SU1712540A1 - Ravine stabilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of protecting agricultural land from non-ferrous land. The aim of the invention is to increase efficiency. The fastening of the ravines begins with the installation of a retaining wall at the base of the ravine. Fastening of ravines is carried out stepwise from bottom to top. Each step is performed by dumping soil and making a transverse trench parallel to the main retaining wall upward along the slope and installing an additional retaining wall in it, made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab. In the space between the additional retaining wall and the discharge slope of the soil filling, a transverse beam is placed parallel to the trench axis, and on the filling of the soil support, spacers perpendicularly tapering the trench axis with the upper end of the transverse beam are placed. At each of the steps, plants are planted. 3 ill., 1 tab. "E

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods for the protection of agricultural land from ra (ravine erosion).

In the melioration and economic situation of the eroded lands, the priority is to secure the existing gullies with the help of various methods and devices.

A method and a device are known for planting existing ravines, involving the construction of bottom dams from living willow stakes and brushwood with their placement across the river bed at a calculated distance, accumulation of products of solid runoff and planting trees and shrubs there before the dam. The presence of wicker dams in the riverbed reduces the anergy

periodically flowing streams of storm and melt waters, which helps purify them from solid material - products of washing away and washing away of the soil and ground.

The main disadvantage of this method of securing existing gullies is the fragility of the weaving pits, which after 4-5 years are destroyed and, under appropriate conditions, linear erosion is resumed. At such facilities, a major overhaul of damaged structures or their re-construction with the addition of previously cultivated crops is required.

There is also known a method and a device for fixing gullies, which provide for arranging trapezoid-shaped land ponds in cross section with their layer-by-layer compaction and planting on wet and dry slopes of structures. The use of dams prevents further erosion of the watercourse and ensures the retention of erosion products.

One of the drawbacks of this method and device is the weak resistance of earth pits to spilling and their increased drainage.

As a prototype, a method of fixing ravines was selected, containing dumping of soil and soil into a fixed ravine and planting plants in bulk soil. The presence in the beds of fixed ravines of loosened soil and soil favors a better engraftment and growth of the plants planted here.

The disadvantages of this method include the poor stability of the loosened mass of the soil to the extreme runoff of storm and thawed snow.

A device for fixing ravines containing the main retaining wall installed in the lower base of the slope was also chosen as a prototype. The placement of such a retaining wall in the mouth of the ravine provides sufficient stability of the bulk soil.

The disadvantages of this device include the increased complexity of the construction of the main retaining wall. When securing large ravines in order to provide the necessary strength, the retaining wall needs to be built thicker and higher, which will require considerable expenses.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the reliability of fixing deep ravines with periodic intensive drainage.

The goal is achieved by the fact that, in the area being mastered, in order to increase the efficiency of work, the ravines are fastened stepwise from bottom to top. At that, each step is formed by dumping the soil, making up the transverse and parallel main retaining wall of the trench behind the bed, installing an additional retaining wall in it, made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, and placing into the space between the additional retaining wall and the mountain slope of the soil of the transverse bar, installed parallel to the axis of the trench, and laying spacers on the dumping of the soil perpendicular to the axis of the trench. In this case, the spacer is placed with its upper end on the transverse beam, and the plants are planted at each of the steps.

Such an embodiment of the method and apparatus allows the formation of a cascade of fragmented but fortified bulk sites, facilitates planting there and improves the conditions for their growth.

FIG. 1 shows the area to be mastered.

after the device of the main retaining wall, the filling of the first (lower) stage of the ravine with soil and cross trench, side view: in FIG. 2 - the same after

0 of installing the lower additional wall and filling the second stage of the ravine with soil: in FIG. 3 - the same. after the ravine is completely fixed and planted on the bulk soil of the plants.

5 In FIG. 1-3 shows the section to be mastered 1, the channel 2 of the temporary watercourse: main retaining wall 3, bulk soil 4, transverse trench 5, additional retaining wall 6 (reinforced concrete slab), transverse beam 7, struts 8, planted plants 9.

The essence of the proposed method and device for its implementation is as follows.

5 The main retaining wall 3 is arranged at the Foot of the bed 2 of the temporary watercourse located in the eroded area 1. Then, the ground 4 is piled up behind it to the upper end of the retaining wall.

0 The lower stage forms a transverse trench 5 behind the bulk soil. In the uphill slope of the bulk soil, a transverse beam 7 is laid, which is the basis for the longitudinal struts 8. In the trench 5, an additional retaining wall 6 is installed, which, with its supporting platform, is connected to struts 8, laid on bulk soil and cross beam 7. After that

0 start land plowing with bulk soil of the next stage. This sequence of filling with soil by soil is maintained to the very top of the oyrag. After that, 9 plants of projected species were planted on fortified and planned sites.

The main retaining wall 3 is laid out of rubble stone or reinforced concrete blocks on cement mortar.

0 Additional posts for wall 6 are made of reinforced concrete slabs. The transverse bars 7 and the longitudinal struts 8 are made of reinforced concrete.

As the search works for filling the ravine with a length, width and depth of 70.18 and 5 m, respectively, have shown, due to the accelerated installation of additional retaining walls, the process of fixing the object has been reduced by 15-20 days, and the length of planting on isolated plants

and planned sites - for 1-2 days. Total reduction was 16-22 days.

The proposed method and device for fixing gullies has the following technical advantages presented in the table.

According to the proposed technical solution, the ravine fastening was developed and tested during the summer period. The ravine is located on the bank of a beam with a steepness of 8–11. A retaining wall was arranged at the mouth of a ravine of rubble stone on a cement mortar, which had a trapezoidal shape in section, a large base at the bottom, a foundation with a depth of 1.0 m and a height of aerial part 2.7 m.

After the cement mortar had dried, sections were filled. The soil was brought from the adjacent areas by the scraper D-569, aggregated with the DT-75M tractor. It was fed to the retaining wall with a D-535 bulldozer. At the end of the backfill in front of the main retaining wall, they began to manually dig the transverse trench. Then, a reinforced concrete gantry was laid on the hill slope, and longitudinal struts were placed on it. The lower end of the latter was abutted against the upper part of the retaining wall. An additional retaining wall (iron concrete slab) was placed in a trench and proceeded to fill the tank with imported soil. In the same sequence, work was carried out to the top of the ravine. Reinforced concrete slabs were mounted perpendicular to the main slope of the channel, a temporary watercourse.

Then, in the spring, 2-year-old oak pedunculate, Scots pine and white acacia were planted under the Kolesov's sword at the facility.

Observations of plantings established a high survival rate and safety

plants (75-83). In comparison with the prototype, it was 7-12% more.

On spring sites, snow was held for 5–9 days longer in spring, which favored a better accumulation of moisture in the soil. This was also facilitated by the complete regulation in the bed of the ravine of summer precipitation. Due to better soil moistening, the annual growth of planted crops in the second year after planting increased by 3-5 cm and reached for Scots pine (15, ± 0.9), white acacia (23 ± 1.2) and juicy-leaved (12 ± 0.8 ). With this, there was no need for the addition of cultures.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of fixing ravines, which includes the installation of a retaining wall at the base of the ravine, dumping of soil and planting on bulk areas, characterized in that, in order to improve efficiency, the ravines are fixed stepwise from bottom to top, each step being formed by dumping soil. , carrying out a transverse and parallel main retaining wall of the trench upward along the slope, installing an additional retaining wall in it, made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, The space between the additional retaining wall and the uphill slope of dumping the soil of the transverse bar, installed parallel to the trench axis and laying the spacer on the dumping of the soil perpendicular to the axis of the trench, in this case the strut is placed on the transverse bar and planted on each of the steps. 5 4 S 2 1 FIE