CN112441702A - Wet compound ecological clean system of agriculture and forestry - Google Patents
Wet compound ecological clean system of agriculture and forestry Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses a wet composite ecological purification system for agriculture and forestry, which comprises a composite ecological purification unit for an ecological hydroponic area, a clear water conservation area, a water forest area, a wet forest area and the like. The farmland drainage firstly enters an ecological hydroponic area and then enters a clear water conservation area, part of the water outlet is used as a spare farmland water source, and part of the water outlet enters an overwater forest area; planting flooding-resistant tree species in the aquatic forest area, arranging pond wetlands, connecting the ponds by grooves, and piling up the periphery to form ecological islands; effluent water from the overwater forest region enters a forest wetland region, and earthwork is properly excavated in the forest to form a multi-stage composite forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series; the effluent part of the forest wetland area enters a river channel. The system makes full use of ecological spaces such as forest lands, wetlands and the like in an engineering area, constructs an agricultural and forestry wet composite ecological purification system, protects biological diversity, promotes ecological system service, and provides basic support for agricultural production and human activities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an agricultural and forestry wet composite ecological purification system which is suitable for a system for ecological purification of farmland non-point source pollution, biological diversity protection and ecological service function improvement.
Background
How to effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution is a bottleneck problem in the agricultural development process. Before agricultural non-point source pollutants enter a water body, an ecological interception system is established, so that the output of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in runoff water is effectively blocked, and the method is an important technical means for controlling the agricultural non-point source pollutants. The ecological interception type ditch system is provided by combining related research, can slow down the flow velocity, promotes the sedimentation of granular substances carried by flowing water, and is beneficial to constructing the three-dimensional absorption and interception of plants on nutrients escaped from the ditch walls, water bodies and the ditch bottoms, thereby realizing the control on the nutrients discharged from the farmland. However, the area of land available for constructing ecological ditches in a farming area is very limited, so that the retention time of farmland drainage in the ecological ditches is often short, and thus it is difficult to exert a true treatment effect. In recent years, on the basis of single technical breakthrough in the past, system control is carried out on the area source pollution to form a technical system of 'source decrement-prepositive blocking-recycling-ecological restoration', so that the control of the whole type, the whole process and the whole flow area (region) is achieved. Again, however, the tight confinement of the farming area's land results in a lack of space for the implementation of the above-described systematic control measures.
On the other hand, the protection of biodiversity in land management is gradually paid attention and a lot of precious experiences are accumulated, for example, farmers are encouraged to establish farmland boundaries, and high-heterogeneity farmland mosaics are formed by constructing strip-shaped non-agricultural habitat and connecting different plots, so that economic benefits are increased and the biodiversity is well protected; for example, afforestation along the bank of a river in an agricultural area forms a river-following ecological protection system. According to the technical scheme, the farmland ecosystem is effectively protected mainly by improving the heterogeneity of habitat patches, the connectivity of galleries and the diversity of water way field forest networks of the agricultural system. However, the technical methods for considering the non-point source pollution control and the biodiversity protection are still lacking.
In most agricultural production areas, a part of forest land, pond wetland and the like can be reserved to play roles in preventing wind, conserving water sources and the like. If the forest land and the wetland can be further compositely utilized, an agriculture and forestry wet composite ecological purification system is constructed, biological habitat and agriculture and forestry wetland landscapes are constructed, the water quality cleaning effect and the biological habitat effect of the wetland can be possibly exerted, the ecological system service is promoted while the biological diversity is protected, and basic support is provided for agricultural production and human activities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to construct a composite ecological purification system comprising a multifunctional hydroponic wetland, a clear water conservation area, an above-water forest and a forest wetland by utilizing ecological spaces such as forest lands, the wetland and the like in a farmland and adjacent forest land areas, so that the water quality cleaning effect and the biological habitat effect of the wetland are exerted, and the ecological system service is provided for local agricultural production and human activities.
The invention also aims to form a novel ecological cycle agricultural system with high-efficiency production capacity and high-efficiency self-purification capacity by utilizing forest land, wetland and current land and reasonably allocating.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: according to the existing terrain, the existing forest land space is utilized, and a composite ecological purification system comprising an ecological hydroponic wetland, a clear water conservation area, an overwater forest area, a woodland wet area and the like is constructed for the nursery stock forest land area close to one side of a farmland without changing the land property, so that the water quality cleaning effect and the biological habitat effect of the wetland are exerted. The system comprises:
several-stage ecological hydroponic area
Wetland and ditches are distributed in the area, high land is arranged between the single wetland and the wetland, the width of the single wetland is at least 6m, and water-proof arbor trees are planted; the depth of the water of the regional section is at most 0.5m, the inflow water comes from farmland drainage, the surface layer of the water is provided with a floating bed, aquatic cash crops are planted, and large particle suspended substances and nutrient substances in the inflow water are removed through ecological precipitation and plant absorption;
the ecological hydroponic areas are in a plurality of stages, and all the ecological hydroponic areas are communicated in sequence;
clear water conservation area
Connecting a final-stage ecological hydroponic area, enclosing the peripheral earthwork of the area, excavating a shallow pool to form a space capable of storing water by using the space under the forest, wherein the water depth is at most 0.5m, and planting shade-resistant hygrophytes and aquatic plants in the shallow pool; the inlet water comes from the final-stage ecological hydroponic area, the outlet water is divided into two parts, one part is used as a spare water source of the farmland, and the other part enters the next area;
forest area on water
Connecting a clean water conservation area, wherein inflow water comes from part of outflow water of the clean water conservation area, the periphery of the area is enclosed by earthwork, flooding-resistant tree species are planted in the area, shallow pond wetlands with the water depth of at least 0.3m are arranged, the shallow ponds are connected by grooves, the periphery of the shallow pond is piled up to form an ecological island, arbor forests are planted in the ecological island, and the forests are used for absorbing straws and aquatic plant residues; the elevation of the ecological island is higher than the periphery by about 2m, and the gradient is adjusted to 10-15 degrees;
forest wetland area
Connecting the water forest zones, leading the effluent of the water forest zones to enter a wet area in a forest, leading the average water depth to be at most 0.5m, utilizing the space under the forest, taking an in-forest drainage ditch as a basis, and being suitable for excavating earthwork to form a multistage composite type forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series; the forest wetland adopts a natural embankment, the edge bank is protected by hygrophytes, and an artificial pine pile is adopted to be vertical to the revetment at the turbulent section of water flow; part of the regional effluent enters the riverway, and the other part of the regional effluent provides a farmland irrigation water source.
In the system, an ecological hydroponic area, a clear water conservation area, an overwater forest area and a wet area between forests are sequentially connected by a ditch, farmland drainage water is lifted by a water pump and then sequentially flows through the ecological hydroponic area and the clear water conservation area to be purified, part of purified effluent water is supplied to the farmlands, and the rest purified effluent water continuously sequentially flows through the overwater forest area and the wet area between forests and is discharged into a peripheral river channel after being further purified.
The hygrophytes are local emergent aquatic plants with negative resistance and water quality purification effects and comprise reeds, relish flowers, acorus gramineus, droughtonia stolonifera and the like; the aquatic plants are local submerged plants with negative resistance and water quality purification effects, and comprise eel grass, watermifoil and the like; the aquatic cash crops are cash crops which can be cultivated on the water surface, such as cress, water spinach and the like.
The system area and the periphery of the system are provided with water-resistant arbor, shrub and herb, and the maximum ecological benefit is achieved in the limited greenbelt range and the maximum landscape effect is generated through the construction of multi-level plant communities formed by combining arbor, shrub and herb and the enclosure of the original forest to the space.
The system construction of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the ecological hydroponic area is embedded into a forest in a ditch shape, a floating bed is arranged on the surface layer of water, aquatic cash crops are planted, and large-particle suspended substances and nutrient substances in incoming water are removed through the actions of ecological precipitation, plant absorption and the like;
2) clear water conservation district utilizes space under the forest, excavates shallow pool shallow ditch according to the relief and forms the space that can impound, goes out the water and divides two parts: one part is used as a spare water source of a farmland, and the other part enters the overwater forest area;
3) planting flood-resistant tree species in the water forest area, piling up the excess earthwork at the periphery to form an ecological island, planting trees in the island, and using the forest to absorb straws, aquatic plant residues and the like;
4) in the forest wetland area, the space in the forest is utilized, earthwork is properly excavated to form a multi-stage composite forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series, and effluent enters a river channel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) large particle suspended substances and nutrient substances in farmland drainage are removed through the effects of ecological precipitation, plant absorption and the like, the farmland drainage water has a water quality cleaning function, a high-quality water source is conserved, and effluent can be directly discharged into a river channel and used as a farmland irrigation water source;
2) form a forest wet composite structure to provide different types of biological habitats, meet the habitat requirements of animals such as frogs, birds, beneficial insects and the like in different life history stages, and be beneficial to improving the biodiversity and increasing the biological quantity;
3) the ecological wetland landscape is formed, the maximum ecological benefit is achieved in the limited forest wet space range, and a better landscape effect is generated; and can obtain better agricultural economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the agricultural and forestry wet composite ecological purification system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ecological hydroponic area;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a clean water containment zone;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a marine forest area;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a forest wetland area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The system comprises an ecological hydroponic area, a clear water conservation area, an overwater forest area and a wet area in a forest. The farmland drainage firstly enters an ecological hydroponic area and then enters a clear water conservation area; the effluent of the clear water conservation area is divided into two parts: one part is used as a spare water source of a farmland, and the other part enters the overwater forest area; planting flood-resistant tree species in the aquatic forest area, piling up the tree species around the forest area by using redundant earthwork to form an ecological island, and planting arbor forests in the ecological island; effluent water from the overwater forest region enters a forest wetland region, and earthwork is properly excavated by utilizing forest space to form a multistage composite forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series; effluent water from the forest wetland area enters a river channel.
The specific contents of each area in the system of the invention are as follows:
1) ecological hydroponic area
The farmland drainage enters the ecological hydroponic area after being lifted by the water pump. The average water depth of the section of the ecological hydroponic area is at most 0.5 m. The farmland irrigation drainage is firstly converged into a drainage agricultural ditch and then lifted to a water distribution channel by a water pump, the farmland drainage enters the water distribution channel, then passes through the whole ecological water culture area through the ecological water culture wetland, is converged into a water collecting channel and then enters a clear water conservation area in a cross flow mode. The ecological hydroponic area is characterized in that a high land is arranged between the single wetlands, the width of the single wetlands is at least 6m, more than two rows of water-resistant trees are planted, and the maximum crown width of the trees is not more than 4 m.
2) Clear water conservation area
The average water depth of the clear water conservation area is not more than 0.2m, earthwork is enclosed on the periphery of the whole area, a square shallow pond with the maximum water depth of 0.5m is arranged in the clear water conservation area, the shallow pond and the shallow pond are separated by 3m, soil ditches are opened and connected, and farmland drainage passes through a multi-stage ecological water ploughing area and then enters the clear water conservation area in a cross flow mode; the effluent of the clear water conservation area is divided into two parts: one part is used as a spare water source of a farmland, and the other part enters the water forest area.
3) Forest on water
The average water depth of the forest region on water is not more than 0.2m, flood-resistant tree species are planted, and the periphery of the region is enclosed by earthwork. And the surplus earthwork is piled up at the periphery to form an ecological island, the elevation of the ecological island is about 2m higher than that of the periphery, the gradient is adjusted to be 10-15 degrees, and arbor forests are planted in the island and used for absorbing straws, aquatic plant residues and the like.
4) Forest wetland
Effluent water from the overwater forest region enters a forest wetland area, the average water depth is not more than 0.5m, the existing under-forest space is utilized for constructing the forest wetland, the earthwork is properly excavated on the basis of the existing drainage ditch in the ecological conservation forest, and the multistage composite type forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series is formed. Effluent water from the forest wetland area enters a river channel.
The forest wetland adopts a natural embankment, the edge bank is protected by hygrophytes, and an artificial pine pile is adopted to be vertical to the revetment in an area with more rapid and turbulent water flow; selecting local dominant emerging plants, floating leaves and submerged plants in the aspect of aquatic plants; the water-resistant arbor, shrub and herb are arranged in and around the area, and the maximum ecological benefit is achieved in the limited green area and the maximum landscape effect is achieved through the construction of a multi-level plant community combined by arbor, shrub and herb and the enclosure of the space by the original forest.
Examples
This example is for an area of 14.28 hectare, with 11.08 hectare arable land area, 1.39 hectare forest land area, 0.79 hectare other agricultural land, and the rest is the area of river surface. Most of vegetable fields and partial nursery gardens are in the area, the west side is originally a pool and is now a weed field, the current situation is low, no economic crops are planted, no irrigation and drainage facilities are provided, and about 100 mu of fine farmlands are formed through remediation; the eastern side is ecological conservation forest, which is adjacent to sunny river, the terrain is relatively flat, the forest looks are relatively single, the fir is taken as the main direction, the camphor tree and the metasequoia Yiyanglin are regularly planted in rows, and a small amount of bamboo forest is arranged in the riverside area. The construction process of each processing unit is as follows:
1) ecological hydroponic area
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the farmland drainage water is lifted by a water pump, enters an ecological hydroponic area, removes large-particle suspended substances and nutrients in the incoming water through the actions of ecological precipitation, plant absorption and the like, and then enters a clear water conservation area. According to the requirements of the terrain features and the purification function, the ecological hydroponic area is divided into three stages:
ecological hydroponic district I: the floor area is about 2000 m2The average water depth of the cross section is not more than 0.5m, and the normal water level is 3.5 m. Wherein the bottom elevation is 3.0m, the water surface elevation is 3.5m, the earth elevation at the periphery of the whole ecological hydroponic area I is 3.6m, and the water body in the area is ensured not to overflow. The drainage of the western-side fine farmland irrigation is firstly converged into the drainage agricultural ditch, the water level is about 2.90m, the drainage is lifted to the water distribution channel through the water pump, the farmland drainage passes through the whole ecological hydroponic area I through the transverse 4 parallel ecological hydroponic wetlands after entering the water distribution channel, and the farmland drainage enters the ecological hydroponic area II after being converged into the east water collection channel. Wherein the water inlet of the ecological hydroponic area I is provided with a water distribution channel in the north-south direction, the water distribution channel is connected with 4 ecological hydroponic wetlands which are connected in parallel, and the outlet is connected with a water collecting channel in the north-south direction; the width of the water distribution channel, the width of the ecological hydroponic wetland and the width of the water collecting channel are all 4 meters, the length of the water distribution channel is 35m, the length of the single ecological hydroponic wetland is 50m, and the length of the water collecting channel is 40m(ii) a The water distribution channel is directly connected with the ecological water-ploughed wetland in an evenly distributed manner, and the ecological water-ploughed wetland is connected with the water collecting channel through an open ditch with the length of 4m and the width of 0.4 m. 4 parallel ecological hydroponic wetlands all purify the water quality of the incoming water in an ecological floating island mode, wherein the floating island in the front half of the wetland is planted with dromey plantago herb and Siberian iris, and the floating island in the rear half of the wetland is planted with biological grid filler and micropore aeration; the water collecting channel also uses biological grid packing to further purify the effluent in the process of flowing to the ecological hydroponic area II.
Ecological hydroponic areas II and III: the land occupation area of the ecological hydroponic area II is 2400m2The average water depth is not more than 0.3m, the normal water level is 3.45m, the bottom elevation is 3.0m, the water surface elevation is 3.45m, and the earth elevation on the periphery of the whole area is 3.55 m; ecological hydroponic area III occupies 2300 m of area2The average water depth is not more than 0.3m, the normal water level is about 3.4m, the bottom elevation is 3.0m, the water surface elevation is 3.35m, and the earth elevation on the periphery of the whole area is 3.5 m. The effluent of the ecological hydroponic area I firstly flows into a water distribution channel of the ecological hydroponic area II, then passes through the whole ecological hydroponic area II through two lines of 4 ecological hydroponic wetlands connected in parallel, and enters the ecological hydroponic area III after converging into a water collecting channel on the north side. The water inlet of the ecological hydroponic area II is provided with an east-west water distribution channel which is connected with 4 ecological hydroponic wetlands connected in parallel, the 4 parallel water passing channels are respectively connected with 4 ecological hydroponic wetlands with the same size in series, and the outlet of the water passing channels is connected with a water collecting channel in the direction of east and west; the width of each of the water distribution channel, the ecological water-ploughed wetland and the water collecting channel is 4m, the length of each of the water distribution channels is 34m, the length of each single ecological water-ploughed wetland is 14m, and the length of each water collecting channel is 34 m; wherein the water distribution channel is connected with the ecological water culture areas, the ecological water culture areas connected in series and the ecological water culture areas and the water collecting channel through open ditches with the length of 4m and the width of 0.4 m. The area of the ecological hydroponic area III is close to that of the ecological hydroponic area II, the arrangement in the area is consistent, water flows out of the ecological hydroponic area II and enters the ecological hydroponic area III in the same mode, then flows through the ecological hydroponic area III in the same mode, and finally enters the clean water conservation area in a cross flow mode.
Planting vegetation of the shade-wet resistant land in shallow water and the near-shore area of the ecological hydroponic area: grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and Siberian iris are planted in the area with the water depth of more than 20cm, flowers are cultivated by utilizing the ecological floating island, and then flowers, droughts and the like are cultivated by water, and the incoming water is purified by the water cultivation plants, and meanwhile, certain agricultural economic benefit is obtained. The ecological hydroponic area has a high land between single wetlands, the width of the wetland is more than 6m, more than two rows of water-wet-resistant trees are planted, and the maximum crown width is 3-4 m.
2) Clear water conservation area
Referring to fig. 3, the occupation area of the clean water conservation area is 3200m2The average water depth is not more than 0.2m, the normal water level is maintained at about 3.35m, wherein the bottom elevation is 3.0m, the water surface elevation is 3.35m, and the earth elevation at the periphery of the whole area is 3.5 m. Is mainly used for conserving high-quality water sources and providing the function of the biological habitat. The farmland drainage water passes through the multi-stage ecological hydroponic area and then enters the clear water conservation area in a cross flow mode; the effluent of the clear water conservation area is divided into two parts: one part is used as a spare water source of a farmland, and the other part enters the water forest area. The clear water conservation area comprises two parts: the area of one side close to the farmland is 125m2In the overflow area, the farmland reserve water flows into a farmland ditch from the area through an overflow port, 20 shallow ponds of 4m multiplied by 4m are uniformly distributed in the remaining area, the depth of the shallow ponds is 0-35cm, water-logging-resistant herbaceous plants, redrawing flowers, allium fistulosum, droughhaired camptotheca and the like are planted in the shallow water of 0-20cm, and the bitter herbs are planted in the deeper part of 20-40 cm.
3) Forest area on water
The land occupation area of the forest region on water is 2500m2The average water depth is not more than 0.2m, the bottom elevation is 3.1m, the water surface elevation is 3.3m, and the peripheral elevation of the area is 3.5 m. Referring to fig. 4, an ecological island with a slope of 10 degrees is formed by stacking surplus earthwork at the periphery, the maximum elevation is 6m, and trees are planted in the ecological island and used for absorbing straws, aquatic plant residues and the like. Planting flooding-resistant tree species in the water forest area, forming a free water surface through appropriate depth digging and enclosing, and controlling the water depth to be within 20 cm. The forest variety is selected from pond fir with better water resistance, and the spatial layering is increased through the change of light and shadow. Set up current wooden trestle under the forest, build ecological child care education district.
4) Forest wetland area
The effluent water of the overwater forest region enters a forest wetland area with the occupied area of 23000m2The average water depth is not more than 0.5m, wherein the ground elevation is 3.5m, the canal bottom elevation is 3.0, and the water surface markHeight 3.3 m. Referring to fig. 5, the forest wetland construction utilizes the existing under-forest space, takes the existing drainage channels in the ecological self-supporting forest as the basis, and properly excavates earthwork to form the multistage composite forest wetland formed by connecting the pond and the reed wetland in series.
Selectively reserving the species of water-moisture resistance based on the existing tree species, reseeding water-moisture-resistant trees such as Chinese ash, Chinese tallow and the like in the region of the arbor intertidal wetland in the periphery of the intertidal wetland, reseeding water-moisture-resistant and yin-loving shrubs in the shrub region, planting and reseeding tree species such as pond fir, larch and the like which are suitable for water edge and growth in water, and simultaneously carrying out nursery stock transformation under the forest; emergent aquatic plants such as Thalia flower and Ecliptae herba are planted in 0-20cm shallow water region of the forest wetland, cold-resistant dwarf tape grass is planted in a depth of 20-40cm, and a plurality of series-connected small biological habitats are built. And part of the effluent of the forest wetland area enters a peripheral river channel.
The system of the invention is already in operation, and during the operation of the system, the main indexes are as follows: average daily treated water amount of the system is 500m3Above (maximum daily treatment of 1000m in rainstorm period)3And d, when exceeding, the water is discharged outside), the water quality of the discharged water reaches the standard of more than V class of surface water, the biological diversity is improved by more than 10 percent, and the quantity of tadpoles, dragonfly larvae and the like in the coastal habitat in the growing period is increased by more than 15 percent.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (4)
1. The wet compound ecological clean system of agriculture and forestry which characterized in that, this system includes:
several-stage ecological hydroponic area
Wetland and ditches are distributed in the area, high land is arranged between the single wetland and the wetland, the width of the single wetland is at least 6m, and water-proof arbor trees are planted; the depth of the water of the regional section is at most 0.5m, the inflow water comes from farmland drainage, the surface layer of the water is provided with a floating bed, aquatic cash crops are planted, and large particle suspended substances and nutrient substances in the inflow water are removed through ecological precipitation and plant absorption;
the ecological hydroponic areas are in a plurality of stages, and all the ecological hydroponic areas are communicated in sequence;
clear water conservation area
Connecting a final-stage ecological hydroponic area, enclosing the peripheral earthwork of the area, excavating a shallow pool to form a space capable of storing water by using the space under the forest, wherein the water depth is at most 0.5m, and planting shade-resistant hygrophytes and aquatic plants in the shallow pool; the inlet water comes from the final-stage ecological hydroponic area, the outlet water is divided into two parts, one part is used as a spare water source of the farmland, and the other part enters the next area;
forest area on water
Connecting a clean water conservation area, wherein inflow water comes from part of outflow water of the clean water conservation area, the periphery of the area is enclosed by earthwork, flooding-resistant tree species are planted in the area, shallow pond wetlands with the water depth of at least 0.3m are arranged, the shallow ponds are connected by grooves, the periphery of the shallow pond is piled up to form an ecological island, arbor forests are planted in the ecological island, and the forests are used for absorbing straws and aquatic plant residues; the elevation of the ecological island is 2m higher than the periphery of the ecological island, and the gradient is adjusted to 10-15 degrees;
forest wetland area
Connecting the water forest zones, leading the effluent of the water forest zones to enter a wet area in a forest, leading the average water depth to be at most 0.5m, utilizing the space under the forest, taking an in-forest drainage ditch as a basis, and being suitable for excavating earthwork to form a multistage composite type forest wetland formed by connecting a pond and a reed wetland in series; the forest wetland adopts a natural embankment, the edge bank is protected by hygrophytes, and an artificial pine pile is adopted to be vertical to the revetment at the turbulent section of water flow; part of the regional effluent enters the riverway, and the other part of the regional effluent provides a farmland irrigation water source.
2. The agricultural and forestry wet composite ecological purification system according to claim 1, wherein the ecological hydroponic area, the clear water conservation area, the aquatic forest area and the wet area in the forest are sequentially connected by a ditch, farmland drainage water is lifted by a water pump and then sequentially flows through the ecological hydroponic area and the clear water conservation area to obtain purification, part of purified effluent water is supplied to the farmland, and the rest of purified effluent water continuously sequentially flows through the aquatic forest area and the wet area in the forest and is discharged into a peripheral river channel after further purification.
3. The agroforestry wet composite ecological purification system, according to claim 1, wherein the hygrophytes are local emergent aquatic plants with negative tolerance and water purification effect, and comprise reed, redroot flower, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and droughhaired bevel grass; the aquatic plants are local submerged plants with negative resistance and water quality purification effects, and comprise tape grass and watermifoil; the aquatic cash crops are cash crops which can be cultivated on the water surface, such as cress, water spinach and the like.
4. The agroforestry wet composite ecological purification system according to claim 1, wherein water-resistant trees, shrubs and herbs are arranged in and around the system area to construct a multi-level plant community combining trees, shrubs and herbs.
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| CN114438953A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-06 | 复旦大学 | Method for improving ecological suitability of birds in intertidal zone spartina alterniflora invasion area |
| CN115067105A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-20 | 华东师范大学 | Ecological pool system with pollution control and emission reduction effects and construction method thereof |
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