CN114215081B - Ecological restoration construction method for surface mine side slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration construction method for a side slope of an open-pit mine. Which comprises the following steps: s1, safety control; s2, reinforcement treatment: spraying concrete on the slope to form a concrete layer, and then paving carbon fibers loaded with gluconolactone on the concrete layer to form a slow release layer; s3, matrix reconstruction: spraying a plant matrix on the slow release layer to form a matrix layer, wherein the plant matrix comprises sodium alginate and sodium silicate; s4, vegetation reconstruction; and S5, monitoring and maintaining. In this application, through concrete layer, include the controlled release layer of gluconolactone and carbon fiber, include the comprehensive use of the matrix layer of sodium alginate and sodium silicate, the side slope not hard up crack condition that causes when effectively having solved the security and administering to can further protect the side slope, avoid the side slope morals and manners and slump, still solved the problem that the plant matrix layer drops easily simultaneously.

Description

Ecological restoration construction method for surface mine side slope

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration construction method for a side slope of a surface mine.

Background

The surface soil is stripped, the surface morphology is changed, the original surface loses the original characteristics, and a plurality of extreme physicochemical properties harmful to the environment exist, and the method is mainly characterized in that: the surface soil layer is damaged, the soil is lack of water, the content of toxic substances is increased, and the like, so that the method is particularly important for ecological restoration of the side slope of the surface mine. The ecological restoration engineering construction of the side slope of the open mine is based on the principle of overall planning, comprehensive treatment and arrangement, the system construction is adopted, the secondary disturbance to the ecological environment is reduced to the maximum extent, the ecological system is prevented from being damaged newly or causing reverse ecological succession, the green technology, the advanced technology and the advanced process are actively adopted and popularized, the application of vegetation restoration measures such as soil fixation, planting and maintenance is comprehensively considered, and the purposes of energy conservation, water conservation, land conservation, material conservation and environmental protection are achieved.

Patent document CN111593746A discloses an ecological restoration method for a high and steep slope of an open stope of a metal mine, which comprises the following steps: s1, stabilizing a high and steep slope of an open stope of a metal mine; s2, building drainage ditches at the platforms and the edges of the side slopes to realize the sewage-cleaning and shunting of rainwater; s3, sequentially laying ecological rods and a crocheting net on the slope surface, and fixing the ecological rods and the crocheting net through anchor rods respectively; s4, constructing a flexible V-shaped planting groove on the slope surface by using an ecological rod, and fixing the planting groove through an anchor rod; s5, adding water into the light mixed matrix and uniformly mixing to prepare light mixed slurry, spraying to form a complete cover on a slope surface to form a light mixed base material layer of the flower hooking net, filling and leveling the flexible V-shaped planting groove by adopting the planting base material, then spraying a mixture of plant seeds and anti-erosion matrix to form a seed-anti-erosion integrated layer on the surface of the light mixed base material layer, and planting woody plants and/or lianas in the flexible V-shaped planting groove. The light mixed matrix comprises fermented sludge, a light matrix, HDS bottom mud, a water-retaining agent and an organic polymerization crosslinking agent, wherein the light matrix is one or more of crushed crop straws, crop shells and wood processing wastes. The erosion resistant matrix is polymeric wood fiber, and the plant seeds are a mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds.

In the method, firstly, when the slope surface is fixed with the ecological rod and the flower hooking net through the anchor rod, the anchor rod is inserted into the side slope, soil of the side slope near the anchor rod is loosened, the stability of the side slope is affected, and the side slope is easy to collapse. Secondly, the light mixed substrate layer is sprayed on the slope surface subsequently, and the organic polymerization crosslinking agent is added into the light mixed substrate, so that soil particle aggregates are formed, larger particle aggregates are not easy to be sprayed into the loose cracks between the anchor rods and the slope, the effect of stabilizing the slope can not be achieved, and the temperature that the light mixed substrate is easy to fall off from the slope is also caused. Thirdly, the seed-anti-corrosion integrated layer is sprayed on the light mixed base material layer subsequently, the light mixed base material layer and the seed-anti-corrosion integrated layer are connected together only through physical action, and the problem that the seed-anti-corrosion integrated layer is easy to fall off, so that the plant growth vigor is poor is also solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an ecological restoration construction method for a side slope of a surface mine.

The technical scheme for solving the problems is to provide an ecological restoration construction method for a side slope of a surface mine, which comprises the following steps:

s1, safety treatment: removing unstable rock and soil mass on the side slope, leveling the slope surface, laying lattice on the slope surface, and reinforcing the fixation between the side slope and the lattice through a first anchor rod;

s2, reinforcement treatment: spraying concrete on the slope to form a concrete layer, and then paving carbon fibers loaded with gluconolactone on the concrete layer to form a slow release layer;

s3, matrix reconstruction: spraying a plant matrix on the slow release layer to form a matrix layer, wherein the plant matrix comprises sodium alginate and sodium silicate;

s4, vegetation reconstruction: spraying seeds on the substrate layer or/and digging holes on the substrate layer to plant plants;

and S5, monitoring and maintaining.

In the application, the step S1 is basically consistent with the prior art, the connection between the lattice and the side slope is also reinforced through the first anchor rod, however, the following difference is that in the step S2, concrete is sprayed on the lattice layer firstly, concrete particles are small, the concrete particles can be sprayed into a loosening crack between the first anchor rod and the side slope and go deep into the side slope, meanwhile, the concrete has high adhesion, high density and high strength, and after the concrete goes deep into the side slope and is cured, the stability of the side slope can be effectively improved, and the soil displacement of the rock mass of the side slope is reduced; meanwhile, the concrete also covers the side slope to form a concrete layer, so that the wind or collapse of the side slope rock can be prevented.

Preferably, the concrete includes general concrete and porous concrete. The common concrete mainly provides the due strength of the concrete, and the commercially available common silicate concrete is selected. The porous concrete is concrete with large porosity and effective aperture, mainly provides space required by plant root growth, has slightly insufficient mechanical properties compared with common concrete, and can be prepared by modifying the common concrete. As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the porous concrete is prepared by the steps of: according to the mass parts, 10-15 parts of portland cement, 60-70 parts of limestone broken stone, 2-5 parts of calcium sulfate anhydrite, 2-5 parts of calcium carbonate limestone, 2-5 parts of fly ash and 3-8 parts of water are used as raw materials, the limestone broken stone and half of the water are firstly added into a stirrer to be stirred for 30-60s, then the rest components are added, and the mixture is stirred for 180-200 s. Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the common concrete to the porous concrete is 1: (0.2-0.4).

In the follow-up process, because the plant matrix is required to be sprayed on the slope for planting plants to realize greening, and the connection effect of the direct physical contact of the plant matrix and the concrete layer is poor, the carbon fiber loaded with the gluconolactone is arranged on the concrete layer to form a slow release layer, and simultaneously, the sodium alginate and the sodium silicate are added into the plant matrix. The main component of the concrete is calcium silicate, the gluconolactone can promote calcium ions in the concrete to be slowly released, and the calcium ions can be crosslinked with sodium alginate in the plant matrix, so that the plant matrix layer can be more stably connected to the concrete layer, the plant matrix layer is not easy to fall off, and further the growth vigor and the growth uniformity of subsequent plants are ensured. Based on this mechanism, when spraying the plant substrate, the plant substrate cannot be sprayed too thick once, otherwise the plant substrate on the surface layer still easily falls off, but in order to ensure the total thickness of the plant substrate, as a preference of the present invention, when spraying the plant substrate, the thickness of each spraying is not more than 8cm; and repeating the step S2 and the step S3 until the sum of the thicknesses of all the matrix layers reaches 20cm or more.

In addition, the design mode can also produce the following beneficial effects: firstly, carbon fibers are clamped between the plant matrix layer and the concrete layer during crosslinking, calcium ions and sodium silicate in the plant matrix can be produced into calcium silicate again, the obtained calcium silicate is loaded on the carbon fibers, the strength of the carbon fibers is further enhanced, namely the strength of the slow release layer is enhanced, so that the side slope is further protected, and the side slope is prevented from collapsing. Preferably, the carbon fibers are carbon fiber nets, and the carbon fiber nets can further provide attachment points for the plant matrix layer and the plant root system. Preferably, the carbon fiber net is connected with the side slope through a plurality of reinforcing nails, the depth of the reinforcing nails inserted into the side slope is lower than that of the first anchors inserted into the side slope, and the side slope is loosened due to the insertion of the reinforcing nails.

Secondly, the water inevitably flows in the plant growth process, the gluconolactone on the carbon fibers releases hydrogen ions when meeting water, and the hydrogen ions react with the calcium silicate to form a mesoporous silica gel structure on the surface of the calcium silicate nanoparticles so as to provide more breathing holes for the root system of the subsequent plant.

Thirdly, calcium alginate formed by crosslinking is loaded on the carbon fiber, and the calcium alginate has good water absorption and retention property, so that the loss of water required by plant growth can be prevented.

Fourthly, when the sodium alginate is added into the plant matrix, the sodium alginate is added in a water solution mode and can be used as an adhesive to effectively bond other components in the plant matrix together, so that the adhesive strength between component particles in the plant matrix and the adhesive strength of the plant matrix on the slow release layer are improved, the formation of a soil particle agglomerate structure is promoted, meanwhile, the living environment of soil microorganisms can be optimized, and the curing of soil is further promoted. Preferably, the plant substrate further comprises sand, gravel, peat or leaf mold.

Since the plant matrix mainly provides nutrition for the growth of seeds or plants, the plant matrix also comprises ammonium nitrogen fertilizer as a preferable option of the invention, and the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride as a preferable option of the invention. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is acidic, and based on the concrete containing limestone, the limestone generates carbon dioxide under an acidic condition, so that the porosity of the porous concrete is further improved, and a space is provided for plant growth. Meanwhile, it is known that the concrete has high alkalinity and can influence the growth of plants, and the acidic ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can neutralize the alkalinity to a certain extent and regulate the growth environment of the plants.

In order to enrich the variety of the slope vegetation, as the optimization of the invention, the slope vegetation reconstruction in the step S4 further comprises the flume greening for planting the creeper plants and the weeping plants. Based on the above, as a preferable choice of the invention, in the step S1, after the lattice structure is laid, a plurality of precast slabs provided with the drainage holes are installed on the side slope; the included angle between the plate surface of the prefabricated plate and the slope surface of the side slope is 45-50 degrees, and a floating groove is formed between the prefabricated plate and the side slope; in step S3, the plant substrate is filled in the float bath. Preferably, the prefabricated slab comprises a front slab, a back slab and a second anchor rod arranged between the front slab and the back slab; the lattice is provided with a deformation joint, and the second anchor rod penetrates into the side slope after penetrating through the deformation joint. Based on the connection mode, the prefabricated panels can be used for forming the flume and further strengthening the connection strength between the lattice and the side slope. Preferably, the end of the first anchor and the end of the second anchor are magnetically connected.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

in this application, through concrete layer, include the controlled release layer of gluconolactone and carbon fiber, include the comprehensive use of the matrix layer of sodium alginate and sodium silicate, effectively solved the not hard up crack condition of side slope that first anchor caused to can further protect the side slope, avoid the side slope morals and manners and slump, still solved the problem that the plant matrix layer drops easily simultaneously.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ecological restoration construction method for a side slope of a surface mine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a slope ecological restoration structure of a surface mine;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the bay in the slope ecological restoration structure of the surface mine.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and further illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

A surface mine slope is divided into two experimental areas.

Example 1

The method for ecological restoration construction of the side slope of the open mine in the experimental area 1 is shown in a flow chart 1 and comprises the following steps:

s0, construction preparation:

data collection and survey of mine nature profile: the method for collecting the natural general data of the mine to be repaired is characterized by collecting the natural general data of the mine to be repaired in a mode of combining data collection and field investigation, and the main contents comprise: natural geography, illumination conditions, landform, climate, hydrological characteristics, current land classification status, slope direction, slope area and the like. And simultaneously collecting a geological survey report and a project geological disaster risk assessment report of the side slope.

Collecting and investigating mine geological environment data: the method for collecting the mine address environment data to be repaired by combining data collection with field investigation mainly comprises the following steps: stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and earthquake, hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions, current land utilization situation, mine and surrounding human engineering activity situation, determination of mine geological environment condition level and the like; whether the slope surface collapses, falls rocks, debris flow, landslide and the like exist; whether the slope surface has tension deformation, shear cracks, tree deflection and the like; whether factors such as burst vibration, excavation, loading, erosion, weathering and the like cause potential damage to slope stability; whether water gushes or holes collapse or not is arranged on the slope body.

Collecting and surveying mining history and production status data: the method combines data collection with field investigation to collect the mining year, scale, mining range and mode, whether the pit is closed, and the like.

Weather investigation: the method combines the collected data with field survey, and the main content of the collected data comprises the following steps: average annual temperature, average monthly temperature, highest annual temperature, lowest annual temperature, extreme low temperature, frost free period, accumulated annual temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃, temperature variation around 0 ℃, frozen soil depth, average annual precipitation amount, precipitation distribution of each month, average annual wind speed, average monthly wind speed, dominant wind direction, maximum wind speed, annual evaporation amount and the like.

And (4) vegetation investigation: the method is mainly used for field survey and is supplemented with sample survey if necessary. Investigating the main content should include: the types of plant communities around mine slopes and mining sites, the types of local plants, the types of common plants and dominant species, and the like.

Soil investigation: the field survey is used as the main part, and the data and laboratory analysis are used as the auxiliary parts. Investigating the main content should include: surveying slope and surrounding soil, checking indexes such as soil type, texture, structure, organic matters, fertility, pH value and the like, and preferably surveying the plowing and planting soil of the mining site pressure occupation and disturbance area.

According to the data obtained by investigation and collection, factors such as engineering characteristics, scale, geology, environmental conditions, construction period and the like are comprehensively considered, and a construction scheme is formulated according to local conditions.

S1, safety treatment:

slope cutting and shaping: and (4) carrying out danger elimination and slope clearing and cutting shaping on the slope surface, clearing unstable rock and soil bodies on the slope surface and leveling the slope surface. The slope cutting and shaping is to excavate step by step, support step by step, excavate in layers and regions from top to bottom, and do not excavate simultaneously on the same slope surface from top to bottom. The slope surface after slope cutting and shaping is smooth and has no loose rock, and the slope ratio, the flatness and the width and the elevation of a slope surface platform of the side slope all meet the design requirements.

And (3) drainage setting: as shown in fig. 2, a drainage facility is arranged on a platform at the bottom of the slope surface of the side slope, and the drainage facility is arranged in a low-concave position of the terrain, so that surface water can be conveniently collected and drained. The drainage engineering of high and steep slopes or slopes with poor geotechnical stability adopts a method of graded interception and vertically and horizontally combined drainage for treatment. Surface water outside the top of the slope is drained from the intercepting drain, each step of the graded side slope is provided with a cut-off drain for drainage, and the slope foot is provided with a side drain for drainage.

Retaining wall and protection network: as shown in fig. 2, retaining walls and protective nets are provided at the side edges of the slope platforms. The rock side slope and the soil side slope formed by excavation adopt masonry retaining walls, concrete retaining walls are adopted when the foundation of the retaining walls is poor, and the high fill side slope adopts buttress type concrete retaining walls. The backfill soil on the back of the retaining wall is tamped layer by layer, the layering thickness is not more than 30cm, and the compaction degree is not less than 90%.

Filling a slope: filling and leveling the slope surface of the side slope according to the sequence of a low part and a high part, wherein the backfilling soil material adopts the same kind of soil as much as possible, when different kinds of soil are backfilled, the soil layer with larger water permeability is horizontally layered and paved and filled in a segmented way according to the soil types, and the soil layer with larger water permeability is preferably placed under the soil layer with smaller water permeability and is compacted in a layered way; the same filler is adopted in the same horizontal layer, mixed filling is not required, and rolling tests are respectively carried out.

Laying a lattice: a reinforced concrete lattice finished product with deformation joints is purchased on the market, a lattice is laid on the slope surface, the fixation between the side slope and the lattice is enhanced through a first anchor rod, and the included angle between the first anchor rod and the slope surface is 85-90 degrees.

Setting a precast slab: as shown in fig. 3, a prefabricated slab is prepared, which includes a front slab, a back slab, and a plurality of second anchor rods disposed between the front slab and the back slab, wherein the front slab and the back slab are both provided with drain holes, the drain holes of the front slab and the back slab are communicated through drain pipes, and the second anchor rods protrude from the side surfaces of the front slab and the back slab. When the prefabricated slab is installed, the protruding part of the second anchor rod penetrates through the deformation joint of the lattice structure and then is inserted into the side slope, and meanwhile, the included angle between the surface of the prefabricated slab and the slope surface of the side slope is controlled to be 45-50 degrees, so that a floating groove is formed between the prefabricated slab and the side slope.

Laying a net and nailing a net: as shown in figure 2, a plurality of fixing nails are driven into the front and back surfaces of the slope and the prefabricated plate, and the fixing nails are parallel to the first anchor rods. The head of the fixing nail is left outside for standby.

S2, reinforcement treatment:

according to the mass parts, firstly, 65 parts of limestone broken stone and 3 parts of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 45s, then 12 parts of portland cement, 3 parts of calcium sulfate anhydrite, 3 parts of calcium carbonate limestone, 3 parts of fly ash and 3 parts of water are added, and the mixture is stirred for 190s to prepare the porous concrete. And then adding 300 parts of silicate concrete into the porous concrete, and stirring for 60s to obtain the concrete. And spraying the concrete on the slope to form concrete layers on the surfaces of the lattice and the front and back surfaces of the precast slabs, wherein the thickness of each concrete layer is 5cm.

And (3) soaking the carbon fiber net in the gluconolactone solution for 24 hours, taking out the carbon fiber net, naturally drying the carbon fiber net, and then hooking the carbon fiber net on the fixing nail.

S3, matrix reconstruction:

according to the mass parts, 20 parts of sand, 10 parts of gravel, 10 parts of peat, 10 parts of leaf mold, 15 parts of sodium alginate solution, 5 parts of sodium silicate and 2 parts of ammonium chloride are uniformly mixed to obtain the plant matrix. Spraying the plant substrate on the carbon fiber net, wherein the spraying thickness is 8cm. Then spraying the concrete again, wherein the spraying thickness is 2cm; then spraying a mixture of the carbon fibers and the gluconolactone, wherein the spraying thickness is 0.2cm; spraying the plant substrate again, wherein the spraying thickness is 8cm. Spraying concrete, a mixture of carbon fibers and gluconolactone and the plant matrix repeatedly until the sum of the thicknesses of all matrix layers reaches 24cm. And filling plant substrates in the floating groove.

S4, vegetation reconstruction:

selection of reconstructed plants: plants are reasonably configured according to climatic conditions, soil conditions, illumination, geological conditions, topographic features, ecological restoration targets and interspecific congruence. In the early stage of species, herbaceous plants are used as the main materials, shrubs are used as the auxiliary materials, and the herbaceous plants and the shrubs are combined; conditions need to be created for the growth of shrubs and small trees in the later period; the planting of the plants organically combines irrigation, vines and grass in a mode of combining sowing (spray sowing) and transplanting to form a stable composite plant ecosystem with multi-level and multi-variety combination of irrigation vines and grass. Preferably, a certain amount of plant species with larger fallen leaves or better nitrogen fixation capacity is configured, so that a vegetation ecosystem with stable function is formed conveniently.

Spray seeding: reconstructing herbaceous plants by adopting a seed spray-seeding mode, and selecting excellent seeds suitable for local; lawn and herbaceous ground cover seeds with purity of over 95 percent; the germination rate of the cold-land lawn seeds reaches more than 85 percent, and the germination rate of the warm-land lawn seeds reaches more than 70 percent. The equal amount of sandy soil and seeds are uniformly mixed for broadcast sowing, a spray gun is vertical to a sprayed surface to avoid upward spraying, the spray sowing sequence is that the upper part is firstly, the lower part is firstly, the spraying is difficult and then easy, the spray sowing thickness is uniform, the concave-convex part and the dead angle are fully sprayed, and the air pressure of a gun opening is controlled to be 4.5-5.5kPa. After sowing, uniformly covering fine soil with the thickness of 0.3cm-0.3cm and lightly pressing. And (3) spraying water in time after sowing, spraying water 1-2 times per day in arid areas before seeds germinate, wherein water points are fine and uniform, the seeds are soaked in 8-10 cm of soil layer to keep surface soil moist, no water should be accumulated, the water spraying frequency can be reduced after seedling emergence, and the soil is suitable for wet and dry.

Transplanting: the flower seedling and seedling are re-planted, and the hole is dug to have diameter greater than 40-60 cm of root spread of soil ball or bare-rooted seedling and depth 0.75-0.8 times of hole diameter. Then planting nursery stocks, watering thoroughly in time after planting arbors and shrubs, and performing binding, supporting and fixing work if necessary. According to the requirements of the standing conditions and the specifications of the trees, the supporting modes such as single-rod supporting, door-shaped supporting, triangular supporting, four-column supporting, row supporting or soft traction are selected. The support post of the support should be embedded in the soil for not less than 30cm, and the connection between the support and the ground connection point and the traction object should be firm. The supporting point for connecting the tree is arranged on the trunk of the tree, and the joint is lined with a soft cushion and firmly bound. The strength of the support and the traction object should ensure the effective support. The support height of the needle-leaved evergreen tree is not lower than two thirds of the trunk of the tree, and the support height of the deciduous tree is one half of the trunk height of the tree.

Greening the floating groove: planting vines (such as Tiger) at the inner side of the floating groove at intervals of 250mm, climbing upwards to perform slope greening; planting vine plants (such as yellow jasmine) at the outer side of the flume at intervals of 250mm, and hanging the vine plants below the prefabricated slab for greening; and planting small trees and shrubs at intervals of 500mm in the floating groove.

S5, monitoring and maintaining:

vegetation protection: slope covering is carried out in time after sowing, and the covering material is made of ecological and environment-friendly degradable material. The covering material mainly for moisture preservation is selected from straw curtain, non-woven fabric, etc. The covering material mainly for shading sun and preventing scouring is non-woven fabric, sunshade net, etc. The germination and growth conditions of the plants are regularly observed, and the covering is timely removed according to the conditions. The ecological environment-friendly degradable covering material can be reserved under the condition of not influencing the growth of plants and the surrounding environment.

Fertilizing: topdressing is carried out within 1 to 2 years after construction according to the growth condition of plants, and the fertilization is preferably carried out in combination with irrigation. The artificial broadcasting can also be carried out before rainfall or irrigation.

Irrigation: according to the slope of the planting slope and the condition of the field, a proper irrigation mode is selected, and drip irrigation and micro-irrigation are adopted on the slope with larger slope and larger soil viscosity. According to the local climate condition, the soil moisture content of the slope is observed, water is supplemented in time, and the normal growth of vegetation is ensured. Sunlight exposure and high temperature periods should be avoided during slope irrigation.

And (4) mowing: when the plant is inhibited by the weed, the weed is removed in time and the climbing plant winding the plant is wound. In winter, the fire-proof period and the fire-proof zone are mowed, and the overground part of the herbaceous plant is preferably cut off.

Trimming: timely examining and treating plants influencing the slope stability, thinning out weak branches of trees and shrubs and diseased and withered branches, and cutting short and long branches. The underground and aboveground biomass of the plant is regulated and controlled by pruning or stumping in the plant dormancy stage.

And (3) complementing seeds: when the slope is exposed more or can not meet the design requirements, the reseeding (planting) is adopted for blending. Reseeding (planting) is carried out in spring or autumn.

Plant protection: strengthening slope plant protection and pest control, and configuring facilities and equipment for pest control.

And (3) other measures: and (4) checking and maintaining slope flood prevention facilities before the flood season, and ensuring normal operation of slope intercepting and draining facilities. In the flood season, the slope intercepting and draining facilities are patrolled and cleaned, and problems are repaired in time. Cleaning the slope and the surrounding area, and removing the sundries irrelevant to the vegetation. Various abnormal objects and combustible objects in the slope surface area are cleaned in time, and the fire hazard is eliminated. After a fire disaster occurs, the fire passing area is cleared in time, and seeds are supplemented in time.

Comparative example 1

The construction method for ecological restoration of the experimental area 2 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is only that:

step S2 is not performed; in step S3, plant substrate with the thickness of 24cm is directly sprayed on the lattice.

The above examples and comparative examples were subjected to continuous three-year follow-up testing and found that: the vegetation coverage in the embodiment reaches more than 95 percent, and the growth vigor of the plants is good; in the comparative example, the vegetation coverage is below 85%, certain water and soil loss exists, and the average growth height of the plants is not equal to that of the plants in the embodiment, which explains the reinforcement treatment step of the application, so that the slope collapse can be effectively prevented, the stability of the plant matrix layer is ensured, and a good growth environment is improved for the plants.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A construction method for ecological restoration of a side slope of a surface mine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, safety treatment: removing unstable rock and soil mass on the side slope, leveling the slope surface, laying lattice on the slope surface, and reinforcing the fixation between the side slope and the lattice through a first anchor rod; a plurality of fixing nails are driven into the side slope, the fixing nails are parallel to the first anchor rod, and nail heads of the fixing nails are left outside for later use;

s2, reinforcement treatment: spraying concrete on the slope to form a concrete layer, and then paving carbon fibers loaded with gluconolactone on the concrete layer to form a slow release layer; the carbon fiber is a carbon fiber net, and the carbon fiber net is hooked on the fixing nail;

s3, matrix reconstruction: spraying a plant matrix on the slow release layer to form a matrix layer, wherein the plant matrix comprises sodium alginate and sodium silicate;

s4, vegetation reconstruction: spraying seeds on the substrate layer or/and digging holes on the substrate layer to plant plants;

and S5, monitoring and maintaining.

2. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete includes general concrete and porous concrete.

3. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the porous concrete comprises portland cement, limestone macadam, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and fly ash.

4. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: spraying the plant substrate, wherein the thickness of each spraying is not more than 8cm; and (5) repeating the step (S2) and the step (S3) until the sum of the thicknesses of all the matrix layers reaches more than 20 cm.

5. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plant substrate also includes an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

6. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride.

7. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant substrate also comprises sand, gravel, peat and leaf mold.

8. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S1, after the lattice is laid, mounting the prefabricated slab with the drainage holes on the side slope; the included angle between the plate surface of the prefabricated plate and the slope surface of the side slope is 45-50 degrees, and a floating groove is formed between the prefabricated plate and the side slope; in step S3, the plant substrate is filled in the float bath.

9. The ecological restoration construction method for the side slope of the surface mine according to claim 8, characterized in that: the prefabricated plate comprises a front plate, a back plate and a second anchor rod arranged between the front plate and the back plate; the lattice is provided with a deformation joint, and the second anchor rod penetrates into the side slope after penetrating through the deformation joint.

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