WO2014189473A1

WO2014189473A1 - Artificial sludge to combat desertification

Info

Publication number: WO2014189473A1
Application number: PCT/TN2013/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mohamed Ben Attia JOUINI
Original assignee: Jouini Mohamed Ben Attia
Priority date: 2013-05-23
Filing date: 2013-06-24
Publication date: 2014-11-27

Abstract

This conclusion to obtain the element of the new invention is meant to support and ensure the continuity of the process of combating desertification and to contribute to the blockage of sand advance. It is also meant to protect what has been produced of vegetation and plants, and to ensure the continuity of employing the work force and operating the available equipment devoted for that purpose. Indeed, the sustainability of water provision is a guarantee for the biological life as God says:" We made from water every living thing". Where everything depends on the willpower of man and access by the power of science.

Description

ARTIFICIAL SLUDGE TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION

Desertification is a natural phenomenon in hot and arid regions in the world. This degeneration of the soil dust causes natural disasters; and it is amplified by global warming, and thus represents an environmental problem which cannot be supported by the population.

The Lands eroded by winds and rains have become sterile and unfit to live in; and this causes the migration of groups to very livable places where humans can settle down and be self-sufficient.

Due to that fact that the use of the floodwaters carrying the sludge «Ennouguel», which is a mixture of soil dust and water to extinguish the movement of sand and fertilize it, alone is not enough. Indeed, many countries undergo in many time periods drought and water shortages, which may last for long. On the other hand, they are seasonal in fall and winter and they may often stop the continuity wheel of the Restoration Services for the combat of sand encroachment, leading to the obliteration of what had been repaired of lands, which shall be avoided.

This is what urges us to think of a second solution for the use of the waters of valleys and rivers such as the Nile, the Amazon River, the Congo River, the Mississippi River, the Yellow River, or Zabi River and other rivers that are located near or in the areas of desertification, as they are of great and intense estuaries; and in case of their intensive exploitation, they would be able to give for the production of enough sludge or «Ennouguel» as well as water dams and what they yield of surplus towards the sea.

To facilitate the conversion process and avoid the creation of financially high-cost concrete dams and time waste, we shall block the waterways in deviations where the speed of the water is attenuated and where there are ground depressions for easy routing and avoidance of digging deep valleys as follows in these Deviations, especially the high ones, there shall be accumulation of large stones to resist the current, and small stones to fill in the gaps; and the rest will be left to nature (the stones removed for the creation of waterways from mountain heights will be used in what has been mentioned).

We also should be working on the increase of water flow rate from the low places to high places by the primitive dams mentioned to rise above the low level of valleys and be channelled across the plains and lowlands; and the exploitation of some water streams and diverting them towards the target to be treated, and so the process of raising the water level is repeated to facilitate their passage toward the intended destination.

In case that they are blocked by heights, we shall either dig tunnels inside them by a stone-drilling machine similar digging tunnels corridors for railway ground, or channelling water by pumps and strong water cannons towards the depressions between the hills so as to dig them and create pathways, so as depress similarly to the act of nature. And in so doing we win the creation of a water tack on the one hand and a mixture of sludge to be channelled towards the treatment site to quell sand and promote enrichment, the other hand.

And it is preferably that one work on the introduction of water streams mentioned, in particular flowing ones like the rivers in the middle of the desert and divide them according to natural boundaries of the States involved, such as sub-Saharan Africa and the beginning of treatment in the direction of the borders of each state, where they destroy on the one hand the center of the sand sources to stop its encroachment, and on the other hand to prevent this encroachment and the destruction of what has been repaired. And in so doing, we cut the cobra's head not its tail and do not waste time and effort in fighting the tails. With perseverance and international cooperation and self-effort, we can manage, in the beginning, to prevent the annexation of arable land to the desert ocean. It is necessary that we rely on the experts, in a way that the doctor precedes the engineer to ensure the safety of intellectual and manual workers, which may be threatened by these lakes and streams through poisonous and deadly insects, and desert reptiles and snakes; similar to mine phosphate, and the cement factories. If the distance is too far is the use of railway vehicles and heavy-duty trucks to deliver the supply of dust and so forth, it is possible to produce sludge material in the land layers submerged by sand rising above them in reclamation places, like looking for mining minerals in the ground.

The waters of the said watercourses shall be made use of, when they are passing, by the creation of quasi-lakes and aquariums for fish farming, especially the intensive ones when necessary to provide large quantities of fish which may exceed what man gets from the seas, as well as making use of in generating electrical energy.

This would create water resources and provide employment and food self- sufficiency of whale meat. These lakes will also irrigate the land and raise the water table to be exploited and avoid desertification caused by drilling deep wells. Indeed, the reclaimed areas are made use of in agricultural production of firstlings and grain cultivation in order to achieve self-sufficiency, as it is a virgin land whose crop quantity exceeds that of the used land.

Claims

1-

We need to create the raw material "Ennouguel": clayey sand consists of a mixture of soil dust with water is denser than the desert sand. Water retention in it makes it heavier and denser than sand dunes.

This technique consists in pouring clay on the sand already pulverized, and mixing it with water to 90 g/1 of water on the desert sand layer many times according to the soil to be treated.

Clayey sand formed by the water seeps through the sand grains to form a complex and conglomerate of soft sand granules. This type of soil dust is heavier than the desert sand, and is not carried by wind and becomes heavier when it rains, because it contains impregnable silt.

Once soil dust is thus put in its place, and is saved and fertilized in milling plants for the quick growing of plants, because the time factor plays a key role in stopping desertification and stopping this disaster as soon as possible, especially that the soil dust from sludge or "Ennouguel" carries different types of seeds, grass and trees; therefore, fertilization is natural, in addition to the afforestation and plantation by man.

2-

To obtain soil dust, there are two ways: from the deposits of mountain: the extraction of soil dust from and open space provided that they are not rocky mountains.

And deposits of the plains: this type of soil will also be more fertile than the first, because it contains silt driver from rain water. In this case, after the extraction and depletion of deposits by machines such as the dredger (fig 1) and the mixer (fig 2), with the possibility of exploiting desalinated sea waters to revive what has been reclaimed of desert areas, in order to produce the sludge staff or "Ennouguel " and exploit it to block the sand and enrich the land, especially in the dry seasons and the absence of flooding. The amount of salt extracted after evaporation of sea water of brackish mountain streams, it is advisable that they be exploited in nutrition, as they are cleaner than the salt extracted from the bogs where stagnation, quagmire of insects, dead animals, and dirt; whereas, purity is sea water, and halel is sea dead creatures.