SU1743387A1 - Ravine stabilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: rural and forest management, protection of soil from erosion. Substance of the invention: the top of the ravine is re-formed, giving it the shape of a tray. The wells are drilled along the bottom of the ravine and the surface is planted and a stake of woody plants capable of vegetative renewal is planted in them. The laid top and the ravine are covered with a layer of non-capillary material that is resistant to erosion, while maintaining the shape of the tray along the entire length of the ravine “C il

Description

The invention relates to rural and forestry, in particular to the field of soil protection from erosion, and can be used to prevent the growth of a ravine and safely pass through the top and along the ravine a large amount of melt and storm water.

There is a method of dealing with ravine erosion, including the outlet of the mouth-. The situation is when a cantilever suspended drop is installed in the top of a ravine in the form of a gutter, which transfers the water flow to a culvert located in a ravine on a concrete foundation. In the lower part of the tower, water outlets are made to drain water onto the drainage pad, which is installed at the bottom of the ravine.

The closest to the present invention is a method of fixing ravines, including drilling wells in the bottom of the ravine and planting live stakes of slow-rooting tree species in these wells, dumping the ravine slopes

the soil of the peri-urban strip with partial burial of the planted stakes with preservation on their surface of the upper parts with a length of, for example, 1.0-1.5 m.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the need to isolate the reclaimed ravine from the surface runoff coming from the adjacent slope by drainage shafts and the need to build spillway weapons to safely discharge the flow to the hydrographic network. Its negative aspects are most pronounced when the group of ravines located close to each other is fixed, when there is a problem of diverting the total volume of flow coming from the catchment of each ravine and building a spillway building designed for high costs (most often, reinforced concrete rapid current).

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In addition, it is not always possible to protect a reclaimed ravine from entering a runoff, especially if the ravine falls into the bottom category and develops along the bottom of troughs, hollows, and beams that have significant catchment areas. All this limits the scope of application of the prototype. In addition, when the accident fenced

slopes cover mainly to a height exceeding the calculated, the maximum possible depth of the stream.

Example. A fixed 260 meter long bottom ravine developed along a hollow located on the southwestern exposition in light loam with sandy loam intergestion and flowing into

giving a rampart and breaking the stream- jq mu river on the left bank. The depth of the ravine into the ravine will occur and the para outflow in the middle part will reach 12 meters of loose dumped soil and will have a low-erosion resistance to concentrated water streams on the tractor.

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The purpose of the invention is to increase anti-erosion stability while reducing labor costs.

The goal is achieved by flattening the top of the ravine, giving the flattened shape of the tray, along the bottom, of the ravine and additionally along the flattened surface of the borehole, planting stacks of vegetative plants on the surface, leaving the upper parts of the stakes on the surface. Stake planting of the extended surface and the bottom of the ravine is covered with a layer of non-capillary material that is resistant to erosion, while retaining the shape of the tray along the entire length of the ravine.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a ravine with a flattened apex, top view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 section bb in fig. FIG. h - the channel of the ravine, res.

The method is carried out as follows.

The top 1 of the ravine 2 is flattened with a bulldozer, for example, up to a steepness of 15-20 °, giving it the shape of a tray 3- At the bottom of the ravine and additionally along the flattened surface, we drill h, 45 for example, a drill, depth, for example, 0.8-1 , 6 m and planted in wells of stakes of woody plants capable of vegetative renewal, for example willows and poplars, so that their upper parts are 1 m long on the surface. The flattened top 1 and the bottom of the ravine are covered with a layer of non-capillary, stable to erosion

material 6, for example stone, rubble

or slag layer up to 0.2-0, h m, while maintaining the shape of the tray throughout the length of the ravine 2, and the base

one; on the transverse RDTT-75M, the top 1 of ravine 2 and two of its top openings were flattened to a steepness of 15 °, giving them the shape of tray 3- The width of tray 3 in top of 1 ravine 1 was 6 m along the top and, h m down, the depth of tray 1 , 5 m. In screwdrivers - h, 2 and 1 m, respectively, the same 20 bulldozer cleared the ravine bottom to the mouth. Along the flattened tops 1 and the bottom of the ravine 2, the D-10M motor-drill drilled wells 1.6 m deep and had them in a staggered order of 1.0 x 1 m. Freshly prepared willow cov5 were planted in the wells. white length, 5 m. The flattened surface and the bottom of the ravine 2 with planted poles 5 were covered with crushed stone 6 from the local quarry with a layer of 0, h — bottom and 0.2 m of the base of the slopes; over the ravine 2.

The exodus from long-term data on the runoff layer and direct observations from wet years the depth of the channel stream does not exceed 0.9 m.

Subsequent observations showed that the surface runoff coming from the catchment and focused by a dell / got through 3 tops of ravine 2 and two screwdrivers flattened into a ravine 2 and transported along its bed to the mouth, where it was then spread on the old exhaust cone and absorbed in the floodplain vegetation.

The rooted white willow kol 5 contributed to a significant decrease in the water flow rate in the fortified tops 1 and the ravine 2. The erosions of the top 1 and the bottom, undercutting the bases of the ravine 2 protected by a layer of j rubble 6, were not found.

When using the proposed. 55 of the method increases the erosion resistance of the reclaimed ravine by eliminating the possibility of breaking through fencing shafts, reducing the steepness

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Mu River on the left bank. The depth ov-para in the middle part reached 12 m. The bulldozer on the tractor

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DT-75M flattened the top 1 of the ravine 2 and the two tops of its openings to a steepness of 15 °, giving them the shape of the tray 3 - The width of the tray 3 in the top of 1 of the ravine 1 was 6 m along the top and, h m down, the depth of the tray was 1.5 m. In screwdrivers - respectively h, 2 and 1 m, the same 0 bulldozer cleared the ravine bottom to the mouth. Along the flattened tops 1 and the bottom of the ravine 2, the D-10M motor-drill drilled wells 1.6 m deep and had them in a staggered order of 1.0 x 1 m. Freshly prepared willow cov5 were planted in the wells. white length, 5 m. The flattened surface and the bottom of the ravine 2 with planted poles 5 were covered with rubble 6 from the local quarry with a layer of 0, h - the bottom and 0.2 m of the base of the slopes, to a height of 1.0 m, keeping the tray 3 profile on all over the ravine 2.

The exodus from long-term data on the runoff layer and direct observations from wet years the depth of the channel stream does not exceed 0.9 m.

Subsequent observations showed that the surface runoff coming from the catchment and focused by a dell / got through 3 tops of ravine 2 and two screwdrivers flattened into a ravine 2 and transported along its bed to the mouth, where it was then spread on the old exhaust cone and absorbed in the floodplain vegetation.

The rooted white willow kol 5 contributed to a significant decrease in the water flow rate in the fortified tops 1 and the ravine 2. The erosions of the top 1 and the bottom, undercutting the bases of the ravine 2 protected by a layer of j rubble 6, were not found.

When using the proposed. 5 of the method increases the erosion resistance of the reclaimed ravine by eliminating the possibility of breakthrough protecting walls, reducing the steepness

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vertex drop by flattening the top of the ravine in the form of a tray, spreading along the bottom of the ravine and the top of the forest plants and covering the flattened top and bottom of the ravine with noncapillary material resistant to erosion, preserving the shape of the tray throughout the ravine, which makes it possible to safely pass large volumes of runoff through the top and bed of the ravine.

In addition, the volume of surface runoff absorbed by the non-capillary layer and transferred to the subsoil is increased; evaporation of moisture from the soil shielded with a non-capillary layer is reduced; the volume of land works is reduced by a factor of 15–20, since the slopes of the ravine do not cover, but only the tops of the ravine and its openings lie; the cost of building fencing and water discharge hydraulic structures is completely excluded; the cost of supplementing forest crops is excluded (since the live stakes of woody plants, have a large biomass, are characterized by

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high survival rate and preservation), planting of seedlings and agrotechnical soil care (due to the effect of a non-capillary layer that suppresses the growth of weeds),

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of fixing the ravine, including flattening its top, drilling wells along the bottom of the ravine and planting stakes of woody plants capable of vegetative renewal in them, leaving the upper part of the stakes on the day surface, differing in anti-erosion resistance while reducing labor costs, the flattened surface gives the shape of a tray, well additionally drilling along the flattened surface and after planting the stakes in them, the flattened surface and the bottom of the ravine are covered with a layer of non-capillary, resistant to erosion of the material, while maintaining the shape of the tray throughout the length of the ravine. one ABOUT oh oh P L-U-i-UJ-Phage.1 PM Yu9 m Lqltv