CN106638512A - Plain river-net area farmland non-point source pollution whole-process ecological control network system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Plain river-net area farmland non-point source pollution whole-process ecological control network system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106638512A CN106638512A CN201610884338.7A CN201610884338A CN106638512A CN 106638512 A CN106638512 A CN 106638512A CN 201610884338 A CN201610884338 A CN 201610884338A CN 106638512 A CN106638512 A CN 106638512A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
A plain river-net area farmland non-point source pollution whole-process ecological control network system comprises field parcels, ecological ridges, ecological ditches, an ecological pond, a forest wet land, a river front reservoir and the like. The ecological ridges are distributed between the field parcels. Drained water enters the ecological ditches through field parcel drainage openings, finally passes through the tail ends of the ecological ditches, passes through the ecological pond and the forest wet land to enter a river and a shoreland vegetation buffer strand, is converged into the front reservoir and finally is converged into a lake or a reservoir. According to the farmland ecological control network system, by means of overall planning and layout of the face of the interior of the system and the joint action of physics, chemistry and biology, farmland non-point source pollutants hard to reduce are removed to the maximum degree, and farmland non-point source pollution control is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Agro-ecological Engineering technical field, and in particular to a kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution system-wide
Footpath Ecological Control system and its construction method.
Background technology
As industrial pollution and urban life pollution control are progressively effectively controlled, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, particularly agriculture
Field pollution of area source, is increasingly becoming the major obstacles of restriction China's modern agriculture and the sustainable development of socio-economy.Data according to statistics,
At present various field-crops only have respectively 40～50%, 30～40% and to the average utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for China
10～20%, the agricultural chemicals for spraying has 40～60% to drop to ground.These are not utilized and remain in the countryside tax system in soil
Product enter river Hu Ku under rainfall or irrigation effect by approach such as agricultural surface runoff, agricultural drain, underground leakages, make
Into serious water pollution.Therefore, how to efficiently control agricultural non -point pollution has become the important of current water environment protection
Task.
" source-stream-remittance " three generations and developing stage according to agricultural non -point pollution, it is total that agricultural non -point pollution is administered
Body thinking should carry out gradual control from source, process and terminal three phases.Wherein, because of the diffusion mobility process of area source pollutants
Complicated and influence factor is various, and process control is the control stage most complicated, most difficult in the industry controlling area-source pollution of farmland.Farmland
Pollution of area source process control mainly has two links：One is the money of farmland ecosystem partially or fully " useful " polluter
Sourceization is recycled, and major technique includes ecological ridge, biological hedge, ecological intercepting buffer strip etc.；Two are difficult to effectively for some
The agricultural non -point pollution thing of physics interception is carried out, the ecological engineerings such as ecological canal, ecological water-locking effect, artificial swamp are built, is led to
Cross the synergy of physics, chemistry and biology, the agricultural non -point pollution thing of maximized removal hardly possible minimizing.Therefore, in order to most
Bigization cuts down the agricultural non -point pollution thing during being lost in, and the ecology of correlation farthest should be laid in two above link
Technical measures.But the existing ecological technique for agricultural non -point pollution process control is laid, mostly just for farmland face source
Pollute and be controlled improvements from producing to some or the several processes into river, Hu Ku, shortage complete set it is excessively program control
Technical system processed.Wherein, pollutant resource recycle link, using technical measures in most of vegetable material one
Directly there is a problem of that pollutant absorbs storage capability little and using cycle is short；Also, the laying of these technical measures is confined to " point "
Or " line ", lack the pool layout from farmland ecosystem inside " face ", it is impossible to be internally formed face source in farmland ecosystem
The networking and systematization of pollution course control, reduces the pollution of area source control effect of the link.Physics, change in pollutant
Learn and bio combined processing links, for the vegetable material selection aspect of eco-pond and artificial swamp, lack humidogene arbor tree
The configuration planted.
The content of the invention
In the present invention, term " farmland " refers to agricultural production land used, the field cultivated, including but not limited to plant grain
Food Zuo Wu ﹑ industrial crops (oil crops, vegetable crop, flowers, herbage, fruit tree), insutrial crop, forage crop, Chinese medicine
The soil or field of material；Preferably, referring to large quantities of can grow up to or large area results, for the planting ground of profit or grain ration
(such as grain, vegetables, cotton, flax etc.)；It is highly preferred that referring to rice cultivation, corn, beans, potato class, highland barley, broad bean, little
Wheat, oilseeds, turnip, big mustard, peanut, flax, hemp, sunflower, radish, Chinese cabbage, celery, leek, garlic, green onion, carrot, snake melon,
The field or soil of lotus flower dish, jerusalem artichoke, sword bean, coriander, asparagus lettuce, chrysanthemum, capsicum, cucumber, tomato, caraway etc..
In the present invention, term " field " is equal to " farmland ", and the area or size, shape to field or farmland is without spy
Other requirement, it is preferable that field of the present invention or farmland include：
Terraced fields：On hilly and mountainous land, the farmland in field face into a ladder is warded off into hillside fields along contour..
Dam ground：In raceway groove, repair the method Littoral Barrier such as weir using building a dam and become silted up the farmland for.
Pingba field：Agriculture on intermountain basin middle part, the alluvial flat in open river valley and terrace, or lakeside alluvial plain
Field.
Rush field：Farmland on the valley floor of hills or intermountain relatively narrower, right physical features is followed the mandate of heaven to open Pingba from ditch valley head
The farmland of river valley fanning.
Low-lying paddy field：In the Low land area in rivers and lakes alluvial plain, the farmland that fill is enclosed and cultivated.
Bar field：The farmland of some rectangle fields being divided into inside farmland.
Paddy field：Ridge has been built, can be with the normal retainings of Jing, to the farmland for planting aquatic crops.
Irrigated land：There are water source and irrigating facility, the farmland that can be irrigated.
Nonirrigated farmland：Without irrigating facility, by the farmland of natural rainfall raise crop.
Raised fields：Above ground level, surrounding has the field of ditch, shape such as mesa-shaped.
Or more field combination or deformation.
Preferably, field of the present invention or farmland select the field of the smooth plato and hill of plains region or physical features.
In the present invention term " ridge " refers to demarcate and safeguard the ridge of field retaining；
In the present invention, term " irrigation canals and ditches " refers to the water channel dug for irrigation or draining.Term " farm ditch, Dou Gou, branch canal,
Trunk canal " refers to the division according to irrigation canal system, by irrigation canals at different levels and the water channel that water channel road is constituted is moved back (let out), by control area
Size and water operation level can be divided into farm ditch, Dou Gou, trunk canal, branch canal level Four irrigation canal again.
In the present invention term " ecological pool " or " artificial pool " refer to by original ecological canal end dig it is big, dig it is deep and
It is soil, sand, coal ash, gravel etc. into, pool base matter, pool periphery kind planting submerged plant and water plant, pool slope is using slurry
Building concrete；Preferably, present invention ecology pool is deep about 2m, if water inlet, delivery port, irrigation mouth and gap are each 1,
Entery and delivery port respectively be connected into and out of ditch, gap is located at An Ding appropriate locations, and lower section sets spilling water irrigation canals and ditches, and Na Shui is received in connection
Body；Spilling water irrigation canals and ditches adopt artificial swamp form, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops growing area, deep about 0.5m；
Using existing sewerage, connect neighbouring artificial pool, constitute artificial (water) pool canal-wet land system, ditch width of the channel about 0.8m,
Canal bank inner side high about 0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m along the river, deep about 0.5m builds parabolic cross section, and uses soil compaction.
Term " forest wetland " or " close-to-natural management wetland " are referred to and formed greatly by the extension of ecological pool, digging in the present invention,
Host material is original soil, plants water-fast wet arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, and bank protection adopts not joint filling stone masonry.
Term " short filling grass plant " refer to those there is no obvious trunk, in the short and small trees of epidemic situation comparison of growing thickly and draft
Plant, including it is short and small and grow thickly, perennial xylophyta, confierophyte, wormwood artemisia class plant etc.；Preferably, it is of the invention " low
It is short to fill careless plant " include rose, cuckoo, tree peony, barberry, Chinese littleleaf box, Sabina vulgaris, procumbent juniper, the capsule of weeping forsythia, winter jasmine, Chinese rose, the twigs of the chaste tree, jasmine
Jasmine, salix monogolica；
Term " industrial crops " refers to there is economic worth, the crops of specific economic use, including vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers, fruit
Product, it is preferable that industrial crops include fibre crops (cotton, crudefiber crop, silkworm and mulberry), oil crops (peanut, rape, sesame in the present invention
Fiber crops, soybean, sunflower, olive), sugar crop (beet, sugarcane), beverage crops (tealeaves, coffee, cocoa), hobby crop (cigarette
Leaf), medicinal crop (ginseng, glossy ganoderma, the bulb of fritillary) etc..
Soil pick-up ability is strong in the present invention or water-fast wet plant, including arbor class：It is wet-land pine tree (Pinus elliottii), thin
Shell hickory nut (Carya illinoensis), Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum), Chinese toon (Toona sinensis), sweetgum
(Liquidambarformosana Hance), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Acer negundo. L (Acer negundo Linn.),
Water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), eel bamboo (Eelbamboo) etc.；Shrub：Hibiscus hamabo (Hibiscus hamabo), stone
Nanmu (Photinia serrulata), anistree (Illicium verum), matrimony vine (Lycium spp.), winter jasmine (Jasminum
Nudiflorum), fishscale bamboo (Cyperus alternifolius) etc.；Herbage flower：Canna (Canna indica), iris
(Iris tectorum), Hipeastrum vittalum (L Her.) Herb.- Amaryllisvittata Ait (Hippeastrum rutilum), short-tube lycoris (Lycoris radiata) etc.；Ground quilt：It is local
Based on Wild groundcover plant.
Water plant refer to can in water growing plants, including emergent aquactic plant, floatingleaved plant, submerged plant and floating are planted
Thing and hygrophyte；Preferably, emergent aquactic plant includes but is not limited to lotus, bowl lotus, reed, cattail, wild rice, Scirpus tabernaemontani, giantreed, water
Bamboo, calamus, cattail and reed, black Mitsubishi etc.；Floatingleaved plant includes but is not limited to the raw bog pondweed of spring, potamogeton malaianus, water lily, wanders without a fixed dwelling
Grass, floating heart, water caltrop, Gorgon fruit, Wang Lian etc.；Hygrophyte includes but is not limited to canna, mullet grass, Lythrum salicaria, thaliadeabata, aquatic
Iris, smartweed, Chinese pennisetum, the stem or leaf of cattail, rhizoma alismatis etc. are suitable to waterside growing plants；Fluitante includes but is not limited to duckweed, the purple back of the body
The plants such as duckweed, Water hyacinth, great Piao.
Submerged plant (Submergedplants) refers to that plant is entirely located in below water layer the large-scale water for seeking set existence
Plant.Including but not limited to watermifoil, silk leaf bog pondweed, wear leaf bog pondweed, ottelia cordata, edible seaweed flower, extra large calamus, eel grass, gold
Fish algae, dragon's tongue, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, black algae.
To solve problem above, the present invention proposes a kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process ecological network control
System and its construction method, substantially to cut down the pollutant during agricultural non -point pollution, ensure the water of Water Net Plain District
Safety.
I.e. the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net
Network system, including it is field, ecological ridge, ecological canal, ecological pool, forest wetland, river, shore bank vegetation buffer strip, preposition
Storehouse, lake or reservoir, wherein laying ecological ridge between described field, the draining of the field is entered by field discharge outlet
The ecological canal, after eventually passing the end of the ecological canal, enters through the ecological pool and the forest wetland
The shore bank vegetation buffer strip is built in the river, the river two sides, imports the described of lake, reservoir or river end setting
Front damming, or lake or reservoir are directly imported, or return to the ecological pool.
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, institute
State ecological canal preferably include ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological canal, ecological branch canal it is at least one or several；Preferably,
The ecological canal of the present invention is ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological canal, ecological branch canal, and the draining of the field passes through field
Block discharge outlet is to sequentially enter ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal into the order of ecological canal；It is more excellent
Selection of land, the ecological canal of the present invention is ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, by the end of original ecological canal
Dig big, digging and form ecological pool deeply；It is highly preferred that the ecological canal of the present invention be ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological
Canal, digs the end of original ecological canal big, digging and shapes deeply, expands to ecological pool, then is extended by ecological pool, dug
Forest wetland is formed greatly.
Wherein, ecological farm ditch of the present invention and the ecological bucket ditch adopt the inverted trapezoidal groove of soil property bottom of trench, bottom of trench kind
Plant well developed root system, soil pick-up ability are strong, water-fast wet plant；The cross section of ecological branch canal and ecological canal is inverted trapezoidal.
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, also
It is provided with concrete hexagon hollow block；The under-filled mold of the concrete hexagon hollow block, top pave
Rubble, the water-fast wet plant of interior plantation of concrete hexagon hollow block.
It is highly preferred that being provided with coagulation in ecological farm ditch of the present invention, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal
Soil hexagon hollow block processed；The concrete hexagon hollow block is layed in the ditch of the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch
Wall；And it is layed in Qu Bi and the canal bottom of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal, the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch
Planting aquatic plants in concrete hexagon hollow block below canal bottom and canal wall ordinary water level, coagulation more than canal wall ordinary water level
The water-fast wet filling grass plant of plantation in soil hexagon hollow block processed, and the setting check dam that is spaced a distance.
It is highly preferred that in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention,
The concrete hexagon hollow block is also provided at field discharge outlet and imports ecological farm ditch mouth, the ecological bucket ditch of ecological farm ditch remittance
Mouthful, ecological bucket ditch imports ecological branch canal mouth, ecological branch canal mouth and imports ecological canal mouth, ecological canal mouth and import ecological pool, gloomy
Woods wetland, forest wetland import river mouth, river and import front damming mouth, front damming remittance Hu Kukou.
Preferably, ecological ridge of the present invention, carries out adding including the soil using ridge both sides field to original ridge
Gu, increase, widen construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, the solid soil short filling that effect is good, soil pick-up ability is strong grass plant or economical make
Thing.
Soil pick-up ability is strong in the present invention, water-fast wet plant selection is not particularly limited, and can suitablely be fitted based on seeds
Tree, water-fast moisture performance, while adsorbing the ability of pollutant also in relation with seeds；
Preferably, described field discharge outlet is laid on ecological ridge, and positioned at the field inner side board plug type water is laid
Lock, lays concrete hexagon hollow block and plants that soil pick-up ability is strong, water-fast wet plant after the gate.
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, institute
State ecological pool original ecological canal end dig it is big, dig it is deep form, pool base matter is soil, sand, coal ash, gravel etc., the pool
Periphery kind planting submerged plant and water plant, pool slope adopts and grouts concrete；
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, institute
The forest wetland stated digs big, extension and forms after ecological pool by ecological pool, and host material is original soil, is planted water-fast
Wet arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, bank protection adopts not joint filling stone masonry；
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, institute
The shore bank vegetation buffer strip stated includes that the tall filling grass that the geonet vegetation slope pavement of toe to ordinary water level, ordinary water level to slope are pushed up is combined and matches somebody with somebody
Vegetational zone is put, the vegetable material of described geonet vegetation slope pavement selects the strong submerged plant of well developed root system, soil pick-up ability, floating leaf
Plant, emergent aquactic plant, the described tall vegetable material for filling careless complex configuration vegetational zone is using well developed root system, soil pick-up ability be strong, scape
See the good water-fast wet arbor of effect, shrub and herbaceous plant；
Preferably, in the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention, institute
It is former that the front damming stated is disposed on the small pieces of the lake, the reservoir or the bayou Jing after the interception of ecological intercepting band
Aqua region, ecological intercepting band mainly configures, chemical absorbing preferable to pollutional load physical absorption precipitation in water and converts preferably
Emergent aquactic plant.
It is highly preferred that the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the present invention is also wrapped
Depth shelter-forest is included, the depth shelter-forest is built in the loss path of agricultural non -point pollution thing, builds with soil pick-up
Based on the strong ecological forest of ability, tall fill the shelter-forest that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass and flowers combine
Band.
Another aspect of the present invention, is to provide a kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network
The construction method of system, comprises the following steps：
Step 1)：Determine agricultural non -point pollution process control area；
Step 2)：Build ecological ridge and build agricultural protection forest；
Step 3)：Build ecological canal；
Step 4)：Build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system；
Step 5)：Build shore bank vegetation buffer strip；
Step 6)：Build the front damming of ecological pool or reservoir.
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 1) described in agricultural non -point pollution process control area be included in Planting Crops or vegetable in Plain River Network Areas
The agricultural producing areas of dish；
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 2) described in build ecological ridge and be included in the agricultural non -point pollution process control area, to original field
The ridge is reinforced, is increased, being widened construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, the solid soil short filling that effect is good and soil pick-up ability is strong grass plant
Or industrial crops；The construction agricultural protection forest includes building based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability, tall fill grass and flowers phase
With reference to perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics lose path shelter belt.
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 3) described in build ecological canal be included on the basis of the irrigation canals and ditches of raw water barrier, using have physical absorption work(
The ecomaterial of energy is reinforced to irrigation canals and ditches, both sides configuration hygrophyte, wherein the ecomaterial bag of the physical absorption function
Include zeolite, cinder etc.；
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 4) described in build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system include it is excellent using the landform in network of rivers area itself
Gesture, with reference to the flow direction of runoff water body, in the appropriate position of ecological canal, arranges ecological pool, ecological water side of a pond slope set up it is near from
Right Forest Evolution System；
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, wherein the ecological water pool is deep about 2m, and if water inlet, delivery port, irrigation mouth and gap are each 1, entery and delivery port difference
Be connected into and out of ditch, gap is located at An Ding appropriate locations, and lower section sets spilling water irrigation canals and ditches, connects receiving water body；Spilling water irrigation canals and ditches are adopted
Artificial swamp form is used, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops growing area, deep about 0.5m；Using existing irrigation canals and ditches
System, connects neighbouring artificial pool, constitutes artificial pool canal-wet land system, and ditch width of the channel about 0.8m, canal bank inner side is high along the river
About 0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m, deep about 0.5m, build parabolic cross section, and use soil compaction；
The forest wetland system is to plant landscape type herbaceous plant in the artificial pool side slope, and in wherein suitably dissipating
Plant or group planting builds close-to-natural management system.
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 5) described in build shore bank vegetation buffer strip include be located at river, reservoir, the vegetation area of lake shore bank, institute
State vegetation select in indigenous plant can water-fast wet, well-grown, can expand more stablely population quantity, show it is certain
Ornamental value, the plant variety with Ecological regulation services and water and soil conservation function.
Preferably, the construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of the invention
In, the step 6) described in build pool or reservoir front damming to be included in river, lake, reservoir porch allocation scale relative
Less waters；And implement Water warfare measure in the waters, so can inhale while the silt of water entrainment is precipitated
Receive conversion and fall a part of nitrogen and phosphorus thing, play a part of effectively to reduce external source organic pollution load.
Description of the drawings
Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution Ecological Control schematic flow sheet in Fig. 1 one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, providing a kind of full mistake of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution in one embodiment of the invention
The journey Ecological Control network system, including field, ecological ridge, ecological canal, ecological pool, forest wetland, river, shore bank vegetation
Buffer strip, front damming, lake or reservoir, wherein laying ecological ridge between described field, the draining of the field passes through field
Block discharge outlet enters the ecological canal, after eventually passing the end of the ecological canal, through the ecological pool and described
Forest wetland enters the river, and the shore bank vegetation buffer strip is built in the river two sides, imports lake, reservoir or river end
The front damming that end is arranged, or lake or reservoir are directly imported, or return to the ecological pool.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal include ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal,
At least one of ecological canal.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal include ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal,
At least two kinds of ecological canal.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal include ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal,
At least three kinds of ecological canal.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal include ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal,
Ecological canal；And the draining of the field by field discharge outlet into ecological canal order for sequentially enter ecological farm ditch,
Ecology bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch are terraced using falling for soil property bottom of trench
Shape groove, bottom of trench plantation well developed root system, soil pick-up ability are strong, water-fast wet plant；The ecological branch canal and ecological canal it is cross-section
Face is inverted trapezoidal；
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal is ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, and
Big, digging is dug into the end of original ecological canal and is shaped as the ecological water pool deeply, wherein the pool base matter on the ecological water pool
For soil, sand, coal ash, gravel etc., pool periphery kind planting submerged plant and water plant, pool slope is using grouting concrete；
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal is ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, and
Ecological pool extension, digging form greatly forest wetland, wherein the host material of the forest wetland is original soil, plant water-fast wet
Arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, bank protection adopts not joint filling stone masonry.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the Ecological Control network system, it is additionally provided with concrete hexagonal
Shape hollow block；The under-filled mold of the concrete hexagon hollow block, top pave rubble, concrete hexagon
The water-fast wet plant of interior plantation of hollow block；
Wherein, the concrete hexagon hollow block for be arranged at the ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal,
In ecological canal；
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the concrete hexagon hollow block be layed in the ecological farm ditch and
The furrow bank of the ecological bucket ditch；And it is layed in Qu Bi and the canal bottom of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal, the ecological farm ditch
With planting aquatic plants, canal wall in the concrete hexagon hollow block below the canal bottom of the ecological bucket ditch and canal wall ordinary water level
The water-fast wet filling grass plant of plantation in concrete hexagon hollow block more than ordinary water level, and water is blocked in the setting that is spaced a distance
Dam；
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the concrete hexagon hollow block is also provided at the remittance of field discharge outlet
Enter ecological farm ditch mouth, ecological farm ditch import the ecological bucket exit or entrance of a clitch, ecological bucket ditch import ecological branch canal mouth, ecological branch canal mouth import it is ecological
Trunk canal mouth, ecological canal mouth import ecological pool, forest wetland, forest wetland and import river mouth, river and import front damming mouth, front
Put storehouse and import Hu Kukou.
In another embodiment of the present invention, described ecological ridge, including using ridge both sides field soil to original
There is ridge to be reinforced, increase, widening construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, the solid soil short filling that effect is good, soil pick-up ability is strong grass are planted
Thing or industrial crops；Wherein, described field discharge outlet is laid on ecological ridge, and positioned at the field inner side board plug type is laid
Sluice, lays concrete hexagon hollow block and plants that soil pick-up ability is strong, water-fast wet plant after the gate；
Described shore bank vegetation buffer strip includes Qiao that the geonet vegetation slope pavement of toe to ordinary water level, ordinary water level to slope are pushed up
Careless complex configuration vegetational zone is filled, the vegetable material of described geonet vegetation slope pavement sinks from well developed root system, soil pick-up ability are strong
Water plant, floatingleaved plant, emergent aquactic plant, the described tall vegetable material for filling careless complex configuration vegetational zone is using well developed root system, suction
Dirty ability is strong, landscape effect is good water-fast wet arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, described front damming is disposed on the lake, the reservoir or described
A small pieces raw water region of the bayou Jing after the interception of ecological intercepting band, ecological intercepting band is mainly configured to pollutional load in water
Physical absorption precipitation is preferable, chemical absorbing conversion preferably emergent aquactic plant.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the Ecological Control network system also includes depth shelter-forest, described vertical
Deep shelter-forest builds in the loss path of agricultural non -point pollution thing, building based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability,
Qiao fills the shelter belt that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass and flowers combine.
In another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control is additionally provided
The construction method of the network system, comprises the following steps：
Step 1)：Determine agricultural non -point pollution process control area；
Step 2)：Build ecological ridge and build agricultural protection forest；
Step 3)：Build ecological canal；
Step 4)：Build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system；
Step 5)：Build shore bank vegetation buffer strip；
Step 6)：Build the front damming of ecological pool or reservoir.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the step 1) described in agricultural non -point pollution process control area bag
Include the agricultural producing areas of Planting Crops or vegetables in Plain River Network Areas；
The step 2) described in build ecological ridge and be included in the agricultural non -point pollution process control area, to original
There is ridge to be reinforced, increase, widening construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, the solid soil short filling that effect is good and soil pick-up ability is strong grass
Plant or industrial crops；The construction agricultural protection forest includes building based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability, tall fill grass and flower
The shelter belt that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass combines.
The step 3) described in build ecological canal be included on the basis of the irrigation canals and ditches of raw water barrier, using with physics inhale
The ecomaterial of attached function is reinforced to irrigation canals and ditches, both sides configuration hygrophyte, wherein the ecological material of the physical absorption function
Material includes zeolite, cinder etc.；
In another embodiment of the present invention, the step 4) described in build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled systemes
System is included using the network of rivers area geographical advantage of itself, with reference to the flow direction of runoff water body, in the appropriate position of ecological canal, arranges people
Work pool, pool side slope sets up close-to-natural management system；
The wherein described ecological water pool is deep about 2m, if water inlet, delivery port, irrigation mouth and gap are each 1, water-in and water-out
Mouth respectively be connected into and out of ditch, gap is located at An Ding appropriate locations, and lower section sets spilling water irrigation canals and ditches, connection receiving water body；Spilling water
Irrigation canals and ditches adopt artificial swamp form, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops growing area, deep about 0.5m；Using existing
There is sewerage, connect neighbouring artificial pool, constitute artificial pool canal-wet land system, ditch width of the channel about 0.8m, canal bank inner side
Along the river high about 0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m, deep about 0.5m, build parabolic cross section, and use soil compaction；
The forest wetland system is to plant landscape type herbaceous plant in the artificial pool side slope, and in wherein suitably dissipating
Plant or group planting builds close-to-natural management system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the step 5) described in build shore bank vegetation buffer strip include be located at river
Stream, reservoir, the vegetation area of lake shore bank, the vegetation select in indigenous plant can water-fast wet, well-grown, can compare
Stably expand population quantity, show certain ornamental value, the plant with Ecological regulation services and water and soil conservation function
Kind.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the step 6) described in build the front damming of pool or reservoir, including
In the relatively small waters of He Hu, reservoir porch allocation scale, and implement Water warfare measure in the waters.
In another embodiment of the present invention, another kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process life is additionally provided
State controlling network system, including farmland, ridge, shelter-forest, irrigation canals and ditches, pool, wetland, river course and reservoir, inside described farmland
Ecological ridge and shelter belt are laid, an irrigation canals and ditches is laid between farmland and farmland, between farmland and farmland, between fish pond and fish pond
Or an irrigation canals and ditches is provided between farmland and fish pond, rainfall runoff enters an irrigation canals and ditches by the irrigation canals and ditches mouth in farmland and fish pond, then divides
Tap drain canal is not pooled to it by an irrigation canals and ditches；Flood storage ecological pond, flood storage ecological pond are provided between the end and river course of tap drain canal
Entrance river course at be provided with into river culvert, the porch for entering river culvert is provided with clough.
In another embodiment of the present invention, another Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process life is additionally provided
State controlling network system, including field, ecological ridge, ecological canal, ecological pool, forest wetland, river, shore bank vegetation buffering
Band, front damming, lake or reservoir, lay ecological ridge between described field, the draining of the field passes through field discharge outlet
Into the ecological canal, after eventually passing the end of the ecological canal, through the ecological pool and the forest wetland
Into the river, the shore bank vegetation buffer strip is built in the river two sides, imports the river of the lake or the reservoir
End arranges the front damming.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological canal of the described Ecological Control network system includes ecological agriculture
Ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal, the draining of the field enters ecological canal for ecology by field discharge outlet
Farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal are sequentially entered.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological farm ditch of the described Ecological Control network system and ecological bucket ditch are adopted
With the inverted trapezoidal groove of soil property bottom of trench, bottom of trench plantation well developed root system, soil pick-up ability are strong, water-fast wet plant；Furrow bank lays coagulation
Soil hexagon hollow block processed, the under-filled mold of the concrete hexagon hollow block hollow position, top pave rubble,
The water-fast wet plant of plantation in hollow block；It is domatic that the setting that is spaced a distance grouts cobble fixing.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal is inverted trapezoidal, canal
Wall and canal bottom laying concrete hexagon hollow block, the under-filled mold of hexagonal block hollow position, top pave rubble, canal
The water-fast wet filling of plantation in planting aquatic plants in hollow block below bottom and canal wall ordinary water level, hollow block more than canal wall ordinary water level
Careless plant, and the setting check dam that is spaced a distance.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, in the described Ecological Control network system of the present invention, the ecological control
The network system processed is provided with concrete hexagon hollow block, and the concrete hexagon hollow block is arranged at field discharge outlet
Import ecology farm ditch mouth, the ecological bucket exit or entrance of a clitch of ecological farm ditch remittance, the ecological branch canal mouth of ecology bucket ditch remittance, ecological branch canal mouth remittance life
State pool, forest wetland, forest wetland import river mouth, river and import front damming mouth, front damming remittance Hu Kukou；The coagulation
The under-filled mold of soil hexagon hollow block processed, top pave rubble, and the interior plantation of concrete hexagon hollow block is resistance to
The wet plant of water.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, in the described Ecological Control network system of the invention, described ecology
Ridge is using the soil of ridge both sides field original ridge to be reinforced, increased, widening construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, solid
Native effect is good, soil pick-up ability is strong short filling grass plant or industrial crops；
In another embodiment of the present invention, described field discharge outlet is laid on ecological ridge, positioned at the field
Board plug type sluice is laid in block inner side, concrete hexagon hollow block is laid after the gate and to plant soil pick-up ability strong, water-fast
Wet plant；
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the Ecological Control network system of the present invention, described ecological water
The pool original trunk canal end dig it is big, dig it is deep form, pool base matter is soil, sand, coal ash, gravel etc., the heavy water of pool periphery plantation
Plant and water plant, pool slope adopts and grouts concrete；
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the Ecological Control network system of the present invention, described forest is wet
Ground digs big, extension and forms after ecological pool by ecological pool, and host material is original soil, plants water-fast wet arbor, filling
Wood and herbaceous plant, bank protection adopts not joint filling stone masonry；
In another embodiment of the present invention, shore bank vegetation buffer strip of the present invention includes toe to ordinary water level
Geonet vegetation slope pavement, ordinary water level to slope push up it is tall fill careless complex configuration vegetational zone, the plant of described geonet vegetation slope pavement
Material selection well developed root system, soil pick-up ability strong submerged plant floatingleaved plant, emergent aquactic plant, the described tall grass complex configuration that fills is delayed
The vegetable material for rushing band adopts well developed root system, the water-fast wet arbor that soil pick-up ability is strong, landscape effect is good, shrub and herbaceous plant；
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the Ecological Control network system of the present invention, described front damming
The small pieces raw water region of river lake, reservoir entrance Jing after ecological intercepting is disposed on, ecological intercepting band is mainly configured in water
Pollutional load physical absorption precipitation is preferable, chemical absorbing conversion preferably emergent aquactic plant；It is highly preferred that the emergent aquactic plant includes
Purple willow (Salix integra), thaliadeabata (Thalia dealbata) etc..
In another embodiment of the present invention, the Ecological Control network system of the present invention is also protected including farmland
Woods, the agricultural protection forest is built in the loss path of agricultural non -point pollution thing, is built with the strong life of soil pick-up ability
Based on state woods, tall fill the shelter belt that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass and flowers combine.
In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network
The construction method of system, comprises the following steps：
Step 1)：Determine agricultural non -point pollution process control area；
Step 2)：Build ecological ridge and build agricultural protection forest；
Step 3)：Build ecological canal；
Step 4)：Build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system；
Step 5)：Build shore bank vegetation buffer strip；
Step 6)：Build lake or reservoir front damming.
In another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 1) described in agricultural non -point pollution process control area be included in Plain River Network Areas
Middle Planting Crops or the agricultural producing areas of vegetables；
In another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 2) described in build ecological ridge and be included in the agricultural non -point pollution process control
In region, original ridge is reinforced, increased, being widened construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, solid soil effect is good and soil pick-up ability is strong
Short filling grass plant or industrial crops；It is described construction agricultural protection forest include build based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability,
Qiao fills the shelter belt that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass and flowers combine.
In another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 3) described in build ecological canal and be included on the basis of the irrigation canals and ditches of raw water barrier, adopt
Irrigation canals and ditches are reinforced with the ecomaterial with physical absorption function, both sides configuration hygrophyte, it is highly preferred that the physics
The ecomaterial of adsorption function includes zeolite, cinder etc.；
In another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 4) described in build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system and include utilizing the network of rivers
The geographical advantage in area itself, with reference to the flow direction of runoff water body, in the appropriate position of ecological canal, arranges artificial pool, pool side
Set up close-to-natural management system in slope；
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ecological pool is deep about 2m, if water inlet, delivery port, irrigation mouth
1 each with gap, entery and delivery port respectively be connected into and out of ditch, gap be located at An Ding appropriate locations, lower section sets spilling water
Irrigation canals and ditches, connect receiving water body；Spilling water irrigation canals and ditches adopt artificial swamp form, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops
Growing area, deep about 0.5m；Using existing sewerage, connect neighbouring artificial pool, constitute artificial pool canal-wetland system
System, ditch width of the channel about 0.8m, canal bank inner side high about 0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m along the river, deep about 0.5m builds parabolic cross section,
And use soil compaction；
In another embodiment of the present invention, the forest wetland system is to plant landscape in the artificial pool side slope
Type herbaceous plant, and build close-to-natural management system in wherein appropriate scattered planting or group planting.
In another embodiment of the present invention, artificial forest's construction method is to plant in the artificial pool side slope
Landscape type herbaceous plant, and in wherein appropriate scattered planting or group planting arbor and sub- arbor, the inslope in pool then plant landscape or
Eco-power emergent aquactic plant, the emergent aquactic plant includes depression plantation wild rice stem (Ustilago esculenta), Chinese celery (Cress
Spp.) etc.；The waste canal plants aquatic, humidogene herbaceous plant；The collecting gutter plants aquatic, humidogene herbaceous plant.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 5) described in build shore bank vegetation buffer strip and include being located at river, reservoir, lake shore
The vegetation area of bank, the vegetation select in indigenous plant can water-fast humidogene length, can more stablely expand population quantity,
Show the plant variety of certain ornamental value, Ecological regulation services and water and soil conservation function.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control net of the present invention
In the construction method of network system, the step 6) described in build lake or reservoir front damming is included in river lake, reservoir porch
Water warfare measure wherein, in the waters is implemented in the relatively small waters of allocation scale, so can be in precipitation water entrainment
Silt while, sorption enhanced falls a part of nitrogen and phosphorus thing, plays a part of effectively to reduce external source organic pollution load.
Further technical scheme is illustrated below by way of specific embodiment, it should be understood that be only below this
Bright exemplary illustration, is not limited to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
The Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system of embodiment 1 is to pollutant --- COD, TN,
The absorption experiment of TP
Anhui Province northwestward ground is selected, area 18.6km is selected2Farmland, wherein mountain region (11.5%), Plain (50%), hilllock
Ground (13.1%) and hills (25.4%).Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control is built according to following steps
The network system, comprises the following steps：
1st, step 1)：Determine that agricultural non -point pollution process control area is Planting Crops or vegetables in Plain River Network Areas
Agricultural producing areas, area about 9.3km2；
2nd, step 2)：Build ecological ridge and build agricultural protection forest；
Original ridge is reinforced, increased, is widened construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, solid soil effect be good and soil pick-up ability
Strong short filling grass plant procumbent juniper, the capsule of weeping forsythia, winter jasmine plant；
Build agricultural protection forest：Build based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability, arbor fill grass and flowers combine hang down
The straight shelter belt that path is lost in agricultural non -point pollution logistics, wherein arbor class select wet-land pine tree (Pinus elliottii), perfume
Chinese toon (Toona sinensis)；Fill the careless Plant choosing capsule of weeping forsythia, winter jasmine；Flower plant selection Hipeastrum vittalum (L Her.) Herb.- Amaryllisvittata Ait (Hippeastrum rutilum),
Short-tube lycoris (Lycoris radiata)；And be aided with quilt：Local Wild groundcover plant constitutes agricultural protection forest.
3rd, step 3)：Build ecological canal
On the basis of the irrigation canals and ditches of raw water barrier, irrigation canals and ditches are reinforced using the ecomaterial with physical absorption function,
According to original irrigation canals and ditches size and area, ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal are formed, the configuration of irrigation canals and ditches both sides is wet
Plant mullet grass, Lythrum salicaria, the ecomaterial of physical absorption function selects zeolite, cinder.
Concrete hexagon hollow block is provided with above-mentioned ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal,
The under-filled mold of the concrete hexagon hollow block, top pave rubble, concrete hexagon hollow block
It is interior to plant water-fast wet plant fishscale bamboo (Cyperus alternifolius).
Wherein, the concrete hexagon hollow block is layed in the furrow bank of the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch；
And it is layed in the canal bottom at Qu Bi and the canal bottom of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal, the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch
With planting aquatic plants spatterdock, floating heart in the concrete hexagon hollow block below canal wall ordinary water level, canal wall ordinary water level with
On concrete hexagon hollow block in plantation it is water-fast it is wet fill careless plant fishscale bamboo, and be spaced 50 meters of setting check dams.
4th, step 4)：Build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system：
I.e. using the geographical advantage in local network of rivers area itself, with reference to the flow direction of runoff water body, in ecological canal ecological canal
End, ecological pool is set, pool side slope sets up close-to-natural management system.
In this step ecological pool be by by original ecological canal end dig it is big, dig it is deep form, pool base matter be soil,
Leaf bog pondweed, ottelia cordata and floating heart, water caltrop are worn in sand, coal ash, gravel etc., pool periphery plantation, and pool slope adopts and grouts concrete.
Pool is deep about 2m, if water inlet, delivery port, irrigating mouth and gap is each 1, entery and delivery port respectively with into and out of ditch phase
Even, gap is located at An Ding appropriate locations, and lower section sets spilling water irrigation canals and ditches, connects receiving water body；Spilling water irrigation canals and ditches adopt Manual moist landform
Formula, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops growing area, deep about 0.5m；Using existing sewerage, connection is upper and lower
Adjacent artificial pool, constitutes artificial pool canal-forest wetland coupled system, and ditch width of the channel about 0.8m, canal bank inner side is high about along the river
0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m, deep about 0.5m, build parabolic cross section, and use soil compaction.
" forest wetland " is to dig big, broadening by ecological pool to form in this step, and host material is original soil, is planted resistance to
The wet arbor wet-land pine tree of water, shrub Chinese photinia and herbaceous plant iris, bank protection adopts not joint filling stone masonry." forest wetland " can also be
Artificial pool side slope plantation landscape type herbaceous plant camellia, Hypericum Chinense, cuckoo, and in wherein appropriate scattered planting or group planting willow, water
The inslope on the pool then plants wild rice stem (Ustilago esculenta), Chinese celery (Cress)；Waste canal plantation lotus, bowl lotus；Institute
State collecting gutter plantation fishscale bamboo, calamus.
5th, step 5)：Build shore bank vegetation buffer strip；
The vegetation area of river, reservoir, lake shore bank is located at including foundation, selecting can be water-fast wet in local indigenous plant
Grow, can more stablely expand population quantity, and show certain ornamental value, Ecological regulation services and water and soil conservation
The plant variety calamus of function.
Step 6)：Build lake or reservoir front damming.
The relatively small waters of river lake, reservoir porch allocation scale is included in, area is 1～10 mu of ground, in the waters
The Water warfare measures such as interior construction fitros bed, silt filter layer, so can absorb and turn while the silt of water entrainment is precipitated
A part of nitrogen and phosphorus thing is melted, plays a part of effectively to reduce external source organic pollution load.
COD is determined using dichromate titration, determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry TN content (water is cleared up using alkaline chitinase
Body total nitrogen content), it is as a result as follows using Ammonium Molybdate Spectrophotometric Method for Determination TP contents (water body total phosphorus content)：
Initial concentration (water inlet)：Average COD concentration is 52.336mg/L, and average TN concentration is 25.317mg/L, averagely
TP concentration 2.986mg/L.After the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system is processed, generally
Preferable regulation effect is reached.The system is obvious to the removal effect of farmland sewage middle and high concentration N, P, and TN average removal rates are
95.4%, TP average removal rate is reduced to 3.823mg/L for 98.2%, COD, reaches II class water environment quality standards.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system, including field, ecological ridge, ecology
Irrigation canals and ditches, ecological pool, forest wetland, river, shore bank vegetation buffer strip, front damming, lake or reservoir, wherein, described field
Between lay ecological ridge, the draining of the field enters the ecological canal, eventually passes the life by field discharge outlet
Behind the end of state irrigation canals and ditches, the river is entered through the ecological pool and the forest wetland, institute is built in the river two sides
Shore bank vegetation buffer strip is stated, the front damming that lake, reservoir or river end are arranged is imported, or directly imports lake or water
Storehouse, or return to the ecological pool.
2. the Ecological Control network system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ecological canal preferably includes ecology
Farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal it is at least one or several；Preferably, described ecological canal is ecological agriculture
Ditch, ecology bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal, and the draining of the field enters the secondary of ecological canal by field discharge outlet
Sequence is to sequentially enter ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecological canal；
Wherein, the ecological farm ditch and the ecological inverted trapezoidal groove of the ditch using soil property bottom of trench that struggle against, bottom of trench plantation well developed root system,
Soil pick-up ability is strong, water-fast wet plant；The cross section of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal is inverted trapezoidal；
Preferably, the ecological canal be ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, and by the end of original ecological canal
End digs big, digging and is shaped as the ecological water pool deeply, wherein the pool base matter on the ecological water pool is soil, sand, coal ash, gravel
Deng, pool periphery kind planting submerged plant and water plant, pool slope is using grouting concrete；
Preferably, the ecological canal be ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, and ecological pool extension, dig form greatly it is gloomy
Woods wetland, wherein the host material of the forest wetland is original soil, plants water-fast wet arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, shield
Slope adopts not joint filling stone masonry.
3. the Ecological Control network system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the Ecological Control network system,
It is additionally provided with concrete hexagon hollow block；The under-filled mold of the concrete hexagon hollow block, top stand
Paving rubble, the water-fast wet plant of interior plantation of concrete hexagon hollow block；
Wherein, the concrete hexagon hollow block is to be arranged at the ecological farm ditch, ecological bucket ditch, ecological branch canal, ecology
In trunk canal；
Preferably, the concrete hexagon hollow block is layed in the furrow bank of the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch；With
And be layed in Qu Bi and the canal bottom of the ecological branch canal and ecological canal, the canal bottom of the ecological farm ditch and the ecological bucket ditch and
Planting aquatic plants in concrete hexagon hollow block below canal wall ordinary water level, concrete system six more than canal wall ordinary water level
The water-fast wet filling grass plant of plantation in angular hollow block, and the setting check dam that is spaced a distance；
Preferably, the concrete hexagon hollow block is also provided at field discharge outlet and imports ecological farm ditch mouth, ecological farm ditch
Import the ecological exit or entrance of a clitch of struggling against, ecological bucket ditch to import ecological branch canal mouth, ecology branch canal mouth and import ecological canal mouth, ecological canal mouth and import
Ecological pool, forest wetland, forest wetland import river mouth, river and import front damming mouth, front damming remittance Hu Kukou.
4. the Ecological Control network system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described ecological ridge, including utilize
The soil of ridge both sides field reinforced, increased to original ridge, widen construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, solid soil effect is good, inhale
The strong short filling grass plant of dirty ability or industrial crops；Wherein, described field discharge outlet is laid on ecological ridge, positioned at institute
State field inner side and lay board plug type sluice, concrete hexagon hollow block is laid after the gate and plant soil pick-up ability by force,
Water-fast wet plant；
Described shore bank vegetation buffer strip includes the tall filling grass that the geonet vegetation slope pavement of toe to ordinary water level, ordinary water level to slope are pushed up
Complex configuration vegetational zone, the vegetable material of described geonet vegetation slope pavement is planted from the strong heavy water of well developed root system, soil pick-up ability
Thing, floatingleaved plant, emergent aquactic plant, the described tall vegetable material for filling careless complex configuration vegetational zone adopts well developed root system, soil pick-up energy
Power is strong, landscape effect is good water-fast wet arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant.
Described front damming is disposed on one of the lake, the reservoir or the bayou Jing after the interception of ecological intercepting band
Small pieces raw water region, ecological intercepting band mainly configures, chemical absorbing conversion preferable to pollutional load physical absorption precipitation in water
Preferably emergent aquactic plant.
5. the Ecological Control network system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the Ecological Control network system is also wrapped
Depth shelter-forest is included, the depth shelter-forest is built in the loss path of agricultural non -point pollution thing, builds with soil pick-up
Based on the strong ecological forest of ability, tall fill the shelter-forest that path is lost perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics that grass and flowers combine
Band.
6. a kind of construction method of the Water Net Plain District agricultural non -point pollution overall process Ecological Control network system, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1)：Determine agricultural non -point pollution process control area；
Step 2)：Build ecological ridge and build agricultural protection forest；
Step 3)：Build ecological canal；
Step 4)：Build ecological pool-forest wetland coupled system；
Step 5)：Build shore bank vegetation buffer strip；
Step 6)：Build the front damming of ecological pool or reservoir.
7. construction method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step 1) described in agricultural non -point pollution mistake
Process control region is included in the agricultural producing areas of Planting Crops or vegetables in Plain River Network Areas；
The step 2) described in build ecological ridge and be included in the agricultural non -point pollution process control area, to original field
The ridge is reinforced, is increased, being widened construction, and well developed root system of transplanting, the solid soil short filling that effect is good and soil pick-up ability is strong grass plant
Or industrial crops；The construction agricultural protection forest includes building based on the strong ecological forest of soil pick-up ability, tall fill grass and flowers phase
With reference to perpendicular to agricultural non -point pollution logistics lose path shelter belt.
The step 3) described in build ecological canal be included on the basis of the irrigation canals and ditches of raw water barrier, using have physical absorption work(
The ecomaterial of energy is reinforced to irrigation canals and ditches, both sides configuration hygrophyte, wherein the ecomaterial bag of the physical absorption function
Include zeolite, cinder etc..
8. construction method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step 4) described in build ecological pool-gloomy
Woods wetland coupled system is included using the network of rivers area geographical advantage of itself, appropriate in ecological canal with reference to the flow direction of runoff water body
Position, artificial pool is set, pool side slope sets up close-to-natural management system；
The wherein described ecological water pool is deep about 2m, if water inlet, delivery port, irrigation mouth and gap are each 1, entery and delivery port point
Not be connected into and out of ditch, gap is located at An Ding appropriate locations, and lower section sets spilling water irrigation canals and ditches, connects receiving water body；Spilling water irrigation canals and ditches
Using artificial swamp form, to improve water purification ability；Depression can double as aquatic crops growing area, deep about 0.5m；Using existing ditch
Canal system is united, and connects neighbouring artificial pool, is constituted on the inside of artificial pool canal-wet land system, ditch width of the channel about 0.8m, canal bank along the river
High about 0.6m, nearly farmland side about 0.5m, deep about 0.5m, build parabolic cross section, and use soil compaction；
The forest wetland system is to plant landscape type herbaceous plant in the artificial pool side slope, and in wherein appropriate scattered planting or
Group planting builds close-to-natural management system.
9. construction method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step 5) described in build shore bank vegetation buffering
Band includes being located at river, reservoir, the vegetation area of lake shore bank, and the vegetation selects being capable of water-fast wet, growth in indigenous plant
Well, can more stablely expand population quantity, show certain ornamental value, protect with Ecological regulation services and water and soil
Hold the plant variety of function.
10. construction method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step 6) described in build pool or reservoir
Front damming, be included in the relatively small waters of river lake, reservoir porch allocation scale, and implement Water warfare in the waters
Measure.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107973416A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-01 | 杭州中艺生态环境工程有限公司 | Fresh water beach ecoscape water cleaning systems |
| CN108911148A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method |
| CN109081444A (en) * | 2018-07-21 | 2018-12-25 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of method of biological treating agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN109704466A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-03 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A method of for Yangtze River Delta Area village Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution |
| CN109729902A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | It is a kind of intercepted for pollutant, the library of purification of water quality mouthful forest wetland builds method |
| CN110226470A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-13 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting |
| CN110476529A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of breeding combination agricultural ecological Scene construction method |
| CN111499002A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司 | Facility and method for preventing and controlling pollution of drinking water source in medium and small watershed |
| CN112358053A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-12 | 沈阳大学 | Composite ecological treatment method for intercepting farmland drainage pollutants |
| CN112441702A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-05 | 华东师范大学 | Wet compound ecological clean system of agriculture and forestry |
| CN112939220A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-11 | 复旦大学 | Non-point source pollution control system based on clear water flow net |
| RU2787050C1 (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-12-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Курский федеральный аграрный научный центр" | Method for creating a water-regulating forest strip on a slope |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107973416A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-01 | 杭州中艺生态环境工程有限公司 | Fresh water beach ecoscape water cleaning systems |
| CN108911148A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method |
| CN109081444B (en) * | 2018-07-21 | 2021-06-15 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for biologically treating agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN109081444A (en) * | 2018-07-21 | 2018-12-25 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of method of biological treating agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN109704466A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-03 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A method of for Yangtze River Delta Area village Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution |
| CN109729902A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | It is a kind of intercepted for pollutant, the library of purification of water quality mouthful forest wetland builds method |
| CN110226470A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-13 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting |
| CN110476529A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of breeding combination agricultural ecological Scene construction method |
| CN111499002A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司 | Facility and method for preventing and controlling pollution of drinking water source in medium and small watershed |
| CN112358053A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-12 | 沈阳大学 | Composite ecological treatment method for intercepting farmland drainage pollutants |
| CN112441702A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-05 | 华东师范大学 | Wet compound ecological clean system of agriculture and forestry |
| CN112939220A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-11 | 复旦大学 | Non-point source pollution control system based on clear water flow net |
| CN112939220B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-05-17 | 复旦大学 | Non-point source pollution control system based on clear water flow net |
| RU2787050C1 (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-12-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Курский федеральный аграрный научный центр" | Method for creating a water-regulating forest strip on a slope |
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