SU1762768A1 - Counter-erosion relief protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of combating water erosion. The purpose of the invention is to prevent erosion of the shores of beams and ravines as a result of erosion. Across the forest strip 1, located along the coastal perimeter of the beam, trenches 3 are arranged, in the bottom and walls of which drilled holes are drilled A. Trenches and holes are filled with inorganic material 5, while laying drainage pipes 6 with holes 7 into the trenches to a depth of soil freezing h with a slope towards the beam. Drainage holes of pipes 9 are brought to the slopes of the beam, where trays are constructed with their upper ends supplied to the drainage holes of the drainage pipes, and the lower ends to the zone of the pond 10 located behind the dam where hydrophytes are planted 13. The water receiving part of the drainage pipe is determined by the width of the cannon the water flow r and the width of the forest belt b, the water supply part of the drainage pipe is determined by the distance from the coast of the beam to the forest belt I, the laying depth of pipes h and the value of laying the coastal slope of the beam t. 3 Il. cl

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, namely to methods for combating water erosion,

The purpose of the invention is to prevent erosion of the shores of beams and ravines as a result of erosion.

Figure 1 shows the placement of the elements of the method for the protection of the coast balkm, view in plan; figure 2 is a cross section through the beam; on fig.Z - cross section through a trench.

The numbers denote: 1 - forest belt, 2 - beam, 3 - water-absorbing trench, 4 - hole, 5 - inorganic material, 6 - drainage pipe, 7 - holes in the drainage pipe, 9 - drainage drainage hole pipes, 10 - pond, 11 - spillway. 12 - bottom dam, .13 - hydrophytes.

The method is carried out as follows.

On the planned route across the forest belt 1, located along the perimeter of beam 2, they are torn, for example, by excavator E- 3311B, to a depth of 1.5–2 Om, water-absorbing trenches 3, which are located as low as possible (in tows). , hollows). The section of the water-absorbing trench 3 between the forest belt 1 and the edge of the beam 2 is torn to the depth of soil freezing. The width of the trench along the bottom depends on the width of the working body of the mechanism by which it is performed. For an E-3311B excavator with a backhoe, the width will be 0.7 m. To better intercept surface runoff, the trench is made with a trapezoidal section, a large base up laying slopes equal to the natural angle of the slope of the soil. In the bottom and walls of the water-absorbing trench 3, to increase the water-absorbing capacity, holes 4 are drilled with the URB-2.5A drilling rig through 1.0-2.0 m to a depth of 2-3 m. The diameter of the holes also depends on the diameter of the working element of the installation. Then, the inorganic aggregate with high non-capillary porosity, such as slag 5, is poured into the water-absorbing trench and pits to the depth of soil freezing. Then a drainage pipe 6 is laid with holes 7 with a slope towards the beam. Drainage part of the drainage pipe 6 is placed on the surface of the coastal slope 8 beams 2. Top drain pipe is filled with the same inorganic material 5.

From the spillway hole 9 of the drainage pipe 6 to the bottom of the pond 10, a spillway 11 is arranged. Depending on the estimated discharge flow rates

The lengths of the coastal slope 8 spillways 11 are made earthly at an angle to the horizontal of the terrain with grass or concrete sowing, stone, etc. perpendicular to the horizontal of the m. Water absorbing trenches with spillways are made on the opposite sides of the beam in such a way that the mouth of the spillway 11 is in the zone of the pond 10. At the bottom of the beam, at a distance of 2–4 m from the spillway down the slope, a ground dam 12 is arranged using the soil from the excavation of the water-absorbing trench 3. In the zone of the pond 10, higher aquatic vegetation is planted - 5 hydrophytes 13, for example, reed, reed, rogoz. The length of the water-absorbing trench L depends on the following values: slope steepness (slope laying value t); the distance from the coast of the gully 2 0 to the forest belt 1 I; the width of the forest belt b; the width of the lapping water flow la, which is formed along the border of the forest belts with napa, field road, ditch, etc., and the depth of laying the pipe h. + b + 12 + h m.

The length of the drainage pipe 6 is equal to the length of the self-absorbing trench and consists of the water intake part Li and the water conducting La. 0L Li + La.

The water intake part of the drainage pipe b is perforated. The length of the perforated part is equal to:

L.1 b + b,

5 where z is the width of a cannon water flow;

b - the width of the forest belt. The plumbing of the drainage pipe has one end 0 outlet 9. The length of the drain pipe consists of the following values:

L2 li + hm,

where I is the distance from the coast of the beam to the forest belt; 5 h - the depth of pipe laying;

m is the value of laying the coastal slope of the beam.

The surface runoff, the slope stack, is concentrated along the border of the near forest zone 1 with nap, field road, cuvettes, etc. and is intercepted by a water intake trench 3 located in the drainage troughs. Leaked-. Through inorganic aggregate 5, 5, for example, slag, water is purified from mechanical impurities and partially from dissolved contaminating ingredients.

Through the bottom, walls of the water-absorbing trench and pits, water is filtered, thereby increasing the moisture supply of forest plantations. When the trench 3 is filled to the level of the drainage pipe 6, excess water is discharged through the spillway 11 into the pond 10 formed by the dam 12. In the pond the energy of the water flow is quenched and additional water is purified by higher aquatic vegetation - hydrophytes (reed, reed, rogoz) from dissolved biogenes , pesticides, oil emulsions, etc. The presence of a drainage pipe eliminates the danger of complete sedimentation of the water intake trench, facilitates its flushing, and prevents the cannon area from being washed out by the critical drain.

The use of the proposed method of erosion protection of the relief provides the interception and absorption of surface runoff, whose water flows occur along the border of the near-edge (near-forest) forest belts with longitudinal slopes with erosion-hazardous objects (field, field, road); prevention of erosion of the shores of beams and ravines; an increase in the moisture supply of the near-right (near-land) strip by water that has leaked through the walls of the trench and holes to the roots of woody plants; decontamination of surface runoff and

Claims (1)

contaminating ingredients in a water-absorbing trench filled with inorganic material with high non-capillary porosity. Claims of the method of erosion protection of the relief, including cleaning the surface runoff and transferring it to the subsurface by creating water-conducting cavities and side-regulating dams at the bottom of the hydrographic network with planting hydrophytes in the pond area, characterized in that in order to prevent erosion of the banks of beams and ravines as a result of erosion, trenches are arranged as water-conducting cavities, which are located across forest paths along the coastal perimeter of the beam, while in the bottom and walls The burrs are filled with trenches and pits with inorganic material, while at the same time drainage pipes with a slope towards the beam are laid in trenches at the depth of soil freezing, and the drain holes of the pipes are drawn onto the slopes of the beam, where trays with their upper ends to the spillway are constructed. openings of drainage pipes, and the lower ends - in the zone of ponds behind the dams. hhh in-in Fig.Z