RU2644569C1 - Method for protecting soils from water erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for controlling water erosion of soil and preventing the ravine growth. Method for protecting soils from water erosion comprises creation of a water-retaining trench made horizontally and connected by a drainage system with a water storage basin. Trench is filled with an inorganic filler, which is a plastic sphere in the form of a ball, having through holes, made by a figure different from the circle, and filled with a filtering charge of zeolite and crushed expanded clay, which is filled up in a ratio, which is the specific weight of the occupied volume of the plastic sphere, more than groundwater 1.05–1.1 times.

EFFECT: invention provides prevention of leaching and increased water-permeability of the inorganic filler of the water-retaining trench.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of combating water erosion of the soil and preventing the growth of ravines.

A known method of combating soil erosion on the slopes (ed. Certificate No. RU 1644734, A01B 13/16, BI No. 16 of 04/30/1991) by jointly creating water-holding trenches filled with expanded clay and moleholes on the horizontal slopes of the terrain to them, filled with straw, with simultaneous cutting of cracks that destroy the plow sole.

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency on complex slopes with different steepness and exposure of the relief, as well as the temporality of the action of trenches and crevices due to their destruction by subsequent tillage.

Also known is a method of protecting slopes from erosion (ed. Certificate RU No. 1653553, A01B 13/16, BI No. 21 dated 06/07/1991), including making a trench with a shaft, filling it with inorganic water-absorbing material and laying diagonally at different levels to the main slope of the drainage elements in the form of pipes with holes and planting of woody plants in the upper part of the slope.

The disadvantage of this method are: high cost due to the nature of the materials used (polyethylene pipes); high labor input; in addition, only certain sections of the soil (at the holes of the pipes) are exposed to moisture, and not the entire soil layer.

The closest technical solution is a method of protecting slopes from water erosion, including the creation of a water-retaining trench at a certain distance, made horizontally and filled with an inorganic filler, which is a plastic sphere having through holes and filled with filter media from zeolite and crushed expanded clay (Vasiliev, V .V. Increasing the efficiency of using surface runoff for regular irrigation using the example of the south of the Rostov Region: dissertation of candidate of technical sciences auk: 01/06/02 / Vasiliev Valery Vladimirovich. - Novocherkassk, 2016 - S. 78-82).

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency due to the possible leaching and limiting the throughput of the inorganic filler.

The objective of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of reclamation measures due to the stability of the functioning of the water-holding trench filled with inorganic filler.

The technical result is the prevention of leaching and increasing the throughput of the inorganic filler of the water-holding trench.

The technical result is achieved by a method of protecting soils from water erosion, including the creation of a water-retaining trench at a certain distance, made horizontally and connected by a drainage system to a water storage pool, the trench being filled with an inorganic filler, which is a plastic sphere having through holes and filled with a filter load from zeolite and crushed expanded clay, while the load of zeolite and crushed expanded clay fall asleep in a ratio of the specific gravity of the volume of the plastic sphere is greater than the draining water by 1.05-1.1 times, and the through holes are made by a figure different from the circle.

The increase in the specific gravity occupied by the volume of the plastic sphere by filtering from zeolite and crushed expanded clay more than draining water by 1.05-1.1 times, eliminates the leaching of inorganic filler from the trench by the stream of the treated effluent. Making holes in the plastic sphere different from the circle prevents them from clogging from adjacent (filled) spheres.

According to the invention, a method of protecting soils from water erosion involves creating a water-holding trench through a certain distance, made horizontally and connected by a drainage system to a water storage pool. The trench is filled with an inorganic filler, which is a hollow plastic (GOST 22648-77 Plastics) balls having through holes and filled with filter media from zeolite and crushed expanded clay. At the same time, loading from natural zeolite and crushed expanded clay is filled up in the ratio of the specific gravity, the volume of the plastic sphere occupied, more than 1.05-1.1 times more water flowing down. In addition, the through holes are made in a shape different from the circle.

The way to protect soils from water erosion works as follows, water during snowmelt and rain, flowing down the slope, fills the water-holding trench, where the flow energy is extinguished and purified from the suspension of soil, passing through the holes of the plastic sphere in the form of a shape other than a circle filled with filter loading from zeolite and crushed expanded clay. In order to avoid leaching of balls from the trench, the specific gravity of the volume of the plastic sphere with filter loading from zeolite and crushed expanded clay creates 1.05-1.1 times more relative to the flowing water. And making holes in a plastic sphere other than a circle prevents them from clogging from a nearby sphere, which prevents the filter loading from deteriorating.

As a result, due to the gradual filtration resulting from the retention of surface runoff by an inorganic filler, soil erosion is significantly reduced, reducing erosion processes, in addition, the passage of water through the filter material contributes to its enrichment with zeolite properties, which favorably affects the soil and plants. At the same time, the increase in the specific gravity occupied by the volume of the plastic sphere by filtering from zeolite and crushed expanded clay is more than 1.05-1.1 times more water flowing out, which excludes the inorganic filler being washed out of the trench, and the holes in the plastic sphere are different from the circle , prevents them from clogging adjacent spheres, which increases water throughput. Together, the stability of the functioning of the water-holding trench increases.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting soils from water erosion, including the creation of a water-retaining trench, made horizontally and connected by a drainage system to a water storage pool, the trench being filled with an inorganic filler, which is a plastic sphere in the form of a ball, having through holes and filled with a filter charge from zeolite and crushed expanded clay , characterized in that the charge of zeolite and crushed expanded clay is filled in a ratio of the specific gravity of the occupied volume of plastic The howling sphere is 1.05-1.1 times larger than the flowing water, and the plastic sphere has through holes made by a figure different from the circle.