CN111316850A

CN111316850A - High and steep slope vegetation and planting method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111316850A
Application number: CN202010125639.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王国利
Original assignee: Shanxi Miaobaobao Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanxi Miaobaobao Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-02-27
Filing date: 2020-02-27
Publication date: 2020-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to vegetation on a high and steep slope and a planting method thereof, belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of the high and steep slope, and mainly solves the problems of ecological restoration and construction in an area where unstable slag stones are formed due to mechanical excavation in the prior art; the ecological planting bag comprises planting soil, trees, vegetation bags and shrubs, and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising rod is a rod seedling integrated body which is obtained by intensive seedling raising of the straw seedling raising rod and has grown shrub branches and shrub root systems; the plant biological bags are staggered and stacked along the high and steep side slope, a certain distance is reserved between the plant biological bags and the high and steep side slope for filling planting soil, 8-12 layers of the plant biological bags are stacked and stacked, a step shape is formed along the slope, a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of plant biological bags, planting soil is filled in the gap, and the straw seedling raising rods are buried in the gaps between the bags; trees can be planted on each step formed by the vegetation bags; the arbor is a arbor planted in the straw seedling pot in advance.

Description

High and steep slope vegetation and planting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of high and steep slopes, and particularly relates to vegetation of the high and steep slopes and a planting method thereof.

Background

A large number of steep slopes are formed along with the development of economy and long-term over-development, such as road construction, hydraulic engineering, tourism development, mining and the like. The vegetation of the cliff broken arms suffers from serious damage, exposed rocks, stripped surface soil, serious water and soil loss and prominent potential safety hazard, seriously influences the ecology and the investment environment and restricts the local economic development. With ecological construction and diligent attack and hardening battle, the ecological system protection and restoration project of the high and steep slope is very necessary.

Meanwhile, the ecological restoration difficulty of the high and steep side slope, particularly the rocky mountain damaged surface, is great due to a series of limiting factors of high degree, danger, steep slope, soil lack, little water, high construction difficulty, high technical requirements and the like.

Application number CN201811369661.6 discloses a construction method of an ecological bank protection bag for straw biochar planting. After crop straws are carbonized and granulated, straw biochar particles are filled in plant growing bags, bank slope reconstruction and plant growing bag installation are carried out, and finally ecological bank protection is realized through plant growing bag plant planting. The planting mode is to directly plant evergreen herbaceous plants by opening holes and pre-embed seeds in the plant growing bags.

Application number CN201811366778.9 discloses a three-dimensional ecological restoration method for a rock slope of a surface mine. The method comprises the following specific steps: clear up domatic dangerous rock, level domatic, the drilling stock, set up the diaphragm support according to the uniform spacing, lay the vegetation bag along the side slope, fill improvement soil in the vegetation bag, bush and herbaceous plant greening is carried out to the side slope, the slope top sets up the breakwater, the platform is carried out the excavation and is planted the arbor and carry out the arbor afforestation, adopt built-in water pipe to carry out the maintenance to side slope and platform vegetation, level domatic follow-up vegetation bag of guaranteeing can closely laminate with domatic, the drilling stock supports for the follow-up diaphragm that sets up, the diaphragm needs to satisfy intensity and rigidity. According to the three-dimensional ecological restoration method for the rock side slope of the surface mine, the side slope re-greening and the platform re-greening are combined, so that the three-dimensional re-greening of arbors, shrubs and grasses can be well completed on the rock side slope, the effects of ecological restoration, water retention and soil fixation are achieved, and a better use prospect is brought.

Application number CN201811172100.7 discloses a method for fast greening high and steep limestone slope. The method comprises the steps of slope cleaning, building plant biological bags, building planting grooves, hanging net and soil, planting liana and maintenance management, and is a mode of combining the plant biological bags with soil removal and spray seeding.

Application number CN201710439356.9 discloses a construction method for stacking plant growing bag for greening road bed excavation side slope frame lattice beam slope protection. The method comprises the following steps: construction preparation, clearing and leveling slope, layering of spring lines of sash beams, soil preparation, preparation of planting generation filling base materials, filling of planting bags with base materials, stacking of the planting bags, installation of angle steel for fixation, laying of non-woven fabrics, water spraying maintenance, survival rate and detection results. The construction method of stacking plant growth bags in the lattice beams of the excavation side slope is adopted to carry out greening and slope fixing test research, the engineering slope protection and the plant ecological slope protection are combined to form a method suitable for greening and protecting the excavation side slope of the road subgrade, the stability and greening and beautifying effects of the excavation side slope are effectively enhanced, and the stability and long-term greening of the side slope of the excavation side slope soil poor road beards, soil-filled stones or weathered stone sections are successfully realized.

Application number CN201610710994.5 discloses a plant growing bag slope protection greening method, which comprises the following steps: preparing and mixing a substrate; filling a matrix; leveling the slope surface; stacking and reinforcing the plant growing bags; and (5) maintaining.

Application number CN201510056037.0 discloses a construction method of ecological slope protection of plant growing bags and a rainwater treatment system thereof. Plant growth substrates are fixed in the plant growth bags by the plant growth bag slope protection system, and the side slopes are more stable and have anti-scouring capacity by the anchoring effect of plant roots; the rhombic beam grids are adopted, so that the influence on plant growth caused by uneven soil covering due to downward landslide of soil in the beam grids due to self weight can be reduced; the drainage groove is arranged in the beam, so that the washing of the covering soil by running water can be reduced. Is a method for combining beam lattices with plant growth bags.

Application number CN201420136519.8 discloses a vegetation structure for ecological slope protection of high and steep slope. The utility model discloses a plant living bag, the interior matrix of packing of plant living bag, the arbor seed of planting grass in the matrix, plant living bag by the bag body, set up in the tight mouth of bundle of bag body one end, be fixed in two locating plates of bag body lower extreme and set up the location nail on the locating plate and constitute, the two-sided reinforced non-woven fabrics of acupuncture that irones that the bag body was made for the polypropylene material, locating plate and location nail are that high density polyethylene moulds plastics and form.

Application number CN201310644987.6 discloses a plant growing bag revetment re-greening method and a re-greening structure. The invention relates to a plant-growing bag slope protection re-greening method and a re-greening structure, wherein screened foreign soil, peat soil, wood fibers and plant seeds are mixed to form plant-growing planting soil, and the plant-growing planting soil is filled into a woven bag and sealed to form a plant-growing bag; the plant biological bags are arranged or stacked along the side slope surface to form a plant biological bag layer and form a side slope greening and greening structure. And (4) firstly carrying out concrete slope support on the slope surface to form a support slope surface. The slope surface of the side is firstly paved with a layer of non-woven fabric along the slope surface, and then the non-woven fabric is paved on the gravel layer to form the slope surface of the drainage side. Thus, a re-green structure with plant growth bags is formed on the surface of a mountain or a slope surface, ecological vegetation can be rapidly built, and greening vegetation can be rapidly grown and rooted on the premise of not causing landslide; the planting soil and the growing plants are fixed by the woven bags combined on the side slope, and the root systems of the growing plants and the side slope greening plants combined below the woven bags can be firmer.

Therefore, the method is generally recognized in the industry by combining engineering slope protection (such as drilling anchor rods, transverse plate supports, diamond lattice beams and the like) with plant ecological slope protection and utilizing plant growing bags (soil is improved by filling the plant growing bags, and shrubs and plant seeds are pre-buried). In order to increase the stability of the side slope and the greening and beautifying effect, the plant biological bags are successfully applied in engineering practice by directly stacking the plant biological bags along the side slope or combining the plant biological bags with soil removal spray seeding or combining the plant biological bags with beam grids. However, the above disclosure has many disadvantages in practical applications: for example, although arbor, shrub and grass seeds are reserved in the vegetation bags, the seeds are slow in growth speed, uneven in germination rate and low in greening coverage rate in a short time; the method combined with the spraying and seeding of foreign soil is not suitable for northern arid areas; the method combined with the beam grids is obviously greatly limited in some areas pursuing near-natural landscapes due to higher manufacturing cost and artificial factors.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a novel technology for ecological slope protection of a standing plant, which combines a plant growing bag and a straw seedling growing rod technology, solves the problems of ecological restoration and construction of a vertical side slope (a positive slope with the gradient larger than 65 degrees) and a negative slope (an inclined slope with a certain horizontal elevation downward) formed by mechanical excavation and the ecological restoration and construction of an unstable slag-rock pile area formed by soil and rocks which fall, slide or naturally slide due to weathering in mechanical operation above a steep slope in the prior art, and provides high-steep-slope vegetation and a planting method thereof.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the high and steep slope vegetation comprises planting soil, trees, vegetation bags and shrubs and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising rod is a rod seedling integrated body which is obtained by intensive seedling raising of the straw seedling raising rod and has grown shrub branches and shrub root systems; the plant biological bags are staggered and stacked along the high and steep side slope, a certain distance is reserved between the plant biological bags and the high and steep side slope for filling planting soil, 8-12 layers of the plant biological bags are stacked and stacked, a step shape is formed along the slope, a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of plant biological bags, planting soil is filled in the gap, and the straw seedling raising rods are buried in the gaps between the bags; trees can be planted on each step formed by the vegetation bags; the arbor is a arbor planted in the straw seedling pot in advance.

The straw seedling raising rod is characterized in that: the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm.

The shrub is caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa or natural root system developed fertile shrubs.

The intensive seedling growing rod matrix is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like.

The plant growing bag is reserved with grass, flower, shrub seeds and a water-retaining agent.

The method for planting vegetation on the high and steep slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, cultivating shrubs with developed root systems by adopting a straw seedling raising rod intensive seedling raising technology; the specific mode is as follows:

1) the diameter of an inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length of the inscribed circle is 150-300 mm according to the specification of the straw seedling raising rod;

2) the shrubs with developed root systems are selected from caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa, natural shrubs with developed root systems and the like which are suitable for growing;

3) the shrub cultivation mode adopts seed sowing or bare-rooted seedling transplanting;

4) the intensive seedling raising substrate of the straw seedling raising rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;

5) the intensive seedling raising mode of the straw seedling raising rod adopts: selecting a field which is smooth around the site of the project and has a watering condition, manually preparing the field into strips with the width of 2-3 meters and the length of 4-6 meters, forming ridges around the field, wherein the ridges are 20-30 centimeters high, paving a greenhouse film in the ridges, and compacting and fixing the greenhouse film around the ridges; the well sowed or transplanted straw seedling raising rods (rod seedlings) are placed in the strips in order, and the distance between the rods is 1 cm; the watering adopts rhizosphere water supply, namely water is directly irrigated in the strips. The plastic arched shed can be flexibly selected and built according to the transplanting season and the plant production requirement during seedling raising;

6) transplanting conditions are met when the shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;

secondly, arranging the vegetation bags to form vegetation bag layers, wherein a layer of straw seedling raising stick seedlings is paved in a gap of each layer of vegetation bags, and each 8-12 layers of vegetation bags are provided with an arbor planting platform which is arranged in a step shape; the specific mode is as follows:

1) the plant growing bag is prepared by reserving grass, flowers, shrub seeds and a water-retaining agent;

2) after planting soil is filled into the strip, the bag opening is tightly pulled out, the strip is horizontally arranged and compacted in sequence, and the plant biological bags are arranged in a delta-shaped structure;

3) filling and compacting the space between the vegetation bags and the protected side slope by using planting soil, and directly flattening and compacting the muck if the area is an unstable muck pile area formed by dumping, slipping or weathered naturally-slipping muck in mechanical operation above the steep slope;

4) a straw seedling raising rod seedling is horizontally placed in a gap between every two planting bags, the gap is filled with planting soil, the rod seedling is vertically horizontally placed along the gap between the two planting bags, the bottom of the rod seedling is inward, branches are outward, the bottom of the rod seedling is connected with or embedded in the planting soil or muck, and the branches just extend out of the gap between the planting bags;

5) the straw seedling raising rod seedlings are required to absorb water in a saturated way before transplanting;

6) the vegetation bags are sequentially arranged layer by layer, and each 8-12 layers of vegetation bags are provided with an arbor planting platform which is arranged in a ladder shape; the width of the platform is 1-2 meters, the platform is used for planting arbors planted in advance by adopting straw seedling pots, the height of the arbors is about 1.2 meters, and the straw seedling pots are in a specification of 320mm in diameter;

thirdly, after transplanting, properly watering the plant growing bag and the platform to keep the planting soil in the plant growing bag moist to ensure the seed germination and meet the growth requirements of shrubs and arbors.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. combines the plant growing bag and the straw seedling raising rod technology. The straw seedling raising rod and the internal matrix form a small environment, the matrix is carried by the straw seedling raising rod and the internal matrix, the early growth of seedlings is basically guaranteed, meanwhile, the straw seedling raising container has good water carrying, water storage and water retention functions, the straw seedling raising container is saturated and absorbs water before planting, the water can be slowly released after planting, the maintenance cost after planting of the seedlings is reduced, meanwhile, the phenomenon of large amount of watering in the construction and maintenance process is avoided, and the potential safety hazards such as landslide caused by large amount of watering are reduced. The straw seedling raising rod can be degraded into fertilizer, and the rod and seedling are integrally planted to ensure high survival rate.

2. The invention has high greening coverage rate and good effect, can be green after construction is finished, and has high growth speed of plant root systems and better slope protection effect on the protected slope. The seeds in the grass planting bag begin to germinate in 10-15 days in the traditional technology and are limited by the natural environment of a high and steep slope, the germination rate of the seeds is not high, the growth speed is low, the covering effect is poor, the root system grows slowly, and the protection of the slope surface in a short period cannot be realized. The invention integrally plants the cultivated shrubs and trees to form a slope protection plant system with better coverage.

3. By combining the grass, the shrub and the arbor, the anchoring effect of developed root systems of vegetation is fully utilized. The roots of trees and shrubs are developed and can penetrate through the depth of the planting layer into the soil layer or into rock cracks to form a stable structure of interweaving the planting layer with the deep roots, so that deep water is absorbed, and the slope surface is stabilized; flowers and plants and the like have better covering and shielding effects on the slope and can play a role in retarding the slope runoff. Meanwhile, the combination of the arbor, the shrub and the grass with the configuration mode of imitating nature has excellent effect, not only can meet the requirement of the current landscape, but also can utilize developed plant roots to play an anchoring role on the metastable soil and stone slope, so as to keep the effect of the landscape for a medium and long time and further achieve the ecological landscape close to nature.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.

Wherein: 1-straw seedling raising rod; 1-shrub branches; 1-2-shrub root system; 2-plant growing bag; 3-high steep slope; 4, planting soil; 5, arbor.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the vegetation for the high and steep side slope comprises planting soil 4, trees 5, vegetation bags 2 and shrubs, and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising rod 1 is a rod seedling integrated body which is grown by a straw seedling raising rod intensive seedling raising mode and has shrub branches 1-1 and shrub root systems 1-2; the plant growth bags 2 are built along the high and steep side slope 3 in a staggered manner, a certain distance is reserved between the plant growth bags 2 and the high and steep side slope 3 for filling planting soil 4, the plant growth bags 2 are built into 8-12 layers and form a step shape along the slope, a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of plant growth bags, planting soil 4 is filled in the gap, and the straw seedling raising rod 1 is buried in the gap between the bags; on each step formed by the vegetation bag, a tree 5 can be planted.

The straw seedling raising rod is characterized in that: the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm;

the shrub is caragana microphylla or amorpha fruticosa and natural mature shrub with developed root system;

the plant growing bag 2 is a plant growing bag reserved with grass, flower, shrub seeds and a water-retaining agent;

a high and steep slope vegetation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

5) the intensive seedling raising mode of the straw seedling raising rod adopts: selecting a field which is smooth around the site of the project and has a watering condition, manually preparing the field into strips with the width of 2-3 meters and the length of 4-6 meters, ridging the periphery, paving a greenhouse film in the ridges, and compacting and fixing the greenhouse film around the ridges, wherein the ridges are 20-30 centimeters high; the well sowed or transplanted straw seedling raising rods (rod seedlings) are placed in the strips in order, and the distance between the rods is 1 cm; the watering adopts rhizosphere water supply, namely water is directly irrigated in the strips. The plastic arched shed can be flexibly selected and built according to the transplanting season and the plant production requirement during seedling raising;

6) transplanting conditions are met when the shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;

secondly, arranging the plant biological bags to form plant biological bag layers, wherein a layer of straw seedling raising rod seedlings is paved in the gap of each layer of plant biological bags, and each 8-12 layers of plant biological bags are provided with an arbor planting platform which is arranged in a step shape; the specific mode is as follows:

6) the plant growth bags are sequentially arranged layer by layer, and each 8-12 layers of plant growth bags are provided with an arbor planting platform which is arranged in a step shape; platform width 1 to 2 meters, the platform is planted and is adopted the straw to educate seedling alms bowl good arbor of field planting in advance, and the arbor is highly about 1.2 meters, and straw is educated seedling alms bowl and is chooseed the specification for use: the diameter of the upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of the lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;

Claims

1. The utility model provides a high steep side slope vegetation, includes planting soil (4), arbor (5), vegetation bag (2) and bush, characterized by: the straw seedling raising rod (1) is a rod seedling integrated body which is subjected to intensive seedling raising by the straw seedling raising rod and is grown with shrub branches (1-1) and shrub root systems (1-2); the plant growth bags (2) are built along the high and steep side slope (3) in a staggered manner, a certain distance is reserved between the plant growth bags (2) and the high and steep side slope (3) for filling planting soil (4), 8-12 layers of the plant growth bags (2) are built and form a step shape along the slope, a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of the plant growth bags, planting soil (4) is filled in the gap, and the straw seedling raising rods (1) are buried in the gaps between the bags; trees (5) can be planted on each step formed by the vegetation bags; the arbor (5) is an arbor planted in the straw seedling pot in advance.

2. The high steep slope vegetation of claim 1 wherein: the straw seedling raising rod is characterized in that: the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm.

3. The high steep slope vegetation of claim 1 wherein: the shrub is caragana microphylla or amorpha fruticosa and natural root system developed fertile shrubs.

4. The high steep slope vegetation of claim 1 wherein: the intensive seedling growing rod matrix is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like.

5. The high steep slope vegetation of claim 1 wherein: the plant growing bag (2) is a plant growing bag reserved with grass, flower, shrub seeds and a water-retaining agent.

6. A high and steep slope vegetation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

6) transplanting conditions are met when the shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;

6) the vegetation bags are sequentially arranged layer by layer, and each 8-12 layers of vegetation bags are provided with an arbor planting platform which is arranged in a ladder shape; 1 ~ 2 meters of platform width, the platform is planted and is adopted the straw to educate seedling alms bowl good arbor of field planting in advance, and the arbor height is about 1.2 meters, and straw is educated seedling alms bowl and is selected for use the specification: the diameter of the upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of the lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;