RU2467543C1 - Method of protection slopes from water erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of protection from soil erosion on slopes and prevention the growth of gullies. The method consists in creating at the top of the gully an arcuate trench located on the level of the area, with water-detention earthworks. Then a water-retaining screen covering the bottom and the side of the trench is mounted. The trench is filled with inorganic filler which is plastic balls with through holes, and the filter material is strewn on top to the level of the soil surface.

EFFECT: water erosion of soil, increase of gully heads and the transfer of lands to the category of disturbed is prevented.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of combating soil erosion on slopes and preventing the growth of ravines.

A known method of combating soil erosion on the slopes (ed. Certificate No. RU 1644734, A01B 13/16, BI No. 16 of 04/30/1991) by jointly creating water-holding trenches filled with expanded clay and moleholes on the horizontal slopes of the terrain to them, filled with straw, with simultaneous cutting of cracks that destroy the plow sole.

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency on complex slopes with different steepness and exposure of the relief, as well as the temporality of the action of trenches and crevices due to their destruction by subsequent tillage.

A known method of combating soil erosion on the slopes (ed. Certificate. RU No. 886765, class A01B 13/16, BI No. 45 dated 12/12/1981), including the creation of parallel earthen rolls with the arrangement of vertical screens that create a water-holding obstacle .

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the used solution of a polymeric material capable of hardening.

The closest technical solution is a way to protect the slopes from erosion (ed. Certificate RU No. 1653553, A01B 13/16, BI No. 21 dated 06/07/1991), including making a trench with a shaft, filling it with inorganic water-absorbing material and laying it on different levels diagonally to the main slope of the drainage elements in the form of pipes with holes and planting of woody plants in the upper part of the slope.

The disadvantage of this method are: high cost due to the nature of the materials used (polyethylene pipes); high labor input; in addition, only certain sections of the soil (at the holes of the pipes) are exposed to moisture, and not the entire soil layer.

The essence of the invention is the interception of surface runoff during spring snowmelt, as well as during torrential rains due to the creation of a delaying earthen rampart and a trench with an inorganic filler and a water retention screen.

The technical result is the prevention of water erosion, the growth of peaks of ravines and the transfer of land into the category of disturbed.

The technical result is achieved due to the absorption of surface runoff by an inorganic filler, which is a frost-resistant plastic balls with through holes, which further facilitate gradual filtration.

In front of the current peak of the ravine arcuate at a distance that does not allow the top to fall off and is safe for the transport (skating rink) to work, a trench track is horizontally marked, for example, with a DZ-101 bulldozer, then a trench is broken through, for example, with an E-2626 excavator. The upper fertile layer of 50 cm is removed into the cavalier, the deeper layer comes with the filling of the water-retaining earthen rampart, which is compacted, for example, with a DU-101 skating rink. Next, the workers manually install a water-holding screen of two plastic plates with a thickness of 0.4 cm. (TU 2213-001-00208982-06, GOST 22648-77 Plastics). One plate, equal to the width of the trench, is laid at the bottom, and the other is located vertically directly to the wall of the trench to a height h equal to or higher than the height of the water-holding earthen rampart. Then they are transported by road and filled with a trench with an inorganic filler, which is hollow plastic (GOST 22648-77 Plastics) balls with a diameter of 5 cm with a wall thickness b of 0.2 ÷ 0.3 cm, having 6 through holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm (made to order IMID, OOO / IMID, Ltd Russia City: Moscow, street: Vadkovsky per., house / building / apartment: 18 Phone: +7 (495) 5457469 Fax: +7 (495) 7395394. Website: www.imid. ru, as well as LLC NPO Industrial Systems, St. Petersburg, 54 Bestuzhevskaya St. Phones, fax: 8-901-301-20-05, 8-812-446-05-15. : www.pr-systems.narod.ruE-mail.pr-systems@mail.ru). The left upper 20 cm for the filtering material is manually filled up with the surface of the earth with coal slag with a fraction of 2.0 ÷ 2.5 cm brought from the nearest industrial energy zone of such processing plants as thermal power plants, heating plants, industrial and heating boiler houses (for example, NchGRES) ,

The length of the trench depends on the size of the top of the ravine, the width and depth are determined by the magnitude of the planned flow retention. Hydrological calculations are carried out according to the formula of A.N. Kostyakov for the retention of runoff of 10% security (Kostyakov A.N. Fundamentals of Land Reclamation. 6th ed. - M .: Selkhozgiz, 1960, 862 p .; s.606-614) .

Water during snowmelt and rain, flowing down the slope and penetrating deep into the soil, encounters a water-holding screen installed in a trench, as a result of which it enters the voids of plastic balls. The surface runoff is delayed by the water-retaining earthen rampart and also enters the trench, passing through a layer of coal slag having zeolitic properties and creating a filtering barrier for sediment to prevent the latter from falling into the voids of plastic balls.

After spring thawing, the soil begins to absorb water in the voids of the balls. Slow transfer of moisture to the soil helps prevent water erosion. A layer of coal slag traps sediment, purifies water.

As a result of intercepting the surface runoff with a trench, the following is prevented: erosion runoff, growth of the top of the ravine, alienation of arable land, removal of the fertile layer from the field, while increasing the moisture supply of crops.

A method of protecting slopes from water erosion is illustrated by figures 1-3. Figure 1 - shows a method of protecting slopes from water erosion (top view); figure 2 - diagram of the trench with an inorganic filler (aa); figure 3 - diagram of the element of the inorganic filler.

A way to protect the slopes from water erosion is to create in front of the current top of the ravine (Fig. 1) an arcuate (horizontal terrain) trench 1, which is dug with the movement of soil into the water-holding earthen shaft 2 and rolled with a roller. Next, a water-retaining screen 3 of height h is installed, covering the bottom and wall of the trench 1 (figure 2). Trench 1 is filled with inorganic filler 4, which is a plastic ball having through holes 6 (FIG. 3), and filter material 5 (FIG. 2) is poured on top to the level of the soil surface.

A method of protecting slopes from water erosion works as follows. The surface runoff, flowing down from the slope and falling into the trench 1, is delayed by a water-retaining screen 3 (Fig. 1) located in front of the water-retaining earthen shaft 2. The surface runoff, passing through the filtering material 5 (Fig. 2), enters the trench, where as it is filled, it penetrates into the through holes of 6 plastic balls, as a result of which moisture is retained. After spring thawing and as the level of accumulated moisture in the soil decreases, gradual filtration takes place due to the retained water by the inorganic filler 4 located in the voids of the plastic balls (Fig. 3).

Due to the gradual filtration resulting from the retention of surface runoff by an inorganic filler, soil erosion is significantly reduced and the growth of the top of the ravine is prevented. During the passage of water through the filter material, it enriches with zeolite properties, which favorably affects the soil and plants.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting slopes from water erosion, including creating an arcuate trench at the top of a ravine located horizontally with a water-retaining earthen rampart and arranging a water-holding screen filled with inorganic filler in it, and on top of the filter material, characterized in that the inorganic filler is made of plastic balls with through holes, capable of retaining water with further gradual filtration of it into the ground.

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