RU2787050C1 - Method for creating a water-regulating forest strip on a slope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for combating soil erosion on slopes that prevent the sheet erosion of frozen soil. The method includes the formation of a trench with a barrier and the planting of trees. At the bottom of the trench at a depth exceeding the maximum depth of soil freezing, an additional depression is formed with vertical wells, which are initially filled with a smaller, easily permeable inorganic filler: river sand. Then, at the bottom of the recess, a footing is poured out of a larger inorganic filler made of fine crushed stone, on which a vertical black pipe with a float valve is installed in the center from above and finally filled with soil from the outside to the level of the bottom of the trench. A footing of fine crushed stone is formed on the recess, with a cross section increasing from the edges to the center.

EFFECT: method provides an increase in the productivity of agricultural crops and protection of soils from erosion during the anti-erosion arrangement of slopes using forest strips located horizontally, reinforced with a trench having a barrier.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to agriculture and can be used to increase the productivity of crops and protect soils from erosion, with anti-erosion arrangement of slopes using horizontal forest strips, reinforced trenches with a shaft.

There is a method of combating soil erosion on slopes [1], in which trenches with filler and cracks are cut across the slope, and molehills are cut at an angle to them along the slope. The known method is laborious in manufacturing and does not allow to regulate the surface runoff during the spring snowmelt, when the soaked and frozen filler in the trench does not pass water well.

A known method of protecting slopes from water erosion [2], which consists in creating an arcuate trench at the top of the ravine, located horizontally, with a water-retaining earthen rampart. Next, the trench is filled with inorganic filler and covered with filtration material from above. The known method has insufficient filtration capacity, especially during the period of spring snowmelt, when the water that previously drained from the soil has already covered the filter material with soil. Further freezing, the trench closed from above by the soil, having ceased to filter water, ceases to work.

A known method of creating a water-regulating forest belt on a slope [3], consisting of planting trees, creating a mulched trench with a horizontal shaft and locating water tanks in it. In the known method, part of the water is collected in containers, and part is poured into a trench, where it must be absorbed into its side walls and into the bottom mulched with organic filler. However, in winter, the entire trench and its organic fill get wet and freeze, which prevents the intensive water filtration needed during the period of active spring snowmelt.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the water-absorbing capacity of a trench with a forest belt both during spring snowmelt and during heavy rainstorms by creating in it an additional active all-season filtration unit that does not freeze in winter.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section along the center of the trench with a shaft and a landing filled with water, and figure 2 - its cross section.

The method includes digging a trench 1 (figure 1) along the horizontal slope and forming a shaft 2 below it, followed by planting trees 3 (figure 2) above and below the trench. At the same time, in the bottom of the trench 1, with our method, another recess 4 is formed, which exceeds the maximum depth of soil freezing in this region. Then, in this recess 4, a series of vertical wells 5 are made (Fig. 1), which are initially filled with a finer, easily permeable inorganic filler 6, for example, river sand. On top of the inorganic filler 6, along the bottom of the recess 4, a pillow 7 is laid from a larger inorganic filler, from fine gravel, which conducts water even better, with a cross section increasing from the edges to the center. Crushed stone is poorly silted with dirty water, which prolongs the service life of the hydraulic structure prepared according to the proposed method. A black pipe 8 is vertically placed on the raised center of the pillow 7 from a large inorganic filler and finally covered with soil 9 from the outside, to the level of the bottom of the trench 1. A float valve 10 is installed on the upper edge of the vertical black pipe 8, which is at the level of the top of the trench 1, which, under the action of water, can automatically float up and give it access to the vertical black pipe 8 when trench 1 is filled.

The method works as follows.

During the spring snowmelt, when water begins to flow from the slope into the frozen trench 1 (figure 1), a small part of it, after mixing with snow, is filtered into the bottom and side walls. However, the bulk of the water accumulates in trench 1 and gradually raises the level in it until it is completely filled. When this further discharge of water is held back by the shaft 2 with trees 3 (figure 2). The water that flooded the trench comes under the float valve 10, lifts it and enters its round water intake with a U-shaped section from below, leaving ice and floating debris on the surface. Through a vertical black pipe 8 held in a recess 4 by soil 9, it falls down onto a cushion 7 of coarse inorganic filler located below the maximum freezing depth of the soil. Through it, as through an unfrozen conduit, water enters vertical wells 5 (figure 1), filled with fine inorganic filler 6, through which it descends into deeper soil horizons, where it is actively filtered into the soil, forming subsoil runoff. Active intrasoil water runoff during spring snowmelt makes it possible to maintain a predetermined water level in trench 1, prevents it from overflowing through shaft 2, eroding it and the erosion-prone slope below. With alternating frosts in spring, when there is less water in trench 1, the float valve 10 drops and blocks access to the black vertical pipe 8 of cold air, preventing the formation of frost on its inner surface. With the next warming, under the action of sunlight falling on the black vertical pipe 8, its upper part warms up faster. So, together with the float valve 10, the vertical black pipe 8 is prepared for the discharge of the next batch of water when the trench 1 is filled. as a result of increasing crop yields on erosion-prone slopes.

Bibliography

1. Author's certificate 1644734 USSR MPK A01V 13/16 A method of combating soil erosion on slopes / Bondarenko Yu.V., Kaluga V.A., Chuikov A.A.; applicant and patentee Saratov Institute of Agricultural Mechanization named after V.I. M.I. Kalinin - No. 4691326/15 bid. 05/15/1989, publ. 04/30/1991, bul. No. 16.

2. Patent for invention 2467543 RU IPC A01V 13/16 Method for protecting slopes from water erosion / Shchedrin V.N., Vasiliev S.M., Kozlikina A.S., Shchedrin M.A., Vasilyeva E.A., Vasiliev VV; applicant and patent holder of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute for Land Reclamation Problems - No. 20111112135/13, Appl. 03/30/2011, publ. November 27, 2012, bul. No. 33.

3. Patent for invention 2092988 RU IPC A01V 13/16 Method for creating a water-regulating forest belt on a slope / O. G. Kotlyarova, M. M. Lomakin, N. F. Skuryatin; applicant and patent holder Belgorod State Agricultural Academy - No. 94016572/13 05/04/1994, publ. October 207, 1997.

Claims (2)

1. A method for creating a water-regulating forest belt on a slope, including the formation of a trench with a shaft and planting trees, characterized in that at the bottom of the trench at a depth exceeding the maximum depth of soil freezing, an additional depression is formed with vertical wells, which are initially filled with a smaller, easily passing water with an inorganic filler, - river sand, then at the bottom of the recess, a pillow is poured from a larger inorganic filler from fine gravel, on which a vertical black pipe with a float valve is installed in the center from above and finally it is covered from the outside to the level of the bottom of the trench with soil. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pillow of fine gravel is formed on the recess, with a section increasing from the edges to the center.

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