the low-density planted Chinese cypress and at the position of the gully close to the soil heap, wherein the proportion of reed and arundo donax in the small-sized aquatic plants is about 25 percent respectively;
s4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 4 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Example 2
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: performing terrain transformation and plasticity on a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area with a gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, digging a ditch and piling soil to obtain ravines and piles, piling sludge of a digging water bottom on the piles for fertilizer, designing 1 pile on a water bank, and then re-designing 1 pile at intervals of 1 ravine;
s2, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling with the diameter of 5-10 cm, wherein the top of the tipping tree seedling planted on the soil pile after the highest water level is submerged exceeds the highest water level by 30-60 cm;
s3, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings in a soil heap at a high density, wherein the planting interval is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, and transplanting part of the Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting after the aerial roots grow out, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress is 4.5m multiplied by 4.5m; then planting small-sized aquatic plants including reed, arundo donax, typha and dropwort at the positions between the low-density planted pinus koraiensis and the positions of the ravines close to the soil heap, wherein the proportion of the reed, the arundo donax and the typha is about 25 percent respectively;
s4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 5 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Example 3
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: performing terrain transformation and plasticity on a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area with a gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, digging a ditch and piling soil to obtain ravines and piles, piling sludge of a digging water bottom on the piles for fertilizer, designing 1 pile on a water bank, and then re-designing 1 pile at intervals of 1 ravine;
s2, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling with the diameter of 3-7 cm, which is planted on the soil pile after the highest water level is submerged and has the top 50-60 cm higher than the highest water level;
s3, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings in a soil heap at a high density, wherein the planting interval is 2m multiplied by 2m, and transplanting part of the Chinese cypress seedlings to a nearby area for low-density planting after the aerial roots grow out, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress seedlings is 8m multiplied by 8m; then planting small-sized aquatic plants including typha, cane shoots and wet canna at positions between the low-density planted Chinese cypress and the positions of the ravines close to soil piles, wherein the ratio of the typha is about 60 percent;
s4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 3 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Example 4
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: performing terrain transformation and plasticity on a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt area with a gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, digging a ditch and piling soil to obtain ravines and piles, piling sludge of a digging water bottom on the piles for fertilizer, designing 1 pile on a water bank, and then re-designing 1 pile at intervals of 1 ravine;
s2, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling which is planted on the soil pile after the highest water level is submerged, wherein the top of the tipping tree seedling exceeds the highest water level by 50-80 cm, and the diameter of the tipping tree seedling is 6-12 cm;
s3, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings in a soil heap at a high density, wherein the planting interval is 3m multiplied by 3m, and transplanting part of the Chinese cypress seedlings to a nearby area for low-density planting after the aerial roots grow out, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress seedlings is 9m multiplied by 9m; then planting small-sized aquatic plants including reed, arundo donax, cane shoot and wet canna between the low-density planted Chinese cypress and at the position of the gully close to the soil heap, wherein the proportion of the reed and the arundo donax is about 35% respectively;
s4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 2 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Example 5
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling with the diameter of 3-12 cm, wherein the top of the tipping tree seedling planted on the soil pile after the highest water level is submerged exceeds the highest water level by 20-80 cm;
s2, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings at high density near a river bank zone along a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation zone with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, wherein the planting interval is 2.5m multiplied by 2.5m;
s3, transplanting: after the aerial roots grow out, transplanting the partially planted Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress is 7.5m multiplied by 7.5m; then planting small-sized aquatic plants including reed, typha and cane shoots between and around the low-density planted Chinese cypress, wherein the proportion of the reed and the typha is about 40% respectively;
s4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 5 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Example 6
A high-efficiency construction method of a ku-tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system based on Chinese cypress comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting tree seedlings: selecting a tipping tree seedling with the diameter of 3-5 cm, wherein the top of the tipping tree seedling planted on the soil pile exceeds the highest water level by 20-40 cm after the highest water level is submerged;
s2, planting: firstly, planting Chinese cypress seedlings at high density near a river bank zone along a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation zone with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, wherein the planting interval is 1.3m multiplied by 1.3m;
s3, transplanting: after the aerial roots grow out, transplanting the partially planted Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting, so that the planting interval of the Chinese cypress is 5.2m multiplied by 5.2m; and then planting small-sized aquatic plants between and around the low-density planted pinus koraiensis, wherein the small-sized aquatic plants comprise arundo donax and wild rice shoots, and the proportion of the arundo donax is about 65%.
S4, water and fertilizer management: taking countermeasures in time according to the growth vigor of trees, and supplementing compound fertilizer (15-15-15) around the Chinese cypress for barren water lands, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 8 kg/mu so as to accelerate the growth adaptation of the trees; when the water is high in temperature and drought, the water is properly supplemented to the Chinese cypress, and redundant branches and leaves of the Chinese cypress are cut off in a long-time drought period.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An efficient construction method of an Poyang lake basin tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem based on Chinese cypress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting tree seedlings: selecting the Chinese cypress as a water-logging-resistant tree seedling, wherein the top of the Chinese cypress exceeds the highest water level by 20-80 cm after the highest water level is submerged; the diameter of the Chinese cypress is 3-12 cm;
s2, planting: planting Chinese cypress at high density near the along river bank zone of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the planting distance is (1-3) m× (1-3) m;
s3, transplanting: after the aerial roots grow out, transplanting the partially planted Chinese cypress to a nearby area for low-density planting, so that the planting distance of the Chinese cypress is (3-9) m;
the step S2 includes two cases: a) For a reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, the step S2 is to directly plant the Chinese cypress in high density near the along-river bank zone; b) For the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt with the gradient of more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees, the method further comprises the step S0: preparing land: performing terrain transformation and plasticity on the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, and piling up sludge at the excavated water bottom on a plurality of ravines and a plurality of soil piles which are transversely and alternately arranged near the river bank zone of the reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt through ditching and soil piling; s2, planting the Chinese cypress on the soil pile at high density;
the step S3 further includes: planting miniature aquatic plants between and/or around the low-density planted pinus koraiensis; the small-sized aquatic plants comprise one or more of reed, arundo donax, cane shoot, wet canna, typha and dropwort.
2. The efficient construction method of the cypress-based sunny lake basin tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecological system, according to claim 1, further comprising the step of S4: water and fertilizer management, including supplementing compound fertilizer around the Chinese cypress and/or supplementing water to the Chinese cypress.
3. The efficient construction method of the cypress-based Yanghu basin reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem, which is characterized in that the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 2-8 kg/mu.
4. The efficient construction method of the pinus koraiensis-based catlake basin reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem according to claim 2, wherein step S4 further comprises shearing off the redundant branches and leaves of pinus koraiensis during a long drought period.
5. An ecological system of the Poyang lake basin, tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze based on the tipping, which is characterized in that the ecological system is constructed by using the efficient construction method of the Poyang lake basin, tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze based on the tipping, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A method for recovering the vegetation of the Poyang lake basin, reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt, which is characterized in that the Poyang lake basin, reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem based on the tipping is recovered by using the efficient construction method of the Poyang lake basin, reservoir tail hydro-fluctuation belt Lin Ze ecosystem.
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